PALESTINIAN PERSONALITIES G H

Network and elected member of its Steering Committee since 1995; Dean of Graduate Studies at Birzeit University since 1996; Board Mem- ber of the Palestinian Hydrology Group from 1996-2000; Board Mem- ber of the Teacher’s Creativity Center in Ramallah from 1997-2000; edi- tor-in-chief of Parliamentary Horizons, an Arabic monthly documentary newsletter on the work of the PLC, since 1997; co-founder and member H of the Program Council of the Graduates’ Program in Democracy and Human Rights at Birzeit University since 1998; has written many ar- ticles and essays and (co-)edited several books, incl. After Oslo: New HABASH, ASIA (1936-) Realities, Old Problems (London: Pluto Press, 1998) and State Forma- tion in Palestine (London: Routledge, 2004). Born in Jerusalem on 28 March 1936; holds a BA in Psychology and Education from the AUB (1958) and a PhD in Education from Bradford University, UK; worked as GIACAMAN, RITA (1950-) an instructor at the UNRWA Men’s Teacher Training Center from 1960-72, then as As- Born in Bethlehem on 21 March 1950; sistant Principal (1972-75) and Principal of worked as a teaching and research as- the UNRWA Women’s Training Center, Ra- sistant at the University of California, San mallah (1975-83); co-founder of the Arab Francisco Medical Center, from 1973-77; Thought Forum, Jerusalem, from 1976-82; co-founder of the Arab Stud- graduated from that University with a PhD ies Society, Jerusalem, since 1979; Deputy-Chairperson of the National H in Clinical Pharmacy in 1977; worked as a Mental Health Society from 1982; worked as a research coordinator at Clinician and tutor at the Presbyterian Hos- the Arab Thought Forum from 1983-85; since 1985, Project Director of pital Medical Centre, San Francisco, Cali- the Early Childhood Resource Center in Jerusalem; Board of Trustees fornia, from 1977-78; returned to the West member of the Palestinian Counseling Center (1987-91) and the Tamer Bank and became Assistant Professor at Institute for Community Education, Ramallah (1990s). the Biology Dept. at Birzeit University from 1978-1984; continued her studies and received an MPhil in Sociology/ Social Policy with a focus on health and women from the University of Essex, Colchester, UK, in 1985; founding member and research HABASH, GEORGE (AL-HAKIM) (1925-) coordinator of the Community Health Dept. at Birzeit University from 1985-1987, and since 1988 its Director; since 1993, founding member Born in Lydda on 26 Aug. 1925 to a Palestin- and lecturer/researcher at the Program of Women’s Studies at Birzeit ian Greek Orthodox family; won a scholar- University; Steering Committee member of the UK-based World Univer- ship and studied Medicine at the AUB from sity Services Training Program for Palestinian Women; member of the 1944-1951; witnessed the mass expulsion UNDP Committee for the Advancement of Women in Palestinian Soci- from Lydda after the city’s fall on 14 July ety; conducted a variety of feasibility studies and evaluations of health 1948; formed there the ‘Organization to Op- and social/developmental projects in the West Bank, Gaza Strip, Egypt pose Political Settlement with Israel’, and be- and Yemen; has written extensively on health issues and co-authored came founding member of the ANM in 1951 several books, incl. Psychosocial/ Mental Health Care in the Occupied with Wadie Haddad, a fellow Palestinian, Palestinian Territories: the Embryonic System (Institute of Community and Hani Al-Hindi, a Syrian; was its repre- and Public Health in cooperation with the Center for Continuing Educa- sentative on the Exec. Committee of the National Conference; Pan- tion, Birzeit University, 2004). Arabist and Nasser-supporter in early years; moved to in 1956, was arrested for political activities, left for Damascus, was expelled in 1963 and relocated in ; called for fighting the national struggle for Palestine in a united Arab struggle; formed ‘Palestinian Chapters’ of the ANM in May 1964 to organize cells to carry out armed struggle against Israel; after the War of 1967, turned leftwards in his political thinking, established the PFLP in Dec. 1967, and became its Sec.-Gen.; led a ‘rejectionist’ front within the PLO after the Oct. 1973 War, when the PLO seemed to be ready for a possible accommodation with Is- rael; staged a reconciliation with Yasser Arafat in 1979, and joined with the PFLP the PLO Exec. Committee in 1981; left to Damascus in 1982 (where he stayed until moving to due to his deteriorating health in 1992); led a National Salvation Front, in protest at the PLO’s short-lived consensus with Jordan; rejoined the PLO at the 1987 PNC conference, after the PLO-Jordan alliance had collapsed; at the PNC in Nov. 1988, gave approval to the Algiers Declaration (endorsing a two- state option and renouncing terrorism); was highly critical of the PFLP’s 2nd generation leadership at the 5th Congress in Feb. 1993; opposed to the ; resigned as Sec.-Gen. in April 2000 after 33 years and established a research center in Amman, Jordan.

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HABASH, SAKHR (ABU NIZAR) (1939-) but enjoys writing poetry; was arrested by the Israeli authorities under charges that his poem collection Return to the Future (1990) praised Born in Beit Dajan, near Jaffa, in 1939; be- the revolutionary aspect of the Intifada; in 1992, he was sentenced to came refugee in the Nakba of 1948, ending three years though it was soon after overturned into an eight-month up first in Ramallah, then in Balata Refugee “conditional sentence,” a three-year probationary period, and a fine for Camp near Nablus; joined the Ba‘athists in violating Israel’s 1949 “Anti-terror Act”; in 1993, he was acquitted of 1952; studied Geology and Water Resources those charges by a district court on appeal, and the High Court has at Cairo’s Ein Shams University from 1958; refused to review the case afterwards; published 15 poetry collections turned to the Palestinian national movement between 1971 and 2005. in the early 1960s and joined Fateh in 1962, when he became responsible for recruitment; was appointed Fateh regional command in Lebanon in Oct. 1972; mem- ber of the Fateh Central Committee since Aug. 1989. HABIBI, EMILE (1921-1996)

Born in Haifa in Aug. 1921 into a Palestin- ian Protestant family; studied in Haifa and HABASH, CLAUDETTE Acre; worked in Haifa’s oil refinery as a con- Born in Jerusalem; completed the London struction worker, then as radio announcer Matriculation at the Notre Dame de SIon in the Palestinian Broadcasting Service in School in Jerusalem in 1965; graduated from Jerusalem (1941-43); joined the Palestinian Communist Party in 1940 and became one H the Beirut College for Women with a BA in Social Work in 1960; completed a one-year of its leaders, operating underground dur- practical training course in Medical Social ing the British Mandate in the 1940s; one Work at the American University Hospital in of the founders of the National Liberation Beirut in 1960; was involved with the YWCA League (Usbat Al-Taharrur Al-Watani) in as Chairperson of the Women’s Council from 1943, along with Haidar Abdel Shafi, Mukhlis Amer, Emil Tuma and 1971-75, then as National Board member (1978-84) and Pres. (1989-93); Mufid Nashashibi; editor of Al-Mihmaz newspaper; joined the Israeli served as Vice-Pres. of the Board of Directors of Terra Sancta Club in Communist Party after the 1940s and became chief editor of its paper Jerusalem from 1973-80; was a member of the Parent/Teacher Associa- Al-Ittihad; represented the party in the Knesset for 19 years from 1953- tion at De La Salle School, Jerusalem, from 1975-78; Manager of Ayoub 72 (since 1965 for Rakah which emerged from the Israeli Communist Trading Agency from 1978-84; serves as Sec.-Gen. of Caritas Jerusalem Party); edited Al-Ittihad that served as the Arabic mouthpiece for the and member of several working groups, commissions and committees of party in the 1970s; began writing short stories in the 1960s; resigned Caritas Internationalis since 1991; member of several councils and del- from the Knesset in 1972 to write his novel, The Secret Life of Saeed, egations of the Holy See; member of Pontificum Consilium - Cor Unum the Pessoptimist (Arabic, 1974; English, 1982), depicting the life and for- in 1990-94 and 1995-99, and of the Holy See Delegation to the UN Con- tunes of an Arab citizen of the state of Israel; proponent of Arab-Israeli ference on Women, Beijing, China, in 1995; also member of the Work- coexistence; noted Palestinian-Israeli author, playwright, and journalist, ing Group on Refugees, Middle East Council of Churches (MECC) since who received several literary prizes, incl. the top PLO literary honor, 1992, member of the Central Committee of the Dept. of Service to Pal- Jerusalem Prize (1990), and the Israel Prize (1992); left Rakah in 1991 estinian Refugees (DSPR) since 1992, serving as its Chairperson from over a position the party adopted vis-à-vis Soviet leader Gorbachev; es- 2001-04; Council member of the International Catholic Migration Com- tablished the Arabesque House Publishing Company in Haifa the same mission (ICMC), Geneva, since 1995; was a member of the regional com- year; in 1995, produced the monthly literary journal Masharif; authored mission of Caritas MONA (Middle East and North Africa) from 1995-99; several renown books, incl. Kufr Qassem - The Massacre and the Poli- Board of Trustees member of Bethlehem University since 1997; served tics (Haifa, 1976), Ikhtiyyeh (1985), The Tale of Saraya, the Daughter for two consecutive terms as Pres. of Caritas for the MONA region since of the Ogre (Arabic, 1991), as well as plays, such as Lakka’ ben Lakka’ 1999; Vice-Pres. of Caritas Internationalis for the MONA region since (1980) and Um-Al Robabika (1992); also published a collection of his 1999; member of the Board of Directors, Society of Saint Yves, since essays and articles known as Towards a World Without Cages (Arabic, 2002; was decorated Lady Commander of the Order of Saint Gregory 1993); died in Haifa on 2 May 1996 (his tombstone reads - as he had the Great with medallion in 1997; became an Ambassador for Peace for requested: “Emile Habibi - Remained in Haifa”). the Inter-Religious and International Federation for World Peace in 2003; received the International Voluntary Service Award from the Catholic University of San Antonio, Murcia, Spain, in 2004. HADAWI, SAMI (1904-2004)

Born in Jerusalem on 6 March 1904; got educated privately; after his father, a soldier in HABIB, SHAFIQ SALEH (1941-) the Ottoman army, was killed in WWI, moved Born in Deir Hanna, Galilee. on 8 Dec. 1941; with his family to Amman in 1915; became completed his secondary education in Naz- an unofficial translator for British troops in areth; holds a Diploma in Education from 1918; returned to Palestine in 1919; worked Haifa University and a BA in Journalism and for the British Palestine Authorities as a Public Relations from the British College in clerk in the Jerusalem district administration Jerusalem works in the field of accounting from 1920 and later (in 1927) with the Land

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Settlement Dept.; served as an inspector and land value assessor Ramallah (2005), as well as Acting Chairman of the Board of the Nab- from 1938-48, contributing to the British government’s exhaustive work lus Development and Promotion Co. (1998-2000) and Chairman of the Village Statistics 1945: A Classification of Land and Area Ownership Board of Directors of Al-Ufoq for Training and Childhood Development, in Palestine which brought to the world’s attention mandate records Nablus (1991-93), the Technical Development Corporation (1992-93), of Palestinian land ownership; went into exile following the Nakba of and the Palestine Industrial Estates and Free Zones Authority; worked 1948; worked in the Jordanian Land Authority from 1949-52; then as as economic advisor to the PM in 2004-05; has conducted and/or con- land specialist for the UN Conciliation Commission for Palestine in tributed to many studies and projects related to master planning, finan- New York, determining the extent of property left behind by Palestinian cial management, development, and accounting in Palestine. refugees; in 1959, helped open the Palestinian Information Office in the US; worked in the Arab League offices in New York and Dallas in the 1960s; served as Director of the IPS in Beirut from 1960 until his retirement; then moved to Toronto, Canada, in the 1970s; his book Bitter HADDAD, WADI‘ (ABU HANI) (1927-1978) Harvest: a Modern History of Palestine (first published in 1989) is a valuable reference on the Palestinian question; he also wrote Palestine Born in Safad in 1927 to a Greek Orthodox - Loss of a Heritage (1963), and Palestinian Rights and Losses in 1948 family; educated in Haifa; became a refugee (1988); died in 2004. during the 1948 Nakba; graduated in Medi- cine from the AUB in 1952; established to- gether with a clinic for poor in Amman; worked with UNRWA HADDAD, AMIN (1956-) in 1956; participated in the establishment of the ANM; was arrested by Jordan in 1957 and H Born in Nablus on 13 Dec. 1956; worked as imprisoned for three years; went to in Assistant Researcher at the Arab Studies 1961; took up commando action from 1963; Society in Jerusalem from 1980-82, while was a founding member of the PFLP in 1967; and directly involved in also studying at An-Najah University, Nab- planning the first PFLP hijacking in July 1968 of an jet; considered lus, graduating with a BA in Accounting and the key organizer of other hijackings; after 1970, was Business Administration in 1982; worked at heavily criticized by the PFLP and left to form a new group to continue Najah National University, teaching at the operations (the PFLP - External Operations); was expelled from the College of Economics and as Administrative PFLP following the Entebbe operation of June 1976; died in East Ger- Secretary from 1982-83; went to the US to many of leukemia on 28 March 1978; died in of leukemia continue his studies and received an MBA on 28 March 1978. in Accounting from Angelo State University, Saint Angelo, Texas, in 1985, and a DBA in Accounting and Finance from Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, USA, in 1989; worked also as Assistant to the Director of the Budget Office at the Southern HAJ AHMAD, ABDUL AZIZ (1943-) Illinois University from 1986-89; became Assistant Professor in the Ac- counting and Finance Dept. of the College of Business and Industry, Born in Salama, near Jaffa, in 1943; studied University of Massachusetts at North Dartmouth, in 1989-90; returned Dentistry at Alexandria University, graduating to Palestine and joined An-Najah University’s College of Economics and in 1965; became a Fateh affiliate; worked as Administration as Assistant Professor and Chairman of the Accounting a dentist in Ramallah; was Head of the Pales- Dept. from 1990-93; coordinated the Multilateral Working Groups and tinian Dentists’ Association in Ramallah until Technical Committees from Orient House during 1992-94 and was the his deportation by Israel on 26 March 1976 Technical Head of the Palestine economic negotiating team for the Paris prior to the municipal elections in the West Protocol, during 1993-94; during 1993-94, also worked as Director of the Bank; PNC member since 1976; served as Aid Coordination and Facilitation Dept. at PECDAR; served on the Mu- Board member of the Palestinian National nicipal Council of Nablus from 1994-99; from 1995-99, joined PADICO, Fund in Amman from 1977-81; also practiced first as Assistant CEO and Chief Investment Officer in Nablus (1995-97), dentistry in Amman and was elected Head of then as Managing Director of the Palestine Industrial Estate Develop- the Jordanian Dentists’ Association for two terms from 1980-84; member ment & Management Co. (1997-98), and as Chief Officer for Corporate of the PLO Central Council since 1980; was elected Vice-Chairman of Communication and PR (1998-99); was also member of the Board of Di- the Jordanian Dentists’ Union for many terms until 2003; Sec.-Gen. of the rectors of the Palestinian Monetary Authority (PMA) from 1996-99; then Vocational Associations Federation in Amman from 1988-91; returned to served as Deputy Governor of the PMA and deputy Chairman of the Palestine on 30 April 1993; served as Chairman of the Palestinian Health Board of Directors from 1999-2000, as Acting Governor in 2001, and as Council in the West Bank and Gaza Strip from 1993-94; was appointed Governor and Chairman of the Board of Directors from 2002-05; found- PA Minister of Transportation in 1994 until his resignation in June 1996; ing member of the Palestine Plastic Co. in Nablus, member of the Pales- served as Consultant for the PA Ministry of Health from Aug. 1998; was tine Development Fund (1998-2005), and Steering Committee member appointed as an adviser to PA Pres. Mahmoud Abbas in 2005. of the Hisham Adib Hijawi Scientific Award, Amman (1998-99) and the Development of Palestine IT and Hi-Tech Industry (1999-2000); was a member of the Board of Directors of the Palestine Industrial Investment Co., Nablus (1995-98), the Nablus Industrial Incubator (1996), the Pal- estine Poultry Co., Nablus (1998), and the Palestine Development Fund,

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AL-HAJ IBRAHIM, ABDUL RAHMAN RASHID (1911-1953) HALABI, USAMA (1959-)

Born in Haifa in 1911; studied at An-Najah Born in Daliyat Al-Karmel in 1959; studied College in Nablus; then took private lessons Law at the Hebrew University in Jerusalem, in political economy, business, accounting, graduating with an LLB in 1982 and an LLM engineering, electricity and radio; served as in 1987; became a member of the Israeli Bar Director of the Arab Agricultural Bank in Acre Association in 1987; worked as a senior law- from 1934-37; then Director of the Arab Bank yer at the Quaker Legal Aid and Information in Haifa until 1940; became Dir.-Gen. of the Center in East Jerusalem (QLAC); contin- Cigarette Company in Haifa; was a prominent ued his studies and earned an LLM in Inter- leader in Haifa; organized a meeting in 1946 to establish a branch of national Legal Studies from the Washington the Arab Fund in Haifa aiming to protect Arab Land from Zionism; died College of Law at the American University in 1953. in Washington DC in 1991; returned to Jeru- salem and worked in a private practice from Sept. 1996; handles human and civil rights related cases, incl., inter alia, restrictions on movement and travel, residency rights in East Jerusalem, land confiscation and AL-HAJ IBRAHIM, RASHID (1891-1953) town planning in the West Bank and Jerusalem; has been defending minors in Israeli Juvenile Courts since 1998; founding member of the Born in Haifa in 1891; received his early educa- Arab Cultural Association in Nazareth in 1998 and Board member until tion in Palestine; worked for the Hijaz rail road; 2001; founding member of Mada Al-Carmel, Arab Center for Applied was a member of the Istiqlal Party, founded Social Research in Haifa in 2000; serves as a legal advisor for various H in 1932; was known for his partnership with non-profit organization; acted as legal expert for the UNDP from April- Sheikh Izz Eddin Al-Qassam; activist in Aug. 2003; has published several studies on legal issues, among them, the 1936 Revolt; was among the Palestinian more recently, The Legal Status of Jerusalem and Its Arab Inhabitants notables invited by Egyptian PM Mohammed (Institute for Palestine Studies, Beirut, 1997, Arabic), as well as The Mahmoud Pasha to discuss and modify the Jerusalem Arab Municipality, by PASSIA, in December 1993), Revok- British White Papers (following the London ing Permanent Residency: a Legal Review of Israeli Policy (Jerusalem Conference in 1939); died in Amman in 1953 Quarterly File, summer 2000), and Israel’s Land Laws as a Political Tool and was buried in Damascus; his biography –Confiscating and Appropriating Palestinian Arab Lands and Creating was written and published by Prof. Walid Khalidi (IPS, Beirut, 2006). Physical and Legal Barriers in order to Prevent Future Property Restitu- tion (Working Paper, Badil Resource Center for Palestinian Residency & Refugee Rights, Bethlehem, Dec. 2004).

HALABI, SAMIA (1936-)

Born in Jerusalem on 12 Dec. 1936; during the 1948 Nakba, her family was displaced to HALAWANI, RULA (1964-) Beirut, from where the family emigrated to Born in Jerusalem in 1964; received a BA the USA; graduated from the University of Advanced in Math and Photography from Cincinnati, Ohio, with a BSc in Design (1959), the University of Saskatchewan, Canada, in from Michigan State University with an MA in 1989; works as freelance photojournalist for Painting (1960) and from Indiana University the Snenska Dagbladet, Sweden and the US- with an MA in Fine Arts in Painting (1963); based Middle East Report since 1990; shot taught in American universities for 18 years, portraits of political leaders for John Walach’s incl. Indiana University, University of Hawaii, book The New Palestinians in 1992; worked Kansas City Art Institute, University of Michigan, Yale University School for Sygma Agency from 1993-94, then for Reuters from 1995-99; from of Art, University of South Florida, and The Cooper Union for the Ad- 1998-2000, Director and teacher of photography workshops at Al-Ma’mal vancement of Science and Art, New York; has also lectured as visiting Foundation for Contemporary Art, East Jerusalem; continued her studies artist at many schools; her painting style is based on abstraction and its and earned an MA in Photographic Studies from the University of West- relationship to nature and reality; added electronic media to her art work minster, London, UK in 2001; founder of the Photography Dept. at Birzeit in the 1980s; was visiting artist at Birzeit University in 1997; helped the University in 2001, where she also teaches since; received many awards, PA Ministry of Culture in the area of teaching arts, incl. teaching courses incl. from KODAK, Canada (1988), from International Mother Jones, San and conducting workshops at the Universities of Birzeit and An-Najah, Francisco, the award of the Palestinian Journalist Union (1993), and of Nablus, as well as at cultural centers such as the Wasiti Center in the the PA Ministry of Culture & Arts (1996); her exhibitions include Nega- late 1990s; conducted a creativity project for Palestinian art students in tive Incursion (Art Car Museum, USA, 2003) and Jerusalem: The Warm June 2003 at the International Center in Bethlehem; has exhibited her Light Still There (The Museum of the city of Rome, 2002); has exhibited work internationally and in numerous museums, incl. Guggenheim Mu- her works internationally, most recently at the Art Car Museum, Texas, seum, the Art Institute of Chicago, and l’Institut du Monde Arabe. USA (2003), the Khalil Sakakini Cultural Center, Ramallah (2004), the Noorderlicht Photo Festival, Leeuwarden, Holland (2004), the Fotografie Forum International, Frankfurt, Germany (2004), and the 7th Sharjah Bi- ennial, Sharjah, UAE (2005).

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HALLAJ, MOHAMMED (1932-) from 1958-63 and the worked with Ralph M. Parson Co. of Pasadena, California, in 1963; did his Graduate Studies in Mechanical Engineer- Born in Qalqilya in 1932; PhD in Political Sci- ing at the University of California, Los Angeles, from 1963-64; worked ence from the University of Florida (1966); as Technical Advisor for the Jordan Development Board from 1963-67, taught at the Florida’s Jacksonville University specializing in fertilizers, phosphates and potash; returned to Palestine until 1970, then at the University of Jordan, in 1967 and invested in various entrepreneurial projects in the West Amman, from 1970-75; returned to Palestine Bank and Jerusalem; started the first pharmaceutical company in Pal- and became a Professor at Birzeit University estine in 1970; also established a feed mill in the West Bank, a stone from 1975-81, also serving as Dean of the factory in the 1960s, a salt project, and a refinery; co-founder of the Faculty of Arts, and later as Vice-Pres. of the university; left to the US for AIC Star Detergent Factory in Ramallah in 1973-74; established the a sabbatical at Harvard University in 1981; was denied a work permit in daily An-Nahar newspaper in 1986 and served as its editor until May the West Bank by Israeli authorities and settled in the US; published the 1995; devotes his time to his various investment and entrepreneurial magazine Palestine Perspectives from 1983-91; Director of the Center projects in the West Bank. for Policy Analysis on Palestine, Washington, DC; was appointed to the PNC in 1991; served as head of the Palestinian delegation to the Multi- lateral Talks on Refugees following the 1991 Madrid Conference; Board member of PICCR; critical of the Oslo Accords and the PLO leadership; HAMAD, ABDUL RAHMAN (1944-) has written numerous articles on Palestine and (co-)authored a number of books, incl. Palestine: The Suppression of an Idea (1983), Palestine Is Born in Beit Hanoun, Gaza, in 1944; re- but Not in Jordan (1983), and A Profile of the Palestinian People (1990). ceived a BA in Electrical Engineering from Alexandria University, Egypt, in 1967, and H an MSc. and PhD in Electrical Engineer- ing from Wisconsin University in 1972 and AL-HALLAJ, MUSTAFA (1938-2002) 1975, respectively; worked as engineer and reconstruction specialist in Tripoli, Libya Born in Salame, Jaffa, in 1938; was also , from 1968-71; then Assistant Professor known as Sheikh Al-Fannanin (‘The Master in Control and System Engineering at the of Artists’); after the 1948 Nakba, ended up Technology University in Baghdad from 1976-80, and Dean Assistant with his family in Damascus; completed his for Academic Affairs in Control and System from 1979-80; joined the higher studies in 1964; studied Sculpture at Electrical Engineering Dept. at Birzeit University as Assistant Profes- the College of Fine Arts in Cairo; attended sor in 1980 (until 1984) and head of Dept. from 1982-84 and again from the Luxor Atelier for Postgraduate Studies; 1989-91; then Dean of the Engineering Faculty at Birzeit from 1991- his art included paintings, graphics, murals, 94; was a Palestinian delegate to the negotiations in Washington in illustrations, cover designs and etchings; specialized in graphic art and the early 1990s; worked with PECDAR as Dir.-Gen. for Projects during sculpture and was called by some critics “icon of contemporary Arab 1994-96; served as Vice-Chairman of the Palestinian Housing Council graphic arts;” lived in Beirut and Damascus; contributed to define fan al- and as Vice-Chairman of the Board of Arab Corporation for Techni- muqawama (the art of resistance); lost 25,000 of his prints in the Israeli cal Development; Chair of the Palestinian Energy Authority from Feb. attacks on Beirut in 1982 but managed to save the wood and masonry 1995; was elected to the PLC (Fateh) for the Jabalia district in the Jan. cuts he used to make them; was a founding member of the trade union 1996 elections; was appointed Minister of Housing in 1996-2002; ap- committee of the General Union of Palestinian Writers and Journalists, pointed PA Minister of Natural Resources and Energy on 9 June 2002 and a member of the Managing Committee of the General Union of (until April 2003); Chairman of the Board of Directors in the Gaza Elec- Palestinian Abstract Artists in Syria; laid the foundation for an art gal- tricity Distribution Corporation; Vice-Chairman of the Board of Trustees lery, which opened in the memory of Naji Ali in 1987 in Damascus; his of Al-Azhar University, Gaza; was a member (without portfolio) in the famous Self-Portrait as God, the Devil, and Man was inspired by an- PA’s Oct. 2003 Emergency Govt.; was appointed Minister of Housing cient Canaanite legends, folk tales, and Palestinian cultural icons, and & Public Works in the cabinet of PM Ahmed Qrei’a of Nov. 2003 (until is a sequence of pictorial narratives which had reached 114 meters at the cabinet reshuffle in Feb. 2005). the time of his death, summarizing the history of the Palestinian people from 11th Century BC to the present; won several local and interna- tional awards and prizes; died in Dec. 2002 in Damascus, while trying HAMAD, JAMIL (1938-) to rescue his works from a fire that destroyed his studio; was buried in Al-Yarmouk Refugee Camp, Damascus. Born in Rafat in 1938; moved with his family to Bethlehem after the War of 1948; stud- ied Law and Journalism at Damascus Uni- versity from 1959-62; worked as freelance HALLAK, OTHMAN (1935-) journalist; co-founder, with Yousef Nasser, Born in Jerusalem on 5 May 1935; attend- and editor of Al-Fajr daily newspaper from ed St. George’s School in Jerusalem from 1972-74; from 1984, was West Bank Corre- 1941-52; then went to the US in 1953 to spondent for the Time Magazine from 1984; study Chemical Engineering at Ohio State received the Overseas Press Club Award in University, graduating with a BSc in 1958; 1985 in honor of the coverage of the assas- worked as a Process Engineer with the sination of Israeli PM ; was joint winner of the Henry R. Hercules Powder Co., Radford, Virginia Luce Award for reporting on the in April 2002.

79 PALESTINIAN PERSONALITIES H

HAMAMI, JAMIL ABDUL RAHMAN ABDUL KARIM (1952-) HAMAYEL, ABDUL FATTAH (1950-)

Born in Ma’an, Jordan, in 1952; fam- Born in Kufr Malik in 1950; attended Mili- ily moved to Jerusalem in 1953; graduated tary College in Baghdad; Fateh member from Al-Aqsa Secondary Religious School and activist, for which he was imprisoned in Jerusalem in 1973; worked as Imam at for 17 years in Israeli jails; released in a the Birzeit mosque; studied Shari’a and Law prisoner exchange in 1985 but re-impris- at Al-Azhar School, Egypt, graduating in oned in 1990 and deported to Jordan in 1977; was a member of the Muslim Brother- 1992; has published Lullabies Behind hood; joined Ein Shams University to study Bars, a collection of Arabic poetry written towards his MA in 1982 but had to return while in prison; was allowed to return to Palestine in 1994; served as to Palestine without having completed his Fateh Sec.-Gen. in the Ramallah district; was elected PLC member studies for political reasons; worked as a (Fateh) for the Ramallah constituency in the Jan. 1996 elections; was a teacher in Al-Aqsa Secondary Religious School, Jerusalem from 1979- member of the PLC Interior and the Budget and Financial Affairs Com- mittees; became a Minister of State without portfolio in the cabinet of 81; co-founder and Director of Dar Al-Hadith in Al-Aqsa Mosque in PM Mahmoud Abbas on 30 April 2003 (until Oct. 2003); ran unsuc- 1979; founded the Society of Islamic Sciences and Cultural Committee cessfully in the 2006 PLC elections (Independent, Ramallah district). in 1984 and serves as its Secretary since; Director of the Waqf in Beth- lehem from 1985-87, then worked as assistant to the Dean of Islamic Research at the Waqf from 1987-97; was one of the founders of in 1987; was arrested by Israel three times for membership of Hamas: HAMAYEL, ABDUL JAWAD SALEH ATTA (known as: SALEH, ABDEL H first in 1988 (imprisoned for 20 months), then in 1990 on his way back JAWAD) (1931-) from the US (detained for 20 months), and in Feb. 1995 (detained for six months for incitement against the Oslo Accords); went to Cairo and Born in Al-Bireh on 3 Dec. 1931; studied Eco- Sudan in 1995 to participate in meetings between the PA and Hamas; nomics at the AUC, graduating with a BA in then took a different position from Hamas in the run-up to the Jan. 1996 1955; while studying, was active in the Ba’ath PLC elections, over which he left the movement completely; became Party until resignation in 1957 following the researcher at the Center for Islamic Research at Al-Quds University refusal of the party to evaluate its failure in from 1997-2003, where he also worked as a lecturer and pursued his the Jordanian elections of 1956; taught in MA in Islamic Studies, graduating 2003; coordinator of the Religious Jerusalem in 1956 and in Libya from 1958- Studies Unit at PASSIA since 1998; currently works as lecturer of Is- 62; worked in business upon his return to lamic Culture at Al-Quds University and volunteers as Executive Direc- Palestine to ensure his independence; was tor of Al-Iman Secondary Schools in Jerusalem. elected mayor of Al-Bireh in 1967 prior to the June War; deported by Israel to Jordan for his strong role in creating and leading the PNF on 10 Dec. 1973; independent member of the PLO Cen- tral Council and the PNC from 1974; served on the PLO-Exec. Commit- tee and became head of the Office for Home Affairs in Beirut; moved to HAMAMI, SAID (1941-1978) Amman in 1981; headed the Jerusalem Center for Development Studies Born in Jaffa in 1941; was forced to flee with in Amman; returned to the OPT in April 1993 and decided to become a his family to Amman during the 1948 Nakba; farmer; was elected to the PLC as an independent in the Ramallah dis- received a BA in English Literature from Da- trict in the Jan. 1996 elections; was appointed PA Minister of Agriculture mascus University in 1964; worked as a jour- for two years, but resigned over criticism of Yasser Arafat’s practices nalist and teacher; became a member of the in Aug. 1998; among the 20 signatories of a public statement titled “A Ba’ath Party and editor-in-chief of its news- Cry from the Homeland”, criticizing the “tyranny, corruption, humiliation paper Ittihad Al-Ummal (Labor Union); joined and abuse of the Palestinian people” by the PA in late Nov. 1999; among Fateh in 1967 and worked for some time with his publications: Israeli Policy of De-Institutionalization: A Case Study of Al-’Asifa; was elected Fateh delegate to the Palestinian Local Government (Amman, 1987), The Collective Destruc- PNC in Feb. 1969; after the 1970 Black September events, moved to tion of Palestinian Villages and Zionist Colonization (1882-1982) (with Lebanon, where he continued his political work; was elected Fateh del- Walid Mustafa, London/Amman, 1987), and Israel’s Deportation Policy: The Human, Legal and Political Ramifications (Amman, 1993). egate to the Arab League office in 1972; was appointed as the PLO’s first delegate to the UK (officially as head of the Arab League’s Palestin- ian Information Office) from 1972; published articles in the Times in late 1973, calling for mutual Israeli-Palestinian recognition; met MK Uri Avin- HAMAYEL, SALEH ABDUL JAWAD SALEH (known as: ABDEL eri in 1974, marking the first ever meeting between an Israeli MK and JAWAD, SALEH) (1952-) a PLO leader; supported the notion of a Palestinian state in the 1967 territories through negotiations (two-state solution); was assassinated Born in Al-Bireh in 1952; son of Abdul Jawad on 4 Jan. 1978 in London; buried in Amman. Saleh Hamayel; joined the Palestinian na- tional movement in 1968; was imprisoned three times by Israeli authorities without tri- al; active in the PLO but has been critical of some of Chairman Yasser Arafat’s stances since 1971; studied at Cairo University and was active in both the GUPS and the Egyp-

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tian student movement, for which he was repeatedly imprisoned in 1972- the killing of a Jewish settler but the deportation was cancelled after an 73; graduated with a BA in Political Science in 1974; shifted his political intervention of PM Rabin in Aug. that year; was among those deported positions in the mid-1970s from believing in armed struggle to believing in to Marj Az-Zuhour, South Lebanon, in Dec. 1992; strongly opposed institutionalization and non-violent resistance; continued his studies and Oslo; was arrested by the PA in 1999 and detained for two months; lost received an MA (1979) and PhD (1986) in Political Science from Paris X- a son, Hussam, during the on 7 Aug. 2002; Imam of Nanterre University; works as Professor of History and Political Science Ar-Rahma Mosque in Khan Younis. at Birzeit University since 1981; served as Director of Birzeit’s Research Center from 1994-97; was a researcher and Visiting Professor at vari- ous international academic institutions, incl. the French National Center for Social Research (1989), the Free University, Brussels (1990), the Ori- HAMDAN, OSAMA (1965-) ent Institute, Hamburg (1990), the Vilanova University, Pennsylvania (Ful- bright Fellow, 1998), the Pantheon, Paris (2003), the French Maison des Born in East Albatani, Al-Majdal (Ashqelon) Sciences de L’Homme (2003), and Harvard University (2004); emphasizes in 1965 to a refugee family that had fled in the term “Sociocide” in understanding the Israeli policies in the OPT, refer- 1948 and settled in Al-Burj RC, Gaza; com- ring to the pressures of destruction, Judaization and expulsion imposed pleted his high school in Kuwait in 1982; en- on the Palestinian people; spoke out against the militarization of the sec- rolled at Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan, ond Palestinian Intifada in 2000; specialized in the Palestinian Question, graduating with a BA in Chemistry in 1986; the Arab-Israeli conflict and the documentation of Palestinian collective was an activist within the Islamic student memory; among his books are: The Israeli Assassination Policy in the movement at the university from 1982-86; Aqsa Intifada (JMCC, Dec. 2001) and Palestinians and the Historiography went back to Kuwait after graduating and of the 1948 War (Muwatin, 2005). worked in the industrial sector until the Iraqi H invasion to Kuwait in 1990; worked at the Hamas office in Tehran as assistant to then Hamas representative Imad Alami from 1992-93; became Hamas’ official representative in HAMDALLAH, RAMI (1958-) Tehran in 1994, serving in that post until 1998, when he was appointed as Hamas representative to Lebanon, a post he still holds; participated Born in Anabta, Tulkarem, on 10 Aug. 1958; in the Cairo dialogue between Palestinian factions in 2004 and served received a BA in English Language from as Hamas’ spokesperson at the talks; participated in most of the re- the University of Jordan, Amman, where he cent dialogue meetings between Hamas and European officials; is a studied from 1976-1980, and an MA in Lin- member of the Arab National Congress and of the Arab Islamic Confer- guistics from the University of Manchester, ence. of the Board of Trustees of the Jerusalem Institute in Lebanon; UK, in 1982; worked as a lecturer at the Eng- member of the Hamas politburo; was one of six senior Hamas leaders lish Dept. of An-Najah National University, named by US Pres. Bush in Aug. 2003 as Specially Designated Global Nablus, from 1982-85; continued his stud- Terrorists, freezing any assets in the US and prohibiting transactions ies and earned a PhD in Applied Linguis- with US nationals. tics from the University of Lancaster, UK, in 1988; returned and became Chair of the English Dept. at An-Najah Na- tional University (1988-92), then Dean of the Faculty of Arts (1992-95), and Academic Vice-Pres. for Humanities (1995-98); since 1998, Pres. HAMDAN, RABIHA DHIAB HUSSEIN (1954-) of An-Najah National University; member in important committees such as the Palestinian Constitution Committee and the Steering Committee Born in Durat Al-Qar’ near Ramallah on 25 of the Union of Islamic Universities; Vice-Pres. of the Mediterranean Dec. 1954; Fateh activist; first arrested by Is- Universities Group in Spain; member of the Palestinian-European- raeli authorities when she was 12 years old, American Universities Program of Academic Cooperation (PEACE), as followed by other imprisonment sentences whose Pres. he served from 2003-2005; member of the Council of the and house arrests; spent a total of some Palestinian Universities; Steering Committee member of the Council of seven years in prison; held various Fateh Arab Universities for Scientific Research; Vice-Pres. of the Palestin- positions while inside the prison; received ian Scientific Academy; Chairman of the Palestinian Stock Exchange a BA in Sociology/Social Work from Beth- Board; member of the Central Commission of the 1996 elections and lehem University (graduating after 25 years Sec.-Gen. of the 2005 Central Elections Committee. following imprisonment and house arrests); member of the Palestinian university student leadership and of different Fateh committees; Chairperson of the Union of Women Committees for Social Work; Board member of the Women’s Affairs Technical Commit- HAMDAN, AHMED NIMR (SHEIKH) (1940-) tees and the GUPW; member of the founding commission of the Pal- estinian Prisoners’ Club; member of the PLO, the PNC, and the Fateh Born in 1940 to a family from Bashit village, Revolutionary Council; participates in different Women’s activities both near Ramleh; became with his family refugee locally and internationally; Dir.-Gen. in the PA Ministry of Youth; was during the 1948 Nakba, ending up in Khan elected as PLC member (Fateh list) in the Jan. 2006 elections. Younis; founding member of Hamas; was re- peatedly placed in administrative detention by Israel, incl. for one year in 1990; was slated for expulsion by Israel in Jan. 1992 following

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HAMMAD, TAWFIQ (1860-1934) HAMSHARI, MAHMOUD (1938-1973)

Born in Nablus in 1860; among the found- Born in Umm Khaled (re-named by the Jew- ers of Al-Jam’iyyah (the Society) bloc led ish Agency as Netania) in 1938; received his by Sheikh Abbas Al-Khammash, which secondary education in Tulkarem, then moved worked for social equality; also worked as to Kuwait and Algeria where he worked as a a calligrapher; served as mayor of Nablus school teacher; joined Fateh; became a PLO from 1902-08; was elected representative of leader; moved to France in the 1960s, serving Nablus in the Commissioner Ottoman Parlia- as Fateh representative; was bombed in his ment (Commissioner Council); Chairman of house in Paris on 8 Dec. 1972 by the Israeli the MCA in Nablus; elected member to the (the operation was supervised by ex- Palestinian delegation to London in 1921; at- Israeli Minister of Information Aharon Yariv); died of his injuries a month tended the Palestinian-Syrian Conference in later on 9 Jan. 1973. Geneva in 1921; attended the Islamic conference in Jerusalem in 1931; was the founder of the Arab Hospital in Nablus; died in 1934.

HAMUDEH, YAHYA (1908-2006)

HAMMAMI, REMA (1960-) Born in Lifta in 1908; attended Ar-Rashidi- yyeh School in Jerusalem; studied at the Law Born in Daharan, Saudi Arabia, in 1960; re- Institute in Jerusalem, then at the AUB, grad- H ceived a BA in Political Science from the Uni- uating with a Law degree; worked as a lawyer versity of Cincinnati in June 1983 and an MA in Jerusalem and was active in the 1936 and in Cultural Anthropology from Temple Uni- 1939 Revolts; was imprisoned several times versity, Philadelphia, in Aug. 1984; worked by the British authorities for his political ac- as Research Supervisor and was Steering tivities; fled to Ramallah following the 1948 Committee member of the Women’s Affairs War; was a member and representative of Research and Training Center in Nablus from the Communist Party; served as head of the 1990-91; joined FAFO in 1991 as Academic Palestinian Refugee Congress in the early 1950s; could not return to Consultant/Researcher (until 1993) and Director of Field Research in Palestine after the 1967 War and lived in Amman; became Chairman Gaza from 1991-92; was co-founder and Research Coordinator of the of the PLO in 24 Dec. 1967, when Ahmed Shuqeiri resigned from the Gaza chapter of the Women’s Affairs Research and Training Center post; his mandate was extended by the 4th PNC in Cairo in July 1968; from 1991-92 and its Executive Director from 1993-94; was Steering attempted unsuccessfully to unite the PLO and the guerrilla groups; held Committee member of the Bisan Center for Research and Development the post of PLO Chairman until Feb. 1969; was elected at the 5th PNC from 1991-93 and of the Women’s Affairs Technical Committees from in Cairo in Feb. 1969 as Chairman of the PNC and as its Speaker at the 1992-94; served on the Advisory Board on Palestinian Women NGOs 6th PNC in Cairo in Sept. 1969; was opposed to the PLO departure from of the World University Service, UK, from 1992-95; studied at the same Amman/Jordan following the 1970 Black September events; continued time towards her PhD in Cultural Anthropology, which she received from working as lawyer and became Chairman of the Jordanian Bar Associa- Temple University in Aug. 1994; worked as Assistant Professor of An- tion; died in Amman on 16 June 2006. thropology at Birzeit University from 1994-96, then became Research Coordinator of the MA Program in Gender, Law and Development of Birzeit’s Institute of Women’s Studies as well as Program Chairperson from 1996-2004; serves on the Editorial Board of the Middle East Report HANANIA, GHAZI (1945-) since 1996 and of the Jerusalem Quarterly File since 1998; is a partici- pant in the Palestinian-Israeli Academic Discussion Group (PALISAD) Born in Ramallah on 3 Aug. 1945 to a Chris- since 1997; was Visiting Scholar at the Women’s Studies Institute at New tian family; attended Al-Ahliyeh School, Ra- York University in 1998; participated in the Faculty for Israeli-Palestin- mallah, and the Coptic School in Jerusalem; ian Peace (PFIPP) from 2001-04; member of the Institute for Jerusalem head of the School Student Union from 1961- Studies since 1995, the Jerusalem Center for Legal Aid and Counsel- 63; moved to the Studiumkolleg in Frankfurt, ing since 1998, Muwatin since 2001, Greenpeace Mediterranean since Germany, to study German language from 2001, and Miftah since 2003; was Chair of the Birzeit University Right 1964-65, then enrolled at the University of to Education Committee from 2002-2004; co-chaired (with Dafna Golan Frankfurt, studying Medicine from 1966-71; from the Hebrew University) the Israeli-Palestinian-South African Con- Board member and Secretary of the GUPS; established with other pro- ference The South African Transition: Lessons for the Israeli-Palestinian fessionals the Palestinian Doctors’ Union and the Palestinian Red Cres- Conflict at the Human Sciences Research Council, Cape Town, in April cent in Cairo in 1969; established and headed the Palestinian Red Cres- 2003; holder of the Prince Klaus Chair in Development and Equity at the cent Society in Germany (until 1972); returned to Palestine and opened Institute of Social Studies, The Hague, in 2005; has published numer- a private clinic in Ramallah in 1972; established with other professionals ous papers and articles in the field of gender, anthropology, civil society the Patient’s Friends Society and became its Secretary in 1977; serves and politics, as well as co-edited Annotated Bibliography on Palestinian as Chairman of the Board of the Patient’s Friends Society since 1982; Women (with Pari Baumnann; Jerusalem: Arab Thought Forum, 1991) established and still heading the first traumatic rehabilitation center for and The Socio-Economic Bases of Palestinian Opinion Formation (with Intifada Injuries (Abu Rayya Rehabilitation Center) in Ramallah in 1990; Nader Izzat; Nablus, CPRS, 1997). Board Member of the Arab Care Medical Services since 1990; member

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of the Palestinian Health Council and the Union of Ramallah People administrator in Gaza and as more pragmatic than other Hamas lead- since 1992; Chairman of the Board of the Union of Ramallah People ers; has acted as Hamas’ go-between with the PA; was involved in the since 1994; member of the PLO Central Council; elected member of the summer 2003 hudna talks with other Palestinian factions and the PA; PLC (Fateh) for the Ramallah district (Christian quota) in the Jan. 1996 survived an assassination attempt by Israel while accompanying Sheikh elections; second deputy speaker of the PLC from 1998 until the 2006 Ahmad Yassin on 6 Sept. 2003; was elected as PLC member (number PLC electiosn; head of the Board of Trustees of the Ramallah Regional one on the Change and Reform list) in the Jan. 2006 elections and was Emergency and Trauma Center since 2001. subsequently elected as new Prime Minister; also serves as Minister of Youth and Sports.

HANIYEH, AKRAM (1953-)

Born in Ramallah in 1953; received a BA HANNA, ATALLAH (ARCHIMANDRITE THEODOSIOS) (1965-) in English Literature from the University of Cairo; worked as a journalist; worked for the Born in Rama, Upper Galilee in 1965 to a Jordanian Ash-Sha‘ab newspaper in Jeru- Christian family; began studying Greek in salem from 1976-79, then was its editor until Jerusalem after high school; then went to 1981; organizer for PLO activities in the West Greece to study theology at the recommen- Bank during the 1970s/early 1980s, for which dation of the previous Patriarch, Diodoros I; he was placed under house arrest by the Is- earned an MA in Theology from Thessaloni- raeli authorities from Aug. 1980 to mid-1981; ca University in 1991; returned to Jerusalem H worked in the Public Relations Dept. at Birzeit in the summer of 1991; received the title of University from 1981-84; served as Chairman Archimandrite (the rank of Bishop in West- of the Arab Journalists’ Union in the OPT from 1983-85; on 3 Nov. 1986, ern churches); in 1993, became spokesman was deported by Israel to Algeria via Geneva for “activities on behalf of and Director of the Patriarchate’s Arab Dept.; Fateh”; linked up with the PLO in Tunis and became an aid to Khalil Al- also worked as a teacher in local schools and Wazir; worked as PLO press representative in Tunis; was considered a lecturer in Christianity at the Haifa Arab Teachers’ College; renown for his link between the ‘outside’ leadership in Tunis and the inside’ leadership media appearances in which he focuses on Palestinian identity, which in the OPT; liaised between PLO Chairman Yasser Arafat and the media has gained him popularity among Arabs and angry reactions by the Is- during the 1991 Madrid peace talks; returned to Palestine in 1994; estab- raeli authorities; was arrested from his home in the Old City of Jerusalem lished Al-Ayyam newspaper in Ramallah in Dec. 1995 and serves as its and interrogated at the Russian Compound detention center (Al-Mosco- editor since; became a political advisor to Arafat as well as a member of biya) under allegations of “incitement” and visiting Syria and Lebanon; final status talks team; participated in the July 2000 Camp David talks and had his Israeli passport confiscated and was pressured to refrain from wrote a book about his experience, entitled The Camp David Papers (Ra- political activities; was on Dec. 2004 awarded the Jerusalem Prize by the mallah, 2000); Board of Trustees member of An-Najah University; writes PA Ministry of Culture (together with Sheikh Mohammed Hussein) as political essays and short stories; among his publications are Rites for part of the Palestine Cultural Prizes of 2000; in July 2002, was fired from Another Day (Arabic, 1986). his post as spokesman by Greek Patriarch of Jerusalem Irineos I who accused him of “supporting the Palestinian terrorism,” noting his rejection to sign a document condemning the Palestinian operations; was again briefly arrested and interrogated in 2002 and 2003; was a member of the HANIYEH, ISMAIL ABDUL SALAM (1962-) Constitutional Consultative Committee that worked on the third draft of the Palestinian constitution (published in March 2003); was active, suc- Born in the Shati RC, Gaza, in 1962 to refugee cessfully, in the de-thronement of Greek Orthodox Patriarch Irineos from parents from Al-Jora (near Asqalan); studied his post following charges of land sale belonging to the Greek Orthodox at UNRWA schools and the Azhar Institute in Church to Zionist settlers in 2005. Gaza; enrolled at the Arab Language Dept. of the Islamic University in Gaza in 1981 and graduated with a BA in Education in 1986; worked in the university’s Islamic Bloc from HANOUN, HILMI (ABU YOUSEF) (1913-2001) 1981; was a member of the university’s Stu- dent Council in 1983-84 and its elected head Born in Jaffa in 1913 to a family from Tulka- in 1985-86; was a close associate of Sheikh Ahmad Yassin; joined rem; nephew of Yousef Heikal; was raised in Hamas, for which he was arrested and imprisoned by Israel for 18 days Jaffa and Tulkarem; graduated from the AUB in 1987 and for six months in 1988; was arrested again after his release with a BA in Commerce in 1934; worked in and sentenced to three years in prison in May 1989 (together with Sheikh Jaffa in the citrus marketing business; was a Ahmad Yassin); served as member and Sec. of the Board of Trustees member of the Jaffa Chamber of Commerce; of the Islamic University, and as its Director of Administrative Affairs and co-founded Ash-Sha‘ab newspaper in Jaffa of Academic Affairs; was Chairman of the Islamic Society Club in Gaza in 1947 and served as its editor-in-chief; was from 1990-2000; was among the deportees to Marj Az-Zuhur, South unable to return to Jaffa after the 1948 Na- Lebanon, in Dec. 1992; following the release of Sheikh Ahmed Yassin in kba and lived in Tulkarem; was member of 1997, served as his top aide and bureau chief (until Yassin’s assassination the Palestinian National Party until 1956; in March 2004); Hamas politburo member; is considered Hamas’ main served on the Tulkarem City Council in 1961; became member of the

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first PNC in 1964; was elected mayor of Tulkarem on 27 Oct. 1963 and HASHIM, IHSAN SHAKER (1908-1976) re-elected on 23 April 1972; served as Board Director of Al-Fajr news- paper in Jerusalem; was co-founder of the Red Crescent Hospital and Born in Nablus in 1908; attended An-Najah Az-Zakat Committee in Tulkarem; was Board member of the Palestinian National School in Nablus, then at the Arab Housing Council; was the first person to publicly announce that the PLO College in Jerusalem; went to Beirut to study is the sole and official representative of the Palestinian people in the at the AUB, graduating with a BA in History early 1970s; was a founding member of the National Guidance Commit- and Political Science in 1928; returned to Je- tee in November 1978; became Honorary Chairman of a cultural sports rusalem and began his professional career club in Tulkarem; was placed under house arrest by the Israeli authorities as teacher at Al-Rashidiyeh School; then from 1980-82; opposed the Oslo Accords from the beginning; resigned worked in the British School Authority in Pal- from his mayoral position in 1998; died on 29 July 2001. estine and became a Political Secretary to the High Commissioner; served as District Governor in various cities from 1947-53, incl. in Jaffa, Nablus, Gaza, Lydda, Ramleh and Jerusalem; became Director HANOUN, SARA TAHER (1924-1998) of the Jordanian Broadcasting Service in Amman in 1953; was appointed as Under-Secretary to the Foreign Ministry in Jordan in 1953-54, then Born in Tulkarem in 1924; completed her served as Ambassador in France (1954-56) and the UK (1958-59); was secondary education in Tulkarem; founded elected a member in the Jordanian Upper House in 1959; appointed as together with other women the Women’s Co- Governor of Jerusalem in 1960; served as Ambassador to India from in alition Club in Tulkarem in 1948; among the 1961-63; died in Jerusalem in Sept. 1976 and was buried in Nablus. founders of Al-Jihad Hospital (which later be- H came known as Al-Jihad Public Hospital) in 1948 and volunteered there for seven years; contributed in transforming the Women’s Co- AL-HASSAN, BILAL (1944-) alition Club into the Red Crescent Society af- ter 1955 (and was elected its Pres. in 1960); Born in Haifa in 1944; bother of Hani Al-Has- contributed in the organizing of a number of centers related to women, san & Khaled Al-Hassan; joined the ANM in literacy and other social services in the 1950s; founded a childbirth hos- Damascus and soon became a leader of the pital under the auspices of the Red Crescent Society in 1964; helped or- local branch after the 1961 break-up of the ganize a fund for university students after 1967; established a home for UAR; joined the first command structure of orphans and homeless children in 1981, and a kindergarten for working the Palestine Action Committee, which the women; founded another childbirth hospital in 1987; died in 1998. ANM established in Sept. 1964; also worked on the editorial board of Al-Hurriyya from 1965, calling for independent Palestinian ac- tion and attacks on Israel; became member HARB, AHMAD (1951-) of the politburo of the Popular Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PDFLP – later DFLP) after splitting Born in Al-Thahiriyyah, near Hebron, in from the PFLP in early 1969 and served as its first representative to the 1951; received a BA in English Language PLO Exec. Council in Sept. 1969; was member of the PLO team that ne- and Literature from the University of Jordan, gotiated with a Lebanese delegation in Egypt the ‘Cairo Agreement’ in Amman, in 1974, an MA in English Literature Nov. 1969, regulating mutual relations, incl. armed fedayeen presence from Roosevelt University, USA, in 1979, in Lebanon; left the PDF and PLO Exec. Committee in 1971; worked and a PhD in Comparative and English Lit- as an editor of Shu’un Filastiniyya and Al-Safir in Lebanon; created the erature from the University of Iowa, USA, PLO mouthpiece Al-Yom Al-Sabe’ in March 1984 in France; Founding in 1986; became an Associate Professor of Committee member of the Right of Return Congress of the Palestine English Literature at Birzeit University; later Right to Return Coalition (Al-Awda); serves as member of the Board of served as Dean at the university’s of the Directors of the Palestine Land Society; lives in France and works as an Faculty of Arts; worked also as novelist and writer and has published analyst and journalist, among others for the London-based Al-Hayat. several books, incl. The Other Side of the Promised Land (1990), and The Remains (1997); among the signatories of a communiqué to the public titles No Retreat from our National Goals, published on 20 Dec. 2001; member of the Birzeit University Council in 2004/05. AL-HASSAN, HANI (ABU TAREQ) (1937-)

Born in Haifa in 1937; brother of Khaled Al-Hassan & Bilal Al-Hassan; became HASHEM, MARIAM (1889-1948) a refugee after the Nakba of 1948, ending up in the Yarmouk camp near Damascus; Born in Nablus in 1889; had a leading role in joined the Muslim Brotherhood in the early the women’s movement in Nablus; founded 1950s; studied Engineering in the 1950-60s the Arab Women’s Union in Nablus in 1922; in Darmstadt and Munich, Germany; worked active in collecting donations for the Palestin- there via the GUPS in Europe and became ians revolutionaries and resistance to Zionist the elected President of GUPS in 1962 at a expansion; died in 1948. congress in Gaza; leader of many affiliated

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workers’ unions in the early 1960s; formed and led his own underground HASSASSIAN, MANUEL (1953-) commando group in Germany; joined Fateh in 1963 and committed his group to it; was Fateh’s main link in Europe from 1963 until 1967; founding Born in Jerusalem on 28 Dec. 1953 into an member of the PLO in 1964; member in the military council of Al-’Asifa Armenian family; was educated at the Frères forces from 1967-1970 and leader of its armed resistance from 1972-75; College in the Old City of Jerusalem; received in early 1970, served as regional head of Fateh in Jordan; helped opening a BA in Political Science from the AUB in 1975 PLO channels to China in the 1970s; became deputy of Salah Khalaf; and an MA in International Relations from from 1974, political aide to PLO Chairman Yasser Arafat; then political the University of Toledo, Ohio, USA, in 1976; representative to Tehran, becoming the first Palestinian representative to worked at the University of Bethlehem first as Iran, in 1979; member of the Fateh Central Committee since May 1980; a lecturer in Political Science from 1981-85; member of the PLO Central Council since the 1980s; PLO representative also served as Dean of Students at the Univer- in Amman in 1982; Chairman of the Saudi-Palestinian Joint Committee; sity of Bethlehem from 1983-91; continued his Chairman of the Palestinian side in the Palestinian-French Committee studies and earned a PhD in Political Science from 1985-91; played an important role in the Jordanian-Palestinian from the University of Cincinnati, USA, in 1986; is a member of the Arab agreement signed with King Hussein in 1985; led negotiations with the Association of Political Science since 1986 (executive member in 1987-88); Israeli government between 1986-88; was critical of the PLO’s stance in returned to the University of Bethlehem as Assistant Professor (1986-91), the 1990 Gulf Crisis, of the negotiation process with Israel, and of Ara- then Associate Professor (1991-98) of Political Science and International fat’s leadership style; among the Palestinian figures from various political Relations; was managing editor of the Bethlehem University Journal from backgrounds who met in Amman in Dec. 1994 to establish the Palestin- 1986-91, then editor-in-chief in 1992-93; also served as Dean of the Fac- ian Democratic Party; returned to Gaza in mid-Nov. 1995; member of the ulty of Arts and as Chairman of the Humanities Dept. from 1992-96; serves as Executive Vice-Pres. of Bethlehem University since 1996; was a con- Fateh Executive Committee; served as Arafat’s chief political adviser on H day-to-day matters, his special envoy and crisis manager; acted as head sultant to the Palestinian final status negotiating team on Refugees from of the PNC foreign relations committee from 1989-2004; appointed as 1997-99; consultant and Steering Committee member of the Orient House PA Interior Minister on 29 Oct. 2002 until April 2003; currently head of the in Jerusalem from 1997-2002 (serving also as head of the Jerusalem Task Fateh Mobilization and Organization bureau. Force at the Orient House Negotiations Affairs Dept.); represented the PLO in many second-track diplomacy meetings between 1997-2002; served also as tourism consultant to PECDAR (1997-98) and as consultant to the MOPIC and UNESCO (1997-98) and to the PA Higher Ministerial Commit- AL-HASSAN, KHALED (ABU SA’ID) (1928-1994) tee for Church Affairs (1998-2001); served as Pres. of the Rector’s Con- ference at the PA Ministry of Education from 1998-2003; was promoted Born in Haifa in 1928; eldest brother of Hani to the rank of Full Professor at Bethlehem University in Sept. 1999; Pres. Al-Hassan & Bilal Al-Hassan; fought in the of the PEACE (Palestinian-European-American-Education) program since struggle of 1947-48 and fled Haifa in its af- 2000; is member of the Editorial Board of various publications, incl. Poli- termath; became with his family refugee in tikon: South African Journal of Political Studies, Citizenship Studies (UK), Sidon, Lebanon; formed the short-lived com- Bulletin of Search for Common Ground (US), and Palestine-Israel Journal mando group Tahrir Filastin in 1949; worked (Jerusalem); has many times been visiting scholar, incl. at the University as a teacher in Damascus whilst attempting College of Dublin (1987), the Earlham College (1991-2000), and to the Uni- to organize groups; helped founding the Is- versities of Vermont (1991-2000), of Maryland (1994), of Villanova (1996), lamic Liberation Party in 1952; left, after be- and of Reims (1996/97); is a member of the Middle East Studies Associa- ing arrested in late 1952, to Kuwait; worked tion, the Arab-American University Graduates (AAUG), the Arab Associa- as a civil servant, typist, and later as Sec.- tion for Human Rights, the Copenhagen-based International Alliance for Gen. of the Municipal Council Board in Kuwait; was awarded Kuwaiti Peace (since 1997), and the International Consultative Group at the Center citizenship; had first contacts with Fateh in 1959, became member in for Strategic and International Studies, Washington, DC; Board member 1962; was named to and became the leader of the first Fateh Central of the Center for Democracy and Workers’ Rights, Ramallah, and Chair- Committee; was named to the PLO Exec. Committee in 1968 (until 1973) man of the Board of Trustees of Panorama Center, Ramallah; received and became later head of its Political Dept.; became head of the PNC’s an Honorary Doctorate from the University of Reims, France, in 1996, and Foreign Relations Committee after 1973 (first PLO ‘foreign minister’ and was nominated for the Gleitsman Middle East Award in 1998/99; was ap- was as such main architect of the PLO’s foreign policy); following the pointed to become the Palestinian representative to London in Oct. 2005; Oct. 1973 War, argued that the Palestinian struggle could continue with has published extensively in comparative and Middle East politics; among a state in the OPT; made an “unofficial” five-point proposal in April-May his books are Palestine Factionalism in the National Movement During the 1980, advocating Israel’s withdrawal from the OPT, deployment of UN Mandatory Period (Jerusalem: PASSIA, 1990), Political Opposition within forces, and work on arrangements for the creation of a Palestinian state the Palestine National Movement, 1919-1939 (Jerusalem: Al-Bayader, in the OPT; known as opponent to military means and advocator of dem- 1987); co-edited Citizenship and the State in the Middle East (Syracuse ocratic values; broke with the line of PLO Chairman Yasser Arafat line University Press, 2000). over positions on the 1990-91 Gulf Crisis and called in April 1991 for the election of a Palestinian provisional government capable of ending the PLO’s isolation; authored Grasping the Nettle of Peace (1992), advocat- ing a Swiss-style confederation in which citizens from Israel, the OPT and Jordan vote according to their canton, hence no recognition of the 1948 land taken by Israel; supported the Madrid formula but opposed the handling of the Oslo process; refused to join the PA; died in Rabat on 8 Oct. 1994 from cancer.

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HAWARI, MOHAMMED NIMR (1908-???) in inter-Palestinian dialogue to discuss latest developments and Pales- tinian unity in the last few years; has extensively written on issues re- Born in Nazareth in 1908 to a Bedouin fam- lated to the Palestinian cause, incl. The Palestinian Resistance and the ily from Al-Huwara in Galilee; attended local Arab Situation (Beirut, 1964), The Crisis of the Palestinian Resistance schools in Nazareth, then the Teachers’ Col- Movement - Analysis and Forecasts (Beirut, 1969), The Crisis of the lege in Jerusalem; worked from 1932-42 as PLO: Analysis and Criticism of the Roots and Solutions (1986), Oslo a school teacher; joined, at the same time, and the Other Balanced Peace (Damascus/Beirut, 1999), Beyond Oslo: the School of Law in Jerusalem, graduating Palestine, Where To? (Damascus/Beirut/Ramallah, 2000), The Intifada: as a lawyer; was close to Mufti Haj Amin Al- The Arabic-Israeli Conflict, Where To? (2001). Husseini; founded the Al-Najada movement in Haifa aiming to unite Arab youth in 1945; served as Commander of the Palestine Arab Youth Organization; tried to smuggle arms into Palestine from Egypt; HAZBOUN, GEORGE YOUSEF (1943-) wrote a book entitled Sirr An-Nakba (“The Secret Behind the Disaster”) (Nazareth, 1952); broke with Mufti Haj Amin Al-Husseini and attempted Born in Bethlehem on 31 Dec. 1943 to a Pal- to negotiate peace between Arabs and Jews in 1949; member, together estinian Christian Catholic family; became with Aziz Shehadeh, of the “unofficial” Palestinian delegation to the Lau- Secretary of the Bethlehem District Workers sanne conferences of the Palestine Conciliation Commission that took Union from 1965; studied towards a BA in place between April-Aug. 1949, where they appeared as “representatives Economy at the Beirut Arab University until of refugee camps”; opened a law office in Nazareth in the early 1950s; the War of 1967; was imprisoned by Israel 13 was later appointed a judge. times since 1967 and served a total of four and H a half years in Israeli jails; was active both on political and associational activities; founding member of the West Bank General Federation of Trade Unions in 1965, in charge of its International HAWATMEH, NAYEF (ABUL NOUF) (1938-) Relations from 1967-91, and its Vice-Secretary General from 1978-83; was Board Member of the Bethlehem Water Authority from 1976-83 and Born in Salt, Jordan, in Nov. 1938, to a Greek of the Jerusalem Electricity Company in 1977; served as deputy mayor Catholic Bedouin tribe; early education from of Bethlehem from 1983-97; was Chairman of the Center for Trade Union the Al-Hussein Secondary School in Amman; Rights in Jerusalem from 1988-93 and from 1994 in Bethlehem (after the joined the ANM at an early age; studied at the Jerusalem office was closed down by the Israeli authorities); PNC mem- University of Cairo Medicine, but for political ber since 1990; member of the Bethlehem Peace Center since the late reasons ceased his studies at the university 1990s; serves as Palestinian representative for the London-based inter- for 10 years; worked as a teacher, writer and national Center for Trade Union Rights; was appointed as Dir.-Gen. of the journalist in Jordan in 1955-56; resumed his PA Interior Ministry from 1997-2004; Board Member of the Bethlehem studies at, graduating with a BA in Philoso- Municipal Council from 1997-2005; works as free-lance researcher and phy and Psychology; later also earned a PhD from Moscow; went un- consultant; published a book on the history of Palestinian trade union derground in 1959 when the ANM became persecuted in Jordan; was movements from 1967-1990 (Jerusalem: UNDP, 1994). sentenced to death in absentia by Jordanian authorities; served as head of the ANM in Iraq until 1963 and in South Yemen from 1963-67; while in Iraq, was imprisoned for 14 months for taking part in the struggle against Abdel Karim Qassem; while in Yemen fought against British occupation HDEIB-QANNAM, SALWA KAYED (1958-) and for independence (about which he published a book entitled “The Crisis of the South Yemen Revolution”); returned to Jordan after 1967 Born in Jerusalem on 1 March 1958; re- and helped found the PFLP, of which he became one of the left-wing ceived a Higher Diploma in Nursing from the leaders; split and formed the leftist Popular Democratic Front for the St. John Ophthalmic College of Nursing in Liberation of Palestine (PDFLP; later known as DFLP) in Feb. 1969; be- London; worked as ophthalmic nurse at St. came and remained elected DFLP Chairman as well as the DFLP’s main John’s Hospital in Jerusalem from 1978 and representative to the PNC and the PLO Exec. Committee since; fought served as Chairperson of the Nursing Union, in Sept. 1970 against Jordanian forces for which he was wanted by Jor- Jerusalem, from 1979-84; also studied Law dan “dead or alive”; presented his ‘Transitional National Program’ to the at Beirut University from 1982-84; gained a PLO in 1973, calling for a two-state solution based on UN resolutions BA in Social and Family Development from and negotiations with the Israelis; known for early attempts to reach Al-Quds Open University in Abu Dis; continued working as ophthalmic dialogue and contact with Israeli leftist groups; in April 1974, issued the nurse until 2004; is a member of the Fateh Higher Committee; head of the first call by a Palestinian leader to all Israelis published in Israel’s Yediot Association of Women Committees for Social Work in Jerusalem; head Ahronot newspaper, and other papers, such as The Washington Post, of the Board of Trustees of the Jerusalem Center for Women; member of Le Soir, Le Monde and the An-Nahar; wrote several books on the Pal- the Women’s Affairs Technical Committees; Steering Committee member estinian resistance movement and other issues; exchanged a historical for the Project Women Engendering Peace Process; Chairperson of the handshake with Israeli Pres. Ezer Weizmann during the funeral of King Women Dept. and the Israeli Affairs Dept. of Fateh in Jerusalem; received Hussein in Feb. 1999; was involved in the inter-Palestinian dialogue on the 1994 Peace Award from the Israeli peace organization and the Award uniting Palestinian factions in Cairo in Aug. 1999; was denied entry into of Exemplary Employee from Queen Elizabeth of Great Britain 1998; be- the OPT in 1999 after stressing the Palestinian right to resort to armed came Sec.-Gen. in the PA Ministry of Women’s Affairs in Feb. 2004; re- struggle as well as the right of return in an radio interview; was involved ceived an MA in Israeli Studies from Al-Quds University in 2005.

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HEIKAL, YOUSEF (1907-1989) HIJAB, NADIA

Born in Jaffa in 1907; attended the Arab Col- Born in Aleppo, Syria, to Palestinian parents lege in Jerusalem; studied at Montpellier Uni- (father from Nablus, mother from Taybeh, versity in France, graduating with a Diploma Galilee); studied graduated English Literature in Criminal Sciences; continued his higher at the AUB, graduating with a BA in 1970 and education at the University of Paris and an MA in 1973; worked as a journalist with earned a PhD in Law in 1935; also received several publications; became editor-in-chief an honors degree from the London School of of the London-based Middle East Magazine Economics and Political Sciences in 1937; in 1981; moved to New York in 1989 to join became Director of the Waqf in Lydda in the UNDP, where she served as a senior de- 1938; was general inspector of the Waqf and Islamic schools; became velopment officer until 1999; also served as Pres. of the Association of mayor of Jaffa in 1945; was excluded from the Jaffa National Committee Arab American University Graduates in 1997; manages her own consul- because he was considered to be an enemy of the traditional supporters tancy firm Development Analysis and Communication Services (DACS) of Haj Amin Al-Husseini, and a supporter of King Abdullah; served as since 1999; was a co-founder of the US Campaign to End the Israeli Ambassador of Jordan in Washington, Paris, London and Taipei; was the Occupation in 2002; served as Exec. Director of the Washington-based Jordanian delegate at the UN; has written numerous articles and books, Jerusalem Fund for Education and Community Development and its edu- incl. The Palestine Question; died in 1989. cational program, the Palestine Center, in 2004; became a Senior Fellow at the IPS in 2005; her publications include Womanpower: The Arab De- bate on Women at Work (Cambridge, 1988).

HELLES, AHMED MOHAMMED SULEIMAN (ABU MAHER) (1952-) H

Born in Gaza in 1952; studied Arabic Litera- HIJJAWI, SULAFA (1934-) ture at Ein Shams University, Cairo, graduat- ing with a Licentiate in 1976; was early an ac- Born in Nablus in 1934; received a BA in tivist in the Fateh youth Ash-Shabiba; Fateh English Literature and an MA in Political Sec.-Gen. in Gaza (counterpart to Marwan Science from the University of Baghdad; Barghouthi on the West Bank); served as worked as a teacher; one of the editors of Director of the Workers’ Committee at the the Review of the Center for Palestinian College of Science and Technology in Khan Studies at Baghdad University from 1974- Younis; member of the High Council for Ref- 1980; later moved to Tunis, where she ugee Camps set up in Dec. 1997 by Pres. Yasser Arafat; lost a son, worked in translation, especially of Pales- Mohammed (17 years) during clashes with Israeli forces in Gaza in Feb. tinian poetry into English; has edited and 2004; was closely Involved in the inter-factional meetings in Gaza in translated Poetry of Resistance in Occu- 2004/05; member of the PLO Central Council, the Fateh Revolutionary pied Palestine (Iraqi Ministry of Culture and Council and the Fateh Mobilization and Organization bureau. Guidance, 1969) and David Sinclair’s Edgar Allan Poe (into Arabic); her own writings include political articles published in Arabic newspapers and a collection of her prose poems Palestinian Songs (1977).

HIDMI, ARAFAT (1932-)

Born in Jerusalem in 1932; received a GCE from the Friends’ Boys School on 1950; studied HILAL, JAMIL (1940-) Medicine at Cairo University, graduating with Born in Bethlehem in 1940; received a BA in a M.B.B.Ch. in 1959; returned and worked as Sociology and Philosophy from the Univer- senior physician in the Internal Medicine and sity of Hull, UK, in 1963, and an M.Lit. in So- Cardiology Dept. of Augusta Victoria Hospital, ciology and Anthropology from the University Jerusalem, from 1959-62; then as Director of of Durham, UK, in 1969; worked from 1966- Preventive Medicine from 1962-65; moved to 69 also as a Research Fellow in Sociology of work with UNRWA in Jerusalem, first serving as Deputy Chief of Health and the Middle East at the Dept. of Social Theory Director of Medical Services (from 1965-86), then as Chief of Health Servic- and Institutions; lecturer in Sociology, Dept. es (1986-97); continued his studies at Aberdeen University, UK, and earned of Social Theory and Institutions, Durham a Diploma in Health Management in 1989 and one in Health Economics in University, from 1969-71; then lecturer at 1996; since 1997, works as independent consultant for Health Care Man- the Center of Urban Studies, University College, London, from 1971-72; agement; serves as Board of Trustees member at the Princess Basma Cen- became Senior Research Fellow at the Palestine Research Center in ter for Disabled Children, Jerusalem, as Chairman of the Arab Studies Aid Beirut from 1972-74; was an active DFLP member from 1973-1991, incl. International and the Arab Orphanage Committee, Jerusalem, as Chairman being appointed as head of its Information Center in 1975, as member of the Executive Board of the Palestinian Family Planning and Protection As- of its Central Committee in 1978, and to the Secretariat of the Central sociation, Jerusalem (since 1996), and Chairman of the Board of Directors Committee in 1980; was on the Editorial Board of the Arabic weekly Al- of Al-Maqassed Charitable Society and Hospital, Jerusalem, (since 1997); Huriyya (Freedom) from 1973-87; member of the Secretariat of the Gen- is a member of the Palestinian Red Crescent Society, the Palestinian Higher eral Union of Palestinian Writers and Journalists since 1974; spent the Health Committee, and the Medical Committee at ANERA, Jerusalem.

87 PALESTINIAN PERSONALITIES H

academic year of 1974-75 as Sociology lecturer at the University of Dar Centers in the West Bank; was elected PLC member (Fateh) in the Jenin As-Salam, Tanzania; PNC member (independent) since 1983; served district in the 1996 elections; served as head of the PLC’s Refugee Affairs as Middle East Regional Secretary for the International Journalists Or- Committee; member of the General Assembly of the Badil Resource Cen- ganization from 1983-88); was assigned Director of the PLO Dept. of ter for Palestinian Residency and Refugee Rights (until 24 Sept. 2004); Information from 1988-93); also worked as editor-in-chief of the Arabic ran unsuccessfully in the 2006 PLC elections (, Jenin district). theoretical quarterly Democratic Thought (published in Nicosia) from 1988-91; was elected member of the FIDA (the Palestinian Democratic Union) politburo until June 1993; Senior Associate Fellow, St. Antony’s College, Oxford University, from 1993-94); member of the academic AL-HINDI, MOHAMMED (1955-) Middle East Group in the UK since 1993; settled back in Palestine in July 1995 and became Senior Research Fellow at the Center for Pal- Born in Gaza on 15 May 1955 to a refugee estine Research and Studies (CPRS), Nablus, as well as at Muwatin family from Haifa; studied in UNRWA schools (non-resident); co-founder of the Palestine Economic Policy Research in Gaza; joined the Muslim Brotherhood in Institute (MAS) in Ramallah and Visiting Senior Research Fellow at the Gaza in 1972; moved to Cairo in 1973 and Institute since 1996; also worked as a Consultant to the PA Ministry studied Medicine and Surgery at Cairo Uni- of Labor, Ramallah, during 1996-97; co-editor of the Palestinian Policy versity, graduating in 1980; joined the Islamic Journal, published by CPRS in Nablus, from 1996-2000; Steering Com- Jihad movement in the mid-1980s; worked mittee member of the Social and Economic Policy Research Forum at as a physician at Al-Shifa Hospital in Gaza MAS from 1996-2000; member of the Technical Advisory Committee to but was removed from his post by Israel in the Palestine Human Development Report since 1997; member of the 1982 because of his political activities; took courses in pediatrics and worked in the field of maternity and child care; H Technical Advisory Committee and the Research Committee to the Pal- estinian National Team to Combat Poverty in Palestine from 1997-2000; in 1987, was imprisoned for one year by Israeli authorities for involve- Senior Research Fellow and Consultant at the Development Studies ment in the (first) Intifada; was imprisoned for a second time in 1989 for Program, Birzeit University, and member of its Technical Consultative similar reasons (until his release in 1993); was a harsh critique of the Committee since 1997; Senior Researcher at Birzeit University’s Cen- Oslo peace process from its outset; also criticized repeatedly the per- ter of Women Studies since 1998 and the Institute of Law since 2001; formance of the PA, especially its security apparatus; was arrested six member of the editorial board of the Journal of Palestine Studies since times by the PA and imprisoned in 1994; currently serves as Director of 2001 and of the Palestinian Studies Quarterly since June 2002; among the Palestinian Center for Studies and Research in Gaza and as editor- his many publications are: The Palestinian Political System after Oslo; in-chief of its magazine Filastin; one of Islamic Jihad’s political leaders A Critical Assessment (Muwatin, Ramallah, and IPS, Beirut, 1998); The and spokesmen in the Gaza Strip; has represented Islamic Jihad in the Formation of the Palestinian Elite: From the Palestinian National Move- Higher Follow-up Committee of the Second Intifada; was arrested by ment to the Rise of the Palestinian Authority (Muwatin, 2002), and The PA security forces on 1 Dec. 2001; was involved in the ceasefire talks in Palestinian Middle Class (Muwatin, Ramallah, and IPS, Beirut, 2005). 2003 as well as in inter-Palestinian dialogue among the various factions; his office was struck by Israeli missiles on 15 May 2004 in what was widely seen as an assassination attempt; was opposed participation of the Islamic movement in the Presidential elections of Jan. 2005. AL-HINDI, AMIN FAWZI (1940-)

Born in Gaza in 1940; was appointed a se- nior security officer in Fateh from 1970s; HMOUD, ABDUL FATTAH (ABU SALAH) (1932-1968) chief of the Palestinian General Security and Intelligence Service since the establishment Born in Tineh village near Ramleh on 24 of the PA; holds the rank of a General; mem- Aug. 1932; was forced to flee with his fam- ber of the Palestinian Higher Committee on ily during the 1948 Nakba and ended up in Negotiations; offered to resign in July 2004, Gaza; completed his high school studies at because of the state of chaos and the lack Imam Al-Shafi’i School; joined Cairo Uni- PA reforms but was retained; was replaced versity in 1952 to study Petrol Engineering; in April 2005 by Pres. Mahmoud Abbas co-founded the Palestine Student League with his deputy, Tareq Abu Rajab. which soon became known as the Pales- tine Student Association, and served as its Deputy-Pres. (with Yasser Arafat as Pres.); participated in issuing the magazine Filasti- AL-HINDI, JAMAL SHATI YOUNIS (1958-) nuna (Our Palestine) which later became a Fateh organ; graduated from Cairo University in 1958; moved to Saudi Arabia and worked as Petrol Born in Jenin in 5 March 1958; resident of the Engineer until 1963; went to work in Qatar; co-founded Fateh in 1967 Jenin Refugee Camp; studied Psychology at and became one of its first Central Committee members; resigned from An-Najah National University in Nablus for two his job as Petrol Engineer in Qatar in 1967 and moved to Jordan; was years but was unable to complete his studies appointed to head Fateh’s regional command; died in a traffic accident due to his deportation by Israel in April 1988 on Al-Mafraq Road, northern Jordan, in 1968, while performing Fateh for involvement with Fateh; served as head duties; is considered the first martyr among the Fateh Central Commit- of An-Najah University Student Council while tee members; was buried in Amman. at the university; head of the Union of Youth

88 PALESTINIAN PERSONALITIES H

AL-HOURANI, ABDULLAH ABDUL HADI (ABU MUNIF) (1938-) a member of Fateh in Jordan in 1965; was imprisoned in Jafar, Jordan, from 1971-72 for membership of Fateh; was injured in his eye and ear Born in Masmiyah, near Gaza, in 1938; moved while in jail; worked as teacher in Libya from 1972-82 and was member with his family to Hebron after two of his broth- of the Teachers’ League in Libya from 1974-78; studied while in Libya ers were killed during a Zionist invasion into in the Beirut Arab University (distance learning) and received a Licenti- their village, and from there to Jericho, settling ate in Literature in 1978; member of the Jordanian Writers Union since in Aqabat Jaber Refugee Camp; after 1952, 1982; worked in Jordanian newspapers form 1983-85; also wrote in other sneaked through the borders to Beit Hanoun, papers, incl. Filastin Athawra and Shu’un Filastiniyya; was a PNC mem- Gaza, and lived with other parts of his family ber from 1984-91; worked with the PLO Education and Higher Education in Jabalia and then in Khan Younis Refugee Dept. from June 1985; served as head of the PLO’s Development and Camp; completed his secondary education Social Affairs bureau in Tunisia and Treasurer of the Palestinian Fam- in the Gaza Strip; became politically active in ily Support Fund from 1986-Dec. 1994; was also appointed member of the mid-1950s, emphasizing the right of return for ; the PLO Exec. Committee on 15 Sept. 1987; continued his studies and was arrested for his political activity in the course of the Israeli invasion gained diplomas in Islamic Studies from the Jesuit University in Beirut of Gaza in 1956; worked as teacher in Khan Younis Refugee Camp and in 1987/88; was a member of the 5th Fateh Conference that convened in started a school that still holds his name; was deported from Gaza in Sept. Tunisia in 1989; earned an MA in Islamic Studies in 1990 and a PhD in 1963; worked as a teacher in Dubai from 1963-65, then was deported by Sufi Literature from the Jesuit University in Beirut in 1994; was appointed British authorities in Dubai (Britain only withdrew in 1968 from the area); Dir.-Gen. of Research and Planning in the PA Ministry for Social Affairs in moved to Damascus; graduated with a degree in Literature from Damas- Dec. 1994; serves as head of the Consortium for Displaced Palestinian cus University in 1964 and worked in the field of media; became Director Refugees for the northern districts of Palestine since 2002; was appoint- of the Palestine Radio, then of the Syrian Radio and Television; served as ed by Pres. Yasser Arafat as Consultant for Social Affairs from 2001-04; H Dir.-Gen. of a media institute in Damascus; after 1969, became Dir.-Gen. is a member of the PLO Political Guidance Committee since 2004; Chair- of the Beirut-based Media and National Guidance Committee (which had man of the Board of Trustees of the Palestinian Marriage Fund since Jan. another branch in Damascus); was PLO Exec. Committee member from 2005; among his publications are Benevolent Associations in the West 1984-96; co-founder of the Cultural Affairs Section of the PLO’s Educa- Bank and Gaza Strip (Al-Karmel, Amman, 1986); tion Dept.; moved the Cultural Affairs Section to the PLO Media Dept. in 1979 and changed the name of the Media and National Guidance Com- mittee to the Media and Culture Dept., serving as its head until 1987, when he became Head of the Culture Dept. (after it was separated from the Me- HOURANI, FAISAL (1939-) dia Dept.); was a leading critic of the Oslo Accords but remained member Born in Al-Masmiyah village, near Gaza, on of the PLO and head of the PNC’s Political Committee; was member (for 23 March 1939; was displaced during the Na- one meeting) of the delegation to the first official meeting in over 13 years kba in Aug. 1948 and lived with his family for between the US (represented by the US Ambassador to Tunisia, Robert one year in Gaza, then moved to Damascus; Pelletreau) and PLO representatives, which took place in Dec. 1988 in received elementary and secondary educa- Tunis; was briefly appointed head of a new PLO branch in Tunis dealing tion in Damascus; worked as craftsman until with refugee issues in 1994; voted against the amendment of the Palestin- 1958; then studied at Damascus University, ian Charter in the PNC meeting in April 1996, after calling for the estab- from where he received a Licentiate in Phi- lishment of a national refugee leadership; initiated a popular consortium losophy, Sociology and Psychology in 1964; for the defense of Palestinian right of return after 1996 and became its worked as a teacher during his university studies; moved to Algeria in general coordinator (the consortium’s work was frozen following Zionist 1964 and worked as editor of Palestinian and Arab issues in Al-Shabab lobbying against it but reactivated after May 2001 and officially launched weekly newspaper; returned to Damascus in 1965 and worked at Al- on 1 Dec. 2003); served as head of the Gaza-based Palestinian National Ba’ath daily magazine, becoming Director of its News Dept. and editor of Center for Research and Documentation in 1997; has four publications its opinion page; also wrote political programs for the Syrian Radio and on Palestinian refugees, Zionism, normalization and Abdul Nasser, incl. Television; joined the PLO in the late 1960s; was editor-in-chief of the PLO Cultural Normalization and its Effect on the Arab-Israeli Conflict. magazine Al-Tala’e’ in 1970 and editorial board member of the Sawt Filas- tin magazine; was banned by Syrian authorities from writing in the Syrian press after 1971; served as Vice-Pres. of the PLO office in Moscow from 1977-1978; returned to Damascus in 1978 and worked for the PLO Politi- AL-HOURANI, ABDULLAH AHMAD MOHAMMED (1944-) cal Dept., serving as head of Media and Public Relations; started work- ing as a free-lance writer in 1979; also became researcher in the PLO’s Born in Masmiyah, near Gaza, in 1944; fled Palestine Research Center in Beirut and Secretary, then editor-in-chief with his family in 1947 from Zionist assaults, of its periodical Shu’un Filastiniyya; was deported from Beirut after 1983 first to Faluja (near Gaza), then to Dawaymeh and the PLO’s Palestine Research Center was closed down by Lebanese (near Hebron), and Hebron; after two years authorities; moved to Nicosia, Cyprus, where the Center re-opened and moved with his family to Ein Al-Sultan Refu- resumed its work; was representative of the Writers’ Union in the PNC gee Camp in Jericho, where he attended in 1984; resigned from his work for Shu’un Filastiniya in 1985; became school; continued his education in Karak, member of the PNC (independent) in 1988; moved to Vienna in 1989 and Jordan (as well as - from some time - in Beit worked as freelance writer; returned to Palestine in 1995; was awarded Fajjar and Beit Ummar Schools in the He- the Palestinian Prize for Biographical Work by the PA Ministry of Culture bron area); received a Diploma in Education in Dec. 2004 for his biography published in different volumes during 1994- from the Teachers’ Institute in Huwwara, Irbid, Jordan, in 1966; worked 2002 (one volume was recently added in 2005); other works include The as a school teacher, then headmaster, in Jordan from 1966-71; became Roots of Palestinian Refusal - 1918-1948 (Cyprus, 1990).

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HOURANI, MOHAMMED ABDEL FATTAH (1961-) AL-HOUT, MAHMOUD (1917-1998)

Born in Hebron on 31 Aug. 1961; studied in Born in Jaffa in 1917 to a Lebanese father Bulgaria and received a BA and an MA in and a Palestinian mother; started writing Sociology; was repeatedly arrested and im- poetry and plays at the age of 15; received prisoned by the Israeli authorities and spent a BA in Arabic Literature from the AUB in a total of eight years in Israeli jails; member 1937; worked as Arabic and English teach- of the Fateh Higher Committee in the West er in Jaffa and later in Annah, Iraq (near Bank; member of the Fateh Revolutionary the Iraqi-Syrian border) from 1937-39; Council; was placed three times under ad- enrolled again at the AUB and gained an ministrative detention in the for MA in 1940, focusing on Arab mythology; his political activities, the last time for six returned to Palestine and worked at the months in Jan. 1992, when he was due to Palestinian Radio in Jerusalem; served with the British Mandate au- leave for Washington as a member of the Palestinian delegation to the thorities as educational inspector of governmental schools in Jaffa and peace talks; was elected PLC member (Fateh) for the Hebron District Southern Palestine; was member of several cultural and literary clubs; in the Jan. 1996 elections; served as member of its Legal and Political became well known as a nationalistic poet; moved to Lebanon after the Committees until the Jan. 2006 PLC elections; was among the negotia- Nakba of 1948, with bitter memories and the loss of all his manuscripts; tors and signatories of the Geneva Accords in Dec. 2003. was lecturer in Arabic Literature in several colleges in Baghdad from 1948-51, then at the American School in Beirut in 1952; was a guest professor at the University of Texas, where he established the Arabic and Oriental Studies Dept. in 1953; was assigned Director of Television H AL-HOUT, BAYAN NUWAYHED (1937-) in Kuwait, serving from 1959-65; then worked as head inspector of the Arabic Language at the Maqassed schools in Lebanon and as Director Born in Jerusalem in 1937; daughter of of the Ali Ben Abi Taleb Secondary School from 1965-87; his publica- Ajaj Nuwayhed (1896-1982), who was a tions include: On the Path of the Mythology of the Arabs: A Study in renowned orator, historian, and translator Depth on the Arabic Beliefs and Myths Before Islam ((Arabic, Beirut, of his time as well as a prominent figure in 1955; 1979); Heroic Arabic Poems (Arabic, Beirut, 1958); The Infidel the Arab-Palestinian national movement; Flame (Arabic, Beirut, 1963); The Magic Dagger (Arabic, Beirut, 1983); studied at the Schmidt Girls’ College; The Sheikh of Beirut: Al-Imam Al-Sheikh Muhammad al-Hout (Arabic, following the 1948 Nakba left with her family Beirut, 1994); left at least six unpublished manuscripts; is remembered to live in Jordan; studied in Amman and as mythologist, poet and translator; died in 1998. Ramallah, where she graduated from the Teachers’ Training College in 1956; worked as an Arabic teacher at the Sukaina Bint Al-Hussein School in Amman from 1956- AL-HOUT, SHAFIQ (1932-) 59; moved with her parents to Lebanon and lives in Beirut since 1959; worked as a journalist at Dar As-Sayyad from 1960-1965; continued Born in Jaffa in 13 Jan. 1932; grew up in Jaf- her higher studies gaining a PhD in Political Science from the Lebanese fa and got educated at Al-Amiriyya School University in 1978; became head of the documentary section at the (with Ibrahim Abu Lughod and Farouk Qa- Palestine Research Center in Beirut in 1977-78, and at the Center for ddoumi); left with his family in the course of Arab Unity Studies in 1979; was Professor of the Palestine Question and the 1948 Nakba to Beirut; received a BA in the Middle Eastern Studies at the Faculty of Law and Political Science of Psychology from the AUB in 1953; worked the Lebanese University from 1979-2001; member of the Arab National as a teacher at Al-Maqassed School in Bei- Conference since 1992; founding member of the National Islamic rut and later in secondary schools in Kuwait Conference since 1996; founding member of the Al-Quds Institution from 1954-58; returned to Beirut and worked since 2000; her lectures and writings focus on the Palestinian Question in journalism, gaining a reputation as a Nas- and the Arab historical and political issues; since her retirement in serist writer; was Director of Al-Hawadeth weekly magazine from 1958- 2001, works as researcher and freelance writer; member of the World 64; in 1961, also founding member and leading figure of the Palestinian Arabic Translators Association since 2004; in addition to numerous Liberation Front (PLF), which established the Abtal Al-Awda (Heroes of articles and essays her publications include: Political Leaderships and the Return) group in the 1960s and circulated the bulletin Tariq Al-Awda Institutions in Palestine, 1917-1948 (Arabic, Beirut, 1981, 1986; Acre, (Path of Return); served as Deputy Sec.-Gen. of the Arab Journalists 1984); Al-Shaikh Al-Mujahed Izzeddine Al-Qassam in the History of Union from 1963-67; attended the first PNC meeting in 1964; formed an Palestine (Arabic, Beirut, 1987); Palestine: The Question, the People, alliance with Ahmed Shuqeiri; resigned from Al-Hawadeth in 1964 to the Culture: a Political History from the Canaanite Era to the Twentieth join the PLO; was appointed by the PLO Exec. Committee as PLO rep- Century (1917); (Arabic, Beirut, 1991); Sabra and Shatila: September resentative in Beirut in Oct. 1964 (serving until his resignation in 1993); 1982 (Arabic, Beirut, 2003; English, London, 2004). Exec. Committee member of the International Organization of Journal- ists from 1964-76; founding member of the Union of Palestinian Writers since 1966; served as PLO Exec. Committee member in 1966-67 and again from 1991-93; member of the PNC; served as PLO representative to the UNGA on various occasions during the years 1974-93; escaped an assassination attempt by As-Sai’qa in 1976; founding member of the Arab National Conference since 1992; suspended his participation in

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the Exec. Committee on 23 Aug. 1993, in protest against the manner HUSSEIN, RASHED (1936-1977) in which the negotiations with Israel were conducted, and called for an extraordinary PNC meeting; resigned on 10 Sep. 1993 from all his PLO Born in Musmus, near Umm Al-Fahm, in posts - except his seat in the PNC - in protest against the impending 1936; wrote his first poetry while still a pu- signing of the DoP; was one of nine PLO Exec. Committee members pil; published a small collection of poetry, who signed a statement rejecting the Oslo II Agreement on 4 Oct. 1995; Ma’a al-Fajr (At Dawn) in Nazareth in 1957 remains critical of the PLO leadership’s stance; helps in coordinating and some of his poems were published in a the Damascus groups; member of the National Islamic Conference thin volume compiled by the Nazarene poet since 1996; founding member of Mu’tamar Al-Awda (the Return Con- Michel Haddad under the title A Variety of ference) since 2002; has written numerous articles, essays and books, Arabic Poetry in Israel a year later; much incl. The Left and Arab Nationalism (Arabic, Cairo, 1959); The Pales- of his poetry dealt with national issues such tinian between Diaspora and State (Arabic, Beirut, 1977): Moments of as the tragedy of the Palestinian refugees, History (Arabic, Jeddah, 1986); Twenty Years with the PLO: Memoirs life under Israel’s military government, and land appropriations; worked (Arabic, Beirut, 1986); Gaza-Jericho Agreement First: The Inadmissible as a school teacher in Nazareth; was arrested for spreading his pro- Agreement (Arabic, Beirut, 1994); lives in Beirut. gressive ideas in 1958; was employed by MAPAM (The United Work- ers Party) as an editor of its Arabic-language literary journal, Al-Fajr, in Tel Aviv; was also involved in Israeli-Arab dialogue among journalists and intellectuals in the late 1950s; moved to Paris in 1965, then to HULEILEH, SAMIR (1957-) New York in 1967, where he worked as Hebrew-Arabic translator for the PLO and the Arab League; moved to Syria in 1971 and established Born in Kuwait in 1957; received an MA the Palestinian Studies Association in addition to preparing Hebrew H in Economics from the AUB, Lebanon, in news for the Syrian Radio; serves as correspondent of the Palestin- 1983; member of the Board of Directors of ian Broadcasting Corporation in New York in the 1970s; later became the Palestinian Banking Corporation (PBC) correspondent for the Palestinian delegation to the UN in New York, since 1988; Board member of the Applied where he died after a mysterious fire incident in his room; published Research Institute Jerusalem (ARIJ) in Beth- poetry collections, incl. Sawarikh (Missiles) (Arabic, 1958), Palestin- lehem since 1990; was Assistant Under- ian Poems (Arabic, 1982), and translated some works from Hebrew Secretary for the PA Ministry of Economy into Arabic, for instance a book on Israeli poet Chaim Nahman Bialik and Trade from 1994-97; Board Member of (1966); was buried in Musmus on 8 Feb. 1977; some of his writings the Arab Thought Forum in Jerusalem since 1996; served as head of were published in 1979 in the volume The World of Rashid Hussein A the Marketing and Sales Dept. of the Nassar Investment Company in Palestinian Poet in Exile (edited by Kamal Boullata, Detroit: Associa- Bethlehem from 1997-2004; member of the PA’s National Reform Com- tion of Arab-American University Graduates, 1979). mittee, established in May 2003; Partner and CEO of the National Com- pany for the Agro-Industries (Zayt) in Palestine since 2004; Chairman of the Board of Directors for the Palestine Trade Center (Pal Trade) since March 2004; was appointed Secretary of the Palestinian cabinet formed AL-HUSSEINI, ABDUL QADER (1907-1948) in Feb. 2005 (until after the 2006 PLC elections). Born in Jerusalem on 8 April 1907; son of Musa Kathem (Pasha) Al-Husseini; raised in Jerusalem; educated at Ar-Rashidiyyeh HUSSEIN, MOHAMMED (SHEIKH) (1950-) School, then at the Bishop Gobat School (known as Zion’s School), and the Rawdat Born in Jerusalem in 1950; graduated from Al-Ma’aref School, graduating in 1927; par- Al-Aqsa Shari’a Secondary School in Jeru- ticipated in national demonstrations from salem in 1969; enrolled at the Shari’a School the age of 13; enrolled at the AUB but was of the University of Jordan; received a BA in dismissed after a year for his political ac- Islamic Shari’a from the University of Jordan tivities; founder (1930) and leader of the in Amman in 1973; worked as teacher at Dar Al-Jihad Al-Muqaddas (Holy War) organiza- Al-Aytam (Islamic Orphanage School) in Je- tion, with its main headquarters in Birzeit; moved to Cairo and joined rusalem and the Al-Aqsa Shari’a Secondary the Faculty of Sciences, Chemistry Dept., at the AUC, from where he School, then became the latter’s principal graduated with a BA in 1932; expressed his growing criticism of British- from 1976-81; serves as an observer for the American policies in the region at his graduation ceremony and was Islamic Guidance at the Waqf; Director and subsequently deported from Egypt to Palestine in July 1932; became preacher (Khatib) of Al-Aqsa Mosque since 1982; member of the Higher a member of the Palestinian Arab Party and served as its Secretary; Islamic Council since 1986, also serving as its Secretary; member of the expressed his ideas in his capacity as editor-in-chief of the party’s pa- Waqf Council from 1987-1990; received medals for his work from Egyp- per Al-Liwa’ and other newspapers, incl. Al-Jami’a Al-Islamiyya; or- tian Pres. Husni Mubarak in 1990 and from Pres. Yasser Arafat in 1997; ganized the Congress of Educated Muslims in the early 1930s to fight was awarded the Jerusalem Prize (together with Archimandrite Atallah discrimination against Palestinian Arabs in government services; with Hanna) on Dec. 2004 by the PA Ministry of Culture as part of the Palestine the aim of depoliticizing him, the British Mandate authorities appointed Cultural Prizes of 2000; currently studies towards an MA in Islamic Studies him as an officer in the Mandate Land Dept., where he managed to at Al-Quds University, Jerusalem; in July 2006, was appointed by Pres. establish contacts and secret resistance cells with Palestinian villag- Mahmoud Abbas to serve as acting Mufti of Jerusalem and Palestine. ers; resigned from the post in 1936; became leader of the Palestinian

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resistance during the Great Revolt of 1936-39; as the guerilla com- AL-HUSSEINI, AMIN (HAJ) (1895-1974) (full name: MOHAMMED mander for the Jerusalem district led an attack on Beit Surik on 6 May AMIN AL-HUSSEINI) 1936 and organized resistance from the mountains around the city; held secret meetings to organize Al-Jihad Al-Muqaddas and became Born in Jerusalem in 1895; studied Islamic its Commander-in-Chief; was responsible for attacks on British officials Law at Al-Azhar University in Cairo; also and the assassination of a police chief in Jerusalem who had treated studied at the School of Administration in Arabs in a humiliating manner; was wounded by British forces at the Istanbul prior to WWI; went to Mecca on a Beni Na’im battle (near Hebron) in 1936 and transferred to Damascus pilgrimage in 1913, gaining the title of haj; for treatment; then stayed for six months in Germany; returned to Jeru- joined the Ottoman Turkish army in WWI salem via Damascus in autumn 1937, taking Ein Kerem as the center and returned to Jerusalem in 1916; par- of operations; was again wounded in 1939 and moved this time to Iraq, ticipated in the 1916 Arab Revolt; was em- where he worked as a mathematics teacher at the Military College, Al- ployed as a clerk in the Public Safety Dept. Rashid military base, in Baghdad; supported the Al-Kilani revolts and of the British military administration; attend- participated in the fight between the British and Iraqi armies in 1941; ed the Pan-Syrian Congress in Damascus in 1919 and supported Prince moved to Turkey through Iraq; but was soon arrested and detained for Faisal for King of Syria; later the year became a member and Pres. of his political activities; his detention order was replaced by a 20-month nationalist Nadi Al-Arabi The Arab Club) in Jerusalem; also wrote for Su- exile to Zakho in northern Iraq; his wife, Wajiha, was also taken to Court riyya Al-Janubiyya (Southern Syria), which was published in Jerusalem and put under house arrest for 20 months in Baghdad; was released in from Sept. 1919 by Mohammed Hassan Al-Budeiri and edited by ‘Aref 1943 following the interference of King Abdul Aziz Al-Sa’ud and left Iraq Al-’Aref; was among the organizers of the 1920 anti-Jewish riots in Pales- to Saudi Arabia; then moved to Egypt on 1 Jan. 1946; demanded am- tine, in which five Jews were killed, and was sentenced in absentia to ten years imprisonment by a British military court for his role and for inciting H munition from the Arab League to counter the ongoing Israeli military attacks on Palestinians, but his request was rejected; returned secretly the masses; fled to Syria to escape the sentence but was soon after par- to Jerusalem after the partition plan in 1947, became commander of doned by High Commissioner Herbert Samuel and returned to Jerusalem, the volunteer guerrilla force of Al-Jihad Al-Muqaddas (Holy War Army), calling for the incorporation of Palestine into Syria; was appointed by High and began organizing the resistance; was killed in a counter attack at Commissioner Samuel as Grand Mufti of Jerusalem on 8 May 1921 until Qastel, west of Jerusalem, on 8 April 1948; the next day he was buried the 1950s; was head of the first Palestinian delegation to London in 1921; at Al-Aqsa Mosque graveyard; father of Musa, Ghazi, and Faisal Al- also appointed by High Commissioner Samuel as Pres. of the first (newly Husseini. established) Supreme Muslim Council (SMC) in Jerusalem in March 1922 (until 1937); led a campaign during 1928-29 rousing the Arabs of Pales- tine to stand against the threat to the Muslim holy places in Jerusalem; was head of the Palestinian delegation to London in 1930; founded the AL-HUSSEINI, ADNAN GHALEB (1947-) World Islamic Congress in 1931 and served as its Pres.; became elected Pres. of the Arab Higher Committee on 25 April 1936; as such, was the Born in Jerusalem in 1947; attended Al-Ibra- chief organizer of the 1936 general strike (calling for the nonpayment of himieh School in Jerusalem, graduating in taxes, shutting down of municipal councils, an end to Jewish immigration, 1965; received a BA in Architecture from Ein a ban on land sales to Jews, and national independence which resulted Shams University, Egypt, in 1970; became Great Revolt against British authority that lasted from 1936-39; was con- General Manager in charge of construction sequently removed by the British from the post of SMC Pres.; escaped and maintenance of Islamic Waqf proper- a British attempt to arrest him in July 1937, taking refuge at the Haram ties in Jerusalem; was Supervisor of Islamic Ash-Sharif until mid-Oct., then he – disguised as a woman – escaped to Waqf projects in Jerusalem and the West Lebanon; reconstituted the Arab Higher Committee (which the British had Bank, incl. renovation of Al-Aqsa Mosque declared illegal) and ran the national leadership from exile; also raised following the arson attack on 21 Aug. 1969; funds to improve and restore the Dome of the Rock Mosque in Jerusa- served as technical advisor for Dar Al-Tifl Al-Arabi School and contrib- lem; established contacts with the Nazis in Germany, where he was wel- uted in renovating the school building and its Palestinian Heritage Mu- comed as a leader of anti-British nationalism and met Adolf Hitler in Berlin seum during the 1970s-1990s; is a member of the sub-Committee for in 1941; was named a local leader of the Muslim Brotherhood after its the Restoration of Waqf properties in the Old City of Jerusalem since establishment in Jerusalem in the mid-1940s by followers of Hassan Al- the 1980s; was a member of the Jerusalem schools’ committee of the Banna, who founded the Brotherhood in Egypt in 1928; after the war tried Islamic Development Bank, Jeddah, in the 1980s; served as member of to regain control of Palestine from his Egyptian exile from March 1946 and the Board of Directors of Al-Rahmah Charitable Home for the Elderly fought against the 1947 Partition Plan; was elected Pres. in absentia of the and the Palestinian Society for the Physically Impaired, Jerusalem; Dir.- Arab Higher Executive (Fourth Higher Committee of the Arab League); Gen. of the Islamic Waqf Administration in the West Bank since April was declared Pres. of the All-Palestine Government, which was set up by 1989; member of the Faculty of Da’wa and Principles of Religion at the first Palestinian National Council on 1 Oct. 1948 in Gaza and which Al-Quds University; Board of Trustees member of the East Jerusalem declared an independent Palestinian state in all of Palestine, with Jerusa- Schools’ Committee since 1991; Board of Trustees member of Al-Quds lem as its capital (the government was annulled by Egypt in 1959); headed University since 1993; member of the Committee for the Restoration the World Islamic Congress in Karachi in Feb. 1951; participated in the of Al-Aqsa Mosque in Amman since 1994; Board of Trustees member NAM conference in Bandung, Indonesia, in 1955; retired from public life of the Faculty of Qur’an & Islamic Studies at Al-Quds University since after serving as Pres. of the 1962 World Islamic Congress and relocated 1995; served as head of the Palestinian Housing Council in the West to Lebanon; attempted a reconciliation with the PLO in the aftermath of the Bank and Gaza from 1999-2003; member of the Advisory Committee, 1973 October War; died in Beirut on 5 July 1974; had wished to be buried Higher Council for Tourism, Jerusalem since 1999. in Jerusalem, but the request was refused by the Israeli government.

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AL-HUSSEINI, DAOUD (1903-1994) AL-HUSSEINI, FAISAL (1940-2001)

Born in Jerusalem in 1903; studied Dentist- Born in Baghdad, Iraq, on 17 July 1940; son ry at the AUB; member and General Inspec- of Abdel Qader Husseini, who died during tor of Al-Jihad Al-Muqaddes from 1937; also the battle for Jerusalem in 1948; grandson worked closely with the Grand Mufti Haj of former mayor of Jerusalem Musa Kathem Amin Al-Husseini; attained several posi- Pasha Al-Husseini; and grand-nephew of tions in the Jordanian Government and was Haj Amin Al-Husseini, then Grand Mufti of elected member of the Jordanian Parliament Jerusalem; studied in Cairo (elementary and from 1956-63; was imprisoned by the Jor- secondary education), graduating in 1958; danians on 21 April 1963, along with other joined the ANM in 1957; was a founding MPs like Najib Al-Ahmad, Ishaq Al-Duz- member of the GUPS in 1959; studied Sci- dar, and Yasser Amro, and sent to Al-Jafar ence in Cairo and Baghdad but devoted most detention center (following the declaration of his time to political campaigning; underwent commando training in of the Charter for Arab Federation between Egypt in 1963; came to Jerusalem and worked for the PLO after its ini- Egypt, Syria and Iraq on 17 April and the resignation of PM Samir Al- tial establishment as deputy manager of the Public Organization Dept. Rifa’i on 20 April 1963); was released in Oct. 1963; was - together with from 1964-65; studied in Syria and received a BA in Military Science Ahmad Shuqeiri - a member of the PLO founding committee in 1964; from the Military College in Damascus in 1967; joined the PLA the same was detained in July 1967 and later expelled from Jerusalem to other year; graduated from Damascus Military College in 1967; returned to parts of the OPT for signing a memorandum challenging the validity the West Bank after the June 1967 War; was arrested soon after (Oct. of Israel’s annexation of Jerusalem; later was appointed as Jordanian 1967) and was imprisoned for a year for arms possession; worked as an H Minister of Economy and Head of the Chamber of Commerce of Am- x-ray technician in Jerusalem from 1969-77; studied History in Beirut; man; died in 1994. returned to Jerusalem and founded the Arab Studies Society in 1979, whose chairman he remained ever since; became a member of the Higher Islamic Council in Jerusalem in 1982; was repeatedly placed un- der house and city arrest by the Israeli authorities during the years 1982- 87; was also several times imprisoned under administrative detention AL-HUSSEINI, FAHMI (1886-1940) (without trial) during the first Intifada, last in Oct. 1990 in the wake of the Born in 1886; From Gaza; studied Law in Al-Aqsa Mosque massacre; was classified as a prisoner of conscience Istanbul; became a prominent lawyer; also by Amnesty International in June 1987; served as Palestinian spokes- worked in journalism; worked in the Land person and highly respected (Fateh) leader during the first Intifada; was Court, the Central Council then resigned one of the pioneers in developing and promoting Israeli-Palestinian dia- and worked again as a lawyer; launched logue and the first prominent Palestinian to hold talks with a senior Likud Al-Huquq (The Rights) magazine and was politician, Moshe Amirav, in Sept. 1987 (together with Sari Nusseibeh its editor-in-chief (1 Dec. 1923); published and Salah Zuheikah); helped create the Technical and Advisory Com- Sawt Al-Haq (Voice of the Truth) newspa- mittees inside the OPT intended to assist the negotiations in 1992; led per on 6 Oct. 1927; Arabized the famous preparatory talks for the Madrid peace conference with US Secretary of Hanafi book on legal proceedings, Sharh State James Baker in 1990; served for a long time as Chairman Yas- Majallat Al-Ahkam (Commentaries on the ser Arafat’s chief representative in the OPT; after the 1991 Gulf War Codified Hanafi Commercial Law, prepared was increasingly sought after as an interlocutor between US and Israeli in four volumes during the Ottoman times politicians; from 1991, was part of the Palestinian Steering Committee to by Allama Ali Haidar); was a member of the the peace talks, acting from the OPT (as holder of a Jerusalem ID card, Palestine Free Party from 1927, which defended all aspects of personal was prevented from a direct role by Israel for two years); then became freedom; was elected mayor of Gaza on 5 May 1928 (until 1939); under head of the Palestinian delegation to the peace negotiations from April 1993; set up the Jerusalem National Council as a forum to begin debat- his rule, Gaza city was extended to the sea (Ar-Rimal district), the Gaza ing Jerusalem’s future status in 1993; headed Fateh High Command in local hospital and the market were completed, the streets were wid- the West Bank from 1994; was PLO Exec. Committee member since ened, and the city received electricity in 1938 in cooperation with the April 1996 (one of three members from – for the first time - ‘inside’ the Palestinian Electricity Company; was arrested by the British authorities OPT); member of the final status negotiating team; after the establish- and put in custody at Sarafand Jail in 1938 as member of opposition; ment of the PA, served as Minister without Portfolio, in charge of the died on 25 Dec. 1940. Jerusalem file (PLO representative to Jerusalem) since the mid-1990; in June 1995, went with other Palestinians figures on a hunger strike in sympathy with Palestinian prisoners held by Israel; played a major role in ensuring that East Jerusalem was included as an electoral district in the Jan. 1966 PLC elections; remained the head of the Orient House - the first national address in Jerusalem and thus subject to many con- frontations with Israeli forces and settlers – until his death; supported the Oslo process at its outset but turned increasingly skeptical; received the American Peace Award and later the Gleitsman Foundation Interna- tional Activist Award in 1999; died suddenly of a heart attack on 31 May 2001, whilst acting as first PLO leader to visit Kuwait after the 1991 Gulf War; was buried next to his father at Al-Aqsa Mosque on 1 June 2001.

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Al-Husseini, Hatem Izhaq (1941-1994) ment and progress of the city, incl. paving roads, ensuring cleans streets, and initialing a sewage network project (partly financed from Jewish commt Born in Jerusalem in 1941; became with his munities outside the country); also served as Director of the Red Crestc family refugees in Syria and Lebanon after cent Society, established in 1915; promoted Arab-Jewish understanding; the 1948 War; received a BA in Economics cooperated with Jews and Christians in an attempt to create a ‘post-Ottt from the AUC, an MA in Business Administt toman’ alternative; formally surrendered Jerusalem to the British Military tration from the University of Rhode Island, Administration on 9 Dec. 1917, after the Allied Forces led by Gen. Allenby and a PhD in Political Science from the Univt had conquered the city; signed an official decree of surrender a few days versity of Massachusetts; member of the later, handing the keys of the city gates to Gen. Allenby; died a couple of PNC; was appointed Director of the Arab weeks later around Jan. 1918; his brother Musa Kathem Al-Husseini League’s Information Bureau in Washington succeeded him as mayor. in 1975; later served as head of the Palestt tine Information Bureau in Washington from 1978-82; then was Deputy Director of the Palestine Observer Mission to the UN during 1982-83; lectured at several American universities; has HUSSEINI, ISHAQ MUSA (1904-1990) authored a number of articles and booklets including Toward Peace in Palestine (ed.) (1974) and The Palestine Problem (1974); was appointed Born in Jerusalem in 1904; was educated at Al- as Pres. of Al-Quds University in Jerusalem in 1993; died of cancer in Rashidiyyeh School, Al-Salahiyyah College in Jerusalem on 27 Dec. 1994. Jerusalem and the Frères College from 1918- 20; completed his high school at St. George’s College in Jerusalem in 1922; received a Dipt H ploma in Journalism from the AUC in 1926; AL-HUSSEINI, HIND (1916-1994) worked as a teacher at Al-Rashidiyyeh School in Jerusalem; took law courses in Jerusalem; Born in Jerusalem in 1916; cousin of Abdel received a degree in Arabic Language and Semt Qader Al-Husseini; was involved with the mitic Studies from the Egyptian University in student unions in the 1930s; took courses in 1930, then a Diploma in Semitic Studies and a social work and worked as a educator; was PhD in Philosophy from the School of Oriental also active in the Women’s Solidarity Socite Studies, London University, in 1934, where he was supervised by the well- ety; became coordinator of the Arab Womte known Orientalist thinker Hamilton Gibb; contributed to the educational en’s Union in the 1940s; established an ortp field in Palestine during the British Mandate era from 1934-48 as a teacher phanage for victims of the Deir Yassin masts at the Arab College in Jerusalem and as inspector for Arabic language in sacre in 1948 in Dar Husseini, the home her the Educational Dept. in Palestine; taught at the AUB from 1949-54 and at grandfather had built in Jerusalem; renamed the Arab Studies Institute in Cairo from 1955-73; also taught in the US and the building into Dar At-Tifl Al-Arabi (House Canada; was a member of the Arab Language Forum in Cairo from 1961 of Arab Children); dedicated her life to orphans until her death, diligently and of the Islamic Research Institute at Al-Azhar University, Cairo, since working to provide them with an education and help them find homes or 1963; after the 1967 War ended up in Aleppo; joined the Iraqi Scientific jobs; also created a school for girls at Dar Al-Tifl and served as its Pres.; Forum in 1971; returned to Jerusalem in 1973; became Dean of Al-Quds it later included a Women’s College affiliated (Faculty of Arts) with Al- University’s Women’s College at the Faculty of Arts (now Hind Al-Husseini Quds University (after her death the college was named Hind Al-Husst College) in 1974 (until 1982); published numerous books and articles on seini College); was a member of the PNC; served as Board of Trustees the methodology of teaching Arabic, the crisis of Arabic thought, the Muslt member of various Palestinian women’s organizations; received the lim Brotherhood, Jerusalem and Islam, Arab Literature, and critiques of Jordan Globe Medallion for social work in 1983 and the Jordan Globe various intellectuals; his publications included Mudhakkirat Dajaja (Memot Medallion for education in 1985; also was awarded the First Degree oirs of a Hen) (Cairo, 1943; Toronto 1990), which received wide acclaim in Medallion by the German government in 1989; died on 13 Sept. 1994. the Arab world as much for its imaginative style as for its sharp but veiled criticism of society and its ethics; died in Dec. 1990.

AL-HUSSEINI, HUSSEIN (BEY) (-1918) Al-HUSSEINI, ISMAIL MUSA TAHER (1860-1945) Born in Jerusalem; son of Salim Husseini, mayor of Jerusalem under the Ottomans; Born in Jerusalem in 1860; landowner; inherited his father’s mayoral position followti worked as tax collector during the Ottoman ing his death; served as mayor of Jerusalem times; held different administrative posts and from 1910-1915; stressed in an interview with became head of the Education Dept. in Adta the Egyptian Al-Iqdam paper in March 1914 ana, then in Jerusalem; helped developing the distinction between Zionism, which did schools during the late Ottoman era; was not risk Palestine, and the real risk stemming involved in the Ottoman Dept. of Publication from the settlers movement, and the subts Censorship; built himself a luxurious home in sequent necessity to prevent land sales to Sheikh Jarrah in 1897 with a special façade Jews; was appreciated by Muslims, Christian especially designed for the visit of Kaiser Wilth and Jews alike for his work for the developtm helm II of Germany in 1898 (the house soon

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ent House’); became Head of the Jerusalem Education Dept. in 1901; AL-HUSSEINI, JUMANA (1932-) collected and exhibited pieces reflecting the impressions of foreign Ori- entalists on Palestinian customs and traditions, for which he dedicated Born in Jerusalem in 1932; studied Fine Arts in six rooms in the Sultani School in Jerusalem; was assigned to found the Beirut and Paris; had her first exhibit in Paris in Arab-Ottoman Brethren Society in Jerusalem in 1908; shifted his alle- 1965, followed by a number of personal exhib- giance to the British after the Mandate; welcomed the Zionist mission its in Arab countries, Tokyo, Rome, Amman, headed by Weizmann, which arrived in Palestine in April 1918; rented and Jerusalem; also participated in several land in Ein Sinya, north of Ramallah, in 1906 to Jewish Russian immi- group exhibits such as the Venice Biennial of grants (the Shertok family - parents of Moshe Sharett, who became a 1979, the Tokyo Modern Art Museum, and the Zionist leader and second Israeli PM); earned an oil share in Southern Museum of Women in the Arts, Washington, Palestine from the Standard Oil Company; included his name as a mem- in 1994; received the Palestine Award for the ber of the British Board of Advisors established in 1923 but withdrew after Visual Arts in 1999; resides in Paris. most Palestinian notables opposed it; his involvement in direct politics waned after that; died in 1945.

AL-HUSSEINI, KAMEL (???-1921)

AL-HUSSEINI, JAMAL (1892-1982) Was appointed by the British as Grand Mufti of Jerusalem in 1908, to replace his de- Born in Jerusalem in 1892; graduate from ceased father, Taher Al-Husseini; unlike the Anglican School in Jerusalem; studied his father, is remembered for his compromis- Medicine at the AUB but was interrupted by ing positions with the British authorities and H the outbreak of WWI; served after the war the Zionist movement, with the members of in the British Military Government’s Health which he met; was rewarded by the Mandate Dept., then as local adviser to the Governor authorities by being appointed as Chairman of Nablus, and as assistant to the Governor of the Appeal Court and then as Director of Ramleh; was member of both, the Nadi of the Higher Waqf Committee; died on 31 Al-Arabi and the Muntada Al-Adabi organi- March 1921 (was replaced by his brother Haj zations in 1918-19; later member of the pro- Amin Al-Husseini). Husseini majlesiyoun faction; was elected representative to the 6th Congress of the Arab Executive Committee (June 1923, Jaffa) for Jerusalem and to the 7th (June 1928) for Beth- lehem; was elected Secretary of the Executive Committee at the con- AL-HUSSEINI, MUSA KATHEM (PASHA) (1853-1934) gresses from 1920-28; served as Secretary of the Supreme Muslim Born in 1853; graduated from the Istanbul Council from 1927-30; was suspected by the Jews for organizing the School of Administration; held many admin- Revolt of 1929; was a member of the Palestinian Delegation to Lon- istrative positions in the Ottoman Empire, don in 1930; suggested methods of resisting Zionist/British aims at the incl. Qaimqam in Jaffa, Safad, Acre, and Ir- General Arab Congress in Nablus in Sept 1931: either following the bid, and district Governor of Yemen in 1908; Egyptian model of negotiating with the British or the Indian one of em- then worked in Anatolia, Syria and Iraq; re- barking on a course of civil disobedience; was co-founder and elected tired in 1914 on the eve of WWI; was one Chairman of Mufti Haj Amin Al-Husseini’s Hizb Al-Arabi (Palestine of four Palestinians on whom the Ottoman Arab Party), established in 1935 in Jerusalem; member of the first Arab State bestowed the title of ‘Pasha’ while be- Higher Committee in Palestine formed in 1936 (until 1937); acted as ing alive (in addition to Abdul Salam Al-Hus- the Mufti’s representative and Pres. of the Palestinian delegation to seini and Yousef Diya’ Eddin Al-Khalidi); the London Conference, St. James’s Palace, in Feb. 1939; was active was appointed mayor of Jerusalem in March 1918; led a delegation of among Palestinian exiles in Iraq in 1940-41; was caught by the Brit- Arabs who brought a petition to the British Military Governor for Jeru- ish after escape from Iraq and exiled to Southern Rhodesia; returned salem, Col. Ronald Storrs, protesting Zionist policy in Nov. 1918; was to Palestine in 1946 and was elected Vice-Pres. of the Arab Higher removed as mayor by the British in April 1920 for opposing their pro- Executive (Fourth Higher Committee of the Arab League); reorganized Zionist policies; became a leading figure in the Jerusalem branch of his party and formed its paramilitary youth organization Al-Futuwwa; the MCA from 1919; led the Palestinian national movement from 1919 served as representative of the Arab Higher Committee to the UN after until his death; was leader and spokesperson of the opposition to the 1947; was named FM to the All-Palestine Government, established in British Mandate; belonged to the pro-Husseini majlesiyoun faction; was Dec. 1948; from the late 1950 to 1970s worked as consultant to Saudi elected representative of Jerusalem to the 3rd (13 Dec. 1920, Haifa), 4th Arabia; died on 3 July 1982. (May-June 1921, Jerusalem), 5th (Aug. 1922, Nablus), 6th (June 1923, Jaffa) and 7th (June 1928) Congress of the Arab Executive Committee; was elected Pres. of the Arab Executive Committee at the 3rd Congress in Haifa, 14 Dec. 1920, and held this post until 1928; was head and member of the Palestinian delegations to London in the 1920-1930s; led the demonstration protesting Zionist mass immigration in Jaffa on 27 Oct. 1933, during which he was injured by British forces, which led to his death on 27 March 1934; was buried at Al-Aqsa Mosque; father of Abdul Qader Al-Husseini.

95 PALESTINIAN PERSONALITIES H

AL-HUSSEINI, RAFIQ (1952-) AL-HUSSEINI, TAHER MUSTAFA TAHER (1842-1908)

Born in Jerusalem on 1 May 1952; graduated Born in Jerusalem in 1842; known as Taher from Victoria College, Alexandria, Egypt, in Effendi Al-Husseini; became Grand Mufti of 1969; received a BSc in Biology and Chemii Jerusalem in the 1860s and remained in that istry from the AUB, where he studied from post for more than 40 years until his death; 1969-73; worked as a Graduate Assistant at fought Jewish immigration and agricultural the Medical Microbiology Dept. of the AUB settlement, incl. urging the Ottoman authoriit Hospital from 1973-74; continued his studies ties to expel or at least harass Jewish immiig at the Loughborough University of Technoloi grants who try to purchase land; also headed ogy, UK, in 1975 and earned a PhD in Medical Chemistry in 1978; was a commission set up by local notables in Jerusalem in 1897 to scrutinize a Post-Doctoral Fellow at the Microbiology Dept. of the University of applications for transfer of land to Jews, effectively stopping land sales in Birmingham, UK, from 1979-84; served as Dir.-Gen. of Medical Aid for the Jerusalem area for a few years; father of Haj Amin Al-Husseini and Palestine (MAP), UK from 1984- 86; was General Manager of Laborait Kamel Al-Husseini; died in 1908 (his son Kamel took over as Mufti). tory Services at the Palestine Hospital in Amman, Jordan, from 1987- 89; served again as Dir.-Gen. of MAP from 1989-94; serves as Deputy- Chair of the Association of Palestinians in the UK since 1991; earned a Masters in Health Management from the City University, London, in Husseini, Wa’el Mohammad Abdul Fattah (Abu Khaled) 1994; returned to Palestine and became Dir.-Gen. of the Palestinian (1962-) Council of Health, Jerusalem, from 1994-95; became a Fellow of the Born in Jerusalem in 1962; graduated from Institute of Biomedical Sciences, London, in 1995; served as General H Al-Ummeh High School in Jerusalem; went Manager of the Arab Care Medical Services in Palestine from 1995-98; to Saudi Arabia to study Electrical Engineerii was an Executive Committee member of the Palestine Red Crescent ing at King Abdul Aziz University, graduating Society from 1990-96; received a post-graduate Certificate in Health with a BA in 1986; returned and opened an Economics from Aberdeen University, UK, in 1999; acted as Sec.-Gen. engineering office, but it was closed by the of the Palestine Academy for Science and Technology during 1998-99; Israeli authorities in 1988; serves as head of then worked as Deputy Dir.-Gen. and Director of Operations at the Welif An-Nahda Islamic School since 1989; from fare Association in Jerusalem from 1999-2003; was Pres. of the Palesit 1991-92, also worked as editor-in-chief of tinian Public Health Association in 1999-2000; worked as Coordinator the magazine Al-Mohandis Al-Falastini of the Friends of East Jerusalem Hospitals from 1999-2004; Board of (The Palestinian Engineer Magazine); was Trustees member of the Arab Thought Forum from 2000-2004; acted among the deportees to Marj Az-Zuhur, South Lebanon, in Dec. 1992; as Chair of the Steering Committee for the East Jerusalem Multi-Sector was placed in administrative detention by Israel for seven times; continiu Review Project from 2001-2003; serves as Deputy Dir.-Gen. for Develoi ued his education and received a MA in Educational Management from opment and Administration at the Welfare Association in Jerusalem and Birzeit University in 2000; writes political and social articles in Al-Quds Amman since 2003; was appointed Dir.-Gen. of the PA President’s Offi newspaper; was elected as PLC member (Change and Reform, Jeruis fice in Ramallah and as holder of the Jerusalem File, in April 2005; has salem district) in the Jan. 2006 elections. written numerous newspaper articles and scientific reports as well as (co-)authored and edited several books, incl. Separate and Cooperate, Cooperate and Separate. The Disengagement of the Palestinian Health Care System from Israel and its Emergence as an Independent System Al-Hut see Al-HOUT (with Tamara Barnea, Praeger, USA, 2002).

AL-HUSSEINI, SALIM EFFENDI (HAJ) (???-1908)

Landowner from Jerusalem; was mayor of Jerusalem from the late 1880s to Oct. 1897; built a family palace, which years later was developed into Dar Al-Tifl Institution; father of Musa Kathem (Pasha) Al-Husseini; great-grandfather of Faisal Al-Husseini; member in the Jerusalem Council; died in 1908 and was buried in Sheikh Jarrah (near today’s American Colony Hotel).

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