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Rail Quality Based Index

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Rail Quality Based Index Master Degree Project in Logistics and Transport Management Rail Quality Based Index Shengda Zhu and Linkai Wang Supervisor: Prof. Rickard Bergqvist June 2015 Abstract The aim of this thesis is to establish an integrated rail quality based index to evaluate different freight wagons’ performance. All materials are collected through literature reviews and interviews. The Rail Quality Based Index (RQBI) is established in the form of cost that can represent the main quality aspects associated with freight wagons self-characteristics. The index construction includes four main components, i.e. infrastructure, energy, maintenance and noise. Each component’s cost can be calculated by applying different methods from previous studies. By comparing index value with benchmark, the RQBI can help different parties in rail freight industry to evaluate and compare their freight wagons quality performance. This research concludes costs differentiated by wagons’ characteristics and tries to represent them in an integrated index’s form. Though, due to data deficiency, validation of the index and establishment of relevant benchmarks are not fully discussed in this research, it helps to further understand quality evaluation of freight wagons and points out a new perspective of future relevant researches. Key Words: Rail Freight Quality; Wagon; Benchmarking; RQBI; Differentiated Infrastructure Charges. I Acknowledgements We would like to thank all those who have given support during the completion of the thesis. Firstly, we want to express our deepest gratitude to our supervisor Professor Rickard Bergqvist for all the guidance, advice and comments during the process of the thesis. Secondly, we appreciate all respondents who participated in the interviews and we are grateful for their quick responses, expertise and helpful suggestions. Finally, we would like to thank our families and friends for the love, support and encouragement. Best Regards Gothenburg, June 2015. Shengda Zhu Linkai Wang III Table of Contents Abstract ................................................................................................................ I Acknowledgements ............................................................................................. III Table of Contents ................................................................................................. V List of Figures ..................................................................................................... IX List of Tables ....................................................................................................... XI List of Abbreviations ......................................................................................... XIII 1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................ 1 1.1 Background ............................................................................................................ 1 1.2 Problem Statement ................................................................................................ 2 1.3 Research Purpose ................................................................................................... 2 1.4 Research Question .................................................................................................. 2 1.5 Delimitation ........................................................................................................... 3 2 METHODOLOGY ........................................................................................... 5 2.1 Research Strategy ................................................................................................... 5 2.1.1 Research Paradigm ................................................................................................... 5 2.1.2 Research Approach .................................................................................................. 6 2.2 Research Design ..................................................................................................... 6 2.3 Data ....................................................................................................................... 7 2.3.1 Data Availability ....................................................................................................... 7 2.3.2 Data Collection ......................................................................................................... 8 2.4 Research Quality .................................................................................................... 9 2.4.1 Reliability ................................................................................................................. 9 2.4.2 Validity ................................................................................................................... 10 3 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK ................................................................... 11 3.1 Background of Rail Transport ................................................................................ 11 3.1.1 UIC Classification .................................................................................................... 13 3.1.2 FORD System .......................................................................................................... 15 3.2 Rail Quality .......................................................................................................... 16 3.2.1 Rolling Stocks Quality ............................................................................................. 16 3.2.2 Track Quality .......................................................................................................... 18 3.2.3 Externality .............................................................................................................. 19 3.3 Infrastructure Charges in Europe ........................................................................... 21 3.3.1 Charging Types ....................................................................................................... 21 3.3.2 Charging Philosophy .............................................................................................. 21 3.3.3 Charging Concepts ................................................................................................. 21 3.3.4 Charging Variables & Variable Categories .............................................................. 22 3.4 Benchmark ........................................................................................................... 24 3.4.1 Benchmarking ........................................................................................................ 24 V 3.5 Composite Index................................................................................................... 26 3.5.1 Composite Indexing ............................................................................................... 27 3.5.2 Indexes in Transport Research ............................................................................... 29 3.6 Bonus-malus System ............................................................................................. 32 3.7 Conclusion ........................................................................................................... 32 4 COST CALCULATIONS ................................................................................. 35 4.1 Infrastructure Cost ................................................................................................ 35 4.1.1 Damages ................................................................................................................ 35 4.1.2 Practice in Sweden ................................................................................................. 38 4.2 Energy Cost .......................................................................................................... 38 4.2.1 Resistance Forces ................................................................................................... 39 4.2.2 Practice in Sweden ................................................................................................. 43 4.3 Maintenance ........................................................................................................ 43 4.3.1 Life Cycle Cost ........................................................................................................ 44 4.3.2 Practice in SweMaint ............................................................................................. 46 4.4 Noise Cost ............................................................................................................ 46 4.4.1 Short Run Marginal Cost (SRMC) ........................................................................... 47 4.4.2 Noise Indicators ..................................................................................................... 48 4.4.3 NDTAC .................................................................................................................... 49 4.4.4 Practice of NDTAC in Europe .................................................................................. 51 5 INDEX CONSTRUCTION .............................................................................. 53 5.1 Assumption .......................................................................................................... 53 5.2 Variables and Abbreviation ................................................................................... 54 5.3 Rail Quality Based Index ......................................................................................
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