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VEL-Wagon Grant Agreement No VEL-Wagon Versatile, Efficient and Longer Wagon for European Transportation Grant agreement no: 265610 – DELIVERABLE REPORT – Document ID: D 1.1 Title: State of the art and concept drafting Technische Universität Berlin Responsable Fachgebiet Schienenfahrwege und partner: Bahnbetrieb Contributors: KTH, UNIZA, TVP www.vel-wagon.eu PROPRIETARY RIGHTS STATEMENT This document contains information, which is proprietary to the VEL-Wagon Consortium. Neither this document nor the information contained herein shall be used, duplicated or communicated by any means to any third party, in whole or in parts, except with prior written consent of the VEL-Wagon Consortium. Document Information Document Name: State of the art and concept drafting Document ID: D1.1 Revision: First issue, 10.06.2011 Revision Date: Authors: A. Carrillo Zanuy (TUB); H. Boysen (KTH); J. Mašek, M. Buda (UNIZA); F. Janíček, J. Karabin (TVP) Approvals Partner Name Company Date Visa Prof. Siegmann/ 1 Coordinator TUB O.K. A. Carrillo Zanuy 2 Partner KTH O.K. 3 Partner UNIZA O.K. 4 Partner TVP O.K. Documents history Revision Date Modification Author 1 07.06.11 Point 6.2.2, 6.2.3 Axle Load, Meter Load H. Boysen KTH 2 07.06.11 Point 7.1 J. Valigursky TVP 3 10.06.11 Point 4 (Advisory board comments, UIRR Burkhardt) A. Carrillo TUB 2 SECTION I –SUMMARY Title: State of the art and concept drafting Deliverable ID D1.1 Type of Deliverable Report Input / Starting stage WP1 Kick off Minutes Output / Final stage Lead partner(s) TUB Achievement to date (%) 100 % Expected date of achievement 10th June 2011 Protection Public 3 Title: State of the art and concept drafting Abstract The present deliverable presents a general overview of the European rail freight system in terms of: Demand: Where the general characteristics and trends on freight transportation market are analysed, obtaining among other conclusions that more transport of processed high-valued goods with low density and higher space requirement is happening in contrast to transport of bulk cargo and heavy goods. Supply Where the freight railway system and its performance are analysed, being intermodal transportation and unit trains the business segments with major interest. The current wagon fleet characteristics together with their performance are discussed to produce guidelines for VEL-Wagon concepts, among which the multipurpose applications. Infrastructure General overview of railway infrastructure characteristics paying especial attention to loading gauges and axle loads. Finally it presents rough concept definitions of VEL-Wagon based on partners evaluation. Associated Milestones: MS1 Market and corridor identification, MS2 Initial concepts for VEL-Wagon Contribution to VEL-Wagon Objectives as mentioned in the Description of Work Objective Definition Comments Quantification • Identify basic scenarios for rail freight in which VEL-Wagon could be implemented (Theoretical) • Determine important markets and corridors for application (Practical) • Define rough physical characteristics of the wagons to have a first starting point when performing the subsequent market and technical research. 4 5 SECTION 2 –DETAILED DESCRIPTION Contents 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................................ 7 2 BACKGROUND .............................................................................................................................. 8 3 INTRODUCTION AND SCOPE .................................................................................................... 10 4 OVERVIEW OF FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION DEMAND ........................................................ 13 4.1 CASE STUDY: TRENDS OF CONTAINERISED CARGO IN SWEDEN .................................................. 26 5 OVERVIEW OF FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION SUPPLY ......................................................... 28 5.1 CONVENTIONAL RAIL FREIGHT ................................................................................................. 28 5.2 INTERMODAL .......................................................................................................................... 50 5.2.1 ILUs characteristics in intermodal transport .................................................................... 50 5.2.2 Unaccompanied intermodal transport .............................................................................. 53 5.2.3 Accompanied intermodal transport .................................................................................. 56 6 OVERVIEW OF INFRASTRUCTURE LIMITATIONS .................................................................. 58 6.1 DIMENSIONS FOR ROAD VEHICLES ........................................................................................... 58 6.1.1 Vehicle mass .................................................................................................................... 59 6.2 OVERVIEW OF RAILWAY INFRASTRUCTURE AND LIMITATIONS ..................................................... 60 6.2.1 Loading gauge ................................................................................................................. 60 6.2.2 Intermodal gauge ............................................................................................................. 61 6.2.3 Meter load ........................................................................................................................ 63 6.2.4 Axle load .......................................................................................................................... 63 7 OVERVIEW OF WAGON MARKET ............................................................................................. 65 7.1 PERTINENT LIST OF RULES (SELECTION): .................................................................................. 65 7.2 TECHNICAL CHALLENGES ........................................................................................................ 66 7.3 WAGON PRODUCTION TRENDS (TVP PERSPECTIVE) ................................................................. 67 7.4 STATE OF THE ART IN LONG WAGONS ....................................................................................... 68 8 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FIRST WAGON CONCEPTS ................... 76 9 VEL-WAGON CONCEPT DRAFTING ......................................................................................... 79 9.1 PRESENTATION OF FREIGHT RAILWAY WAGONS IN USE .............................................................. 80 9.2 VEL WAGON CONCEPTS ........................................................................................................ 86 9.3 CONCEPT EVALUATION .......................................................................................................... 103 9.3.1 Methodology of evaluation ............................................................................................. 103 9.3.2 Ranking VEL Wagon´s features .................................................................................... 106 9.4 CONCLUSION ........................................................................................................................ 112 LIST OF EXHIBITS ............................................................................................................................. 113 LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................................... 116 6 1 Executive summary (A. Carrillo Zanuy) This report analyses demand, supply and recent developments in rail freight transportation. It gives an overview of the state of the art in freight wagons, determines important markets for a VEL-Wagon and identifies its rough design requirements. Transport decisions are taken by quality and by price. Nowadays rail freight is competitive in bulk goods and large shipments sizes over long distances. In spite of this, road transportation wins the mode choice in 80 per cent of the cases (expressed in tkm). To reverse this situation, rail freight needs to optimize its processes, improve quality and adjust its system to modern logistic needs. Rail freight was severely hit by the economic crisis from 2008 onwards but recovered in the last months reaching again performances levels of 2007. This development is accompanied by the general change in freight structure which strives for more transport of processed high-valued goods with low density and higher space requirement in contrast to transport of bulk cargo and heavy goods. This trend leads to a growing share of combined transport and palletized consignments that demand a new generation of wagons – versatile (suitable for container of different sizes, semitrailer, swap bodies and other loads), longer (to transport more TEUs and pallets per wagon) and lighter (fewer bogies per cargo unit). There are already long wagons without articulation up to 80 ft. in use. For higher lengths articulated types are used. Length is a fundamental parameter for VEL-Wagon to be successful. A primarily analysis indicated that constructional problems start from 80 ft. onwards. A first rough design of a VEL-Wagon envisages a loading length up to 90 ft. (VEL90) with 25t per axle. It could transport up to four 20 ft. containers, two 45 ft. containers or two semi-trailers. Additionally the uninterrupted length of VEL-Wagon might be valuable to transport finished products with low-medium density and to address in a versatile manner a great variety of cargo forms including long elements. Attachable
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