Chile: debt vs. physical economy (indices 1973=100) --- 700

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500 -

400

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100-

0 - Whatao ,� these two men have in common?

Stop the UN's New United States, and targets over a dozen Third World countries World Order: on its "population enemies Hitler in Blue Helmets. list"? • that since NSSM 200 was written, American dollars DID YOU KNOW: have paid for the sterilization • that the population control r------, of roughly of Brazil's movement is nothing but a half Please send the EIR Special Report, Stop the U.N. New women of childbearing age? I 0 I whitewashed version of the World Order: Hitler in Blue Helmets to the adrn:ess This report, revised and I I Nazi eugenics policy, which below. Enclosed is for each report postpaId. expanded from the I $250.00 was developed in Britain and 1992 : Special Report "The genocidal I Please send a full lis ing of publications available from the United States, then export­ 0 � roots of Bush's 'New World I EIR News Service, including other Special Reports. I ed to Hitler's Germany? 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Signature Institute, Vatican, and others, I I • that Nation3I Security Study and self-indicting extracts I Make check or money order payable to: I Memorandum written 200, from the planning documents I I under the direction of Henry EIR News Service drafted by the United Nations I I Kissinger and Brent Scowcroft P.O. Box Washington, D.C. bureaucrats. 17390 20041-0390. I in defines population I 1974, I I growth as enemy of the 250 pages $250 EIR 94-005 the L ------______� Founder and Contributing Editor: Lyndon H. LaRouche, Jr. Editorial Board: Melvin Klenetsky, Antony Papert, Gerald Rose, Dennis Small, Edward From the Managing Editor Spannaus, Nancy Spannaus, Jeffrey Steinberg, Webster Tarpley, Carol White, Christopher White Senior Editor: Nora Hamerman reative genius bridles at the very idea that it ust limit itself to Associate Editor: Susan Welsh C � Managing Editors: John Sigerson, only one field of endeavor, and let's not be bashful about it: A Ronald Kokinda leading modem-day example of this , is our Founding Editor, Lyndon Science and Technology: Carol White LaRouche. In this week's issue, LaRouche fires t:neopening shots of Special Projects: Mark Burdman Book Editor: Katherine Notley his Presidential primary campaign, and sets the goal of breaking the Advertising Director: Marsha Freeman U.S. Justice Department coverup of the Waco massacre, as the Circulation Manager: Stanley Ezrol crucial lever for defeating the Conservative Revolution crowd INTELLIGENCE DIRECTORS: Agriculture: Marcia Merry (p. 64). In our coverage of the unfolding tragedy in Bosnia, Asia and Africa: Lindo de Hoyos LaRouche calls upon the United States to completely break with the Counterintelligence: Jeffrey Steinberg, Paul Goldstein United Nations, and to take decisive air-based' military action in Economics: Christopher White order to end the Serb-led aggression (p. 40). European Economics: William Engdahl Thew-America: Robyn QUijano, Dennis Small On the profound question of the economic policies which have Law: Edward Spannaus driven this and other conflicts around the world to such a bloody Russia and Eastern Europe: Rachel Douglas, Konstantin George point in our supposedly "peacetime" era, our Ibe�-American editor United States: Kathleen Klenetsky Dennis Small applies LaRouche's physical-ecoqomic principles to INTERNATIONAL BUREAUS: reveal the hoax of the "Chilean economic miracle," and shows a way Bangkok: Pakdee Tanapura, Sophie Tanapura Bogota: Jose Restrepo out (p. 16). Bonn: George Gregory, Rainer Apel Our proceeds to the field of Classical music-a field Buenos Aires: Gerardo Teran Feature Copenhagen: Poul Rasmussen where physical science, politics, and artbecome one. In LaRouche's Houston: Harley Schlanger Lima: Sara Madueiio address to a select group of musicians this past Memorial Day week­ Mexico City: Hugo L6pez Ochoa end, he allows us to experience musical performances which he Milan: Leonardo Servadio New Delhi: Susan Maitra recently attended in Europe, as if through his owq eyes and ears,and Paris: Christine Bierre then lays out the criteria for reviving the high standards of Classical Rio de Janeiro: Silvia Palacios Stockholm: Michael Ericson musical education (p. 24). Washington, D.C.: William Jones Although LaRouche is the most masterful applier of "musical" Wiesbaden: Goran Haglund principles to all fields he touches, this is certainly not unique to him.

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Interviews Reviews National Economy

6 Yakubu Bako 37 Farrakhan plays Mr. Balm, the military Mendelssohn administrator for Nigeria's Akwa A review of the videotape, "For Thom state, speaks on development Love of Music-Farrakhan Plays efforts there . the Violin."

8 Gregory Agbonemi Group Captain Gregory Agbonemi, Departments the military administrator of

Nigeria's Cross River state, says The"Chile8\l economic miracle," brainchild of Milton 12 Report from Bonn Friednuul Chicago that in a nutshell, Nigeria's . . aIjdthe Boys, � meant thegrowth Fiscal constraints block of only one economic indicator: debt to the interna- . problems all economic . are employment. tiona! banks.

43 Nedzib Sacirbey 13 Labor in Focus 16 An obituary for London's The Bosnian ambassador-at-Iarge Challenge to the AFL-CIO old 'Chilean economic miracle' and the spokesman of President guard. After the Mexican miracle went Alija Izetbegovic in the United kaputt, the Chicago School used­ States, speaking on July 5 and 11 car shlesmen have trotted out the after the fall of Srebrenica, says, 61 Andean Report Military 1, SamperO. neo-liberal Chilean success story "We asking for air strikes to are for sale to a gullible public. The defend the population." 72 Editorial trutlt is that in 22 years of Friedmanite administration, Chile's Don't privatize your grandmother. 49 Lyndon H. LaRouche, Jr. physical economy has declined in The American statesman arid author percapita and per household terms, sees the recent British Tory Party while the bubble of foreign debt Photo and graphic credits: Cover election, as a defeat for the Nazi grew more than sixfold. design, EIRNS; photo, PBS. Pages wing. 18,20-23,27,32, EIRNS. Page 25, EIRNS/Stuart K. Lewis. Page 54 Maximiliano Londono 30,PB S. Page 35, New York Economics! Penilla Public Library Picture Collection. The leader of the lbero-American Page 38, EIRNS/Carlos Wesley. 4 FoQd cartel companies Solidarity Movement in Colombia under fire for price-fixing explains why Colombia must change its legal framework in order scheme The /lction promises to have a to win the war on drugs . dramatic impact on world food prodUction-and U.S. politics. 57 Raffaele Morini A former comrade of Enrico ! Mattei's in the liberation war 9 Cu�rency Rates against Fascism. 10 Its granaries full, India 58 Fulvio Bellini looks to become a The author of a 1971 book, The foodgrain exporter I Assassination o/Mattei, recently gave key testimony to the state 14 Business Briefs prosecutor of Pavia. Volume22, Number29, July21, 1995

Feature International National

24 The principle of unity of 40 'U.S. must puD out from 64 LaRouche fires salvo science and art the U.N.,' says LaRouche against Republican Waco Lyndon H. LaRouche, Jr. in Documentation: Statements by coverup . dialogue with collaborators of the Bosnian President Izetbegovic , The opening issue of Lyndon movement to found the National Prime Minister Silajdzic, Pope John LaRouche's campaign for the 1996 Conservatory of Music, highlights Paul II, and others . Democratic Presidential nomination the lessons of the unique Boys' is a call for the congressional Choir of St. Thomas Church in 45 Egypt, Algeria steered hearings on the 1993 Waco Leipzig, where J.S. Bach spent toward confrontations massacre to expose the realculprits some of his most productive years By Muriel Mirak-Weissbach. in the Departments of Justice and and where the entire Bach choral associated private agencies. repertoire is still rigorously 47 African patriots gather in rehearsed and performed. Paris 66 Whitewatergaters are Speaking at the Schiller Institute's playing with fire 34 New developments in July II conference on Peace, 'Furtwangier case' Development, and Human Rights 67 Schumer sets stage for As the substructure of financial were the former President of attack on Clinton policy is beginning to waver in Uganda and a top Nigerian Britain, visible cracks and fissures delegation. 68 Congressional Closeup in the "superstructure" of cultural policy cannot fail to appear, and no 50 The Rajiv Gandhi issue is more significant than the 70 National News reputation of the German orchestra assassination: Will the director Wilhelm Furtwiingler. truth prevail? Afterfour years, the tell-tale signs of a broader conspiracy behind the 37 Farrakban plays heinous crime emerge. Mendelssohn The leader of the Nation of Islam 52 Venezuela-Brazil ties not astonished the world with a virtuoso performance of one of the most on IMF's agenda tender and compassionate pieces of Documentation: Excerpts from the music in the Classical repertoire , "Act of Miraflores,"issued by the Felix Mendelssohn's Violin Presidents of Venezuela and Brazil. Concerto in E minor, Opus 64. The videotape portraying the 56 New proof that Italian performance and the story that led industrialist Enrico Mattei up to it, is also a work of art. was murdered More than 30 years after Mattei's plane fell from the sky in 1962, a probe opensthat could have big international repercussions.

62 International Intelligence �TIillEconolllics

Food cartel companies under fire for price-fixingscheme

by Jeffrey Steinberg

Inan action that promisesto have a dramatic impact on global man (D-N.M.), a former New Mexico AttorneyGeneral and food production, as well as on American politics, the Clinton a Clinton political appointee. administration has moved in against some of the world's biggest and most powerful grain cartels. On June 27, FBI The politics of grain agents served subpoenas and search warrants on top execu­ The grain business worldwide is dominated by a handful tives of ArcherDaniels Midland, Cargill, Tate and Lyle, and of giant cartels, led by Cargill land ADM, that exert nearly CPC. A federal grand jury in Chicago is probing price fixing total control over world food Production and distribution. by the four agri-business giants. At this point, the probe Their awesome power has go�e largely unchallenged for appearsto be particularly focused on ADM, an $11-billion-a­ decades. Although almost exclqsively U.S.-based, the grain year, Decatur, lllinois-based food-processing conglomerate cartels represent one of the mo�t important power bases for that dominates the U.S. and world markets in such products the London-headquartered Club of the Isles, the coordinating as high-fructose com syrup (HFCS), a basic ingredient in agency for the European royal and princely households softdrinks and many other processed foods, as well as flour, chaired by Britain's House of Windsor. It is through the grain alcohol (ethanol), lysine, and citric acid. political clout of the grain cartels that the Club has been able According to the Wall Street Journal, the current probe to exerttremendous political influence in Washington and in was instigated in 1992, when a senior official of ADM, Mark most state capitals across America. Whitacre, went to the Justice Department with evidence that The cartels' abilityto contrllll world food prices is one of the company was engaging in price fixing and other illegal the most powerful weapons in the hands of Prince Philip and practices. Whitacre, a biochemist, is currently the president his Club of the Isles cohorts in their drive to decrease world of ADM's BioProducts Division. For the next three years, population. Iffood is the Club's most powerful weapon in its outfittedwith FBI tape-recorders and hidden cameras, Whit­ pursuit of radical malthusian l'Qpulation reduction, the grain acregathered evidence of price fixingby ADM and the other cartels are at the very center of their military order of battle. firms now identified as targets of the probe. This hit on the grain cartels comes in the midst of what When FBI agents raided the ADM headquarters on the Lyndon LaRouche has characterized as a "war and a half' evening of June 27, teams of agents also visited the homes between the United States and the Club of the Isles apparatus; of numerous top executives, playing the audio- and video­ and while it is too early to say precisely how the anti-trust tapesof the price-fixingsessions and soliciting their coopera­ action fits into that overall battile, it is hard to imagine that tion in the investigation. That kind of action, a rarity in the two monumental events are unrelated. an anti-trust case, suggests that there is high-level political In fact, one of the targeted companies in the anti-trust support inside the Clinton administration for the monopoly­ probe, Tate and Lyle, is Britain's pre-eminent sugar cartel, busting effort. The anti-trust unit at the Justice Department which has dominated Britain's Caribbean affairs since the is headed by Anne Bingaman, the wife of Sen. Jeffrey Binga- heyday of the slave trade in the last century. Tate and Lyle's

4 Economics ElK July 21, 1995 HFCS division, A.E. Staley Manufacturing Co. of Decatur, us? What in the hell would they do �ith the farm program Illinois, is suspected of involvement in fixing the price of without us?" I

:.. com syrup. In recent years, ADM has bought a 7.9% stake in Tate and Lyle. Profiteeringfrom starvation In fact, to answer Andreas's question, the U.S. govern­ Dwayne Andreas's world ment, family farmers, and starving people all over the world While most of the giant grain cartels, including Cargill, would do quite well without the likes of ADM and the other Bunge, Andre, Continental, and Louis Dreyfus, are privately grain cartels. The policies of the grain cartels have led to owned, shadowy operations that wield their political power dramatic declines in world food prQduction, skyrocketing ' from behind the scenes, ADM is a different kettle of fish. costs to consumers (which never find their way down to the ADM is the only grain cartel company to trade its stock farmers who grow the grains and ra�se the livestock), and publicly-over$9 billion worth . wild speculation on the commodities futures markets. ADM Chairman Dwayne Andreas was a top official for Writing in the July 17 issue of NewF ederalist newspaper, Cargill for seven years, before going on to create the ADM EIR Agriculture Editor Marcia Merry Bakercatalogued this empire. He is a major funder of both the Republican and collapse in production and the speculative bubble that has Democratic parties, and is a high-visibility Washington gone along with· it. Debunking' the fraud that falling food wheeler-dealer who has been charged with, but never con­ production has been the result of natural disasters and bad victed of, bribing elected officials. An internationalintriguer weather, she laid the responsibility for the decrease in food as well, he was once described as former Soviet President production on "a small group of companies-the commodi­ Mikhail Gorbachov's "closest pal in the West." ties wing of the internationalfinancial interests" -who "have Andreas, by his own admission, is also an intimate friend made mega-profits dominating food processing and trade; of the Anti-Defamation League of B'nai B'rith, a front for and they are now anticipating spectacular gains from price international organized crime that passes itself off as a civil hikes, futures, and derivative tradingfrom food shortages" rights lobby. When the ADL fell on financial hard times in that they themselves are fostering. the late 1970s, Andreas promptly bailed them out by setting Grain production worldwide, for'example, in the fiscal up a real estate trust for the tax exempt group. On another year that ende<;l June 30, was estimated at 1,744 million occasion, he wrote the ADL a check for $1 million. At con­ metric tons, and the projected figure for 1995-96 is 1,724 gressional hearings several years ago, Andreas boasted that million tons. To meet the minimal food requirements of the he learned "everything he knows" about politics and interna­ current world population, Merry Baker estimates that the tional affairs from Ben Epstein, the late head of the ADL's world production per annum should qe well over 3,000 mil­ self-described "Minneapolis Mafia," who was League na­ lion tons-over 40% more than current outputs. Existing tional director for nearly 30 years. stocks of grain, which should be at minimum three months' In January 1989, syndicated columnists Rowland Evans worth, have fallen to 52 days' worthr-a global food emer­ and Robert Novak implicated Andreas, along with ADL gency by any standards. Honorary Vice Chairman Edgar Bronfman of Seagrams Li­ As the result of the grain cartels' choke-hold over the quor Co. , in a scheme to funnel American grain at below­ processing and trading-i.e., the route from the farmer to marketprices to the Soviet Union, in exchange for shipping the consumer-grain production haa been kept artificially hundredsof thousands of Soviet Jews to Israel. low. Not so for prices. In June alone, the price of wheat at Andreas is unabashed about the tremendous power that the Chicago Futures Market jumped by 17% in just two ADM and the other food cartels exert over the world econo­ weeks ! And the futures price is up 42% fromone yearago . my , all but boasting that they hold the U.S. government As a spinoff of these developmel1ts on the world grain hostage. markets, there are shortages of production and skyrocketing In an interview published in the August 1995 issue of prices on the dairy product markets as well. In Russia, for Mother Jones magazine, Andreas bragged to an astonished example, the price of powdered milk has increased 400% in reporter: "There isn't one grain of anything in the world that the past year, and there are shorta#s of butter and milk is sold in a free market. Not one ! The only place you see a projected for the next year. free market is in the speeches of politicians. People who are What is the cartel's proposed sollltion to this crisis? To not in the Midwest do not understand that this is a socialist begin trading on fluidmilk futures on'the New York or Lon­ country ....We 're the biggest [foodand agriculture] com­ don exchanges. pany in the world. How is the government going to run The price-fixing probe of ADM, Cargill, and the others without people like us? We make 35% of the bread in this potentially hits at the heart of their f�-war strategy. Wheth­ country; and that much of the margarine, and cooking oil, er the Clinton administration is fully:aware of it or not, the and all other things." He concluded, "Did somebody action recently undertaken against these grain cartelsis a shot dream there is some way that the government doesn't need heard 'round the world.

ElK July 21, 1995 Economics 5 Interview: Yakubu Bako

Development efforts in Nigeria's Akwa !born state

Mr. Bako is the military administrator for Nigeria's Akwa Bako: Yes. We are feeling the presence of Ompadec this Ibom state. He was interviewed by Uwe Friesecke and Law­ year, in tennsof production of I1I1ralelectricity, water supply, renee Freeman in Nigeria on Oct. 9, 1994. and rural roads. Last year, the impact wasn't much, because Akwa Ibom state was not designated as one of the oil-pro­ EIR: I understand this is a newly fonned state; what are the ducing states; but since that waslrectified this year, Ompadec important things about it that we should know about? is performing very well. Bako: Akwa Ibom state is one of the newer states; we cele­ I brated the seventh anniversary on Sept. 27. Akwa Thorn is EIR: So you are now one of the eight states that falls under the number three oil producing state in Nigeria. We also this Ompadec category? support the federal government, in tenns of production of Bako: Yes, we are one of the �ght oil-producing states. crude oil. Apart from that, we have a lot of other industries; raw materials that are available here, in tenns of fann pro­ EIR: You brought up roads ,I electrification, and water. duce; the fe deral government paper mill is here; fishing is Could you tell us what plans and projects your state has for also part of the potential in this state. Also rubber plantations . improvement in these areas of I infrastructure, and what the problems are and how you are going to overcome them? EIR: Arethere estimations of a large amount of potential oil Bako: In tenns of water proje�ts, luckily we got an agree­ still to be exploited here? ment with the Exlm Bank of the United States. Some of the Bako: Yes. There are some of the oil wells that have been equipment for rural water supply arrived, so we are starting tapped and closed, to be reserved. provisioning of rural water through the loan obtained from the Exlm Bank. And roads alSo; here our work is mainly EIR: One of the claims that has been made is that the oil during the dry season. One can hardly construct roads during companies have come in, taken the oil, but have not helped the rainy season. So in Octob,r and November, we begin out the local people and have not built the infrastructure to construction of roads. This is also the same with rural electri­ help out the people of the area; has that been the case here? fication. I have the Ministry of Rural Development; it is Bako: Since I've come, I've been trying to cultivate a good taking care of electrificationof rural areas. We nonnallyhave relationship between the oil companies and the people here . a tripartite arrangement. We involve the local community, So far they have been assisting, helping to show that they and then the state governmentaomes in. appreciate that they are prospecting for oil in Akwa Thorn state, and they are giving some of the benefits to the com­ EIR: During the crisis of 1993, could you tell us what you munity. found when you came in as go�ernorhere in this state? Bako: Obviously, I did not just wake up one day and say: EIR: So, the oil gives you a substantial source of revenue Come to Akwa lbom state. I \\lasstationed in Lagos before which the state then has to make improvements with? my appointment here. The crisis was building up and we Bako: The oil revenue, as usual, goes to the federal govern­ were all disgusted with what was happeningand were praying ment; whatever federal allocation we get, we use that. for a solution to the political crisis that was not created by the present military people. I lCan say for myself: We are EIR: So the state doesn't get any revenue? politically democratic officers,: if you put it that way, those Bako: Except in taxes, from workers . who believe in democracy. Ma�be that is why we were able to come in and just put in place a democratic structure that EIR: I understand that this governmentfonned an organiza­ will lead Nigeria forward . And. when I got here, I had many tion two years ago, Ompadec. What does it do? problems, because the then-civilian governor had to agree to

6 Economics EIR July 21, 1995 the dismantling of the weak structure that existed, because it Bako: For teachers, I have no pro.,lem because the major was not leading the country anywhere. I didn't want any sort problem was paying their salaries. Now they get their sala­ of crisis in Akwa Ibom state, and I made them realize that ries; actually, we have given them an increase-not only the crisis was not made by the people of Akwa Ibom state, teachers but all the civil servants. We started this this month. and so we cannot [be held responsible for] a crisis that we For doctors, I think they are excitedl not only those in Akwa did not do. Throughout this period, Akwa Ibom state has Ibom state, but also doctors of Akwa lbom origin that are been a very peacefulstate . outside. They are now excited whe� they see the specialist hospital. They say things like, "Let this hospital be com­ EIR: Could you take the areas of health and education, and pleted; we want to come home and contribute our own tell us concretely what type of progress has been made in quarter." So the problem is not now with motivation. They the ten months of your governorship? are even eager to come home, and show their expertise in Bako: When we came in, the teachers' salaries were not this area. being paid; the teachers were owed. We were able to pay the arrears, and made sure that the teachers went back into EIR: But can all the families today afford the health care? the schools. So, right now we do not owe any teacher. Some For example, somebody told us, "It's good andfine , but if of the schools have a plan of upgrading the schools to provide you go to a clinic or to a doctor, he prescribes medicine; a more constructive education forthe people of Akwa Ibom then you have to go buy it; many people don't have the state . This we are vigorously pursuing, that at the end of money any more. This was different 15 years ago." What's the day we will have enough students from Akwa Ibom the situation today? state to fill its quota in all the universities; we are working Bako: Yes; when I came in I had this problem and we seriously on that. The university we have here is run by the embarked on provisional free drugs-not just subsid�zed federal government. drugs, but free drugs. I want to do this from time to time, With respect to health, we have a plan that within the inasmuch as I have the financial resources to do so. But next two years or so, each local government should have a from time to time, we will purchase drugs and distribute general hospital. We have continued the construction of four them free of charge to all the general hospitals and clinics, general hospitals in four local governmentareas . Once these to make sure that those who actu�lly need drugs will get four hospitals are completed, then we will have such a situation. I visited the site of construction of a specialist hospital. Because of the location of Akwa Ibom state, the nearest place is Calabar, and it takes over an hour to drive there. When somebody really needs this hospital, he has to drive an hour. So I decided to pick up the construction of a specialist hospital, and by the grace of God, I think in December we will get it commissioned. It may be seen as progress, but I'm looking at this as a necessityfor this state government.

EIR: The four hospitals you are talking about; for how long had they been on the drawing board, and for how long had they been stalled and for what reason? Bako: They had been on the drawing board during the previous administration, and we want to get them completed this year. I'm not sure why they didn't move ahead with these hospitals; perhapsdue to lack of money, due to political reasons. I'm not a politician. All I wanted was to complete the hospitals. It is just like this specialist hospital. It was abandoned. The administrative block was started three years ago, and was abandoned. When I came in, we went back to the drawing board, expanded it, and took it up. In the next two months, we will get it completed.

EIR: Do you have any problems motivating doctors, or teachers, either coming to the state or remaining in the state and working?

EIR July 21, 1995 Economics 7 them. What we are doing is supplementary, since we cannot goes on salaries, so you are nqt benefitting from the loan; do it all the time. this is my personal experience�

EIR: As far as equipment is concerned for these hospitals, EIR: Half of the loan goes fot salaries for whom? do you have to import it, or is there Nigerian-manufactured Bako: When you sign the loan, you have to pay the techni­ equipment? Is it difficult with the low naira [national curren­ cal partner that will come to eXiecute that project in foreign cy] to buy equipment? currency, and they have to come from abroad. We have so Balm: Especially because we are going to import oil, we many financed projects in Akwa Ibom state. Half of the decided to solicit assistance, so this is social services to the money so far released, has gone for salaries alone. people. We wrote to the oil companies-like Mobil, Shell­ to help us and donate some of this equipment. And another group in the United States decided to send a dialysis unit to us. Most of the equipment for the specialist hospital, since we cannot fund it alone, and since oil will be imported, Interview: GregoryAgbonemi we tend to solicit for assistance from organizations and corporate bodies.

EIR: Is that sufficient for your needs? Bako: We want to get whatever we can get; then we will In a nutshen, our look at how to supplement this. To equip this specialist hospital is going to be very expensive; we may not be able to carry it out alone. problem is economic

EIR: Do you have cases where doctors are coming back Group Captain Gregory Agboriemi is the military adminis­ from overseas after their training; or is most of the training trator of Nigeria's Cross River state. He was interviewed of the doctors done in Nigeria, and then they remain here? by Uwe Friesecke and Lawrente Freeman during a visit to Bako: Yes, we have doctors whom we send overseas for Nigeria in October 1994. specialist training, and who come back. This is a big reason The National ConstitutionaJ Conference to which Cap­ why we should have this specialist hospital. Because right tain Agbonemi refers, as EIR reported in our June 16, 1995 now most of the hospitals we have are general hospitals. issue, has now concluded and has presented its report to When we train the specialist doctors, they don't have the the government of head of stat'c Gen. Sani Abacha. means to practice in full what they trained for overseas. ElK: Since becoming the mil�tary administrator of Cross River state, can you tell us something about the situation EIR: Earlier you mentioned an ExIm Bank loan to the that you found here, and the programs you've initiated? government of Akwa Ibom. We are a bit critical about Agbonemi: Since my arrival here, the first thing that drew foreign loans-their terms, their repayment, conditionali­ my attention was the sanitation in the urban area. I must ties, and so forth. I believe that loan was taken before you admit that I was not too impressed. I went around and became the military administrator. Firstly, I'd like you to discovered that the inhabitantS were actually doing their give your own view, based on a review of those terms of best, toiling, hiring beggars h�re and there to clean up the such extended loans, and implications to the future of the town, cleaning gutters, involving children, women. I discov­ Akwa Thorn treasury or purse. Secondly, when you came ered that they were trying to do everything on their own; into office, did you review those terms, with a cost-benefit there was no outside assistan()e. Compared with some of analysis? What would you advise other state governments the other states that I've seenj the kind of assistance that to be careful with, or what to be aware of, or what are the comes fromWorld Bank develQPment, the idea of infrastruc­ benefits, and so on? tural development that is normally given by the World Bank Bako: My personal view about loans, if I have my way, to assist states, had not been understood or assimilated by from my experience, is that you don't take foreign loans. this state. I was surprisedto see that people had to gather their If I had my way, I wouldn't. With respect to this ExIm meager resources to contribute to the hiring of pay loaders to Bank loan, we are reviewing the terms from the cost analysis clear their fields, and so on. standpoint. When the report is submitted, we will determine So it is my intention, first ofall, to attempt to get World if we will go on with stage two of the loan. But from my Bank support for the capital oity, and then later for other own view, definitely, I cannot encourage any foreign loan, towns within the state. In that !regard, I would like them to because if you find out the technicalities, half of that loan assist in terms of equipment, payloaders, special dust bins, to

8 Economics EIR July 21, 1995 enable us to maintain the cleanliness that the town deserves.

EIR: You brought up the question of sanitation. Following Currency Rates up on that theme: What other major infrastructure improve­ ments would you like to see in the Cross River state? We're The dollar in deutschemarks talking about roads, electricity, clean water. Could you tell New Yorklate ."' moonfixing us some of your plans and how you see that development occurring? 1.50 Agbonemi: Cross River state is a somewhat old state; 1.40 I\. you've heard of the city of of Calabar. It's a city that was � important historically, but now much of its glory is gone. 1.30 It is my intention to revive the glory of the entire state. The

inhabitants are very eager to regain the lost glory of the 1.20 state. Everyone has realized that the best way to do that is through economic viability. 1.10 In terms of attitude of the people, it is quite good. 5124 5131 6/7 6/14 6/21 7/5 7112 However, we need to assist the people to develop them­ The dollar in yen selves. New Yorklate afte rnoon fixing There are other areas of economic concern within the state. There is a cement factory here. The production there 100 is not the best. Again, that needs resuscitation; we are trying

to put plans in place to get some assistance and get the 90 cement factory going the way it should go. It has been a I- very creative business in Nigeria, the cement business. 80 � There are other economic ventures in Cross River state, such as a plant where we produce and export rubber. And � then we have the palm oil estates. My intention is to try and raise the level of production in those areas, and thereby � 5124 5131 6/7 6/14 raise the standard of living of every person within the state. 6/21 6/28 7/5 7/12 In a nutshell, the main problem is economic. And I keep The British pound in dollarS coming back to this, to raise the economic viability of the New York lateaftemoon fixing state, and consequently thereby raise the standard of living of each person within Cross River state. 1.80

1.70 EIR: You are a military administrator of this state; are you looking forward to returning the state to civilian rule and 1.60 moving on with your military career at some point? ""iiiiiiiiO Agbonemi: I would say "yes." I'm prepared, even right 1.50 now, to move on to my military assignment. All we are waiting for is for the Constitutional Conference to conclude; 1.40 tell us the conclusions about that, and we will implement 5124 5131 6/7 6/14 6/21 6/28 7/5 7112 them immediately and return to barracks. We moved in to prevent the disintegration of the nation. Not because we The dollar in Swiss francs New York lateafte moon fixi ng wanted to rule; no, that is not our interest. I'm saying that because there are some people who say: 1.30 "Oh, the head of state wants to head Nigeria." But they have

forgotten that, if General Abacha had wanted to head this l.20 nation, he could have done it a long time ago. He had several I- opportunities to do it. But he didn't. He was head of the 1.10 � Army. He controlled everything; he didn't take over. He was , minister for defense; he had every opportunity to take over, 1.00 but he didn't. He moved in because people were begging. It is no secret; this is documented. People were virtually beg­ 0.90 ging the military to come in and save the situation. 5124 5131 6/7 7/5 7112

EIR July 21, 1995 Economics 9 •

I ts granaries full, India looks to become a foodgrain exporter by Ramtanu Maitra

As the prediction of another normal monsoon is promising puts together a food export po�icy, in conjunction with a one more bumper kharif(wetseason) crop, India has decided more aggressive domestic policy:to help feed the abject poor. to export foodgrains to both China and Bangladesh. Although The food export policy should also be designed to benefit the declared export amount so far is less than a half-million those nations, particularly in AfIjica, Asia, and even Russia, tons, the event itself is historic because it announces the which are in dire need of foodgrains and are trying not to emergence of India as a foodgrain-surplus nation. compromise their national inter¢st due to shortage of food . The meager amount that India has contracted to ship out India's food export policy must have the hallmarkof helping so far does not, by any means, reflect the country's present to feed those who do not have enough to eat-as a token of available surplus. Buoyed by seven consecutive good mon­ goodwill and freefrom commercial benefits. soons, four successive bumper crops, and an active govern­ The problem of plenty, however, has shown its happy ment policy to procure and store a percentage of total food­ face only recently, but there is e�ry reason to expect that the grain production to provide food security for the poor "problem" will get bigger over the coming years. Although throughout the year, India has built up a buffer stock of about India's foodgrain production ha$ gone up significantly, the . 40 million tons of foodgrains. The government has set a average productivity of agriculttlralland has remained well target of exporting 4.5 million tons of foodgrains this year. below its optimum. While the� exist pockets of very high productivity, particularlyin thost states wherethe greenrev­ End of food insecurity olution has changed the landscape, India's improvement in In the 30 years since the mid- 1960s, India's foodgrain foodgrain productivity is well bdlow what China, South Ko­ situation has changed vastly. At that time, India was labelled rea, and Japan have already aohieved in rice production. by the various institutions and academics in the West as a India-which straddles the whei!lt and rice-growing zones, basket case and a potential perpetual burden to humankind. unlike China and East Asia where paddy rice is the main Some within a selected circle in the West had even started cereal cultivated and consumed-i-has done better with wheat debating whether the powers-that-be should take the trouble productivity, but even in that clategory the average is still of keeping this food-short, highly populated India alive. well below what can be achieved� In 1980, a study conducted India then was producing less than 80 million tons of food­ by EIR in collaboration with th� Fusion Energy Foundation grains annually to feed some 500 million people, and the based in the United States, had shown that with adequate country was facing large-scale starvation. Following a limit­ inputs, India's overall foodgrain production can reach as ed success with the "green revolution" in a handful of states, high as 300-400 million tons-which could easily support 2 and achieving general improvements in the application of billion people with essential cereals. agro-technologies nationwide, India has surely climbed over the hump, and the country's foodgrain production is expect­ New strains, new promise ed to reach 186 million tons this year to feed its 870 million As of now, India has done much too little to develop people. an infrastructure which could I!lelp extract a healthy land The transformation from a foodgrain-short nation to a productivity. At the same time, there is no question that the foodgrain-surplus nation has now confronted India with a country has nonetheless done enough, under tough financial new problem, which some address as the "problem of plen­ constraints, to assure food security to its 870 million peo­ ty ," a situation New Delhi is little prepared to deal with. The ple-an achievement which mU$t not be underrated. On the country is presently sitting on a mountain of foodgrains, a positive side, India's success with agro-sciences has now good portion of which are not adequately stored or preserved. been well documented. New *ains of pest and drought­ It is also evident that this large buffer stock cannot be liquidat­ resistant rice, wheat, and various coarse grains have been ed quickly down to a manageable level unless New Delhi developed in Indian laboratories to fit the varying Indian

10 Economics EIR July 21 , 1995 • farmland conditions. A recent news item indicates that the has reduced subsidies for foodgrain$ at the PDS outlets. As real bounty may be in the offing in the coming years. Ac­ a result, the price difference between the PDS and the open cording to scientists at the Central Rice Research Institute market foodgrains has narrowed to ;a point that many PDS (CRRI) in Cuttuck, they have achieved a major breakthrough customers have begun buying from the open market. This in developing what they call "super rice." has further increased the buffer stock and, as the trend The official release, issued in April , had said that the shows, the PDS sale of foodgrains continues to decrease. variety , named "Lunishree" by the CRRI scientists, has a Under the circumstances, some !observers have pointed high-yield potential of about 15 tons per hectare-almost out, the best option left for the goivernment is to identify 25% more than the latest high-yield variety paddy confirmed the real poor and provide them with foodgrains free of cost by the scientists at the International Rice Research Institute or at a nominal price. For the re�t of the lower income (IRRI) at Los Banos in the Philippines. This means that if families, the PDS option must be relduced significantly, the the Lunishree variety is planted, where, under average field observers point out. conditions, productivity is 15-20% lower than optimum po­ Another group of observers suggest that the government, tential, the CRRI scientists estimate that another 100 million instead of procuring the entire am�nt at the beginning of tons of rice could be produced through this new variety alone. the harvest season, should procure from the market on a The other interesting features of the Lunishree variety in­ regular basis to meet its PDS reqIJirement. This will no cludes the fact that it does not require extrainputs, in compar­ doubt reduce the government's financial burden caused by ison to the international high-breed variety; it has a high one-time purchases to inflate the foodgrain stock further, resistance to salinity; and it possesses a high density of rice and will keep the buffer stock at a m-.oageablelevel through­ grains with attractive long grains and refined features. The out the year. In addition, if the government announces its species, which includes a number of hybridized and mutated procurement policy well in advance and sticks to it, there varieties, had been field-testedduring 1992-94, and the Lun­ is little likelihood that the foodgrain prices will rise because ishree variety has now been introduced in the Cuttuck district of the government's slow but steady'purchases. On the other in Orissa. hand, some observers feel that sudh a policy may violate With the introduction of the Lunishree and the IRRI vari­ the very essence of the procureme�t program, which is to eties,there is little doubt that India's problem of plenty will support the small farmers, and, hen�e, would be politically I get bigger. The issue has already generated some discussion difficult to implement. in this country, and a number of solutions to resolve the The third way to dispose of th� surplus is to export to ensuing problem have been offered. One of the issues is the food-short nations. There seems to, be a unanimity among large amount of public money which remains locked in place the Indian observers on this issue, tlbough most suggest the due to the government's continually increasing buffer stock. exportation of foodgrains as an additional means to generate foreign exchange and enhance the country's importation What is confusing is that the government has worked out a . policy whereby there cannot be a cut-off point of the buffer capacity in other areas. stock. Since the buffer stock buildup was primarily to tide It is certain that India will be lOOking to export its food­ over the lean foodgrain-production years, it is also tied up grain surplus in coming years. However, it does not have with the government policy to procure about 10% of the the infrastructure to carry it out. '1rhe basic requirements foodgrains produced to help out the smaller farmers . The of bagging foodgrains, transportin$ them by railroad, and idea generally, was to distribute the foodgrains through the storing them in silos at outlet pointlS, are simply not there . public distribution system (PDS) at a highly subsidized rate The process has remained entirely manual, time consuming, to the poor and still maintain a reasonable stock for the pro­ and expensive. The advantage of baving become a food­ verbial rainy day. surplus nation will remain largely unutilized in the immedi­ ate future due to lack of adequate tail and port facilities. Weak preparations The lack of infrastructure may flot be the only obstacle However, things have changed since the policy was to India's necessity to enhance foOdgrain production and formulated some five decades ago. The pricing of the PDS subsequent exportation of the surplus. With the advent of rice has gone up significantly because the government is the World Trade Organization and the World Trade Agree­ unwilling to subsidize foodgrain prices at the PDS level any ment on Jan. 1, 1995, the world is entering into an era of further. The government claims that the buffer stock itself competition, replacing cooperation� possessiveness, replac­ nails down about $5.5 billion in the form of foodgrains in ing sharing; and private profit rath�r than the public good the central warehouses, and the annual expenditure to pro­ will provide the prime motivation for research and develop­ cure fresh foodgrains and maintain the existing stock comes ment, a leading Indian agro-scienti$t said recently. India, a close to another $550 million. As the foodgrain procurement victim of food used as a political w�apon in the 1960s, must prices have been increased significantly in recent years to use its bounty to spread goodwill and friendship in the region provide increased remuneration to farmers , the government and beyond.

EIR July 21, 1995 Economics 11 Reportfro m Bonn by RainerApel

Fiscal constraints block employment 7.3%. SUPIIDrtfor workers who have Continuing to pay the debt leaves no moneyfo r investment in "failed" to get employment for more housing and infrastructure projects . than 150 days last year will be "phased out," and they will receive less from the unemployment offices, whose funds will be subsidized with DM 3.7 It was a "catastrophically wrong de­ the launching of work on the high­ billion less 1>yBo nn in FY 96. cision" by the cabinet of Chancellor speed railway line from Cologne to This cmmge not only hits low­ Helmut Kohl to propose, on July 5, Frankfurt, before FY 94 expired. skilled workers, but more and more it drastic budgets cuts in the range of Also in this case, Waigel "saved" also hits the highest-qualified work­ DM 25 billion (roughly $16 billion) DM 2.3 billion, which he otherwise ers , who diD't get employment be­ for FY 1996, Christian Roth of the would have had to transfer to the DB . cause more �nd more German compa­ German construction industryassoci­ Given W aigel' s obsession with nies are in the process of "out­ ation charged in a Bonn press confer­ austerity, these alleged "planning fail­ sourcing"-teithermoving production ence on July 7. The cabinet proposal ures" on the municipal and other lev­ abroad intO! low-salary zones of the to cut the Transportation Ministry els are now being taken as a pretext world mar�et, or replacing German budget by 4.4% will, Roth warned, for drastic budget cuts. workers an4 engineers with "less ex­ make delays in public sector construc­ In its draft for the FY 96 govern­ pensive" cdlleagues from, for exam­ tion projects even worse. ment budget, Waigel's staff proposed ple, eastern Europe. In the construc­ Roth said that already before the that child support, a direct benefitand tion sector, 4U1estimated 250,000such , new cuts were announced, only an es­ aspect of postwar social policy which "less expeJilsive" workers are em- . timated 20% of the entire national the state is obliged to pay, be trans­ ployed more or less legally. There is "Transport Infrastructure Projects formed into a tax rebate that is handled hardly a co*struction site in Germany German Unity" program had been by the revenue services-which are a where ond doesn't hear workers launched, so that now, an investment municipal institution. This means the speaking Polish, Czech, Hungarian, volume of DM 48 billion is blocked, government would "save" DM 21 bil­ Romanian, 'or Portuguese-workers and will remain blocked for some lion in the coming fiscal year, while who earnone-third or less on average time, should the FY 96 budget be the municipalities-which already what is paid German workers. okayed by the parliament in autumn. suffer from immense indebtedness The main reason for this process At the same time, spokesmen of that keeps increasing, since tax reve­ that is dequ�ifying the German labor the municipalities in the five eastern nue from industry is low because of force and slowing down public hous­ states reported that the official guide­ the economic depression and the fail­ ing and infrastructure projects, de­ line given out by the federal govern­ ure to attract new investments­ laying many by years, is the govern­ ment to seek less ambitious and less would have to collect that money to ment's loyallty to the payment of debt expensive projects, will mean that continue child support. This money service: In : the FY 96 draft which only 15% of the DM 10 billion munic­ would have to be collected from new Waigel proposed, almost 20% of the ipal development program will be municipal taxes on consumption of DM 452 billion budget, DM 89 bil­ used in FY 95-for lack of concrete public services, such as energy and lion, is eannarked for payments on projects. This means that Finance water supply, or garbage removal. government debt. Debt service is now Minister Theodor Waigel will "save" Already, the so-called "extra ex­ the second largest budget item DM 8.5 billion, which will not have penses" are becoming a "second rent" (DM 118 bij.lion)afterlabor and social to be transferred to the municipalities to be paid by middle-income families: services. If,things don't change, debt in the east. What you pay for your apartment or service will become the largest budget A similar picture exists in the state your home, you have to pay again for item before'the end of the decade. railways (DB). There , the DB could these municipal public services. As if the situation weren't bad not invest DM 2.3 billion that is listed The Finance Ministry staff also enough, the government plans to re­ in the official plans for construction proposed to cut the budget of the duce direct investments in public sec­ for 1994, because a combination of Transportation Ministry by 4.4%, that tor project!! from DM 72 billion in fiscal, ecological, and bureaucratic of agricultural affairs by 3.7%, and FY 95, down to DM 61 billion by obstacles blocked projects, including that of social and labor affairs by 2000.

12 Economics EIR July 21, 1995 Labor inFocus by Anton Chaitkin

Challenge to the AFL-CIO old guard as an unnecessary "non-labor" com­ Thefight over the leadership of the U.S. trade unionfederation mitment ofthe federation's resources. places labor at a crossroads. Backers of tIile Donahue ticket in­ clude the Amalg�ated Textile Work­ ers and the Intclnational Ladies Gar­ ment Workers i Union (these have merged); the National Education Asso­ new leadership group is bidding recently made similar attacks against ciation and the American Federationof toA take over the helm of the American Gingrich and company. Sweeney wel­ Teach� (they are merging); and the Federation of Labor-Congress of comes the current leadership's stance, NewspaperGuild and the Communica­ Industrial Organizations. John but suggests that his slate's campaign tions Workers of America (also merg­ Sweeney, president of the Service has forced their hand. ing). These groups historically have Employees International Union Afscme President Gerald W. supported the f�tion's British-in­ (SEIU), is running for AFL-CIO pres­ McEntee first announced on May 9 spired geopolitical involvements. ident against federation officerThom­ that he, Sweeney, Trumka, and their Sweeney re(:ently told a protest as Donahue, the chosen successor of allies had pulled together nine large rally that his SElU is ready to put na­ retiring president Lane Kirkland. The national unions to oppose Kirkland's tional resources, into a fight against election will occur at the AFL-CIO re-election. Kirkland subsequently any Los Angel(:s County plans for convention in October. said he would step aside. As of late mass layoffs . But Sweeney also told The challenge is a reflectionof the June, the Sweeney slate was backed the L.A. Board of Supervisors that process of breakdown collapse of the by 23 unions, comprising 7.3 million they should make less stringent aus­ U . S. industrial economy over the past members, or about 56% of the AFL­ terity plans, sinnlar to the 1975 "Big quarter-century, which has weakened CIO membership. Mac" financialcbntrol board arrange­ the structure and defenses of the labor The challenge to the AFL-CIO old ments in New York. "Big Mac" looted movement. guard roughly coincided with state­ union pension fJ)mds on behalf of the Running with Sweeney for other ments in May by President Clinton money center bianks, leading to the federation posts are United Mine that a long-term drop in living stan­ layoffs of tens of thousands of city Workers President Rich Trumka and dards underlies U.S. social problems, workers , and the further collapse of Linda Chavez-Thompson, a vice pres­ and by Labor Secretary Robert Reich the trade union movement. ident of the American Federation of that reversing the wage decline would Despite the best intentions of the State, County, and Municipal Em­ be the most important issue in the Sweeney group,' should they come to ployees (Afscme). 1996 election campaign. power they will find that militancy The Sweeney slate wants a $20 Sweeney, the Catholic son of Irish alone and exhortations to union or­ million per year "emergency" union immigrants, and Gerald McEntee ganizing cannot reverse the decline in organizing drive, targeting the unor­ have aided in President Clinton's ini­ trade union membership and the ganized and the states with anti-labor tiatives for peace in Ireland. McEntee plunge in wages 1 AfterPresident John ("right-to-work") laws, in particular played a key role in arranging a visa Kennedy's murder, national policy Texas and the South. for Sinn Fein leader Gerry Adams, changes demolished the industrial Al a June 28 rally in Washington, and helped organize an American of­ economy, eliminated high-wage jobs, D.C., the three challengers attacked ficefor the Sinn Fein. and set the stage' for the disintegration anti-labor Republicans, singling out Sweeney says that all AFL-CIO of the financial�st em. Speaker of the House Newt Gingrich operations would be subject to his At this point. labor's only hope is (Ga.) and Seils. Jesse Helms (N.C.) budget-axe scrutiny, including the a top-down bamkruptcy reorganiza­ and Bob Dole (Kan.). They vowed to formerly sacrosanct International Af­ tion of the banking system and a na­ train and support candidates who can fairs Department. That department's tional reconstruction program based defeat them, and said the AFL-CIO American Institute for Free Labor De­ on energy-intenSive, high-wage 21st­ should create counter-institutions to velopment, notorious as a "Project century technology. So far, neither the neo-conservative think-tanks. Democracy" front for British intelli­ the Sweeney nor the Donahue slate AFL-CIO Secretary-Treasurer gence and the Socialist International, has even begun �o deal with national Donahue, Sweeney's opponent, has now could be on the chopping block economic policy!.

EIR July 21, 1995 Economics 13 BusinessBrief s

Labor World nations would never beable to pay back The Russians will build a nuclear power their debt, even if they were to sell all their plant and a hydroelectric plant in China. The Pay higher wages, assets. One of the prime reasonsfor this "dra­ twocountries also agreed to conduct trade in than barter engineer industry matic catastrophe of international relation­ a convertible currency rather , be­ tells ships," was the refusalto allow bankruptcyre­ cause so much tradeis now conducted outside organization of the debt, which guarantees at thecontrol of border authorities. Both nations mana ''Today's gers have apparently forgotten least minimum protection of the debtor. In­ will cooperateto strengthenthe border police, dean the lesson taught by Henry Ford, of stead, the debtor today is put into slavery, he and at the sametime openmore bordercross­ American capitalism. He discovered that by loses any rights, and his basis for survival is ings andpuC bettercontrols on workerscross­ paying his auto workers the princely sum of being destroyed. ''There is no end of this pr0- ing the border. $5 a day (to the dismay of the rest of the indus­ cess; thereis theimpossibility of bankruptcy ," OnJune 27, Russian Prime MinisterVik­ try), it became possiblefor them to buy Ford he said. It was the IMF which forced devel­ tor Chernoqtyrdin said that Russian-Chinese cars . High wages, in the end, produce high oping countriesto tum their private debtinto relations � in a "qualitatively new phase." profits,"wroteWilliam F. Schreiber,af ormer public debt in order to prevent bankruptcies, professor of electrical engineering at the Mas­ where theinvestor would have lost hismoney , sachusettsInstitute of Technology, in a letter he charged. 2 New York Times. are to theJuly However, there ways toget rid of un­ South Africa The policyof "reducingthe numberofem-' payable mountains of debt, he said. After I ployees and their wages has become a wide­ World W!JfII, westernE� nations such Labor leader attacks spread and socially acceptable practice," he as England, France, andGermany were heavi­ said. "As a result,demand drops, inventories ly indebted, comparableto thesitUation today priv on po6cy build up, cutbacks increase, and we head into insome lbero-Amerlcan countrie s. This prob­ atiZati the classic spiral toward depression." lem was overcome, not by the Marshall Plan, John GoIll()JIlO, president of the Congress of ''This problem cannot and will not be but by the unlimited debt moratorium, first in South Afriqan Trade Unions, which brought solved by the freemark et," Schreiberconclud­ 1948,and then finally with the 1952 London 100,000to $00,000workers into strikeaction ed. "On the contrary, it has beenproduced by debtconfere nce. Hinkelanunelt states that to­ on June 19, castigated the African National a fonn offree market in which each enterprise day such a debt moratorium combined with Congressg�vernment for extolling the virtues takesactions that produce the highest profits a new economic world order is needed, and of privatization, in a commentaryin the June inthe short term. Since thatis what managers history has proven that this can work. 13 South African Star. "Public assets are not arenow paid to do, we ought not be surprised the private Jtopertyof aparticularpartyorgov­ at theresults. Ifwe want someother result,we ernment, bdt a heritage of the whole society. shall have to open our eyes to other possibil­ They should be protected from unilateral ac­ ities ." Eurasia tion taken byruling parti es," he said. Acceptirig''the blueprints of outside agen­ China reschedules Russian cies wanting to impose their dogma onto our situation" iSjIeading to the rationalizationthe of debt, improves ties Debt public sector, the rapidlifting of tradebarri ers, the establisbment of cheap-laborExport Pr0- Bankruptcy proceedings China will reschedule $306 million in debt in­ cessing Zones, and the advent of ''Thatcherite curred by the formerSoviet Union, a spokes­ monetarisll1,"he charged. "Apartfrom the s0- urged for Third World man for Russian President Boris Yeltsin an­ cial problem created by privatization, italso nounced as Yeltsin met with Chinese Prime has a poorrecord of creatingjobs . " Thefunds DieFurche, the weeklynewspaper of the Aus­ Minister Li Pengin the Kremlin, Itar-Tass re­ generated would amount to only one year's trianCatholic Church,called for the bankrupt­ portedJune on 28. Yeltsin hasaccepted an in­ servicing of the nationaldebt, he said. cy reorganization of Third World debt, in its vitation to visit China in the autumn. Meanwhile, Ockie Stuart, the director of June 29 issue in an editorial by Franz Hin­ Eight bilateral agreements were signed, the Stellen�h Bureau for Economic Re­ kelammert, an economist from Costa Rica. including on nuclear energycooperation; the search, w�ed that unemployment will rise The editorial was written in preparation for a expansion of trade, economic cooperation, for the nex� five years or more because the conferenceby "Missio Austria"that tookplace and military cooperation; and tobuild a bridge economy cjmnot be restructured overnight. inearly July on the theme ''ThirdWorld in the over the Amur River, betweenthe Russian city His commentfo llowed a warningthe from for­ Debt Trap ." of Blagoveshchensk and the Chinese city of mer vice presidentof the Human Science Re­ Hinkelammert wrote that from the mid- Aihui. Inthe 1960s, Russia and foughtChina search Comcil, Lawrence Schlemmer, that 1970s on, it was obvious to the International several borderskirmishes over sections of the black unemployment would continue to rise Monetary Fund (IMF)and bankers that Third Amur. unless annualgrowth in Gross Domestic Prod -

14 Economics EIR July 21 , 1995 • UKRAINE AND CHINA agreed in Kiev on June 24 to at least double their unual volume of trade, from$1 billion last year, to $2 billion this year, the German daily Siid­ It is necessaryto return to primacy"the of uct averaged at least 4-5%. deutsche Zeiqlng reported. Trade The announcement in June thatthe official laborover capital," it said, and identifiedfour could even tri�Ie comparedto 1994. rate of unemployment is 32.6% (unofficially, serious threats to development: concentration it is put as high as 50%) sent shock waves of power, inequalities among nations, assign­ • WI President Muluzi on ment ofresources contrary to the universal des­ MALA throughoutthe country. According to the Cen­ July 3 rejected World Bank sugges­ tral Statistics Service, 41.1% of all unem­ tiny of assets, and the use of wealth without tions that the nation save money by concern forsocial justice. ployed people are black. Some 48.6% of the trirnming governmentcosts , Reuters The document concluded that govern­ unemployed are under 30 years ofage; 67.7% reported. "We may be poor, we are ments should submit their actions to a double of all jobless people have been without work beggars, yes," Muluzi said on his re­ imperative: international cooperation in the for a yearor more. The situation is becoming turn from Tanzania and Zambia. fightagainst drug-money laundering, and the worse. From 1989 to the middle of last year, "But Malawi is a sovereign country channeling of resources into development. there was a decline of 510,000jobs (9.2%) in and I'm not just going to bedictated the formal economy-to the level it was at in to by anybody�" 1980.

• THE STOCKMARKET "is lu­ natie'," the Paris daily Liberation said Hungary on July 4. "Enough of ali this talk Finance about theinternationalization of capi­ ' Pace of IMF 'reforms' tal markets, tlJe global stock market Vatican attacks power, unacceptable, says has gone wild,rand has lost ali sense, "­ Horn it said, referring to the New York of-speculative markets Dow Jones skyrocketing at the same Hungary's PrimeMinister Gyula Hom on July time that the ntpanese Nikkei is col­ In a documentprepared with thehelp of French 5 criticized the International Monetary Fund lapsing and the French market is Economic Ministry officials and released in (IMF)for setting unrealistic financialtargets , "sleeping. " earlyJuly, the Vatican's PontificalCouncil on in an interviewwith Reuters. Hom also called Peace and Justice denounced the fact that the on European Union governments to provide • IRAN an� Turkmenistan signed world is living under the control of a "pro­ more assistance for the economic transforma­ an agreement to transportnatural gas foundly speculative" financial market, a pow­ tion of Hungaryand the whole centra!Europe­ by pipeline tol Europe, during Turk­ er which runscounter to the decisions of politi­ an region. menistan PresidentSap arrnurat Niya­ cal and democratic authorities worldwide, "We cannot accept the pace that is de­ zov's visit to ! Iran which began on reducingthem to "relativeimpotence" with re­ manded by the IMF," Hom said, adding that July 4, Reutersreported. The firstleg gardto definingthe destinies of their nations, the fund's insistence thatHungary 's 1996 bud­ of the 1 ,562-mile, $6 billion pipeline in particularthe poorones, the Mexican daily get deficitbe half the 1995 level was unrealis­ will extend into northernIran to hook Excelsior reportedon July 3 and 4. tic. "We cannot implement a reduction of this up with Iran's iexisting network. Thecouncil denounced as "corrupt" and size in a matter of one year. . . . We want to "perverse"the effect of this speculativepower agree with the IMF, but not at any cost." • THE ASI,o\N Infrastructure De­ and urged the impositionof "mora! financial" In a tripto the United States in June, Hom velopment Co. , aU.S. firm,has con­ guidelines. It said that world credit is domi­ won praise fromIMF Managing DirectorMi­ tractedwith th� Jinzhou HarborGroup nated "in the most tyrannical way," such that chel Camdessus for the austerity package an­ of China to supply $350 million for creditors "administer, shall we say, the blood nounced in Marchthis year, which will slash powerstations, petrochemicalplants, upon which the economy lives and have in social welfare benefits, reduce public sector storage facilities, and terminals, theirhands its very soul, such that one cannot employment, and cap publicsector wages. But ChinaDaily �portedon July 1. even breathe without their say-so." theIMF is now saying that the standbylending The profits of the speculator are socially facility also depends on the 1996 budget • THE HONGKONG and Shang­ illegitimate in the eyes of the church, because targets. hai Banking Corp., which plays a they are based on easy money achieved out Hom said the West failed to appreciatethat major role in the drug trade, said on of proportionto labor expended. Further,they the patience of Hungarians was wearing thin July 5 it won approval to open a represent an important destabilizing factor in after years of steadily declining living stan­ branch in Beijing, Reuters reported. the worldeconomy: "The serious disturbances dards. "Those solutions that exist in the West This gives the bank an edge when producedin the stockmarkets prove the insta­ can only beapplied partiallyin centra!Europe foreignbanks willbe allowed to offer bility and fragilityof the system, which raises and in Hungaryin particular,"he said. ''There retail bankint services in China, serious fearsabout thefuture evolution of eco­ are very serious social and political tensions probably sometime after 1997. nomic and laboractivity. " and this has an impact on political stability."

EIR July 21, 1995 Economics 15 �TIillNational EconolDY

An obituaryfo r Lonaon's 'Chilean economic miracle'

by Dennis Small and CynthiaRush

Chile: Margaret Thatcher's dream economy. Newt Gin­ scientific guinea pig." grich's answer to the Welfare State. London's pride and joy, London has promoted the "neo-liberal" Chile Model for its rejoinder to thosewho , in the wake of the December 1994 a long time. As the Times of London put it back in 1980, Mexico crash, are increasingly rejecting the International Chile "hopes to minimize the role of the state and realize Monetary Fund's (IMF) free-trade economics as a failure. a Friedmanite dream world, Where society subscribes to You've probably read about the "Chilean success story" individualist rather than collecllivist principles." In the past in your newspaper, or seen it reported on TV. But is the sales six months, the promotional dJrumbeat has stepped up dra­ pitch true? matically, as the financial elite scrambles to keep nations No. In the nearly 22 years since British free-market poli­ from jumping fromthe sinking ship of the IMF world mone­ cies were imposed on Chile by quack economist Milton tary system. From Buenos Ait-es to Caracas, from Kiev to Friedman's "Chicago Boys," most aspects of Chile's physi­ Moscow, from Lagos to Khart,um, governments and other cal economy-which should not be confused with misleading political layers are being told; "Yes, neo-liberalism may monetary parameters such as Gross National Product have suffered a setback in Me�ico, but you should try the (GNP)-have actually fa llen in per capita and per household Chile Model instead. Theirs is truly a success story." For terms. Yet during this period, the speculative bubble of for­ example: ! eign debt grew more than sixfold, while interest on that debt • In April 1995, the U.S. State Department's Agency was religiously paid to the creditor banks and the IMF . for International Development co-sponsored a conference These policies broughtthe countryto national bankruptcy in Kiev, Ukraine, to convince that country's parliamentari­ in late 1982, but then were continued in a slightly modified ans of the virtues of the Chilll:an Model. Chile, the pitch form from 1983 until the present. By imposing a new package went, shows how to achieve It successful transition from of drastic forced savings-including the groundbreaking Marxist collectivism to free-mln-ket capitalism. "privatization" (i.e., seizure) of the national pension fund­ • In May 1995, former Cnilean Finance Minister Her­ the bankers managed to keep lootingthe economy in order to min Buchi was virtually parachUted into Monterrey,Mexico, pay the foreign debt. In short, they kept their beloved Chile in the middle of an anti-IMF revolt by the business sector Model afloat ...or so theyhave convinced themselves. But of that major industrial city, tn order to lobby on behalf the fact is that this phase of lootingis also rapidly coming up of the Chile Model of privatiiations and budget austerity. to the limits of what the physical economy can withstand. Mexico should sell off Pemex, its national oil company, For the international financial elite, Chile is thus an ex­ Buchi demanded, on the bank�rs' behalf. periment, a test tube case which they think proves that a • Throughout this period, phony "Catholic" economist country can be looted to the point of breakdown, and then Michael Novak, who in reality Isubscribes to the evil gnostic ' looted again. As the London Economist wrote in its June 3, doctrine of Adam Smith, has been beating the drums for 1995 issue: "For 25 years Chile has been a laboratory for Chilean-style free trade wherever people are foolish enough radical political and economic experiments, a social- to listen to him.

16 National Economy EIR July 21, 1995 • Chile is being promoted as the next country to be Recovery or death rattle? added to the North American Free Trade Agreement among How did Chile supposedly return fromthe dead? the United States, Mexico, and Canada. Formal negotiations "The countrywas rescued," the Post argues, "by its inter­ to include Chile in NAFTA began on June 7, and are expect­ nal savings, which were accomplished through tax measures; ed to be successfully concluded by the end of this year. Free­ through the success of Chile's private pension plans; and by trade advocates such as U.S. Trade Representative Mickey cutting back on spending." Kantor can regularly be heard praising Chile in this regard. These savings, according to Chile's apologists, were then reinvested to develop the domestic econonmy. A figure that Pinochet and the 'Chicago Boys' is often cited is that Chile has achieved a national savings In September 1973, Gen. Augusto Pinochet led a military rate of close to 25% of GNP, as compared to 15-20% for coup which overthrew the socialist government of Salvador other Thero-American countries. The apologists are usually Allende in Chile. Economically, the Allende government's quick to admit that, as a result of such forced savings, the policies were a chaotic disaster. Politically, the situation was population's consumption and general welfare have suffered. even worse, with Allende handing the country over to Fidel More than one-third of the population, for example, lives Castro, who had camped out in person in Chile for months below the poverty line, according to official statistics. But, before the coup. they sagely explain, this is merely an unfortunate side-effect Pinochet and the ruling generals were thus prime candi­ of an otherwise successful free-market strategy, a shortcom­ dates to be sold British "individualism" and free trade as a ing which will be correctedover time by the economic boom supposed alternative to Marxist "collectivism." And buy it now under way. they did-lock, stock, and barrel-from such London travel­ This is a Big Lie. Chile has, in fact, achieved relatively ing salesmen as Henry Kissinger. Chile under Pinochet be­ high so-called savings rates, in large measure through the came the first country in the world to adopt the economic privatization of its pension funds, as we explain below. But quackery of 1976 Nobel Economics Prize winner Milton the question is: Was that wealth channeled into the productive Friedman of the University of Chicago. From the outset, all economy? Or was it siphoned offinstead as an income stream of Pinochet's key economic advisers were "Chicago Boys," which was used to keep the speculative foreign debt bubble seconded directly by Friedman. intact and growing? If it went to the productive economy, as They quickly transformed Chile into a free-market show­ the apologists claim, then that ought to show up in a signifi­ case. Over the next decade, tariffs were slashed; the currency cant growth of the country's physical economic parameters was leftto float; most of the large state sector was privatized over the past 20 years. But if it went, rather, to feed the for a song; government spending, especially on social wel­ debt cancer, the physical economy will have stagnated and fare items, plummeted; wages and employment went into collapsed. free fall. And a speculative financial bubble of impressive To get to the heartof the matter, EIR took a fresh lookat proportions was fostered. Chile from the standpoint of the science of physical economy But these firstten years of the Chile Model are not what as developed by EIR founder Lyndon LaRouche. We studied London is referring to in its current promotional campaign. the performance of Chile's physical economy over the past In late 1982, the Chilean financial system went bankrupt, in two decades, as measured in per-capita, per-household, and a process which is strikingly reminiscent of what occurred in per-square-kilometer physical units! (tons, megawatt-hours, Mexico last December (see box, p. 19). But as the London and so forth). We compared this to theperformance of other Economist was quick to reassure its readers, "the 1982 crash Ibero-American physical economies during this same time did not, however, provoke any fundamental shift away from period. And we then looked at Chile's physical economic the basic aims of trade liberalization and a shrinking state trends in juxtaposition to the growth of the country's foreign sector." Instead, Chile slightly retreaded the same neo-liberal debt bubble over the past 20 years. policies, got monetary inflation under control, and estab­ The results blow apart every myth that the British have lished a new, more "stable" basis for continued debt looting. propagated about Chile. This is what the bankers are so anxiously promoting at this Figure 1 looks at the production of a market basket of time. They want Mexico today-and the string of other na­ basic consumer goods in Chile, as tmeasured principally in tional bankruptcies that they fully expect to follow in Mexi­ per-capita terms . Note that this is n(Jt an index of consump­ co's footsteps shortly-to do as Chile did in 1982-83. This tion-that would have to take imports and exports into con­ is one way they hope to handle the expected upcoming crash sideration as well-but rather of the Chilean economy's abil­ of the world derivatives bubble. ity to produce its own consumer goods. Although the items As the June 6 Washington Post explained the matter, included in the index (grain, meat, milk, pulses, fruits and what Chile shows is that the "fallen can rise again. . . . After vegetables, autos, and television setl» are by no means com­ the country's spectacular economic collapse in 1982 ... prehensive, and will be expanded forfuture studies, they are [Chile is] now a model for Mexico." nonetheless sufficientto indicate theltrend and the magnitude

EIR July 21, 1995 National Economy 17 FIGURE 1 FIGURE 2 Chile's production of consumer goods Production of producer goods (index 1973=100) (index 1973=100) 150 150 135

125 125

100 100

�__ 94

75 75

50 50

25 25

Sources: ECLA. Central Bank of Chile. Sources: ECLA.Central Bank of Chile. i

of changes involved overall. at the fineprint , it turnsout that the manufacturing component As the figure shows, Chile's production of consumer grew far more slowly than the ayerage; in other words, most goods was already skidding downhill under Allende from of Chile's post- 1982 growth in producer goods comes from 1970-73, and then it plummeted another 13% (froman index raw materials such as copper. Copper output per household I • of 100 to 87) in the first nine years of the "Chicago Boys" grew by 79% between 1973 an� 1993, which comes out to reign. Although there has been a marginal recovery since an average annual rate of 3%,: nearly twice as fast as the 1982, the level in 1992 was still 6% below what it was in producer goods category as a whole. The production of cop­ 1973. In other words , Chile's physical economy is even less per, like that of other raw matdrials, was geared for export capable today of producing its own population's consump­ rather than domestic consumption. We will discuss this pat­ tion needs, than it was when the "Chicago Boys" took over tern in more detail below, but what it points to is the fact that 22 years ago. Within this category , the production of food the few areas in which Chile's physical economy hasgrown items performed relatively better than that of manufactured over the last 20 years, areprincipally those that benefitexpor­ consumer goods. tation in order to service the foreign debt, and not the kind of Figure 2 shows an index of per-household production of industrial productionthat devel(j)psthe internal economy. a market basket of nine producer goods, which fared only Figure 3 shows the behaviQr of our index of production marginally better than the consumer goods. After a decade of infrastructural goods. This in�ludes both "hard infrastruc­ of stagnation, the index rose to a level of merely 135 in 1991 ture" items, such as freight shipments by railroad and in­ (more recent data were not available for most categories). If stalled electrical capacity per household, as well as "soft we look back over the period since 1973, this averages out to infrastructure" indicators including the number of hospital a growth rate of less than 1.7% per year. Although this is beds and school enrollment figUres per capita. It is here that certainly better than a decline, such a growth rate is pathetic we see the most far-reaching impactof Chile's Conservative when compared to actually successful cases of economic Revolution-style cutbacks in government spending, since in­ development, such as South Korea or Japan, which often frastructure tends to depend mdre heavily on the direct role display real growth rates of upwards of 10% per year in such of the State than either the producer or consumer goodscate­ categories. gories. As the graph shows, infrastructure was devastated in It should further be noted that the category of producer the first decade of "Chicago Bays" wrecking, and it contin­ goods includes both manufactured items as well as mining ued to decay in the second decade. Over the 20-year period, output and other raw materials production. When you look Chile lost more thana quarterof its infrastructure capability .

18 National Economy EIR July 21, 1995 A tale of two meltdowns

Chile Mexico 1973-82 1980-94 Foreign debt: grew by 500%. Real foreign debt: grew by 400%. Domestic debt: A gigantic, unpayable bubble of corporate Domestic debt: An un-supported domestic credit bubble debt was created, as companies were asset-stripped grew up in tandem with the rea� foreign debt, as re­ by financial groups known as the piranas. The most flected in the absurd run-up of the Mexican stock mar­ famous of these was the BHC group. ket in the early 1990s. Physical economy: drop in the indices of production of Physical economy: drop in the indir:;es of production of consumer goods (13%), producer goods (1%), and consumer goods (20%) and procilucer goods (27%). infrastructure (22%). Privatizations: Most state sector companies were sold off Privatizations: Major chunks of the Mexican state sector at very low prices, some at one-eighth of their actual were sold off, including steel and telephone, as well worth.As part of the first big ·shock therapy" of 1975, as the nationalized banking sector, for which the gov­ 25% of public sector workers were fired. ernment was paid a mere $10 billion. Currency: By the end of this period, the peso was frozen Currency: Predictable mini-devaluations were maintained at the relatively "overvalued" rate of 29 to the dollar. for years; by 1994, the peso was being sustained at the relatively ·overvalued" rate at 3.3 to the dollar. Inflation: lowered to 10% per year by 1980. Inflation: lowered to less than 1 0% Iller year by 1994.

1982-83 1994-95 The crisis began to hit in mid-1 982. Falling international The crisis began to hit in early 1 �94. Mexico'sjoinin g copper prices and unpayable domestic debt were taking the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) their toll. The government announced the first of a series worsened an already serious problem of a large trade of devaluations that continued over the next few months. deficit, which was being covered by an influx of highly Most Chilean companies holding dollar-denominated debt volatile international speculative ca�ital. The predictable couldn't keep up with their payments, so Finance Minister slide of the peso parity was facili�ting massive illegal Luders offered a quarter of the state budget ($1 .4 billion) capital flight, which ended up tota,ing over $30 billion to subsidize the difference in their loan-repayment costs. between 1993 and 1994. As Chile lost $1 billion out of its $3 billion in foreign Between March and April, dome�ic interest rates dou­ exchange reserves, the government on Sept. 30, 1982 bled from 8 to 16%. In a matter of months, growing num­ announced exchange controlsand a postponement of for­ bers of farmers and other producers began to default on eign debt principal repayments. It siml,lltaneously asked their debt payments, leading to higll1 and rising non-per­ the International Monetary Fund for an emergency $900 forming debt ratios in the Mexican �anking sector. million loan. Mexico's foreign exchange reseryes dropped from $29 Industrial production plummeted by nearly 20% in a billion in February to $12 billion in J�r.e. Then on Dec. 20, matter of months. As the banks pressed their clients to 1994, President Zedillo announced ! that the peso would repay unpayable loans, record numbers of them (almost float freely, and in the coming wee� it plummeted from 800) declared bankruptcy. By November, it became clear 3.2 to less than 6 to the dollar. Reserves quickly dropped that almost all the banks held uncollectable debts worth another $6 billion, despite the government's jacking up far more than their capital and reserves. interest rates to over 50% in a desperate effort to hold On Jan. 11, 1983 one of the large companies of the foreign capital in the country. BHC group defaulted on a $2 million debt payment. As Farmers and manufacturers are now filing for bank­ rumors spread, Luders declared a bank holiday on Jan. ruptcy in record numbers. Over 2 million Mexicans have 14 and announced the liquidation of three BHC banks and been laid off over the last six monthsf And the entire Mexi­ finance companies, and the government takeover of five can banking system is careening to't'ard total insolvency. others. On Jan. 19, a dozen companies belonging to the The government is trying to bail the banks out, and will BHC and other pirana groups defaulted on another $1 shortlyhave spent more than the $1(>bil lion that it earned billion in debts. By early February, the state had seized by privatizing those banks in the first Iplace, but to no avail. control of 86% of Chile's credit. The crash was on. The crash is on.

This is a physical economic catastrophe. Infrastructure and rising social costs of production dn all areasof the econo­ development plays a crucial role in a viable economy by my. This may not have fully exp¢ssed itself yet "down­ improving overall labor productivity. A 26% collapse of in­ stream" in the actual production indices as such, but it will frastructure thus implies dramatically decreased efficiency sooner or later, at which point a nonlinear collapse is to be

EIR July 21, 1995 National Economy 19 TABU:: FIGURE 3 1 Production of infrastructure Indices of production (index 1973=100) (1973=100)

150 1973 1982 1992

Consumer goods Chile 94 125 100 87 Mexico 10P 125 107 Ibero-America 100 102 94 (1990) 100 Producer goods Chile 100 99 135(1991) Mexico 109 79 75 1 00 78 74 Ibero-America 100 136 144(1 990) I I 50 I I FIGURE 4 25 I I Production of grain I (kilograms per capita) 400

Sources: ECLA, Central Bank of Chile.

expected across the board. This disinvestment in infrastruc­ ture-which is one of the hallmarks of nea-conservative in­ sanity worldwide-is a time bomb waiting to explode.

Chile and Ibero-America It is also revealing to look at Chile's recent physical economic behavior in comparative terms . Besides the ups and (mainly) downs compared to where the country itself stood in 1973, how does Chile stack up in comparison to its neighbors? Is it doing better or worse? Does Mexico produce more grain per capita? Does Thero-America as a whole pro­ duce more steel perhousehold, or does it have greater electri­ ro � M � M 00 cal capacity? n � M � � � M I Here too, the British Big Lie-that Chile is a powerhouse Sources: ECLA, Central Bank of Chile, INFGI (Mexico). among its neighbors-comes crashing to the floor. In terms of per-capita production levels of both consumer and produc­ er goods, Chile is in the middle of the pack in lbero-America, than 75% of even Mexico's unimpressive 290 kg percapita. and that is a state of economic collapse. In terms of relative In comparison, Spain produce� 495 kg per capita in 1990; growth rates since 1973, Chile did worse than the Thero­ the United States 1,181 kg per 9apita. American average, as Table 1 indicates. If we look to a critical produ¢er goods item, steel produc­ Where did this leave Chile in absolute terms, compared tion per household, we see a isimilar pattern (Figure 5). to its neighbors? Today, Chile is still below the continental Chile's production rose slightly fromthe depths of 1982, but average in a number of key parameters . it is only now at about the average level for Ibero-America Take the case of per-capita grain production, the most as a whole, which is still about .2% less than Mexico's per­ important itemin our consumer goods market basket (Figure capita production level. Again, iCompare Chile's 383 kg per 4). Chile may have taken a few steps out of the pit it was in capita to Spain's 1,406 kg in 11990, and the United States' in 1982, when it was producing a mere 123 kilograms per 1,523 kg. capita, but its current level of 210 kg per capita is still less On the infrastructurefro nt, installed capacity for electric-

20 National Economy ElK July 21, 1995 FIGURE 5 FIGURE 6 Production of steel Electricity: installed capaci� (kilograms per household) (MW per household)

700 2000 Mexico

600 Mexico / � 1600 Chile 500 \ " . ·r·

'" ", I 1200 f/> 400 , " \ I - ,# , . , I , . . lbero-Amerlca l 300 . . . • • " 800 • • I � Chile I 200 212 I 400 I 100 I I O ;-ro-r-..-,,-r,-ro-+-rll.-�-r'-.-,,-.� ro n N � � � � � � M 00 � � I Sources: ECLA, Central Bank of Chile, INEGI (Mexico). Sources: ECLA, Central Bank of Chile, INEGI i(Mexico).

ity generation has been stagnant in Chile, while it was experi­ encing modest growth in Mexico and the rest of lbero­ FIGURE 7 I America (Figure 6). As result, Chile's 1,508 megawattsper Debt vs. physical economY i household in 1990 was well below Mexico's level and even (indices 1973=1 00) below the average for the whole continent. 700 All in all, Chile is a far cry from being an "economic miracle" which stands head and shoulders above all lbero­ 600 America, as the bankers' propaganda would have us be­ lieve-at least not if we are talking about the country's actual physical-economic performance . But perhaps that is not what 500 I I they have in mind at all when they speak of Chile's spectacu­ Foreign debt ___ I ' I lar "growth." 400 I I The science of 'onconomy' I I 300 I I What the City of London and Wall Street are actually I I talking about, is the geometric growth of Chile's cancerous I I foreign debt, from 1973 to the present. For, while the coun­ 200 I I Pj'oduction try's physical economy was decaying for 20 years, a gigantic 100 Consumer I I . speculative foreign debt bubble was built up by the "Chicago ...... J. i ..L . . · · ···· · · Boys" and their internationalsponsors . From a mere $3 bil­ I /' lion in 1973, it edged upwards for a few years, and then in Infrastructure 1977 it took off like a rocket. Within three years it had more O �.,-+-r.-rT-r.-,,-+-r.-,,-r.-.-rT-r� ro n N � � � � � � M 00 � � than doubled, from$6 to $12 billion, and by 1982 it had gone I past the $17 billion mark. As Figure 7 shows, there has been Sources: World Bank, ECLA, Central Bank of !chile. a more than sixfold increase of Chile's foreign debt over the last two decades. on the services of an oncologist, ratll1erthan an economist, to When cancerous financial processes dominate a coun­ deal with the problem. Or perhaps it would be appropriate to try's physical economy in this fashion, one is tempted to call establish a new discipline called 'ronconomy," whose as-

EIR July 21, 1995 National Economy 21 FIGURE 8 FIGURE 9 Foreign debt and cumulative interest payments Cumulative interest payments, 1981-93 (billions $) (dollars per capita) $30 $2,000 I $12 - $22 = $21 I 25 $22 1,600 $2 20

1,200 15 $12 800 10

5 400

o r r 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 Venezuela Chile Argentina Mexico . Brazil Colombia Peru Ibero·America o Cumulative interest payments • Foreign debt Source: World Bank. Source: World Bank. signed task would be the treatment of cancer-like economic This national belt-tightening�which bankers euphemis­ disease brought on by the grim application of the neo-liberal ticall y refer to as a "high savings rate," an achievement which policies of the "Chicago Boys. " they now propose to spread froro Chile to the rest of lbero­ What any competent "onconomist" would detect, in ex­ America and other debtor nations-was accomplished by amining the Chilean economy, is that the cancerous debt sharp cutbacks in government spending (it fell from 33% to grew spectacularly, and was serviced abundantly over this 23% of GNP from 1985 to 198�); by privatizing most state period. As Figure 8 shows, in 1980 the foreign debt was $12 sector companies; by layoffs of WIOrkers, and major real wage billion, and over the next 13 years a total of $22 billion was reductions of those fortunate enoJlghto hold on to a job; and, paid by Chile as cumulative interest payments on that debt. very significantly, by seizing the p.ationalpension fund worth Yet, despite the fact that nearly double the amount initially about $22 billion, and putting i� in the hands of 18 private owed was paid over that period, by 1993 the foreign debt investment companies, which have used it to propup the debt had risen from $12 billion to $21 billion. In other words, bubble. 12-21=22, it would appear. That is what "onconomists" One of the results of streamlining the Chilean economy call "bankers' arithmetic ." to meet the needs of the debt can�er, has been the stagnation Such systematic servicing of its foreign debt at the ex­ of the workforce employed in manufacturing and other pro­ pense of the physical economy, has actually placed Chile at ductive activities (see Figure 10). This evidence punctures the head of the pack of Ibero-American nations in its per­ yet another widely circulated myth about Chile's supposed capita interest payments (see Figure 9), with a cumulative employment boom: The only category of employment that total of $1,615 paid between 1981 and 1993. Only oil-rich has grown significantly in the last 20 years, has beenthat of Venezuela has paid more than that, in relative terms . the unproductive services sector. which rose 260% over that The way Chile was able to do this is that, especially period, while employment in Imanufacturing is scarcely from 1982 onwards, the entire economy was streamlined to greater today than it was in 1973. drastically curtail domestic consumption, and instead chan­ By applying such economic policies, Chile has managed nel an ever-larger share of national production into exports, to increase its exports at an exponential rate, especially since in order to earn dollars with which to pay the debt. In the the 1982 reorganization of its economy (Figure 11). The immediate aftermath of the 1982 crash, output shrank by lion's share of those exports has for decades come from 15%; unemployment went as high as 30%; the currency was copper exports , and that remains the case today. (Chile was drastically devalued, and so forth . also particularly lucky to have a relatively high and rising

22 National Economy EIR July 21, 1995 FIGURE 10 FIGURE 12 Employment by sector Chile's exports, by type (miles) (1993) 2,500 2378 Services

2,000

1,500

1,000 Manufacturing

/" 823

_ _ _ - ---- 500 _ j ------_ ------I \ I Source: Central Bank of Chile. Non-manufacturing industry

1993 only 86% of all of Chile's exports fell into these raw Source: Central Bank of Chile. . materials categories. Over the 1990s, Chile's historiq trade surplus began to fall, and then became a deficit in 1993, largely as a result FIGURE 11 of declining international prices fOf its exports (especially Chile's exports copper)and free trade liberalizationiof its imports. As Chile (billions $) moves to joint NAFfA, its trade defi�it will increase sharply, as occurred in the case of Mexico. $12 i I Chile has covered this gap so rar, and the still larger I current account deficit, by pulling i� significant amounts of 10 I foreign investment over the last five�ears . But unlike Mexico I Total or Argentina":"as Chile's defenders W'e quick to point out­ I � Chile has not succumbed to the quicli:fix of attracting volatile 8 I speculative capital. In fact, capital dntering the country can­ I not be repatriated in less than a ye,.; it is subject to a 30% 6 I reserve requirement, and portfolio jnvestment is taxed at a I 35% rate. I This has no doubt been relativelylbeneficialto the Chilean

4 ,...... I' I .. � economy, compared to Mexico's l�nacy, but such capital :,' " / I , -j' controls will be increasingly relaxed in Chile as well, begin­ : , Copper ning this year. " I , 2 " "'''--1'"...... , .. " .. What foreign investment has cqme in has thus far gone .. ,- ...... " into export-oriented sectors. And the: prospects for 1995, the Bank of America has happily repo�d to its clients, are that "foreign direct investment in the miining sector will account

for the bulk of the capital inflow." • Source: Central Bank of Chile. Thus, Chile today maintains the blassical colonial profile of being a raw materials exporte�, to London and Wall international price for copper during most of this period.) Street's greater glory, while its owb physical economy ca­ The large majority of the remaining exports are also primary reens toward a breakdown. products from agriculture and forestry, and semi-finished That is the grim reality behind tQe so-called Chilean eco­ products based on these items. As Figure 12 indicates, in nomic miracle.

EIR July 21, 1995 National Economy 23 TIillFeature

The principle of of unity I science and art by Lyndon H. LaRouche, Jr.

Lyndon LaRouche spoke on May 27, 1995 to an Informal gathering of close collaborators in the movement to found the National Conservatory of Music in Washington, D.C., and then answered questions, wgether with his wife Helga Zepp-LaRouche. His remarks, in a slightly edited trd,nscript, together with some parts of the exchange which followed, appear belo*". The dialogue followed a weekend which began on Friday night, May 26, with q concert of Classical songs, operatic arias, and spirituals performed by emine�t soloists, as well as short choral works sung by the amateur choruses initiated by the Schiller Institute in the Washington area for both adults and children. On Saturday, there was a performanceof the play Through the Years, dramatizing the historyof the Af rican­ American spirituals, written in 1936 bycivil rights v¢teran Amelia Boynton Rob­ inson. Producing the play in Washington with the P(lrticipation of local youths has been a key feature of the Schiller Institute's literll(.:y project. Mr. LaRouchewas introduced by moderator Dennis Speed.

Thank you, young fellow. As I get older, I take these IIiberties. I don't know, some of you are my age and slightly older, you know how that is, you get past 70, you begin to take more liberties like this. As a matter of fact, I had the experience, just in Germany, on two occasions. I met one dear friend, who is a very famous singer and a coach, and she's 92 years of age, quite hale and hearty for 92, very functionlll. She's still teaching, still coaching. And she's still very strongly opinionated.! She doesn't sing much any more. But she doeshave her recordings, and we did have some discussions. We came upon a point at which she said to me, "Oh, you're a young kid!" [laughter] Then, from Frankfurt, we went by way of Leipzig, and I want to return to Leipzig as a thematic point of relevance to us, and we ended up for several meetings in Berlin, among which was a meeting for la few hours with a dear old

24 Feature EIR July 21, 1995 Elementaryschool children work on replicating the ancient Greek thinker Eratosthenes' discovery of how to measure the circumference of the Earth, with only crude instruments. "He measured the error in what you see, " just as in music, "it's the interval that means everything," LaRouche explains. friend, who's a very key part of German culture and who was The Boys' Choir of St. Tho�as in Leipzig a close friend of Furtwangler.I He's 90, and he , in the course But one of the things which was most delicious, was we of the afternoondiscussion , also looked at me without know­ stopped in Leipzig, and I had a veryJ unusual experience, ing what my other friend had said earlier, and said, "You're in the sense of participating for several hours in auditing a just a kid!" rehearsal of the St. Thomas Boys' Choir in Leipzig, and So, I guess if I live long enough, I'm going to get to that then, the next evening, at the evenin� Vesper service, hearing stage , where I start talking to 70-year-old people, and calling the performance of the complete reI;>t:rtoire for that week at them "kids"! the service, and being able to compare what had been gone I wanted to emphasize two things which were very im­ through with the rehearsal , and what was heard in the pressive about the trip , and they were impressive because evening. I they happened in a sequence. We had a number of meetings Now, let me just qualify , for those who may not know, on music, which was one of the principal reasons for the trip and some of you here do know this. The St. Thomas Cathe­ to Germany , to meet with several people and discuss things dral Choir is a separate school and has been in existence since that couldn't be discussed here, particularly with people who the year A.D. 1212. It has, accordfng to all reputation, an are 90 years old. You can't haul them all over the world at unbroken singing program. It would sing every week on will, so you 've got to go to them. Friday evening at Vesper service, .fud that's been going on So, we had meetings with our friend [Arturo] Sacchetti , since A.D. 1212. The nearest thirlg they had to a break, who's an organist, who was somewhat impaired by an illness was in the middle of the Black Death in the middle of the recently , but he's still doing his work, though not performing fourteenth century, at which point they were down to three at the keyboard, and others , on the question of preparing the boys, because the Black Death was killing off the singers, second volume of this Manua e which I'm very eager to get but they still sang . So, the word is that they've sung for into place. And we had a number of other discussions on that. almost 800 years. Now, the discipline is tremendouI s. The cantor who was conducting the performance, is himself a product of the I. Wilhelm Furtwangler (1886- 1954), the great conductor of the Berlin school. He's a very trained musician, about 40 years of age, Philharmonic, who suffered from British slander campaigns (see article, I p. 34) . but a full bearer of the tradition. Let me just identify the 2. Schiller Institute, A Manual on the Rudiments of Tuning andRegistration, tradition, and then I'll come back, 'n due course, to how it Vol. J, with an introduction by Lyndon H. LaRouche , Jr. ; 1992. bears on here .

EIR July 21, 1995 Feature 25 These boys range from 7 to about 18, that is, it's a second­ The boys came in, intent. There are about 80 of them, ary school program; they are chosen for their voice and their two groups: the young boys, wh are the pre-voice-change, musicality. But they are given a full Gymnasium education, and the young men, who are thi older, after-voice-change, like a secondary school, from that time until they complete came in, with a cantor behind, ev ryone of themfullyconcen­ graduation. Their musical work is done as a part of the total trated as a musical performer ptepared to perform. in that program of studies. moment of total concentration thks required, before you've Each week, from the beginning ofthe week until Friday, got the idea of your compositio�, in your head before you four days a week (normally, except this particular week, start to perform. ; when they only had three days because of a holiday), they They came marching in with lhat idea in their head, a full start from scratch with a completely new repertoire for that program. They performed; they I performed with precision, week's Friday evening Vesper service. They learn from with shaping of tone. They san� not on the notes, but they scratch. They then perform on Friday, and the following sang between the notes; they kne� how to do that, they were week take up a completely new program, so that in three trained for that. It was the most remarkable performance of years or so, they've gone through pretty much the entire Bach "Jesu, meine Freude" I have ev¢r heard. And it was more motet and cantata repertoire. And they won't forget it, I remarkable, because I had expertnced part ofthe process of assure you; and they never will forget it. I saw the perfor­ its production, in the sense of p�cipating in the rehearsal; mance. Not only are they well-trained, but this particular and therefore, as you know, yo� have a much keener sense discipline is very important. of the composition when you've l�stened throughthe rehears­ �. I've seen, perhaps not as many rehearsals as some of you al, and you're sweating as to hO t'S going to come out, in have seen, but I've seen a number; and I can tell you the the finaloutcome of the perform ceo density in the rehearsal , the density of direction, was about From there, we went on othe business to Halle and Ber­ as intense as I've ever seen. But the boys were responsive lin, in the course of which we he a non-singer performthe and trained, and able to do it. Schubert "Die SchOne Miillerin,!' a non-singer whose voice During the three-hour rehearsal, there was a break of was placed somewhereunder theicarpet, or by the wall, or in about 15 minutes, in which these very serious, intent young various places, anywherebut in the right place in the head, boys and older boys, sitting in their chairs , cross-legged and doing all kinds of terrible things, with no thirdregister otherwise, but nonetheless singing, and very intent in the whatsoever, and, you can imagine, that was pretty much of most professional manner, suddenly turned into boys, fresh a disaster. The middle register was nothing to brag about, boys. And they raced out of the area into the yard, played when you could find it; and sometimes he would hit a semi­ soccer, then came back in, as fresh as they had left, and sat placement in the first register, but it was horrible; it was a down sedately, or as sedately as boys can do , in their chairs, real horrible, torturous experience. and they concentrated totally on what they were doing. So So much for Halle, where we had nicer things, of a differ­ there was total concentration, and total training, and a master­ ent variety. ful direction. Now the particular work, which was the featured work Music in Berlin of the Friday program, which they were rehearsing this But then, in Berlin. Now, in Berlin, largely as avocation Thursday morningwhen we were in there, or Thursday noon­ but also celebration of a very special meaning for me. We time, was "Jesu, meine Freude," which is one of the most went to the Berlin Symphony, and we heard an Italian ' cellist difficult motets to perform adequately; not to perform it, performing Schumann. The celli$t ran the shortItalian ' cello but to perform it adequately, in the motet repertoire. It has olympics, that is, his bowing was nothing to write home challenges in there, which are rather astonishing. about, but it was fast. The shaping of tone was not exactly The boys were learning it. The direction was intense; the what I would have wanted. And apparentlythe orchestra,the management of the direction was intense. Nothing passed, Berlin Symphony, in its own magnificent and subtle way, everything was corrected. Diction, approaches, everything managed to communicate or impart that sense, that that's was involved. . what they thought about the whole thing, without saying The following evening (I missed the intervening re­ anything, the way sometimes o¢hestras can do. They then hearsal, which was done as the dress rehearsal in the morn­ performed the Brahms Third, which was the exit piece, and ing, on Friday), but we were at the evening performance, that was excellent. It showed what they could do. and I'll tell you; it was one of the few times in recent Then we had a similar experience, by a related body of years , hearing a musical performance, that the tears came people on the following evening, in the Deutsche Oper, spontaneously flowing out of my eyes. I couldn't hold them which did a performance of Fidqio. There were some prob­ back. The performance was magnificent. Everything that lems, the Pizarro was a little bit �ick, and the soprano, who they had been taught. that they had rehearsed. every correc­ was magnificent, had nonetheless been singing too much tion. came through in the performance; and better. of Wagner, and her middle registe, had suffered a bit of that course. much better. elevated Wagner; not good for the voice.

26 Feature EIR July 21, 1995 But the second act was absolutely magnificent; even de­ spite Pizarro; and in the middle of this, they gave a punctili­ ous perfonnance, according to the directions which are fa­ mous because Furtwangler gave them, of the Leonore [Overture] No. 2, which is generally not done in that position, it's the Leonore No. 3. Magnificent!3 Now, I want to make a point on this experience, because I think it's relevant in a different way to the problem we face in dealing with young people and others in the community today . There are two characteristics which were outstanding in these perfonnances: the degree of precision in perfor­ mance, which is rare in the world, just rare . You just don't get that; and I remember some things like this, when I was much younger, that we used to have more in this direction, but the perfonnance has become sloppy lately, the interpreta­ tion, all kinds of terrible things are happening. And you had a sense, in the Berlin Symphonic ensembles, of musicians who could do anything, if they had adequate direction . In the boys, you had a sense of the same thing. This is probably the only boys' chorus in the world, which comes even close to that kind of standard. The Vienna Boys' Choir have become a bad operation; there 's a chorus at Dresden, which is reportedly not bad , there's a chorus at Nuremberg, I don't know what it's like, but it used to have a good reputation. But this is unexcelled, I never heard any­ The statue of l.S. Bach outside the St. Church in Leipzig, thing like it. And I think I've heard a few things in my time. Germany, where the boys' choir maintains its unique, centuries­ old continuous tradition of mastering anliperf orming all of Bach's But this is precision, which meant work. motets and cantatas. The other aspect, as with the boys, which is much more important to me , and is important to us in our work, is this. In order to perfonn as a musician, you must do something who was responsible for a number of important discoveries which makes music a powerful weapon to people who are in early Greek science and mathematics. not necessarily musicians. There's a difference between slop­ He measured the circumference of the Earth through the ping something out, and trying to perfonn it, and facing poles, by taking two positions and using a hemispherical problems in the perfonnancewhich are real creative problem­ sundial, in order to capture the an�le of the Sun cast by a solving problems, which you can slop through , or you can sundial, at noontime precisely, atl two different points in actually master. Egypt, one north of the other, one in the area of Aswan and I'll give an example of this, from geometry, an example the other in Alexandria. And by corbparing the difference in which I use often, and the choice of example bears on the the angles of the sundial on that particular day, by a very point I wish to make . simple method of geometry of similar constructions, he esti­ My primary concern is with ideas. Now, very few people mated the angle from the center of the Earth fonned by these these days, really could define what an idea is. Let me give two points on the meridian and, having walked, or having you a definition, and let me relate that back to musical ideas . had people walk the distance from 1swan to Alexandria, the point in Alexandria, and knowing the length of that arc , he The Eratosthenes experiment thus projected that, to detennine what would be the circum­ There's a very simple example of an idea, which comes ference of the Earth, and came out with an estimate of a out of Egyptian history (it's actually Greek history) , of a circular circumference, which was dnly 50 miles off,approx­ measurement or an estimated measurement of the circumfer­ imately, in tenns of the diameter 0 the Earth . ence of the Earth from pole to pole, by Eratosthenes, a mem­ The importance of this particular experiment to me, is ber of the Plato Academy long after Platohad died, who went that he made this measurement with that degree of accuracy, to Egypt and became the librarian of the Alexandria Library , with nothing more than those crude instruments, 2,200years , approximately, before the first human being saw the curva­ ture of the Earth . That is, he measured something 2,200years 3. Beethoven composed different overtures for each of the successive ver­ before anybody saw it, which is n9t bad. The measurement sions of his only opera, Fidelio, originally entitled Leonore. The overtures of earlier versions are traditionally incorporated into the performance of the involves not a measuring of something you can see, but final opera, at various points according to the discretion of the director. measuring the error in what you see.

EIR July 21, 1995 Feature 27 Now, this is very much like what happens in music, of the characters are brought to the silave auction, then the audi­ course. Some people sing the notes; some people sing be­ ence is touched; and some ofthes� children, from the poorest tween the notes. Because the two notes don't mean anything, circumstances, and also sometim�s their parents or relatives, it's the interval that means everything, and what that interval who participate in this or see thep- friends participate in this means, is everything. drama, are uplifted out of the cirqImstance in which they are normally entrapped, and they fiI¥l something in themselves Mozart's compositional method which is beautiful, and they may even move themselves to In particular, the area in which I'm most interested, is the reach out, to finda better life. discovery of a method of composition or improved method of composition by Mozart, who applied an idea, a discovery Function of music to lift people up by Haydn to the later work of Bach and developed a method And that's the chief, general function of music for the called motivic thorough-composition, which is a characteris­ population, is to uplift people, to bring them out of self­ tic of the Classical repertoire from about 1782 through the degradation and misery and brutality, and to give them a death of Brahms. moment of experience in which they can approach music in This method restsupon the ability to perfect the idea of a the same spirit, at least approximately, that those St. Thomas composition, so that as you prepare yourself to perform it, Boys' Choir children and youthlsing. To attack a musical theidea of the composition, which exists in a kind of timeless idea, to experience its precision, not slop; to perform a poly­ sense; the idea of the composition begins with the first note phonic work with voice transparency, so it's not mud all over and ends with the last note, and it's there all the time. It the place; to learn how to place their voices in such a way, governs the way each note and each interval is performed. that a voice part is a voice part and not a gang movement (in Complete concentration. And this is a perfection of that idea which you have trouble disting4ishing the mezzosopranos of music, to make a composition represent clearlyand consis­ from the sopranos, and it all get!! mixed up somehow). But tentlyand coherently a single idea. to achieve precision; to know thty're doing it right, and to Just as in the example, Eratosthenes reduced the differ­ participate in the idea of doing if right. and know that it is ence between two points on the meridian to a single idea, right, as in the play: to reach ideas. which is the idea of the circumference of the Earth and its As you know, those of you who are musicians, it takes a measurability, before anybody saw it. lot of work to do things right. It; takes a lot of training and This ability to develop these kinds of ideas, is important sweat to do things right. But you �nd that unless you do that, to us, in dealing with children who live in the poverty of you cannot actually effectively reach the audience, including Washington and elsewhere, and there are more of them all those little boys and girls and others, who, if you can touch the time. Because it's important to give these children, and them with a perception, not of ilieirability to perform what also adults, a sense of their own humanity. you're performing for them, but ltheir ability to understand We only do that, by making them see in themselves a what you're performing; and th� come out of the musical power which lifts them up above the dogs on the street, events like the persons who participated as audience mem­ who know the lampposts they can sniff, and similar kinds of bers, as it was said, in a presenlation of one of Schiller's things. It lifts them above the simple, sensual-perceptual tragedies: the audience went into the theater, and came out experience, to realize that they as human beings are capable of the theater, better people than they had entered it. of generating ideas, ideas which are valid, ideas through The object of a musical performance and a musical expe­ which we can effectively change and improve the universe. rience, is to take peopleinto the performance, and have them The job, I think, of music for us, in respect to the popula­ leave it better people than they en1ieredit . To do that, requires tion in general, is to reach out to people who live largely in precision. To do that, requires delivering to the audience a impoverished lives, people who are thrown into what the sense of what's going on, to make the experience transparent condition of mankind was for most of human existence, in to them, so they know what they'te hearing. they have some which over 95% of the people of this planet lived in the idea of what it's all about. They C$Ilhear it done. Maybe they conditions of serfdom or slavery or worse, with no opportuni­ can't do it; but they can hear somebody do it, and know ty. And we have, in this country and elsewhere, people who human beings can do it. They can see the beauty of doing it are thrown down into that kind of condition, or something in that way. And if they can't perform the music with their approximating it. And our concern is to reach out to them, hands or with their voices, theycan perform it in their minds. and give them a moment of experience which touches them, and hear the echo. note by note and phrase by phrase in their and makes them awareof their own humanity. minds aft erward. There's one example of this we had in Washington, That appears to me to be the social and political and which is repeatedlyrealized by a passage fromAmel ia's play cultural and moral purpose of mu�ic. Music is the most con­ [Through the Years] , which deals with a slave auction. And centrated expression, or the prqper medium for the most when the preceding scenes establish the characters , and then concentrated expression of these principles in any form of

28 Feature EIR July 21, 1995 art, the non-plastic arts in particular. Music incorporates the that performance, they would leave it enriched,because they ideas, as anyone knows, of drama. It is rooted in Classical had heard, what was for the nation :at that time, a sampling poetry; it is the abstraction of drama and poetry , and ex­ of the best that was being done by the entire pyramid of which presses those kinds of ideas in a very specially concentrated they're a part. way . My view is that that is what we have to do; you can'tdo Our job is to pick, I think, those kinds of examples that that so easily. These boys are picked for their musicality and we can produce, present those examples to these people, who voices, at the age of about 6 or 7. They're put through the we would wish to uplift in spirit, give those audiences a sense most intensive training probablydone anywhere on this plan­ of what is being done, so that they can more effectively et in terms of voice training, that a cbild can do, and then you intellectually participate in what's being done, and aim for get this magnificentresult, at the end. the result that every child or other person who comes through Then you have a tradition. Remember that the present that experience, leaves that moment of experience, that hour cantor is 40 years of age. Now, think about it. He went into or two, as somewhat a better person, or a person revived in the system obviously when he was' about 7 or so. He went spirit, relative to the person that entered the room for that through the system until he was about 18, which meant that performance or event. he had about 10 years in the system. Just think of what the Thank you.

Replicating the German musical system Music ispeTj onned not as a physical Dennis Speed: As some of you may know , we are work­ ing now on a second volume ofthe two-volume Music Manu­ actjirst. It'speTj onned :in the mind. It al. We've done the first volume, which is largely devoted to is heard in the mind, it isgener ated the voice as such, and then the idea is, a second volume on in the mind. Not with thejingers, not the application of the same voice bel canto technique to instrumental music. I wanted to ask Lyndon LaRouche two with the voice. The voice is a way qf questions. sharing what the mind is capable qf One is to ask you to tell us some of the thoughts you have knowing. about how this is supposed to be put together, and why we're doing it, but the second thing is, ever since I heard about this Leipzig business, I've been wondering: How would you do that? It's an 800-year-old institution. What do you do? repertoire was, which he worked through as a memberof that Lyndon LaRouche: I think the way is to share it. The system. Now think about the tradition that was involved, in first thing to do, when you see a performance which is that passing down from one cantor to :another, the methods of good, is not to say how you can do it, but to say: How is it performance, the detail of performance, the fine-grainedde­ done? The thing is to capture in your head how it's being tail of how to handle each particularwork in the repertoire. done. Because if you can participate intellectually in what's This repertoire, particularly thelBach repertoire, is a rep­ being done, then you're participating. And if you go with ertoire which in that particular institution has an unbroken that idea as a standard of what you do , you are improved by performance record. every part of the Bach cantata-motet that. repertoire in particular; every part of it. . . . And then he It's like the old system in Germany, up through the time went on and got some orchestral and other training, just to of Furtwiingler. You had singing going on all over the place. enrich his training as a cantor, came back as the cantor, and You had singing in churches, singing in schools, choruses now presents this accumulated training of hundreds of years were not rare . You had local orchestras, local opera compa­ in Bach as such, to these boys. It's there. You can't replicate nies, all kinds of things going on, with the pinnacle of this that so easily. generally aimed at a place called Berlin, where you had But if you can participate in appreciating what they're institutions which were the pinnacle of the entire musical doing, and how it's being done, and what's being achieved, system. So it was a kind of pyramid. if you can listen to a recording, if you could get recordings And then the performers at the various higher levels, of some of the rehearsals, and listlen to it, if you know the including the top level, would come back to the constituency, work, you would come away from it saying, "That's the right which were the people who were singing in choruses and way to do it." Or you might disagree; and you would say performing in the local theaters and churches, and would "Why is that the right way to do itl?" Which is just as good, perform in that area. And the people who were by themselves because, in that way, you're fording people to participate amateur or professional musicians in that area, would pour intellectually. out to the performance of the greatest performers of the coun­ Music is performed not as a physical act first. It's per­ try , who had come to that area. They would participate in formed in the mind. It is heard in tbe mind, it is generated in

EIR July 21, 1995 Feature 29 the mind. Not with the fingers, not with the voice . The voice is a way of sharing what the mind is capable of knowing; and to do that, all kinds of things have to be brought into play. So the point is to appreciate this, to work through it, to take some of the best, to learn; and when people participate in this kind of learning environment, if we can get the idea of music away from the sensual Romantic sense, to get it to musical ideas- Look, why does a great performance which has no partic­ ular operatic passion to it, bring tears to your eyes? That's the point. Why? Because of the idea . And how do you achieve those ideas? And to bring everything to bear to en­ able, just like you try to use the Eratosthenes experiment, to demonstrate to a child what ideas are , by pointing out the fact that the curvature that was measured with that estimated precision, was something which no human being had seen, until 2,200 years later? That's an idea; and the same thing is true of music . What is a musical idea? It takes discipline, it takes hard work, it takes dedication. Some people say "Well , cook a meal." And somebody brings all the ingredients to the table, but they don't put them togeth­ er to make the meal, and they say, "Eat."

Hamlet was a jock Question: Are you then suggesting that music's only appeal is to the intellect, and not to the emotions? Lyndon LaRouche: Well , it's the same thing. The question is, you have two kinds of emotion . For example, if you see a child in the process of the child "Hamlet's a Green Beret, but a weakling, because he dares not fa ce the reality of ideas which are strange to him." Pictured: In a making a discovery; suppose it's your child. You see the scene from the PBS television produqtion, Hamlet attacks his child experiencing and solving a problem, making an actual usurping uncle, Claudius. breakthrough and discovery. The simple things that children learn. When you see a child doing that, this is something that will bring tears to your eyes, of joy. you fight. The solution to the prqblem, comes to you as joy. That's an emotion . And when the children attend Ame­ You know it's right. And what you wish to do, is to evoke, lia's play, who don 't know anything about slavery; they don't to findout from the standpoint of t he composer, for example, I understand slavery. But if they become identified with the or in folk music to look at it fro� that standpoint; and to find idea of the characters , and then see the slave auction , there's from the standpoint of the composer, what was the emotional emotion. But it's not the slapdash type of emotion that goes experience which the compose� selected for you that the on in a bar-room or a Wagnerian performance . It's real composer had , in the process of developing problems and emotion. solving them , in the problem of composition? This was a There are some people who teach, but I don't believe in very strong emotion for the comIfser; and that's the emotion the so-called "formal intellect without emotion." you want. The emotion of diSCo�lery , which, no matter what As a matter of fact, when you face a problem-solving it is, is always beautiful. effort , when you have to solve a problem intellectually, Let me give you an example the example of tragedy of which involves any creativity at all, the typical person says, in drama. "What's the answer?" That's called "intellectual activity ," in In a great tragedy, the thing that always kills Hamlet or the ordinary sense. I call it fakery . any other hero of a tragedy , is tbat the hero of the tragedy , But you find, that in order to solve problems, and also to clings to old ideas at a time that the old ideas are the things perform in music, you can slap at it, and try to imitate it and that are going to kill him. And the reason he clings, as in fake it, without knowing what you're doing and hope that Hamlet's case, to the old ideas , is because he's afraid of the it's going to work, and then if people cheer and are happy , new . you say, "Well , I evoked emotion." Now Hamlet, of course , was a jock. He was what you But the real thing is to muster yourself to solve the prob­ might call a knuckle-dragger. You look at the play: This man lem, and that requires emotion. You have to push yourself, is killing people. He thinks th re 's a rustling behind the

30 Feature EIR July 21, 1995 curtain, he's talking to his mother, and he puts his sword until you hear it performed in your ead, you haven't heard through it! He goesout on the battlefield, and kills a number it. That's the step. When you hear i in your head, when you of people. This guy is not a whimpering nerd. play it over and over in your head, hen you work through it But he is weak. He's a swordsman, a killer; he's a Green in your head. And now, what you' trying to do, is you get Beret, but he's a weakling. Because he dares not face the these musical ideas, and can they performed? reality of ideas which are strange to him. He says he cannot I've looked at, for example, He mut Hocke on the oboe. think of that land from which no traveller has returned alive. And I had some ideas about the ob , and this gentleman in He cannot face the ideas with which he's unfamiliar. He two hours taught me more about theloboe than I'd ever knew would rather die with old ideas that will kill him, than face I could have to learn;which demo,strated, that first of all, new ones-which is a typical impotence. It's what kills soci­ you must play the oboe, as any woocjlwind in particular, from eties, when they can't change their ways when they're doing the music in your head. That is, �e head must sing. And somethingwro ng. the instrumentalist is coupled to th4 instrument. It's not the And in art:it's the same thing. The great art always is a quality of the instrument, it's not th� instrumentalist, but the breakthrough. You could have tried to do it the old way, you quality of the two. The two must ork together as if they }v. could have just gone on doing what you were doing, but were one thing. you'd have gone no place. Then you try to put some emotion­ And the idea of what is to be �rformed, must be per­ al spin on it, with a few theatrical tricks; but it really is formed with the instrument and the lnterchange of the instru­ nothing. But then, when you come up to the thing: "hey, this ment, and the physical processes qf the performer. So the is the idea," and force it through, discovering a solution to performer mentally has to sing. break out of the monotony of the oldness, and to bring that Now when I hear Hocke doingj these exercises and dis­ idea across to the audience. What happens? cussing some problems like, for e*ample, the oboe part in In the case of Hamlet or any similar tragedy, the audience Florestan's aria [in Beethoven's oJllera Fidelio] , and in the goes in, sees the chief character make a fool of himself, and overture, the introduction which precedes it, which is ex­ die. And the audience goes out of the theater happy. Why? tremely difficult, andit is difficult forthe Classical oboe; the Because the audience has realized that they recognized modem oboe is easier. But we wete discussing these kinds that there was a solution to that problem, which this jerk of ideas, and he would do the demob.strations, you could see missed; and the fact that they can see themselves as making exactly that he's got the idea in his head; and it's a perfectly the same mistake but recognize, through the medium of the singing idea. play, how the problemcould have been solved, and that they Take the case of Norbert [Brainin, the first violinist of have the power to do that, makes them go out of the theater, the Amadeus Quartet] and people like him, or the few like feeling pretty good about themselves. him, in performing the violin. Now fue method of the Boehm The same thing is true in music. There is this element wiener Geigerschule [Vienna violin school] method of bow­ which is not just random surprise, but the recognition that it ing, is known to any well-trained violinist, what it is. Many was a surprise, but that it was the right thing to do, and the people know it; but do they know bow to use it? In order to emotion associated with that. use it, you have to sing in the head.: . . . Without that, if you don't move people on that level, just Or for example, let's take the thteeRazumovsky quartets like the child may bring tears to your eyes simply by doing of Beethoven. Now, how does the Amadeus Quartet achieve something good like that, there's no real emotion. And I the effect which I would call "energy"? I asked Norbert about think the difference between fine art and art, is that quality: this , and he corroborated what I suspected. If you can bring tears to people's eyes, tears of joy, with a The "energy" is not done by causing cats to yowl, by great performance of a great work, you've made it! And you exaggerated tempi, by funny rubati, or quasi-rubati-, but is never can walk away from yourself after you do that, can caused by the way in which the tone is shaped in performing. you? So you use the powerful arm of the wiener Geigerschule in order to achieve a tone-shaping which gives actually great John Sigerson: I wanted to follow up on one of the intensityto the way the tone is shaped. It's not some mechani­ previous questions, about the MusicManual, specifically in c� effect, it's the shaping of the tone that gets the intensity. terms of the singing qualities of instruments. So the Amadeus [Quartet] , in performing this, perform If you have a person who is currently a practicing Classi­ with an absolutely bel canto kind of clarity, without the cal instrumentalist, who may not have a tremendous amount scraping, without the cats and dogs yowling. It's done; but of vocal ability, what would be the primary focus for that with great energy. . . . person to work on at the present time? I would suggest, as I suggest constantly, the key is some­ Lyndon LaRouche: I think that some good instrumen­ thing that every performing musician knows, but which is not talists are actually, in a sense, frustrated singers, as the case made sufficiently self-conscious. And that is, in order to of Pablo Casals might tend to illustrate , if you recall. perform a composition, you must know the composition as a Music lies in the head. You hear music in the head, and single idea, frombeginning to end; which means it's an idea

EIR July 21, 1995 Feature 31 Lyndon LaRouche: Yes. Beauty is the sense of some­ thing good is happening to your mind, that you are having an experience, that you come out rbalizing that you have more capabilities as a human being, that you're a better person, that you faced a challenge and you met it, and you solved the problem. You've done your job, and you walk with your shoulders unburdened, because you have the sense that you did the job, and you don't have I to feel burdened about that any more . And a sense of things which open up your mind to the possibilities of your own ability to solve problems, or to get out from under, to get on top of a problem. All of these things are beauty. Beauty is not something of that type, which is not easily done . You find it in great scien�ific discoveries, you find in great fine arts. Fine arts are th4 best expression of beauty, because they are creative works tn which precisely this prob- lem is faced. For example, what I find is I whenever I'm involved in some particular chore , and the intellectual noise of the day and society around me is very burd ensome, it is difficult to concentrate with the sense of freedom you want. I found, over the years , which is my relaf on ship to music, that when­ Norbert Brainin, jirst violinist of the Amadeus Quartet and close ever I had to concentrate and I �anted to steep myself in the friendof LaRouche, examines a Stradivarius violin at the sense of beauty which would alIow me to concentrate in a Smithsonian Institution in 1990 . Thefamous "energy" of the sustained way and do the best work, I simply concentrated Amadeus was brought about by "tone-shaping," under the on music for a while. Because in great influence of a single, coherent idea of the composition . music, there is that creativity which brings out the best in you . And great art. For example, one of the great experiences I had in life, which, in a sense, exists in your mind independently of time. was standing before the stanzas in the Papal Apartments in The first note you perfonn, is perfonned under the influence the Vatican Museum, which is where the famous murals of of this idea, and the last tone you perfonn , is perfonned Raphael are . under the influence of that idea. And later, in that same day, an hour or so later, we went And if you can do it that way, and if you're up physically to another part of the museum, ,here we had, on a chair, this to doing what you think you should do , then your perfor­ original Raphael TransfiguratioTand I knew these paintings, mance will come out, if it's a good piece, as one of perfect but I had never seen them in vivo before , and when you see coherence, which began where it should have begun, and them in vivo, your relationship to the painting is changed. ended where the composer should have ended it. . . . And it's when you see them in t?at relationship, the way the This is the secret, of course, to what Furtwangler refers artist intended them to be viewed, as opposed to a reproduc­ to , in saying he perfonns between the notes .. .. tion or a picture; when you stand in a certain position before To memorize a piece and perfonn from memory , you The School of Athens, for example, you see something , and must have this, or else it will fall apart in mid-perfonnance. you go and stand in another position, and you see something And the thing is to take that idea, be conscious of that idea, different. Then you realize what the painting does. what that idea means , and these things come into place. I You get the same thing with the Transfiguration. There think the way we get at it, is by dealing with this motivic are two positions in which you oan watch that . One is closer thorough-composition conception, which is a perfection in up, and the other is more dista�t. And the closer up, you'll composition of what you wish to achieve in perfonnance . see the lower part of the Transfiguration, you step back, you It's a perfectly coherent composition, which begins with the get the upper part, as a whole. I right note , and ends with the right note . And everybody's And your idea of the paintinf, is different. It is the meta­ satisfiedthe idea has been presented. phor of the two completely different images from the same painting, such that the idea of the painting is the combining The idea of beauty in art of these two different central images, which is neither of Question: You explained how important it is to uplift them. That's art. And that's what music does. people yesterday and today, and you or Helga [Mrs. Zepp­ Where musical perfonnances fail, from my standpoint, LaRouche] talked earlier about surrounding people with apart from the mechanical failures, poor perfonnances, or beauty . Is that what you mean by that? Can you explain? this technique or that sort, conceptually fail, is where they

32 Feature EIR July 21, 1995 lack that. the history of mankind, where, as, f�r example, [professorial For example, I just heard an old recording of a Furtwang­ voice] "At the Congress of Vienna in 1814-15, the Classical ler perfonnance of the Schubert Ninth Symphony, which Period was supposed to have come to an end, and some kind has some features in it, which tend a little bit toward the of word was supposed to have gOlle out around the world, Romantic , which I don't like; but apart from that, the perfor­ where all the little spirits that advise artists, would say, 'No mance is entirely Furtwangler. It's thoroughly motivic in its more classics! Now you go to ROmlmtic ! The Romantic has composition, and from beginning to end, it's one composi­ just been decreed by the Congress of Vienna!' " tion, it's one idea. It's perfectly unified and coherent. And And these jerks will insist that between 1815 and 1818, thus, apart from that part that I don't like, it's that. every Classical composer, Beetho�en, Schubert, especially For example, Claudio Arrau's a great pianist, or was; he and so forth , were all becoming Romantic. And if I look at died, got into his 90s. But he had this terrible showmanlike the composition, I say, "There's fiothing Romantic about Romantic streak of rubato, and he would just kill it. He was these compositions, these are Classical compositions, a man of great talent; but his rubato, or his quasi-rubato at they're motivic thorough-compositipn, where Brahmsis one the wrong places, would throw me into a fit. I realized that of the greatest polyphonic motivilc thorough-composition some people liked it, because it was some kind of an idiosyn­ composers in all of history. And Qe died after most of the crasy; but it throws me . Romantics were all dead. He was still composing. So where's And with Furtwangler, this disturbing element in the per­ the Romantic period in music? Brahms is Classical to the fonnance of the Schubert Ninth, it doesn't bother me that very end." much, because the unity of the idea all the way through, is so But some people say, "No, I've been taught that he's coherent. And saturating oneself with those kinds of musical Romantic, so I'm going to play him as a Romantic. I've ideas, I findreinfor ces, for me, the duration ofthe concentra­ been taught that Schubert is becoming a Romantic, that late tion span, and purifies the mind of the garbage with which it Beethoven is Romantic." And so�body else will say "No, tends to be cluttered from the sensual world around one. And actually there are elements of Stockihausenemerging in Bee­ great art does that. thoven, especially in the late quartets." And they'll get ahold That, to me , is what is meant by the beauty of art. It of the composition, and try to performit that way. makes our lives richer. Living through the experience each So you're on thorough, better ground, if you just lookfor time, we come out feeling better than we entered it. the irony. For example, let's take a song, by Beethoven, "In Questa The issue of irony Tomba Oscura." People will treat that thing as if that were Question: I wanted to ask if you would comment on a very sad. Well, it's a highly ironical piece, if you understand certain aspect of music and poetry together, with respect to the Italian mind, which Beethoven

EIR July 21, 1995 Feature 33 falls flat, in two dimensions, so you shouldn't do what I just did. Lyndon LaRouche: If it's not ironical, it's not poetry. If it's not ironical, it's not art. As they say, "It don't do nuttin' for me . " New developmentsin

Question: We had a visitor at one of our meetings the 'Furtwrutgler case' other night, who is with the Nation of Islam, who had just, by Hartmut Cramer after much prodding recently watched the video of Minister

Farrakhan playing the Mendelssohn violin concerto ....4 I just wanted to know what you thought of the video, but also Recently, in Great Britain of all places, certain facts about what you thought of the way in which I see the effect of that, recent history have been made public which are still taboo in with having someone inspired to investigate Classical music Germany, kept quiet or suppressedby the arbiters of "politi­ for the firsttime. cal correctness." As the substrUcture of financial policy is Lyndon LaRouche: The whole video is overall ex­ beginning to waver-the sudden collapse of no fewer than tremely well done, I think:. three of the banking pillars which sustain the City of London What it does, is something very subtle, but also very (Barings, Lloyd's, and Warbu�g) is just the beginning of prominent, but, in a sense, subtle. It's in between the cracks, the end for the Anglo-American financialoli garchy-visible it's not what's explicit in there . cracks and fissures in the "superstructure" of cultural policy It presents Louis Farrakhan, and presents him in a way cannot fail to appear. that he could not be presented otherwise. It adds a dimension Let us review the developments in the order they oc­ of insight into him, and projects a depth of insight into him, curred. Until the end of April , everything was going as usual. which should not be presented in any other way, except in The British press was getting ready for the May 8 observance this relationship. of the 50th anniversaryof the victory in Europeby publishing The entire introductory section presents the setting, the various anti-German articles related to that topic. Hence, it problems, the drama, leading up to this performance, what's was not particularly surprising . that precisely on April 20 involved. Then it has the performance. Then it has the epi­ (Hitler's birthday-'-the British oligarchy has such a bizarre logue, which reflectsthat; and so therefore , it is a play within sense of perfidious symbolism), an article, several pages in a play. It's the drama built around the performance. length, against the late Wilhelm Furtwiinglerappeared in the As a result, what happened is, it's an act of self-con­ London Daily Telegraph. Portrayed as "coverage" of a stage sciousness, because it forces him to be conscious of others play which was about to be mountedin England on the "dena­ being conscious of him performing this work, and his own zification" of Furtwiingler, in which the greatest orchestral problems in facing the task of doing it. director of this century was subjected to interrogation by So when you do something like that, you can present an two Occupation officials (one British, one American), the aspect of the mind of a person which would not otherwise be Telegraph warmed over every tired cliche and slander about presented. When you can get a person who is responding to Furtwlingler, and added a few hair-raising lies of its own; the their responding to the way they areresponding to a problem, whole piece culminated in the · assertion that Furtwiingler that is, someone is watching them respond to a problem, and had made a pact with the Nazis out of a mixture of "anti­ that's the problem they're dealing with; then they attack the Semitism" and politicalnaivete . problem, do the act, and then respond to the way this whole thing has gone on, is like a drama on several levels, and Three striking points therefore you see him functioning on the several levels, as However, on three points, the line propagandized in this the person facing the performance, the person facing the article and stage play diverged� from the standard pattern: people for whom he's going to perform , in various kinds of First, in its particularly crass andiobvious lies and hatetirades people, then facing himself in the whole process, in the end. against Furtwlingler. Second, ill the fact that the British au­ So he's on all these levels simultaneously. I think: it's a thor carefully measured out the attacks on Furtwlingler: The very effective piece of communication, because he's pre­ heaviest artillery was fired by the American "cultural offi­ senting himself without actually controlling it all, but he's cer," while his relatively more polite British colleague held presenting himself in a way in which he does present himself back. This latter portrayal has not the slightest correspon­ more than he could in any other way, or in any lesser way. dence to the historical facts. It's a magnificent piece. He also has a strong right arm, The third striking point is useful for shedding light on which enabled him to bow his way through a lot of problems. the whole complex which relates to the "Furtwiingler case." Even this evil, tendentious, clumsy piece of work cannot gloss over or deny a fundamental contradiction: Why was 4. "For the Love of Music." See review below, p. 37. and is such a gigantic maelstrom constantly organized around

34 Feature EIR July 21, 1995 Furtwangler over his alleged Nazi past, when he was demon­ strably boxed in by the Nazis, yet stood up for many Jewish musicians (and not just those of "his" orchestra) , and in some cases even saved their lives (Goebbels: "There is no filthy Jew for whom this gentleman [Furtwangler] has not inter­ ceded"); whereas National Socialist Party member Herbert von Karajan, after a (very short) "nosedive" in the early postwar era, was able to continue the career on which the Nazis had launched him? Even though Karajan later triedto downplay his previous attitude as mere opportunism, the facts speak for themselves. According to the official version, he asked to become a party member in summer 1935. But as is so often the case with Karajan, the truth is much more shocking: He entered the Nazi Party twice, and the two dates of entry clearly allow us to trace his character weaknesses and how sharp his elbows were , when it came to getting to the top. He first signed up on April 8, 1933, hence exactly one day after the passage of Hitler's "Law on the Reorganization of the Employment Office" (which contained an "Aryan paragraph" which among other things deprived many Jewish musicians of their jobs); he rejoined a second time, on May 1. Even here , the date is decisive, because on May 2, 1933, a four-year moratorium decreed by Hitler went into effect. Wilhelm Furtwiinglerconducting the Thus Herbert von Karajan--quite the contrary to Furt­ 1930. wangler-made his career under the Nazis; he had good relations with Goebbels and Goering, allowed himself to be used by the Nazi bigwigs without major scruples for their stupid from the British oligarchical s�ndPoint. "What should propaganda campaigns against Furtwangler, and among oth­ not be, can not be": This slogan especially goes for Furtwan­ er things , did exactly what Furtwangler had refused to do: gler, whose character traits, especi lly his morally upright He conducted in occupied Paris. And all that did not bother attitude during the Nazi era and his musical genius, were the Occupation authorities after 1945 in the least. Already in uniquely suited to giving courage and confidence to the dis­ January 1946, Walter Legge , who had followed Karajan's oriented German people after the ,ar, and with the help of development during the Nazi period (and also had kept up the best achievements of German history, those of Classical good contacts with the Nazi regime) , set up recording ses­ culture , to point the way toward a intellectual perspective sions with Karajan with the British recording company EMI, on the future . However great the number of "goodGermans" and also entrusted the direction of the London Philharmonic n e d rshiP surely Furtwan- ! � ' Orchestra to him. �:� : I ::��:�:e;e:� a���g �: � Thus, if the facts of the case force the Telegraph to at "If: it:: had gone according to [All,ed High Commissioner] least implicitly throw open the question of what actual inten­ John McCloy, then my husband would never have conducted tions are concealed behind the attack on Furtwangler, the again after the war," Elisabeth Furtwangler, a few years reality remains that this "Hitler's Birthday" article is an ex­ ago in an interview with /bykus mJgazine, summed up the plicitly malicious and tendentious piece of propaganda which motives behind the slander campaign against Furtwangler; leaves nothing to be envied by Nazi propaganda minister this fact, along with the infamous ¥orgenthau Plan and the Joseph Goebbels's big lies and hate tirades. removal of Cologne Mayor Konradl Adenauer, explain very precisely the goals of the Anglo-American "reeducation" of Furtwangler as a role model Germany: a scorched-earth policy p ecisely in the economic, Such crude yellow journalism is always published in the political, and cultural domains. This enslavement strategy British media and the pro-British propaganda sheets in other fortunately could not be carried out, but there can be no doubt countries-including Germany-when it is deemed oppor­ that it has left behind deep wound and sharp footprints in tune or necessary. To allow the "Bloody Germans" a positive Germany, down to the present day. The submissive attitude role model from their recent history, when the politically on all important issues and the concomitant inability to think correct line dictates that the German people must be tarred strategically, which is especially strikingin the German me­ with collective guilt for the war and holocaust, as well as dia and institutions in comparison t9 other internationalpow­ with a quasi-genetic predisposition to fascism, would be very ers , is the stunning proof of that. S far, everything until the

EIR July 21, 1995 Feature 35 end of April 1995 was going as usual. British Establishment, and not just since he was raised to the Then on April 30 came the shift which surprisedso many. peerage a few years ago. His title of nobility has not prevent­ It was the SundayTelegraph that printed on that day an article ed him from openly speaking uupopular truths from time to on the "50th Jubilee" of the May 8 anniversary which would time. have been taboo in the politically correctpre ss, asserting that the British Establishment itself bears a jolting measure of Lord Menuhin gets right to the point the responsibility for the Nazis' crime. Mary Kenny, in her This is also how one ought to understand his letter to the article, "How British Theories Fuelled Nazism," described editor of the Daily Telegraph, which was printed on May 9. in detail how the Nazis had imported their insane race theories In it, Menuhin writes, "I must defend the late Wilhelm Furt­ fromthe British Isles. The truth is, a major component in the wangler. . . . His reputation has been traduced for far too rise of the Nazi ideology came from England itself: the cult long." This letter, written in responseto the Hitler's Birthday of eugenics, which underpinned the entire structure of race hatchet-job by someone who knew the musical and historical theory." Kenny singled out "four Englishmen" from whom circumstances firsthand, is remarkable in two respects. the Nazis had taken theirideas of the "superiority" of certain First, Menuhin contradictst he most far-reaching and ab­ races: Charles Darwin, Francis Galton, Karl Pearson, and surd of the lies which the Telegraph had reported as "facts," Houston Chamberlain, "one of the firstto inspire theGerman and sets the record straight on a few matters: Furtwangler's race theorists." intervention on behalf of Jewish musicians, his break with Goebbels over the performanceof Paul Hindemith's music, Mainstream of the British Establishment and "the silly question of tempi; it is now forgotten that it Kenny revealed these were not just a couple of "mad was the mercurial Italian Toscarlini who whipped them up in Englishmen," but wereright in the mainstreamof the leading New York, thereby laying the i foundations of the present currentsof the British Establishment, which even "were sup­ criteria of speed and volume w�ich destroyed the approach ported by . . . respectable people, from Winston Churchill of style and respect." Menuhin aJso takes up the painfultopic to the Haldanes and the Huxleys, including, tragically, some of "Hitler's handshake" after a concert, a photo of which distinguished Jews. " was taken as, and continues to be taken, as the "proof' of Then, on May 8, the London Times published a broad­ Furtwangler's "sympathy for Hitler." (Menuhin: "I myself ranging article on violinist Yehudi Menuhin and his wartime shook various hands which 1 wmild have preferredto avoid­ "concerts at the front" to bolster Allied troop morale. Natu­ and was photographed doing so .") rally this is nothing new; but what was astonishing is the In the second place, and much more importantly, Menu­ printing of a photo, right under the headline, "Menuhin, the hin exposes the swindle behind' the campaign against Furt­ Maestro of Peace," showing a friendly, smiling Menuhin wangler and names the names f

36 Feature ElK July 21, 1995 dedication of the mosque, Sylvia <»lden Lee , a pianist and Review teacher of international stature (th� first African-American professional musician at the New YprkMetropolitan Opera, where she was Vocal Coach 1954-5�, and professor of vocal interpretation at the Curtis Instituteof Music for more than Farrakhanpla ys 20 years), accompanied a fine yo�g singer. We learn that afterwards, at a dinner at the minister's home, a stringquartet Mendelssohn played. Mrs. Leereports that, ObV' 0 sly inspired by the day's events, when someone handed F an his violin, he rose by Debra Hanania-Freeman to perfonn. Lee admits that she didn't exx t much. "But," she re- and Fred Haight ports , "I was absolutely startled. Hi� perfonnance was capti­ vating; brilliant; prestissimos flying as he made his instru­ In 1993, the Honorable Minister Louis Farrakhan, theleader ment sing along." She was so imPressed, in fact, that she of the Nation of Islam, astonished the world with a virtuoso began to tellothers . Among thoses� spoke to was Dr.Willis perfonnance of one of the most tender and compassionate Patterson, Dean of the UniversityI of Michigan School of pieces of music in the Classical repertoire, Felix Mendels­ Music, and then head of the Natio al Association of Negro �I sohn's Violin Concerto in E minor, Opus 64. The recently Musicians. She asked him if he hadia celebrity perfonner for released videotape "For Love of Music-Farrakhan Plays the association's upcomingconfere hce. When he said he did the Violin" not only features the historic May 1993 concert, not, she suggested he invite Louis 1farrakhan. Pattersonwas but also gives viewers an inside look at how and why that shocked. "Can he play?" he asked her. Sylvia Lee replied, concert came to be. While there IS no question that Farrak­ "Oh, he can play; he plays like Is� Stem." han's startling solo perfonnance, accompanied by the New An invitation was sent and accepted. Minister Farrakhan World Orchestra conducted by Michael Morgan, is the high played the Massenet "Meditation ftom Thais," but the idea point of the videotape, it is also true that, as a totality, the of perfonning the piece he was learning when his formal complete production is an artful composition. traininghad ended-the MendelssQhn Concerto-wasborn . In the introductory moments, we learnthat Louis Farrak­ Minister Farrakhan wanted to play :it as a gift that he would han's love of the violin and Classical music is not new or give to others for his own sixtieth birthday. Having only casual, but an ' art fonn he has been committed to for over learned the first movement of the three-movement piece, fifty years . We also learn, through the words of his son Farrakhandedicated the next two years of his life to studying Mustapha, that although circumstances had forced Farr3k­ and perfecting it. During those two: years, only those closest han's fonnal training to cease some forty-four years prior to to him knew of his plan. He did ndt alter his grueling travel his 1993 perfonnance, music was always very much part of and speaking schedule. In fact, it was during this periodthat his life. Mustapha remembers a household in which he and Louis Farrakhan spoke in every �ajor city in the United his eight brothers and sisters were wakened to the sounds of States with the goal of reaching 1 tilillionblack men. Yet he their father's violin. found the hours he needed to practice and to study. His Despite Farrakhan's obvious love of the instrument, the teacher, a Russian Jewish concert �ist by the nameof Elaine fact that he did not play publicly for some four decades was Skorodin Fohnnan, often accompanied him. also a personal decision. At first, the young Louis Walcott Some of Louis Farrakhan'criti¢s s claimed that he selected was forced to abandon his fonnal training when he left his a piece by Mendelssohn, a Jewish composer, as a cheap trick home in Boston to attend college in the South, where there to cover his alleged anti-S emitism. ,But when his son Musta­ were no Classical teachers for young blacks. In 1955, when pha is asked why Mendelssohn, he looks surprised. "Why Louis Walcott meets Elijah Muhammad for the first time, Mendelssohn? It had to be Mendel$sohn. He loved him." he responds to Muhammad's plea that his followers choose The restof the videotape tells a beautiful story of every­ between entertainment and religion. It was Muhammad's thing that went into the preparation of the concert. Minister view that the black people in America had enough entertain­ Farrakhan's dedication to the music is only part of the story. ers and athletes, but were in desperate need of thinkers. Louis We learnthat an entire community had to mobilize to see the Walcott, soon to be Louis Farrakhan, dedicated himself to concert realized. A great deal of fear and slander and preju­ becoming a thinker and, at least for awhile, put away his dice had to be overcome. Just before we are taken to the beloved instrument. perfonnance, Farrakhan tries to explain his motivation in By 1989, when the Mosque Maryam was dedicated in taking on this task. Chicago, Farrakh an had risen to lead the Nation of Islam, He tells us, "Music, like truth,,is the essence of my life. and was, depending on who was doing the talking, the most When I put down my violin to dedicate myself to my people, respected or most feared black leader in America. At the some of my thinking became narrow and nationalistic. But

ElK July 21, 1995 Feature 37 In May J993-the same month he achieved his two-year project of performing the Mendelssohn Violin appeared in Washington, D.C. as part of his speaking tour of all the nation's major cities. music expands my breast and I can feel not only the pain of indicating that he had a strOng�· dea of the work as an inte­ my own people, but all of humanity. Its universality teaches grated whole. Farrakhan clear y comprehends Mendels­ of the beauty of all human beings." He talks about how the sohn's intent, and succeeds ad irably in developing such a human heart, like a fine instrument, can be crafted through concept of this work. the beauty of music to clear away ignorance and "lift men For example, the first movementI of the Concerto is indi­ from where they are to where God wants them to be . People cated "Allegro" (fast) and the thitd movement " Allegro molto don't know Farrakhan; they don't know the soul of the man. vivace" (fast and very full of life). Although the emphasis I'd like them to ." On his choice of Mendelssohn, Farrakhan "molto vivace" does not necessarily imply faster than simple says, "The man's music was simply Divine." "Allegro," violinists always pla� it very quickly, rather than But what ofFarrakhan 's music? By this time in the video, think about what the indication actually means. The result is, the viewer has no doubt of the nobility of the man or the mis­ that although the third movemeht of the piece is joyous, in sion, despite the venomous slanders that accompany nearly most recorded performances, the passion of the previous every mention of his name in print. The desire to use beautiful movements dissipates. The movbment is usually only half as music to heal wounds, to open doors , especially for young long as the first and tends to bebome a bit fluffy and light. people who might otherwise never be exposed to an orchestral Farrakhan takes the movement atla slower pace, allowing it to Classical performance, has to do some good . But, we also retain its jubilancy without bec0'ring un serious . The listener know that the Mendelssohn piece remains out of reach to even hears the echoes of the firstmovement in his mind's ear, just some professionals. The bowing is very complex. The piece as the composer intended. (Indeed, the transition from the leaps from the lowest note to the highest; there are trills; dou­ second to the third, an "Allegretto rna non troppo" quotes ble stops; all in quick succession. Well, we think, even a tiny from the first movement in orde� to underline the link.) step in the right direction is better than nothing . Maestro Michael Morgan comments earlier in the video Finally, we arrive at the doors of Chicago's Christ U ni­ that it is in the second movembnt that Louis Farrakhan's versal Temple. It is time for the concert. But can Farrakhan character comes out. A very interesting thing happens. play? To quote the New York Times critic (something we Maestro Morgan begins the thovement in the slow, Ada­ almost never do in this publication), "Can Louis Farrakhan gio-like tempo in which it is usually played. When the violin play the violin? God bless us ! He certainly can." enters, Farrakhan speeds up to the Andante (walking pace) which Mendelssohn himself indicated. We see Morgan tum The performance his head with a puzzled look before he adjusts to the soloist's First, a word on the composition. In most Classical con­ tempo. This is a cantabile (singing) movement. The tradition­ certos, there is a pause between the three movements. But, al slower tempo allows a violinist to show how well he can in this concerto, taking a cue from the late Beethoven, Men­ make his instrument sing. But the Andante tempo taken by delssohn links all three movements together without a break, Farrakhan, with his instrument sf II singing beautifully, keeps

38 Feature EIR July 21, 1995 wagnerand Mendelssohn

The arch-racist and proto-Nazi com­ in England by Wagner's chief propa­ poser Richard Wagner dared not attack gandist there , the Fabian socialist the Jewish-born Felix Mendelssohn as George Bernard Shaw . It was carried long as he lived. But shortly after the to the extreme by the Nazis, who composer's death in 1847, Wagner banned Mendelssohn's music and tore published his notorious Der Jude in der down his statue that stood in front of Musik (The Jew in Music). the Leipzig Gewandhaus, where he Since he could not credibly claim had reintroduced Bach's "St. Matthew that Mendelssohn lacked skill, Wagner Passion" to the world. invented a more insidious slander. No musician would endorse Wag­ Wagner said that "the Jew" could make ner's anti-Semitism today, but preju-' a clever imitation of western Classical dice is a subtle thing. The image of music, but that, since the Jew lacked a Mendelssohn as a "dandy" and emo­ real soul, he could never really feel it. tional lightweight has never been com­ Thus, the image of Mendelssohn as a pletely rectified. The celebrations of brilliant but superficial composer was the sesquicentennial of Mendelssohn's made "official." death in 1997, will offer a chance for This "officialline" was perpetrated setting matters straight.

a certain edge of tension coming out of the first movement both between unique individuals in Society, and between dif­ and leading into the third. The concept of the work as a whole ferent voices and vocal registers in tnusic. This habit under­ is developed, and a respect for its seriousness maintained. mines the idea that man is made in thd image of God, because it Farrakhan's ability to make his instrument sing deserves flattensthe quality that can only be mfnifested in the sovereign attention. All good instrumental music is based on the human individual's creative mind. A leader who works to develop voice and Minister Farrakhan has the mastery of bowing tech­ creati ve indi viduals would tend to al�o orient toward such dif­ nique necessary to organize phrasing as he desires . But, there ferentiation in music. is also something more . Let's examine one example he�e. Mrs . Fohrrnan, in an When Minister Farrakhan addresses the audience at the early section ofthe video, mentions the talent Farrakhandem­ conclusion of his triumphant performance, he speaks of the onstrates in playing the very difficultca denza in the firstmove­ fact that in music, every note has a different vibration, just as ment. It most be noted that this cadenza is unique. Mendels­ ' every human being ''vibrates'' differently. He jokes that the sohn places it in the middle of the movement rather than the warm-up of any orchestra sounds like pure chaos-until the end, and it is clearly a tribute to the "(:haconne"for solo violin oboist plays the "A" to which the orchestra tunes. But, he by J .S. Bach, a piece where Bach developed the principle of emphasizes, it is the composer who organizes all the tones polyphony in a single instrument to undreamt-of heights . The into a beautiful harmony. What the world needs now, he says, Mendelssohn cadenza emphasizes a low voice, something is a divine composer "to put us together on the staff of life, most unusual. The violin most often plays in the soprano or so we can combine to produce beauty, harmony, and peace ." mezzo-soprano range, but here we findthe quality of a human In music, this quality is developed through polyphony tenor voice in its middle and 10Jer registers ! Farrakhan, (many voices). A single instrument, like the violin, can cap­ though clearly capable of playing this passage with great ture the qualities of different species of human voice, such as speed, makes a point of slowing certain portions of it down, soprano and mezzo-soprano. This polyphony is further differ­ in order to make that very unique tenor voice sing, while play­ entiated by the differentregisters that exist within each species ing the higher notes much more lightly. of voice. We do not know the extent of the Minister's knowl­ The videotape is highly recomrpended. We also think it edge of vocal registration, but in the above-mentioned com­ would be a most valuable addition to the curriculum of any ments (which clearly moved the members of the orchestra), he educational institution, from elementary school on up. And, brings in a most valuable quality fromoutside formal musical we can only hope that Minister Fa!rrakhan will continue to study per se. The tendency in today's media-run culture is develop in this direction-something very sorely needed in toward a homogenization, or flattening-out,ofthe differences music, and in society today .

EIR July 21, 1995 Feature 39 TIillInternational

'u.s. must pull out frc>m theU. N.,' says LaRouche

by Umberto Pascali

It was 2 o'clockin the afternoon on July 11 when the 44,000 from what had happened: "This atrocity in Srebrenica is a men, women, and children trapped for the last three years in turning point," he stated. "ThCllse U.N. officials who are the U.N.-protected "safe haven" of Srebrenica witnessed complicit in this genocide, such.as U.N. Special Envoy Ya­ with horror the beginning of the "final solution" for the en­ sushi Akashi-those who took t1IIe decision to take the heavy clave. Fifteen hundred Chetniksof the war criminal Radovan weapons away from the Bosnians-must be triedfor crimes Karadzic broke through-unopposed-the thin line of the against humanity. " Dutch battalion, part of the U.N. Protection Forces (Unpro­ LaRouche's proposal was clear: "Onthe issue of the U.N. for) whose task it was to protect the Bosnian civilians against complicity in genocide, the U.S. !should pull out of the United the Greater Serbians. Scenes of desperation and panic fol­ Nations immediately and withdraw financial support. If it lowed. The Bosnians in Srebrenica, though committed to does not, it is complicit in crimes against humanity. Nor is it fight, had been deprived of all their weapons three years simply an issue in the United States, although the United before . They could do nothing against heavy artillery. For States has the greatest capability to deal with it. This issue many days, Karadzic's men had bombed the enclave inces­ should be raised everywhere, glObally. . . . santly, using tanks and heavy artillery. Unprofor did not "The policy to be applied against this Hitlerian atrocity respond. is that of justifiedwa r. The U.S. government-and/orNATO Only NATO air strikes, mandated by U.N. resolutions and others who want to join in this effort-must use maxi­ in case of aggression on a "safe haven," could have been mum force to get the job done with the greatest efficiency. effective. But the United Nations bureaucracy did everything All the Serbian heavyweaponry! must be taken out within 24 to prevent them-until it was too late. hours, through the use of U.S. iaerospace capabilities. The Three years before, the U.N. Security Council-under Serbians holding hostages must be told to release and retreat the formal leadership of Secretary General Boutros Boutros­ across the river Drina--or face 1!urtherdevastating attacks." Ghali and under the control of the British geopoliticians­ had imposed a plan that forced the Bosnian victims to deliver 'Hostage deal' to stop air strikes their scarce weapons to Unprofor in exchange for "protec­ According to sources from 1!he Bosnia and Hercegovina tion." The Bosnians were atrociously punished with the im­ Army and others on the scene; the only NATO air strike position of an arms embargo, while Karadzic' s gangs, heavi­ came at 2:40 p.m., 40 minutes after the Chetniks had broken ly armed with the immense arsenal of the Yugoslav Army, into Srebrenica. Reportedly, 4OiU.S. and Dutch planes, ac­ kept the genocide going, including "ethnic cleansing," con­ companied by radar-jamming escort planes, hit two Serbian centration camps, and rape camps. Now, appeasement after tanks. Their mission, the Unprofor spokesman said, was not appeasement, Karadzic was ready to dismantle the last ves­ to strike the aggressors, but to protect the Dutch battalion tiges of U.N. formal legality , the safe haven. withdrawing toward barracks in the nearby village of Po­ U.S. political leader Lyndon LaRouche was the firstin­ tocari. ternational personality to draw the historical conclusions The absurdity of the situatidn is underscored by the fact

40 International ElK July 21, 1995 that Bosnian forces, apparently, outnumbered the Serbs but that goal. The war has to spread �o Macedonia, Kosova, could do nothing against Karadzic 's tanks and artillery. Hungary, Bulgaria, and set the whble Balkans on fire�x­ As Bosnian Foreign Minister Muhamad Sacirbey under­ actly as Hitler expanded his aggression after the calculated lined in a letter to the President of the U.N. Security Council British appeasement toward him. (see Documentation) , the Chetnik aggression against Sre­ Even more , the Serbs are supposed to stir up Nazi-com­ brenica was exactly the sort of case for which several U.N. munist forces in Russia and the fok'mer Soviet Union. The resolutions have mandated air strikes. For days the Bosnian lesson of Karadzic and Serbian lea�er Slobodan Milosevic's government, othergovernments and institutions, and the mil­ genocide is that violence and aggres�ion pay. Greater Serbian itary in the field had requested those air strikes. Boutros­ representatives, when speaking i� confidence, admit that Ghali, Akashi, and the military leader of Unprofor, Gen. their hope for final victory is to �waken the "Pan-Slavic Bernard Janvier, refused to order NATO intervention. The brothers" and join them in a wara �ainst the "West" and the Unprofor bureaucrats advanced several excuses-the planes "Muslims. " could not be used during the night, could not attack infantry , Karadzic's mental problems ar�not the reason for what Karadzic's gangs had "assured" Janvier that they did not is happening. It is the instigators betHnd them, essentially the intend to enter the town, just gain "high ground"-all judged British oligarchy, that are to be spotlighted. They hope to cynical and ridiculous by NATO officials and military ex­ have a war in order to save themselves, in order to block the perts. One U.N. official told the press: "The tragedy about creation of an alliance betweenGeJ.1many and Europeon the Srebrenica is that if we had acted quickly, we could have one side and the United States on tlte other: an alliance that avoided this mess. It was clear what the Serbs were up to . potentially could isolate that small &ritish gang, and rip away . . . The height of idiocy was to say that air power would from it France, Russia, and all thos� countries thathave been have been used if those troops would have been attacked and victimized and put under control fot so long. then to not carry through." The resistence of Bosnia agai�st all odds, gives us a There is no doubt that there was a deal between the U.N. chance to realize such an alliance. $ut firstthings first: Bou­ bosses and Karadzic, a "hostages for appeasement" deal . tros-Ghali and his accomplices must be prevented from sabo­ Weeks ago, Karadzic's gangs took more than 300Unprofor taging effective measures to stop th� aggressors. soldiers hostage after the U.N. allowed a modest air strike around besieged Sarajevo. Immediately, Boutros-Ghali and 24 hours to stop the new Hi�ler project his group gave orders to halt any effective reaction against the It is important to keep in minji that before the fall of aggressors . Now, around Srebrenica, the Chetniks took 48 Srebrenica, a call by Lyndon LaRo�che to President Clinton Dutch soldiers as hostages; as of July 13, they still held them. was circulating in Bosnia, Croatia, �n European capitals, and After the first attack against the two tanks, Bosnian Serb in the United States. It asked that thcrU.S. administration "be commander Gen. Ratko Mladic ordered the bombing of the prepared to eliminate within a time �pan of not more than48 U.N. barracks in Potocari. He also announced that he was hours the essential heavy-weapons�apabilities of the Bosni­ going to kill the hostages if the planes did not leave the an Serbs . ... We have thecapabili�es .. ..Were the heavy­ Srebrenica area. As Lt. Col. Gary Coward , the U.N. spokes­ weapons capabilities to be strippeq away from the Bosnian man in Sarajevo, put it, the U.N. had "little choice" but to Serbs, or to be eliminated, then th� combination of theCro­ ask NATO to withdraw the planes. atian military forces and the BosniljnArmy would bring the There is no doubt, as the prime minister of Bosnia (see war to a peaceful conclusion quite �pidly." Documentation) and innumerable other prominent leaders all The assault on Srebrenica gave iUS an opportunity to call over the world have stated, that Srebrenica was sacrificed as the British bluff. Sources told EIR that what terrorizes Bou­ the result of a "hostage deal. " The question raised here-and tros-Ghali is that if effective air stJ1kes took place, then the the interview of Ambassador Nedzib Sacirbey (p. 43) is very whole game would be over. Every �ime a coalition of coun­ revealing-is: How is it possible for the hordes of Karadzic tries and institutions has agreed to ,ct effectively to stop the to take so many hostages at will? Observers told EIR that the genocide, Boutros-Ghali has reacted with sabotage. Some taking of hostages is favored by the U.N. leadership in order talk openly of a "structural"compli Fity with the Serbs. to have a pretext for giving in to the Serb ultimatums. The Former British Foreign Minister Lord Peter Carrington, military in the field are cynically sacrificed, on behalf of one of the controllers of Henry Ki�inger and the firstto set a pre-decided plan that seeks the reconstitution of former up the Balkans tragedy , voiced � British geopoliticians' Yugoslavia and the consolidation of a brutal Greater Serbia. relief one day after the fall of Srebrenica: "Frankly, no one has the will to take on the Bosni� Serbs. So I agree with Frightful implications Secretary General Boutros-Ghali thJit the situation will go on The reason is, that the puppet masters of Boutros-Ghali as it is now !" From Athens, Boutrqs-Ghali echoed: "I doubt and Akashi want the war to continue and expand, and the that even with air strikes, the U.l'1l. forces will be able to Hitler-like Karadzic is the most efficient instrument to reach protect the rest of the safe zones in aosnia."

EIR July 21, 1995 International 41 the U.N. mission into question. '!There isn't much we can do Documentation to stop this advance, but if the U.JN.does nothing, we propose to review the usefulness of Unprof or here," he said. On July 10, Silajdzic stated: 'lKaradzic's Serbs obviously On July 12, in Sarajevo, President Alija Izetbegovic, of the were given the green light by th� West to commit this act of Republic of Bosnia and Hercegovina, issued the following terrorism and genocide. The greitn light is very clear." statement: After the fall of Srebrenica, Silajdzic said: "The United 1) We demand that the U.N. and NATO reestablish by Nations once again failed. It would have been more efficient force the violated safe zone of Srebrenica within the borders for NATO to attack five, four d.ys ago, or even yesterday. it had before the attack, namely as of May 1993. With Srebrenica, the internation�l community demonstrated 2) If they [the U.N.] cannot do or do not want to do this, again that with its own forces, it icannot keep its word. They we demand that it be publicly stated. waited for the Serbs to enter Srebrenica and then started air 3) We also request that in any possible way, including strikes. These air strikes will nol harm Karadzic's Serbs too via air drops, in cooperation with the UNHCR [U.N. Human much and I really do not know ! what's the use of such air Rights Commission], tents, food, and medicine be provided strikes. The Serbs will attack again, and presently they are for the population expelled . . . and the evacuation of the attacking the other Bosnian enclalveswhile all eyes are turned wounded and sick be organized. toward Srebrenica. I do not knoWithe condition of the citizens 4) If [the U.N.] cannot or do not want to do this, we of Srebrenica. This morning at 6!a.m. , I spoke to the people demand that this be publicly stated. of Srebrenica. They told me th�y do not believe anything 5) The minimum they owe to this country-an equal mem­ anymore. They asked me whethtjrthey had been condemned ber of the United Nations-and to its people, are clear and to death, whether they had been cpmpletely abandoned. They unambiguous answers to the above questions. The present were very bitter and frightened fot their lives, and the destruc­ confusion in their statements only worsen the situation .... tion of one Serbian tank is not enough and it came too late." 6) Of course, their negative answer would mean they pub­ I licly accept the legalization of force in internationallaw , that In a letter on July 9 to the Pre�ident of the U.N. Security they accept genocide as afait accompli, and they accept crimi­ Council Gerardo Martinez Blana.,o, Bosnian Foreign Minis­ nals as equal negotiators. And this is the reason why they avoid ter Muhamad Sacirbey demantJed that the U.N. respect its giving clear answers, and this is also the reason why we need own resolutions: clear answers. I am instructed by my governlnentto request an emergen­ 7) The obligations of the international community are cy session of the Security Coundil to address the situation in based upon valid Security Council resolutions, but above all the U.N . -designated area of Sreitenica, due to the following: we see their base in the imposition of the arms embargo. By 1) There has been an attack on the safe area of Srebrenica, actively depriving us of our right to self-defense, the interna­ combining tanks, artillery, and i4fantry corps, more than one tional community has taken upon itself the obligation to de­ thousand shells hit the center of the enclave. 2) The U.N. fend us. The international communityhas the right to choose, observation posts . . . have been attacked, some have been but it must not deprive us of both the defense and the right to besieged, and other have been atiandoned. 3) In some places, self-defense. Let the international community choose. Serbs have gone as deep as 5 �lometers into the enclave. 8) I wish to add that I spent the last two days in the field. This attack is purely aimed at tlte civilian population. . . . I met with General Delic and the commanders of the [Bosnian We must here remind all that on May 8, 1993, the Bosnian Anny] Corps. We analyzed the military situation in the coun­ defense units protecting the population and territory of Sre­ try, in particular in the area around Sarajevo. We restated our brenica were disarmed in exchiange for U.N. and NATO commitment to lift the Sarajevo blockade by political or by assumption of responsibility for defending the area. military means. Our soldiers are convinced that they can do In this context, I would lik� to recall Security Council this. I visited yesterday some units in the region of the Cemer­ resolutions 819 (1993), 824 (1993), and 836 (1993), and ska Mountain and I witnessed the high morale of our fighters. relevant paragraphs of the NATO decision, dated April 22, 1994, namely Paragraph 8, in wtlich it was agreed that: "If the Bosnian Prime Minister Baris Silajdzic denounced the safe areas of Bihac, Srebrenica, tuzla or Zepa areattacked by slaughter of Srebrenica as part of the deal for hostages, in heavy weapons . . . or if . . .:there is a concentration or an intt;rview with Reuters in Sarajevo on July 9. movement of heavy weapons wi1lhin a radius of 20 kilometers "I'm starting to believe what some people say, that there . .. they will be designated ... military exclusion was a deal between the U.N. and the Serbs over the hostages, zones." ... and Srebrenica is to be sacrificed," Silajdzic said. The failure [Minister Sacirbey then quoted Paragraph 9 of the same of the United Nations to halt the advance of Bosnian Serb NATO document issued] in pursuit of these objectives and in tanks into the eastern enclave of Srebrenica puts the future of response to the request of the U.N. Secretary General of 18th

42 International ElK July 21, 1995 April 1994: "If any Bosnian Serb attacks involving heavy VNHCR-only15% of the minimum amount necessary.Be­ weapons are carried out in the V.N. safe areas.. . these weap­ cause convoys carrying seeds we� barred by Serbs from ons and other Bosnia Serbmilitary assets, as well as their direct reaching Srebrenica, local food productionwill only amount and essential military support facilities, including, but not limit­ to 50% of what was expected. ed, to fuel installations and munitions sites, will be subjected to Though there is a humanitarianI catastrophe going on in NA TO air strikes, in accordance with the procedural arrange­ Srebrenica, Srebrenica is not a "natwal" humanitariancrisis . ments worked out between NATO and Vnprofor."... It did not just happen. The more than three-year-old siege of Srebrenica and its humanitarian consequences are no mis­ Bosnian Ambassador to the United States Sven Alkalaj, take . They are the deliberate and �t results of the aggres­ sp eaking on July 12 at luncheon fo r Parliamentarians fo r sion and genocide carried out by Bdlgrade and its proxies to Global Action in Washington, D.C. Transcribed by Federal militarily create a greater Serbia a,ld to change European News Service: borders by force...... Forty to fifty thousand civilians are now being sub­ ject to genocide. Serbian forces have overrun Srebrenica and Pope John Paul II, reported by Reuters on July 9. have entered Potocari, the town nearby , where tens of thou­ Pope John Paul II called for an flnd to the warin Bosnia, sands of refugees fled... . . These scenes are reminding us of saying basic human rights were being trampled underfoot. the scenes of the Second World War, of the deportation of He asked those responsible how they could ever justify their thousands of people, innocent civilians, who didn't support conduct before God. In one of the strongest appeals he has fascism. We wrote and expected that these scenes we made for peace in the former Yugoslavia, the pontiff said wouldn't see ever again, and we said never again, but it seems rights "including the right to life, cdntinue to be trampled in that all this is happening in frontof cameras , in front of media such a barbarous manner," and suggested that the gUilty of the 20th century , and the world is standing still. . . . would be damned. "What excuse cQUld someone make after We are in a situation like in Munich, 1939, when appease­ preventing food from reaching the mouths of thousands of ment prevailed, and we knew what happened during the Sec­ starving men? How can those who have turned their neigh­ ond World War. And I'm so amazed that genocide can hap­ bors out of their houses enter eternalheaven?" he asked. pen in front of the world's eyes without consequence for those who are carrying out the genocide .. .. We hope that the conscience of the international commu­ nity will be waking up and some immediate action will take Interview: Nedzib Sacirbey place. We hope this might happen immediately, without de­ lay, because we would experience thousands of thousand deaths, additional hundreds of rapes, and new concentration 1 camps-not even to talk about mass graves .... Airstrikes are

Bosnian Ambassador to the United States Sven Alkalaj issued the fo llowing statement on the Serb offensive on Sre­ needed for pe�ce brenica on July 10: Terrorist Serb military forces yesterday launched a strong Nedzib Sacirbey is Bosnian ambassador-at-large and the offensive on the so-called V.N.-declared "safe area" of Sre­ spokesman of President Alija Izetbegovic in the United brenica using infantry troops, heavy weapons, and tanks. States . He sp oke with Umbeno Pascali on July 5 and on July More than 1,000 shells, fired by the aggressor Serb forces, 11, immediately aft er the fa ll of Srebrenica. landed in the city center. In the past three days, eight civilians have been killed in Srebrenica. The Serbs also overran a V.N. EIR: A few hours ago, Srebrenica was taken; the V.N.­ observation post and detained 20 Dutch V.N. peacekeepers. authorized air strike came 40 minutes later. V.N. spokesman Rida Ettarashany confirmed that the Serbs Sacirhey: The air strikes were too �ate and wereorganized "have encroached 3 km into the safe area." In some areas, in a way to be too late. The situation is like it was for Hitler. Serb forces are now at least 5 km into the enclave. [Bosnian Serb leader Radovan] Karjldzic is conquering and The Dutch battalion's calls for NATO air strikes to stop advancing. The world is appeasing him. He will not stop. It the Serb offensive were denied. The V.N. did allow NATO is only the beginning. i close air support. We did advise the V.N. Protectic>o Force [Vnprofor] and The humanitarian situation in Srebrenica is catastrophic. the V.N. administration about the �nding problem and sug­ Of the 77 humanitarian convoys slated to go to Srebrenica gested the use of air strikes in time: to protect civilians and this year, only 19 made it. For the past 45 days, Srebrenica' s Dutch Vnprofor soldiers. Karadzic qoes not believe that Vn­ civilians have received only about seven pounds of food from profor has the will-power to fulfilli tS obligations, according

EIR July 21, 1995 International 43 to the V.N. Charter and mandate of the Security Council. and try to promote the cause de peace. If we do not have What can we expect now? Moredeat hs, more killings, more enough food, we have to try to "reak the siege of Sarajevo. bloodshed of innocent people and more degradation for Vn­ If you cannot treat your woundeU and your sick, cannot feed profor soldiers by Karadzic' s Serbs.They [the Serbs] humili­ your population, you have no chbice .. ..Consequently , the ate them and try to send a message to the world. They are non-implementation of the V.N .1 resolutionby Boutros-Ghali nothing other than hostages and bargaining chips in Karad­ is one of the reasons for the fi�ting, and he who stops air zic 's hands. . . . Whatever happens to them happens because strikes for the protection of Saritjevo encourages the killing those who lead left them exposed and did not protect them. of our civilians. There is not a confrontation between two It is cynical to say we have to call the air strikes off because armies in Sarajevo. It is terror land brutality over civilians night is coming .... by Karadzic's Serbs, using canhons, tanks, and all kind of destructive means in order to terrorize them, to brutalize EIR: What does Bosnia need now? them. . . . Vnfortunately, the world does not understand that Sacirbey: Bosnia needs to fight for the physical existence ethnic cleansing is the ideology of Karadzic; extermination of its people. We have to protect them; we need arms . We of Bosnians who are not Serb. is the ,goal of the aggres­ will call our friends to come to our aid because it is a question sors .... of survival, biological existence. And we do believe that we I have to express my gratitude . . . to the soldiers of enjoy the sympathy of simple people all over this planet. Vnprofor ....We have reservations about their leaders; in particular, a dark memory is th� name and behavior of Gen. EIR: There are reports, confirmed by Karadzic's number Michael Rose of the V.K., who behaved as a servant of two, that a deal for the Vnprofor hostages was struck by V .N . Karadzic. Vnfortunately, the name of Mr. Akashi will be Secretary General Boutros Boutros-Ghaliand Karadzic, that added to it .... the V.N. would not react to violations of Bosnian airspace . We are not asking anyone to support Bosnia becausewe Sacirbey: This information is coming fromneutral sources, are Bosnians, but because we I are defending international not fromthe Bosnian government. [Bosnian Serb command­ law. ; o'.We are saying, "Come to our side because we are er Gen. Ratko] Mladic and Karadzic warned the world in on the right side." ...In Sar�evo, we have 50 to 60,000 advance that in case something happened that they did not Serbs . . . fighting on the side bf the Bosnian government. like, they would take hostages. Vnprofor didn't prepare itself More Serbians in Bosnia are onlthe side of the Bosnian gov­ for this situation. I am surprised that these hostages became ernmentthan on the side of Kaqadzic .. .. a sort of trade between Vnprofor and the V.N. secretariat, Many Serb refugees from Bbsnia and Krajina are in Ser­ and Karadzic's Serbs and Mladic. It is sad, because they are bia in the area under the controJ of Milosevic. These young selling Bosnian civilians. They are selling the dignity of the people are collected and shippe« against their will to Bosnia V.N., they are selling the mandate of the V.N. in Bosnia. It and Krajina, mobilized to fightion the side of Karadzic and is something that history will not forget. Martic. They consider these acts illegal. It is like during the If [V. N. Special Envoy Yasushi] Akashi believes that his last Nazi period. duty is to appease Karadzic and his followers, it will be I saw the picture of the Almerican Army entering the noticed. If he believes that supporting the Serbian side and concentration camps in 1945 . I see the picture of Bosnians in trying to extort everything from us because we in Sarajevo Serbian concentration camps ill1 1992, and now I see these are in a weaker position, without food and medicine, it is hostages of V nprofor in the hankls ofKarad zic. something very important. If Karadzic's Serbs capture Sara­ jevo, what will they do with the population? Akashi is wrong; EIR: You do not need to send Imassive numbers of soldiers he is not promoting an agreement, he is promoting advan­ into Bosnia, but you can use air power to neutralize the heavy tages for an aggressor. Consequently, he is promoting the weapons of the Serbs. This is technically possible; what is goals of aggressors. lacking is a political decisiop. V.S. statesman Lyndon LaRouche, in a call to President Clinton, has urged that such EIR: Akashi sent a letter to Karadzic, which was denounced action be taken. by Bosnian Foreign Minister Muhamad Sacirbey. Sacirbey: Yes, we know that air strikes on Karadzic's Sacirbey: The V.N. Security Council voted a general reso­ Serbs, and on Serbia proper, would solve all these problems lution regarding the situation in Bosnia-safe areas, no-fly in 24 to 48 hours. We are not a�king for air strikes so that we zones, humanitarian aid. Akashi and some other people were can claim victory, but to defend the population. We are ask­ more concernedto appeasethe Serbs than to implement that ing for air strikes in order to have peace. We would have a resolution. diplomatic solution. . . . It is not a question of having 50 or The role of the V. N. is not to protect the Bosnian govern­ 60% of the territory, but to have peace. ment, but it definitively is not to appease Karadzic either. The mandate of Vnprofor is not to have hostages. The The role of the V.N. is minimally to bring humanitarian aid young brave men of Vnprofon came to help civilians, but

44 International EIR July 21, 1995 Unprofor is acting against the U.N. resolution. Unprofor is just there to appease, castrated on one side by Karadzic, on the other by their own leadership.

EIR: The war is part of British geopolitics. Sacirbey: . ..Major is for the embargo;he cannot escape Egypt,Algeria steered condemnation of history for this. We will have a dark memo­ ry of [former French President Fran�ois] Mitterrand .... toward confrontations [Former U.N. negotiator Lord] David Owen is the author of apartheid. by Muriel Mirak-Weissbach What wouid happen if in the United States someone tried to divide Catholics from Protestants, or from other ethnic groups? . . . The idea of racial apartheid is an idea from When assailants mounted an assassination attempt against Mein Kampf-it's Karadzic's idea of the superior Serb race. Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak on June 26, just prior All Catholic and Muslim places of worship under the to the opening of the Organization of African Unity (OAU) control of Karadzic have been destroyed. All Greek Ortho­ summit, Lyndon LaRouche denoutced it as an operation dox places of worship under Bosnian control have been pro­ orchestrated by British intelligence, aimed at setting the tected and preserved ...[as have] human rights, the dignity Egyptian President on a confrontation course with neigh­ of human beings. boring Sudan. Furthermore, LaRouche detailed in an EIR interview, the incident was geared to sabotage several high­ EIR: Are there signs that France and Russia could go in a level meetings which would have �en place at the Adis different direction than Britain? Abeba summit, including talks betwleen Sudanese President Sacirbey: I believe, yes . . . Russia and Serbia are histori­ Gen. Omar AI-Bashir and Mubarak� as well as discussions cally friends and we are in favor of that friendship,but we do related to the Algerian civil war, around perspectives for not want Russia to identify Serbiawith Karadzic's deeds and findinga solution through governmenttalks with the opposi­ followers. They should realize that they are not supporting tion movement Islamic Salvation FrQnt (PIS). Both process­ the cause of the Serbian people. It is the fascist conception es of rapprochement, crucial to the stability of the region, of Karadzic that every human being has to condemn. have been aborted in the wake of the assassination attempt, and a dynamic leading to escalated military confrontation EIR: What is the reality of the attempt to freeSara jevo, your has been unleashed. The name of the game in both, is capital? the "Clash of Civilizations," the �rm coined by British Sacirbey: Since April 8, no plane has landed at the Sarajevo geopolitician Bernard Lewis to designate the scenario for airportwith humanitarian aid. For more than two months, no destabilization run under the rubric :of "religious" contlict. convoy, no delivery of food , has come through the so-called Since the Adis Abeba assault, President Mubarak has blue road to Sarajevo. We don't have enough medicine, and fanned the tlames of contlict by charging Sudan, and spe­ there is no water. The situation is impossible for us and the cifically Sudanese spiritual leader Dr. Hassan al-Turabi, Unprofor forces. with responsibility for the assassination attempt. Sudanese Consequently, we have no choice but to attempt to open government spokesmen cautioned against attributing blame Sarajevo in order that food and medicine can be brought in. until investigations conducted in Ethiopia had yielded evi­ We are not making a general attack on Serbianlin es, for mili­ dence, but Mubarak used the mass media to trumpet his tary reasons that I do not want to discuss here, but we have charges, whipping up the population against their southern to try to cross Serbian lines and to eventually bring in food, neighbor, and creating tensions also with Ethiopia. The medicine, and electricity. We would preferthat this would be investigations carried out by Adis Abeba authorities contra­ done by peaceful means ....It is generally known that our dicted Mubarak's claims, indicating that the assailants had soldiers are better motivated, but our hands are almost tied been not Sudanese, but Egyptian nationals. At Mubarak's because of the arms embargo. The arms embargo, imposed insistence that the assailants had no�etheless been "sent by against Yugoslavia in 1991, is basically implemented only and from" Sudan, the Ethiopian authorities responded that against Bosnia and Hercegovina. We do not have arms. the assailants could have entered the country by any of the When our Army tried to do something, Karadzic reacted fivebordering nations with which it llDaintainsopen borders . by bombing Sarajevo, which is held hostage to their brutality, Furthermore, Egyptian investigatol"$ who had travelled to peoplewho ignore internationallaw and the norms of war. The Adis Abeba to provide assistance, were so heavy-handed in Geneva Convention says that civilians should be protected; their attempts to steer the direction ofinquiry, and, according unfortunately, the peace forces areobservers , and history will to one source, to bribe the Ethiopi� officials, that the host remember who did what. country sent them packing back to ! Cairo. Instead, it was

EIR July 2 1 , 1995 International 45 reported, an FBI team was working with the Ethiopian inves­ on. War against Sudan would be a catastrophe for Egypt as tigators. well, transforming the severe i1nternal crisis of the depres­ Flying in the face of facts unearthedby the police investi­ sion-wracked country into outright civil war. gations, the Egyptian press continued orchestrating a cam­ paign preparing for war. According to leading Egyptian The second war of Algeria intellectuals who spoke to EIR on July 12, a military move The other major crisis which would have been discussed in Halaib is expected, "unless wise people can stop it at the at the OAU summit, indeed had already been the subject last minute." "You can smell it coming," one said. Hostilit­ of private talks between Mubarak and Algerian President ies had broken out in the contested triangular region of Liamine Zeroual, was the civiliwar in Algeria. It is known Halaib right after the assassination attempt, as the Egyptian that Zeroual had briefed Mubarak on the dialogue that he had military attacked and killed several Sudanese police officers opened with representatives of the FIS inside the country. stationed there . Halaib is the place where such clashes have Zeroual had been virtually forced to talk to the FIS, by pres­ occurredin the past when tensions between the two countries sure exerted from abroad, by the Clinton administrationand reached the boiling point. Yet this time, according to the the new Jacques Chirac regime in France. Yet, in line with editor of one leading Egyptian press organ, a military cam­ the anti-Islamic rhetoric issuing from Cairo, Zeroual soon paign opening in Halaib could be part of a wider campaign changed his tune as well, returning officiallyto a confronta­ against Sudan, possibly including international sanctions. tionist policy. On July 5, he delivered a speechcommemorat­ In this context, military maneuvers conducted on the Red ing the country's independence; and promised to "eradicate" Sea in the second week of July were viewed with suspicion or "uproot" the opposition. The hard-line military behind as part of a broader scenario. Zeroual, who are committed to annihilating the opposition, are known as the "eradicators;" On July 12, Zeroual an­ Practice for a blockade nounced that talks with the FIS had "broken down," allegedly The British-American-Egyptian maneuvers, although re­ due to the intransigence of his interlocutors. The deadlock portedly planned for a year, were made public only a week came, according to the government, because the FIS would prior to their commencement. Furthermore, the purpose of not agree to a cease-fire until !the government released its the maneuvers was to exercise the imposition of a blockade. leaders from detention. As they took place off the coast of Port Sudan, they were According to the FIS, which issued a communique in viewed in Khartoum as rehearsing a naval blockade against Germany, the Algerian govermment refused to accept the that country. A furtherconsid eration supporting the hypothe­ notion of Islam as the inspiration oflaw "although the [Alge­ sis that sanctions may be on the agenda, relates to recent rian] Constitution stipulates that Islam is the state religion." changes in Egyptian legislation regulating entry of Sudanese The FIS stated, this showed that the government was not into the country. Whereas earlier, Sudanese and Egyptians serious in its attempt to finda n�gotiated solution to the war. could freely come and go to and from both countries without Sources inside Algeria told EIR that Zeroual had tried in the a visa, now the Egyptians demand a visa of the Sudanese to negotiations to split the FIS spokesmen into three separate enter, and a sojourn permit to remain there. The change in groups, in a "divide and conquer" tactic. Zeroual's earlier the law could be a preventive measure in case a blockade claims to progress in the talks are viewed as government were imposed: This would prevent Sudanese, who would propaganda, intended to reassure European political forces want to fleean embargo, from entering Egypt. and the International Monetary Fund that the situation is Sanctions against Sudan are the standard demand of a under control. plethora of institutions and persons engaged in · the British crusade against Khartoum, such as Deputy Speaker of the A dramatic declaration of policy British House of Lords Baroness (Caroline) Cox, U.S. Rep. What the Algerian governmentaims trulyare , was mani­ Frank Wolf (R-Va.), Amnesty International, the Society for fest in Paris the same day, when a leading FIS personality Endangered Peoples, and so forth . The aim of sanctions was mowed down in cold blood. Sheik Abdelbaki Sahraoui, would be to destroy the country's economy, foment the do­ an 85-year-old Algerian co-follnderof the FIS, was shot by mestic discontent which would predictably result from such two assailants who entered his mosque on Rue Myrha and hardship, and prepare a coup d'etat against the current gov­ opened fire with machine-guns, shooting him in the face. A ernment. second person, who tried to protect the old imam, was also If the Egyptian President is embarking on a full-scale riddled with bullets. military adventure against Sudan, he is playing with fire. The assassination of the imam is a dramatic declaration Contradictory reports issuing from press organs and from of policy. Sahraoui was a moderate, the only FIS leader given governmentbodies over the past week indicate confusion and the right to reside in France, and an unofficial liaison to the discord within the Egyptian establishment, which does not French government. According to a profile in the Parisdaily unanimously support the rampage Mubarak has embarked Le Monde on July 13, before taking part in the foundation of

46 International EIR July 21, 1995 the PIS in 1989, Sahraoui had been a teacher of Arabic in Algiers, and, after emigrating to France in 1956, had worked in the trade union movement, to integrate Algerian workers. Following independence in 1962, he returned home to con­ tinue his teaching career, and entered politics. A co-founder of the PIS, he became its vice president, and supported the can patriots democratic method of gaining political power through the Mri electoral process. In June 1991, following clashes in Algeria, gatherin he moved to France, where he lived in exile. He was the Paris honorary president of the PIS executive abroad and PIS by Odile Mojon spokesman in France. Sahraoui was regularly interviewed on French television, to analyze political events in Algeria, and repeatedly spoke out against the murder of civilians by the Most of those invited by the Schiller Institute to a July 11 Armed Islamic Group (GIA). This earned him the reputation conference on Peace, Development, and Human Rights of a moderate, even among the most visceral anti-Islamists knew from the outset that this woulcl be a historic event. In of the French police apparatus, including former Interior addition to former President of Uganda Godfrey Binaisa, it Minister Charles Pasqua. During the raids against Algerians was announced that therewould be aNigerian delegation led and other Muslims residing in France, Sahraoui was never by Chief Odumegwu Oj ukwu of the National Constitutional disturbed, a fact which points to a special relationship he Conference (NCC) of Nigeria. Those who knoweven a little enjoyed with the authorities. This raises the disquieting ques­ bit about Africa, will recall the role played by Ojukwu in tion: If he was smiled upon by Pasqua, why did he not have the independence struggle of Biafra, which he proclaimed any protection fromFrench security forces? following the massacre of the Ibos. In addition to this delega­ At his mosque on Rue Myrha, Sahraoui was known to tion, including Chief Abiola Ogundokun of the NCC, Dr. dedicate his energies to social problems. He is quoted in Le George A. Abiozor, director general of the NigerianInstitute Monde as laughing off the label "fundamentalist": "Our main of International Affairs , Sen. Ali Sharif, and Baba Adi, role is to approach the [Muslim] communities and to fight participants were honored by the presence of Prof. G.O. against deliquency and drugs. " Olusanya, the Nigerian ambassador in Paris. Killing Sahraoui, while at prayer in a mosque, was a If, during the 1970s, there was still hope that Africa declaration of war by the Algerian "eradicators ." This was could, sooner or later, get back into the mainstream of the first time that an Algerian PIS member in exile had been economic and political development, 25 years later, this killed, and as such, is a warning to other leading PIS repre­ hope has faded and given way to cy�cism. That was a point sentatives in Europe and the United States. Eyewitnesses that former French Presidential candidate Jacques Che­ described the assailants as Algerian military security types, minade stressed in his introduction, e"plaining how, "where­ but press accounts say they were from the terrorist GIA, as yesterday's rejection of racism, coilonialism, and financial which, according to the London-based Al Bayat. claimed neo-colonialism would appear to be la banality to an honest responsibility for the murder. Attributing it to the GIA is a man, we hear today more and more justificationof a recolo­ way of igniting internalstrife within the PIS and the Algerian nization which is returning-withoutany fanfare-to estab­ opposition as a whole. It is known that the GIA has been lish virtual slavery." infiltratedand manipulated by Algerian security forces, who The picture he painted of the situation in Africaallowed oftenperpetrate atrocities then blamed on "the Islamists." the 170 participants to see how, in order to create this· neo­ The dramatic tum in Algeria cannot be viewed as an colonialist Frankenstein's monster, hands and feet have been "Algerian" decision. Just as the road to dialogue was opened grafted on, in the form of the International Monetary Fund last December by the intervention of forces outside Algeria­ and regional wars. As for the monsler's brain, this clearly in that case, by Catholic circles who organized a conference comes from those who are manipulating, fostering, and of the opposition parties in Rome-so the confrontation propagating the ideology that justifie$the triagethat Africa is course has always been steered from abroad. The policy has subjected to, whether in the "hard" version-blatant racism, been mapped out in London, and French forces associated which is acting in a manner that would have beenunthinkable with the former governmenthave been complicit. This com­ 30 years ago-or in the "soft" versiol)-persistentmanipula­ plicity was best illustrated in the close cooperation Pasqua tion of the media and hypocritical use of human rights and maintained on Algeria policy with his British colleagues. of democracy, where these words are debased in order to Unless energetic action is taken outside Algeria to pres­ abolish independence. sure that government to accept negotiations for a peaceful That is why, if one attaches some value to the rights of solution, the civil war which has bled the country over the man, and if one truly wishes for Africa to heal its wounds, past three years threatens to become a second war of Algiers. one must acknowledge the primarytiuman right, that is, the

EIR July 21, 1995 International 47 right to development and progress. In order to do this, be done, from the political stapdpoint first of all, with the European countries must themselves change their policies, departureof the military from�liti cs, which must be carried both toward the East on their own continent and toward the out in conformity with civil laws and peace. Then, a new South. In order to concretely illustratethis point, Cheminade constitution must be adopted, gUaranteeing exact representa­ showed fivemaps of Africa depicting the outlines of several tion of each of the different states and the rights of each infrastructure projects. It has become perfectly clear that citizen. the true problem in realizing such projects does not lie in This is a very sensitive question at a time when the some kind of technical difficultywithin the projects-several country is regularly under attadk by the international (espe­ of which have already been the object of numerous studies cially British) press over accusations of corruption and hu­ and discussions since the 19th century-but rather in the man rights violations. Aside from the fact that one might lack of political will. well ask if there is any country on this planet with the The right to development was at the heart of a call sent truly desirable moral standing to expose corruption, it is out by the former President of Uganda, Godfrey L. Binaisa, admittedly difficult,and possiblyeven risky, to makesarcas­ last January. This was a call for the formation of an African tic judgments without knowing anything about the country's civil rights movement, with the objective of bringing togeth­ politics. That is the lesson one should draw fromthe expose er Africans, beyond ethnic and tribal divisions, around a of Chief Abiola Ogundokun on democracy and what he calls project of peace through development, in the spirit of the "tribal chauvinism." peace plan between Israel and Palestine. For, although the Since before independence, and up to the present,politi­ flags and national anthems have changed, since "decoloniali­ cal life in Nigeria has witnessed numerous movements zation," the substance itself has not changed since the coloni­ marked by battles between political parties usually defined al powers were replaced by economic powers such as the by tribaland ethnic lines. What lCameof it? Violence, massa­ IMF. Some heads of state, such as Franklin Roosevelt, John cres, coups d'etat, punctuated; by more or less successful F. Kennedy, and Charles de Gaulle, had certainly tried, effortsto push democracy forwardand especiallythe regular with moreor less success, to fight imperialism and to have return of the military to power. Before assuming his func­ a pro-development policy toward newly independent coun­ tion, the current leader of Nigeria, Gen. Sani Abacha, had tries, but these efforts were interrupted by Kennedy's assas­ clearly indicated that he would Inot restore civilian ruleuntil sination. after a solid base for a democratic government had been laid. This is the processthat Nigerians want to bring to good The Nigerian example end. The case of Nigeria is exemplary. Professor Olusanya briefly reviewedthe pertinentfact s: The former colony of the The call goes out British Empire, Nigeria, born in 1914 and having achieved Uwe Friesecke of the Schiller Institute, who gave the independence in 1960, was not only the most populous concluding speech, demonstrated the stakes in this battle, country in Africa (about 90 million inhabitants), but it also reprising how the press treatsthe case of Nigeria. Those who had considerable petroleumand mineral wealth. This young, denounce the "turpitude" of Nigeria know very well what is multi-ethnic, and multi-religious countrytoday faces a crisis really at stake: the fightbetween nea-colonialism and free­ such as all democracies have had, with the difference that, dom. Friesecke said we have come to the end of a historical in other such cases, the crises have often come close to period, in which virtually all international institutions and killing the patient, as the French Revolution bears witness. authority are discredited, which has nonetheless left no It is good to recall, Olusanya said, that when the present dearth of countries that have been victimized by their poli­ government of Nigeria came to power, the country was on cies. Whether it be Russia, M�xico, or Argentina, the price the verge of collapse, and that those who today talk about is being paid in "pounds of flesh" which the populations of sanctions were thesame ones who favored this government's these countriesmust pay in orderto continue to live in misery. coming to power. Nigeria's sole crime is that it opposedthe IMF and theWorld Nigeria is a rich country with great potential for Africa Bank. as a whole. This gives it a special responsibility, which The conferencepromises to bejust a preludeto a growing cannot be concretized as long as thepolicy of former colonial movement. A flood of questions showed to what extent the nations consists in "not allowing the true Africato emerge," work has only begun, since up to now, debate on fundamental as Ojukwu put it in his impassioned talk. Speaking.as some­ problems has been generally cqntrolled throughclassic Brit­ one with great experience and deep familiarity with his ish "divide and conquer" methods,and has been channeled country-both from at home and abroad-he nonetheless into dead-ends. Among the p�cipants representing a broad did not hesitate to upbraid his compatriots: array of African nations, many associations which had sent "We have celebrated our independence for 30 years. It delegates vowed to pursue th�s route and act on the ideas is now time to stop." The most essential things have yet to presented to them.

48 International EIR July 21, 1995 ence between some of the Americans and the Europeans. Interview: Lyndon LaRouche The President of the United States <)bviously is not fo r the Labour Party operation on the continent of Europe. His top allies are Kohl, in a sense; at least, he has a specialrelation­ ship with Germany, and Kohl is the chancellor; and he's done things to try to strengthen Ko� as a figure of interna­ tional significance. He also has an �derstanding now with Defeat for Naziwing Jacques Chirac, the new President :of France, who, on a number of issues, is probably closet to the President than Kohl is. of British Toryparty The Europeans tend to think that the Labour Partyoption in Britain, is to be desired. In Germany, there are those British Prime Minister John Major won the leadership con­ who are not supporters of Kohl, wbo are behind the Red­ test in his Conservative Party on July 4, with 218 votes by Green coalition, as it's called cllI"rently in North Rhine­ Tory parliamentarians, compared to 89 votes fo r challenger Westphalia now, who want a LabouriPartybecause of Social John Redwood, and some 20 abstentions. The London Democratic considerations on the continent. Times, in an editorial the next day, characterized the vote So, it's a mess. What, in that context, is the motivation as a triumph, not fo r Major, but fo r Labour Party leader of Clinton together with Chirac, for,example, and possibly Tony Blair. "Consery!ltive MPs threw away their last best also Kohl? opportunity to win the next general election," the paper What Redwood representedwas verylittle . He's a figure wrote. "Accordingly the happiest-lookiT!g man on television of no charm, shall we say. But he dQes represent a stalking­ aft er the result was not John Major but Tony Blair. He horse for LordRees-Mogg and whatiRees-Moggrepresents . has the outcome he wanted. He can confidently expect the In other words, he represents the re$1. cave-man Nazi types governmentto stumble on now until it is fo rceq out of offi ce. " within the Conservative Party, who are, among otherthin gs, 1n an interview with Mel Klenetsky on the weekly radio anti-European. But they'rethe realtroglodyt es, the realNazi program "EIR Talks" on July 5, Lyndon LaRouche had a Party of Britain in that wing of the Conservative Party. quite different perspective: Therefore, the concern on the patltof Washington, Paris, and Bonn-Berlin, is: We don't want this bunch of Nazis to EIR: I wanted to begin with a discussion of the recent carry the Conservative Party down Ito what is going to be Conservative Party vote in England. Prime Minister John its inevitable defeat anyway; we �t to minimize in the Major, in a great deal of political difficulty, put it to his world the influence of this bunch of Nazis typified by Lord party to vote on whether he should remain the head of the Rees-Mogg, by Peregrine Worsthonte, or by the American party or not, and h� did win that vote. But a lot of people, Sp ectator and Conrad Black crowd, also behind Ambrose including the London Times, are saying that that's not the Evans-Pritchard and so forth in thel United States, behind real issue at this point. Regardless of the vote that he got, our Newt Gingriches; Newt Gingrich is an asset of these the real issue is that Tony Blair of the Labour Party is the British fascists, as is, of course, the senator from Texas, real winner. What do you think? Sen. [Phil] Gramm. LaRouche: First of all, take the easiest part about it. Tony So the point is, we don't want tbese people getting any Blair or the Labour Party probably are the real winners. power, credibility. We want to get rid of this Gingrich­ Major has won, but that means he's merely transitional, on Gramm crowd in the Republican PIUtY. If Dole takes the the same track-the defeat of the Conservative Party as a leadership of the Republican Party, 1 think I'd be a little bit whole-as he was before . more happy than to have these ot\1ler guys in there. But Now, let's look at another part of the thing, to see the essentially, we want to defeat the&eiextreme right-wingers thing in full perspective. in the coming 1996 election. Here� we don't want them It was obvious, I think, to people who followed the coming up even as an influential force from Britain into the relevant press, that both President Clinton and [Chancellor United States, or into continental Europe. Helmut] Kohl in Germany and [President Jacques] Chirac So in a sense, the Major victo(y, while it presages a in France, were among those trans-Atlantic leaders who are defeat for Major and the Conservative Party in the not­ visibly moving to strengthen Major against the forces within too-distant future, was nonetheless, ifor many of us, a rela­ the Conservative Party which Lord William Rees-Mogg tively happy event, in the sense that the extreme right wing, (Clinton's enemy, by the way), represents. Rees-Mogg is the Nazi wing of the British Consctvative Party, was put a real nasty fascist. He makes Hitler look almost like a back into a corner and is not going .0 be as influential as it country gentleman, and that's not really an exaggeration. would have been, had Major gone idown to defeat in this Now, on the European side, however, there's a differ- contest.

EIR July 21, 1995 International 49 The Rajiv Gandhi assassination: Will the truth prevail? by Susan Maitra and Ramtanu Maitra

Recent depositions given by individuals to the Justice M.e. na chief minister Om Prakash Chautala, who was also a major Jain Commission, set up almost four years ago to help investi­ money-wielding wheeler-dealel1 in the V.P. Singh, and later gate the assassination of former Indian Prime Minister Rajiv Chandrashekhar, governments. Gandhi, have finallybrought into focus the tell-tale signs of The Mahant also claimed that his 1990 visit to London a broader conspiracy behind theheinous crime. was undertaken on behalf of then-Indian Prime Minister Testifying before the Jain Commission recently, Mahant Chandrashekhar to deliver a me$sage to Chauhan. However, Seva Dass, a Sikh and president of the Shiromani Akali Dal Chandrashekhar, who was decidedly uneasy while testifying (Pheruman), dropped a bombshell when he said that he had before the Jain Commission, ca�gorically denied that he had learnt of the plan to eliminate Rajiv Gandhi before the fact sent Seva Dass to deliver a me�sage to Chauhan, though he from the London-based Khalistani leader Jagjit SinghChau­ did acknowledge that Seva Dass had supplied information han. Seva Dass said that he met Chauhan three times in about the impending assassinatipn of Rajiv Gandhi. Without London in December 1990-almostfive months before Rajiv saying it in so many words, Chandrashekhar made it clear Gandhi was assassinated by a "human bomb," allegedly that the credibility of Seva Dass Ishould be ascertained before planted by the Tamil Tigers. Seva Dass also claimed that giving his claims unwarranted weight. after the assassination had taken place, Chauhan had told him that the "human bomb" was activated through remote Gandhi's protection removed control, and he did not divulge who actually triggered the There are obvious reasons fbrChandrashekhar 's uneasi­ bomb to go off. ness in owning up. The VarmalCommission, which was set up six days afterRa jiv Gandhi was assassinated, and which Spilling the beans presented its limited findings before the Parliament almost a Seva Dass, who knew Chauhan from the days when the year later, had concluded that V.P. Singh's government, latter was the finance minister of the state of Punjab in the which took over from the ruling!Congress Party following an late 1960s, met the Khalistani leader at 64 Western Court in electoral victory, knew through December 1989 and January central London, the so-called Khalistani headquarters. And 1990 that the threat to Rajiv Gandhi and the lives of the it is there, Seva Dass claims, that he came in contact with a members of his family had not diminished, and yet, removed number of Khalistanis, Tamil Tigers, and Kashmiri mili­ the inner Special Protection Group (SPG) cover from the tants. It is here that Chauhan told Seva Dass that all plans formerprime minister. had been made to liquidate Rajiv Gandhi. Chandrashekhar, who succeeded V.P. Singh in Novem­ When Seva Dass cautioned Chauhan that such an act ber 1990, did not restore the SPG cover, and has recently would have to be paid for in blood by innocent Sikhs, Chau­ quietly admitted that it is quite likely that Rajiv Gandhi would han informed him that the actual killing would be done by not have been killed by the so-called human bomb if theSPG "people from Haryana" (a state adjacent to Punjab and cover had been kept intact. In other words, Chandrashekhar Delhi), and not by people fromPun jab. feels guilty for his failure to act while V.P. Singh and his Seva Dass claims that upon returning from London, he henchmen continue to avoid re�ponsibility for the murder. informed not only Rajiv Gandhi of the assassination plot, but This is particularly damaging in light of the repeated also a host of others, including such senior Congress Party requests made to the V.P. Singh government throughout its leaders as Ratnakar Pandey and A.R. Antulay, the present reign by P. Chidambaram, the person nominated by the Con­ Union Minister of Health. Rajiv Gandhi had pointed out to gress Party to deal with matters pertaining to Rajiv Gandhi's him in return, of the incident involving two Haryana police­ security and now a cabinet minister overseeing the Rajiv men in front of his 10 Janpath residence, Seva Dass testified. Gandhi assassination case on a request from Prime Minister The police constables had been put in place by formerHarya- Narasimha Rao. Chidambaram's plea to put back the SPG

50 International EIR July 21, 1995 cover has been amply recorded in the Varma Commission Swamy, whose links with the Israeli intelligence service report. the Mossad has been alleged before, 'Wasformerly a virulent critic of Rajiv Gandhi but had managed to sidle close to him Crooks gallery during the Chandrashekhar governmfnt's reign. Besides throwing light on the functioning of the top Unlike Chandraswamy, but veryi much like Jagjit Singh officials of the government at the time of the assassination, Chauhan, Swamy's game is to say th� unspeakable in public Mahant Seva Dass has also named a number of shady players and act most of the time like a buftPon. If Chandraswamy

who have played a major role in criminalizing (or is it likes the protection of shadow, Sub$maniam. Swamy is the globalizing?) Indian politics. Seva Dass alleged that the "purloined letter. " Indian Rasputin, Chandraswamy, who has a close relation­ ship with Tiny Rowland, a self-proclaimed British intelli­ The assassins of Indira Gandlhi gence officer and former head of Lonrho, and the Middle While there is little hope that the itruth will really prevail East gun-runner Adnan Kashoggi, whose links with Israeli in the investigation of the Rajiv GaJlldhi assassination, it is and British intelligence are widely established, had been evident that behind the assassination lurks the killers of the conspiring with former Haryana chief minister Om Prakash late Prime Minister Indira Gandhi. At that time, an EIR in­ Chautala and newspaper baron Ram Nath Goenka, now vestigating team, in the book DerivdliveAssassination, had dead, the owner of the Indian Express newspaper group . revealed the connection between Jagjit Singh Chauhiln and Goenka ran an anti-Rajiv Gandhi political campaign through Jon Speller, a Mossad agent and owner of the New York his newspaper and gave overt support to V.P. Singh, and publishing house Robert Speller and Sons, Publishers. it is widely recognized as having been a major political During an interview with Speller, iwhose good friendSen . obstacle to the reelection of Rajiv Gandhi in 1989. It is Jesse Helms (R-N.C.) is now the ohairman of the Senate Goenka who carried out a baffling and vicious attack on the Foreign Relations Committee, EIR was told by Jon Speller Gandhi governmenton the Bofors Gun issue, and his paper's himself that he was the handler of Cmtuhan and that theirjob slogan that "truth shall prevail" (referring to the Bofors gun was to establish Khalistan, a "natural" nation, by breaking deal) somehow caught the imagination of the people during up the synthetic nation of India. Speiler also spewed venom the elections. against Indira Gandhi for her role in 'fsuppressing" the "Sikh . Whatever Goenka was doing, however, was out in the nationalists. " open, or almost so. Chautala, on the other hand, now a washed-up political force, and Chandraswamy, were work­ Focus on the same people ing in the shadows. Much of Chautala' s efforts , whose greed What makes Mahant Seva Dass'$ deposition interesting, for money, land, and thuggery made him a legend in his is that it has focused on the same peoPie-Chauhan, Mossad­ lifetime, turned to waste when a vast pile of illicitly earned controlled individuals within the Indian political hierarchy, money that he had rulegedly kept locked up in a Pakistani­ British intelligence assets such as qbandraswamy, and the British intelligence-run drug bank, Bank of Credit and Com­ network around Rajmata Scindia of iGwalior, whose close­ merce International, went under. Chandraswamy, whose ness to Chandraswamy completes th4 circle neatly. connections in the Indian political scene are also legendary, It is also evident that for the Jain ¢ommission to come up is a big fish, heavily wired-up with British and Israeli intelli­ with something which is real and usefUl in understandingthe gence. His jet-setting style and rustic behavior have created nature of the beast, it must take a frish look not only at the a great deal of curiosity among some observers in this coun­ Indira Gandhi assassination but also at the event on Oct. 2, try, but his links to the top echelon of both the Congress Party 1986, on the anniversary of Gandhijirs (MahatmaGandhi 's) and the Bajratiya Janata Party (he is close to the Rajmata birthday at Rajghat. On that occasi.,n, a poorly organized Scindia of Gwalior, a royal connection to the British for the attempt was made on the life of then-Prime Minister Rajiv BJP), makes him almost untouchable, at least as of now. Gandhi. The attempt was not a seriops one; but the purpose Earlier, Election Commissioner and top-of-the-heap bu­ was to remove certain individuals from Rajiv Gandhi's prox­ reaucrat T.N. Seshan, a quixotic character with a large fol­ imity, by hurling accusations of gros� failure in carrying out lowing, had mentioned to a scribe that he was suspicious of their assigned duty, and to pave the! way for setting up the movements of one of the cabinet ministers of the Chandras­ eventual assassination. The politics

EIR July 21, 1995 International 51 sary of the signing of Venezuelan independence (the first foreign head-of-state to be accorded this honor), President Cardoso repeatedly expressed 'his support and admiration for his Venezuelan counterpart. The Venezuelan President is currently the only Ibero-American leader struggling to Venezuela-Brazil ties deal with his country's serious I economic problems outside the framework defined by the IMF. not on 's agenda Exemplary was an incident i"hich occurredduring a joint IMF press conference at the Presi4ential palace of Miraflores by David Ramonet following the signing of joint irttegration accords. A Brazil­ ian journalist asked both leadj:!rs to comment on how to reconcile the need to seek fo¢ign capital and reform the International financial elites were most unhappy with the state in the context of a globa�ized world, with the ideals initiatives taken in early July by Venezuelan President Rafael of social justice as proclaimed �y Brazil's Social Democrats Caldera and Brazilian President Fernando Henrique Cardo­ and Venezuela's Social Christians. Cardoso let Dr. Caldera so, toward strengthening a strategic alliance between their answer for the both of them: I two countries. On a small scale, such an alliance, reflected "I think that the governmehts of Brazil and Venezuela in a number of bilateral integration and development agree­ are both open to foreign investment; we want foreign invest­ ments signed by the two heads of state during Cardoso's ment. Of course, we want to encourage foreign investment July 3-6 visit to Caracas, can point the way toward genuine to come not to speculate with �he potential of the country, hemispheric integration, based on what an affirmation of but to obtain legitimate bene�s from constructive invest­ national sovereignty and the concept of social justice could ment that helps us with our eco�omic development program. accomplish for the entire continent. But we do not find any incQrnpatibility in the desire to President Caldera, who has resisted the International encourage economic activity while orienting the concerns Monetary Fund's (IMF) demand that he implement its aus­ of the State toward a social gdal." terity dictates, has selected Brazil as Venezuela's partner. President Cardoso added tl)at "there is nothing more to In mid-June, his foreign minister, Miguel Angel Burelli say, because President Calde�a has said precisely what I Rivas, told a seminar in Brazil, "We have deliberately cho­ think." sen the neighbor with whom we have always lived in peace, This view was reaffirmed ip the Declaration of Caracas with whom we can speak clearly, and [to whom] we can issued at the conclusion of th�ir meetings, a statement of show all our cards." principles guiding relations bbtween their two countries: The two-day meeting in Caracas comes at a moment "Our relations are premised oQ the firm political will of our when the majority of Ibero-America's economies are ruptur­ governments and on the detet1mination of our societies to ing under the weight of the IMF's free-market dictatorship. construct a common future of democracy, social justice, The optimistic integration agenda which the two leaders put prosperity, and growing integJiation." on the table gives a headache to the international banking elites as they struggle to maintain control over Ibero­ Toward Ibero-AmericaQ integration America, while the world economy disintegrates. Although neither leader hlts taken the critical step of breaking openly with the Interq.ational Monetary Fund, they Defying British geopolitics both expressed an awareness t�at the tendency toward glob­ This bilateral integration initiative also flies in the face alization of the economy-wi(h the elimination of national of attempts by avowed British agent Sir Henry Kissinger to sovereignty and the supremacy of the speculative financial establish a "special relationship" between his faction in the markets over national economic interests-is not the only United States and Brazil, to ensure that Brazil does not stray historic alternative of the moment, nor is it the most viable, from the British geopolitical fold. During a mid-May visit as proven by the innumerable �amings suggesting the immi­ to Brazil, Kissinger made this clear when he described the nent demise of the internationalfinancial system as currently U.S.-Brazil "specialrelationship" he had in mind as "similar constituted. to the special relationship [the U.S.] had with great Britain." The alternative to that tendency is the economic integra­ Under the guise ofestablishing a special consultative mecha­ tion of Ibero-America. This $oal, according to a June 27 nism with Brazil, Kissinger's plan is to tum this South statement by Brazilian Ambassador to Caracas Clodoaldo American giant into a gendarme of Anglo-American policy Hugueney, can be accomplished within the next ten years, for the entire continent. even before the deadline set at last year's Summit of the Fromthe firstmoment that he arrivedin Caracas, where Americas in Miami for establi�hing a hemispheric free-trade he had been invited to help commemorate the 148th anniver- zone along the lines demanded by Kissinger. According

52 International EIR July 21, 1995 to Hugueney, the "globalizing" tendency would force the nations of the regionto "freelytrade" with the most powerful Documentation economies of the world. What is required, he emphasized, is not necessarily the formation of blocs, but to tryto develop the national and regional economies to the point that they can "insert" themselves into world trade on equal terms of trade. Toward that end, the documents signed by the two heads The 'Act of Miraflores' of state outline plans to establish transportation, communica­ tions, and energy links between the two countries, especially The Jo llowing are excerpts from the "Act oj Miraflores," between Venezuela's less-developed south and Brazil's im­ issued by the Presidents oJ Venezue/rl and Brazil Jo llowing poverished northeast. "Joining efforts, we will more easily their meetings in Caracas on July 3·5. overcome the immense challenge of developing these re­ gions," states the Caracas Declaration, the "Acts of Mira­ The President of the Venezuelan Republic, Rafael Caldera, flores" (see Documentation). invited the President of the Federa1k:d Republic of Brazil Ambassador Hugueney explained to foreign press corre­ FernandoHeorique Cardoso, to conduct a state visit to Cara­ spondents on June 27 how Brazil could play an integrating cas on July 3-5, 1995. In that co�text, the two leaders role between the Andean Pact and Mercosur (Southern Cone reiterated the high .priority that their governments give to Common Market). Brazil, he suggested, could absorb the bilateral relations and their constant Strengthening. The spe­ tradedeficits of all the countrieswith which it shares borders, cial circumstanceof having the Brazilian head of state pres­ without triggering any competitive conflicts with Brazilian ent at the official commemorative oeremony of the 184th companies. anniversary of the signing of the act of independence of the Historically, the greatest obstacles to integrating the An­ Venezuelan Republic, is testimony tel) thefraternal relations dean Pact, for example, have been the difficulty in establish­ that exist between the two neighbors and friends.... . ing a framework of complementarity, since the countries of In reference to the issues of trade and hemispheric inte­ the region produce more or less the same products. As a gration, the Presidents attributed g(eat importance to the result, national business interests tend to put obstacles in efforts currently under way toward the conclusion of a free­ the path of adopting common customs policies. Brazil could trade agreement between VenezuelaIIIDd Mercosur [Southern break that vicious cycle because of the sheer magnitude of Cone Common Market] , and reaffirtned the determination its own economy, as well as its quality and variety, and of their governments to assure suc¢ess for the respective thus could successfully complement the economies of its negotiations ....At the same time, they stressed the com­ neighbors with favorable terms of trade. Brazil could mean­ mon goal of a broader economic areal in the South American while meet its own commercial balance with trade outside region, through the formation of a firee-trade zone between the region. the Andean Pact and Mercosur, an indispensable step to advance the process of regional, Latin American, and hemi­ Oil integration spheric integration. . . . Both governments consider as a fundamental aspect of The heads of state stressed the central role of the physical their relationshipthe role their respectivestate oil companies integration of their two countries, an essential condition must play. The Protocol of Intent signed by Joel Mendes for the strengthening of cooperatioQ and trade, especially Renno, president of Brazil's state-owned oil firm,Petrobr as, between the border regions. In this sense, they emphasized and by Luis Giusti, president of Petr61eos de Venezuela the significanceof having concludedlthe paving of highway (PDVSA), establishes the basis for both companies to form BR-17 4 in a stretch running from Caracarafto the border site a strategic association, Petroamerica, without sacrificingei­ BV-S, which represents the firstpav,d highway connection ther national company. between the capital of a Brazilian state, Boa Vista, and Already under negotiation is a plan to install a refinery Venezuela. The paving of the same highway in the Cara­ in one of Brazil's northern states, and the participation of caraf-Manaus stretch, declared of topic oncern for the Brazil­ Petrobras-as soon as the Brazilian Senate approves it-in ian government, will give even gre.ter importance to this oil exploration activities inside Venezuela. roadway, in the context of the integration of northern Brazil Such an integration of efforts comes at a critical moment with southern Venezuela. . . . of debate over Venezuelan oil policy. For example, the Vene­ Both Presidents stressed the complementarity that exists zuelan Congress approved on July 4 a bill through which the between southernVenezuela and northernBrazil in the area private sector-both national and foreign-would be al­ of energy. In that context, they consic!Ieredof utmost interest lowed to participate in exploration, drilling, and exploitation, the Guri-Boa Vista-Manaus electricity grid project, which activities traditionally reservedto the state alone. continues to be an object of close ex�nation between the

EIR July 21, 1995 International 53 two governments. The President of Brazil expressed his ! appreciation for the efforts deployed by the government of Interview: Maximilian� Londono Penilla Venezuela and EDELCA (Caroni Electrification Agency), in the preparation of an offer already presented to their Brazilian counterpart. The leader of Brazil informed his Venezuelan homologue that technical studies in Brazil on electrical interconnection are in their final phase. The two Colombia must change Presidents hope that the project can be concretized as soon as possible. its legalfr aIIlework Both Presidents expressed their satisfaction with the fact that, as one of the results of the strengtheningof Venezuelan­ During a brief visit to the Uni'ed States, the leader of the Brazilian relations, the supply of Venezuelan oil and deriva­ Ibero-American Solidarity MOllement (MSIA) in Colombia tives to Brazil has notably increased. In this sense, they was interviewed July 7 by Marianna Wertz. expressed optimism for the favorable perspectiveof coopera­ tion between Petr61eos de Brasil and Petr61eos Brasilenos, EIR: I would like your assessment of the situation in Colom­ throughjoint investigations and associations for the develop­ bia following the arrests of Cali drugcartel leaders, including ment of specific projects in areas of common interest. They how you think this has affected the Ernesto Samper Pizano stressed in this regard the possibility that Petrobras might regime, and where you think this will go with respect to participate in the exploitation of crude oil in Venezuela, and cleaning out the drug apparatus in Colombia? PDVSA would invest in Brazil in the area of refining. To­ Londono: The situation is veryhopeful for Colombia in the ward the promotion of these projects, the Presidents of sense that President Samper is ''Caught between a rock and a PDVSA and Petrobras signed a Protocol of Intentions in hard place." That is to say, the pr¢ssureswhich come bothfrom the presence of the mines and energy ministers of the two abroad,coming from the Clinton administration, aswell as from countries. the great majority of Colombians who wish to rid ourselvesof The two leaders welcomed initiatives posed in the area the scourge of drugs, has created an environment in which the of cooperation in mining and steel production, such as the government has intervened to succeed in putting some of the use of the Orinoco IndustrialPark of CVG-SIDOR, to invest bosses of the Cali Cartel behind bars. This is a victory. The in the Brazilian private sector, and the services of an industri­ fact that GilbertoRodriguez Ore juela, SantaCruz Londono, and al port in the area; the exploitation of Brazilian experience others have turnedthemselves iJllunder the pressure of search in the design, engineering, and construction of railway trans­ and seal operations, has led to: the result that they are now port, as well as in deep-water ports for the handling of bulk under the control of the justice system. minerals and large-capacity shipping. These possibilities for The problem we have noW!is a juridical problem. The cooperation also include the development of binational proj­ institutional and legal framewotk, the very penalcode itself, ects between the Corporaci6n Venezolana de Guayana, does not allow them to have severe punishments. That means CVG, and the Compania Vale Do Rio Doce, CVRD, of that the penal code was actually made by the narcotics traf­ Brazil, for the exploration and exploitation of minerals in fickers, through their lawyers, when during the previous a sustainable way. . . . Gaviria administration, a poli4y was put through which is President Fernando Henrique Cardoso expressed his sat­ now called "the SUbjugation 01 justice." It was a deal with isfaction to President Rafael Caldera for the offer of coopera­ the drug lords in which, in order to get them to surrender, the tion on Venezuela's part for the formation of youth orches­ minimum sentence is four yeiU"S and the maximum is 12 tras in Brazil, based on the successful Venezuelan years. In the case of multiple �ffenders it can increase to a experience in this field.... maximum sentence of 24 years; Now, on top of that, a series President FernandoHenrique Cardoso told President Ra­ of options is opened up. If you tum yourself in voluntarily, fael Caldera of his government's decision to join the Andean they lower the sentence by o�-sixth or four years. If you Development Corporation (CAF), an initiative that repre­ cooperatewith justice, then the� take away one-third of what sents one more element in the strengthening of integration remains. If you also plead guilty, they lower the sentence by links among the countries of the region .... another sixth. If, moreover, you have good behavior and In evaluating the activities that have been undertaken in study, then you won't have to serve your whole sentence, the context of the Amazon Cooperation Treaty, the Presi­ but for every two days in jail tlbey take one day away. And dents spoke of the Brazilian proposal to create a Permanent so in these conditions, the mO$t that these top crime bosses Secretariat headquartered in Brasilia, for the purpose of will serve in jail will be eight years. This is unacceptable giving the Treaty an institutional structure more adequate from the standpoint of the nati�nal interest of Colombia and to the needs of the two countries . . . to achieve the harmonic from the internationalcommunity 's standpoint. and sustainable development of the Amazon region .... This is the dilemma we face now: how to change this

54 International EIR July 21, 1995 legal framework, because not even the 1991 Constitution said that the central bank's sole function cannot be control­ works, because the drug lords also intervened into that and ling or reducing inflation, because there is also the need to eliminated extradition. The great challenge for President increase employment and favor the growth of the economy. Samper is how to change this penal code. It is important to note that in his Ninth Forecast, Lyndon LaRouche discussed the need to reform this whole system of EIR: Your own security and that of your family has been central banks and to put them into bankruptcyreorganization threatened by the terrorists and drug traffickers. Can you tell and to set up a system for supplying long-term credit. me what measures have been taken to get the governmentto LaRouche's forecast circulated widely in Colombia in ruling protect your right to organize and the right of your party to circles and in various sectors of the population. carry out electoral activity? So it is very interesting thatthe Samper governmenthas Londono: Well, we have had some threats in the last weeks, faced reality too, and there is now a debate on what other at the rate of about one a week, including a book of funeral alternatives present themselves fot implementation, and condolences that was sent me, various telephone calls threat­ LaRouche's is the only viable one being offered for a nation ening that they are going to "make ground meat" out of me, to move forward. The Samper government has found itself or saying, "Tell him to shut up. Or doesn't he care about his in a situation where it had to wage a war on drugs, which no wife and children?" And this came in a context in which one imagined it could ever do, becJluse Samper had cam­ various of our associates have been assaulted, there have paigned for legalization of drugs. No one would have thought been burglaries of homes, and a failed attempt to break into that the Samper government would fightthe Cali Cartel, and our office. We consider this as part of a pattern intended to yet this is happening. Likewise, in the economic domain they shut us up. We have asked that the government respond are facing the need to abandon orthodoxy, i.e., the neo­ appropriately with instructions to its security agencies and liberal model, and to look for an alternative to allow the we hope that this will occur. Because it is also beneficial to economy to grow and develop. In Ithis sense LaRouche's the country that we be able to freely express the defense of activity is key, because his programrhatic proposals contrib­ moral values, and the values that Colombia needs. So we ute to having different options. hope that President Samper will attend to our petition to ensure the protection that will enable us to carry out our work in freedom. BOGOTA-At a press conference on June 29 at the ElK: The finance minister of Colombia recently made a officesof the economic think-tank:Fededesarrollo, Co­ statement [see box] which seems to reflect the influence of lombian Finance Minister Guillermo Perry charged Lyndon LaRouche's repeated calls for a debt moratorium and that the total autonomy granted tCD the central bank is a return to a development policy. Do you see this having its a violation of the 1991 National Constitution, which impact in Colombia? obliges the state "to guarantee eiConomic and social Londono: The state of affairs , as LaRouche has empha­ rights to all Colombians, such as the right to work. Is sized, is that the financial and monetary system is bankrupt, it that the Bank, despite being an integral partof the and this is bankrupting countries, and Colombia is obviously State, is not subject to those constitutional mandates?" no exception. The opening up of the country to free trade Perry criticized the law which !regulatesthe central over the last four years has bankrupted all the economic bank by establishing as the bank's sole objective the activities of the country. The textile sector has practically adoption of "specific inflation goals that must always disappeared, along with clothing, steel, leather, plastics, be less than the previous results achieved." This, said wood products. Agriculture is wiped out-we now import Perry, means ignoring such important economic fac­ food , which is absurd. This is the result of the systematic tors as recession, jobs, and ecqnomic growth. He application of the prescriptions of the InternationalMonetary charged that his predecessor Rudolf Hommes nearly Fund, an institution which is itself bankrupt. So in the face drove Colombia into "a Mexico-style crisis" through a of this, the Samper government has found itself having to policy of "revaluation, short-tenn foreign indebted­ try to offer something to these sectors that are demanding ness, and excessive public expenditures." abundant credit, who want technology, but at the same time President Samper has announ¢ed that he will sub­ the Constitution established a centralbank which is the fourth mit a bill to Congress, to reform the law regulating branch of power, or rather, it is a foreign body in thecountry , central bank activity. The Colombian President said, and no one controls it. It makes the credit and monetary and "It is not possible that the only matter for the central exchange policies. Any government that wanted to start to bank and government to discuss i$ reducing inflation, generate the credit to create wealth does not have the legal because this is not the only variable in the economy. power to do it. The country needs to grow, generatejo bs, and export. " It in this context that Finance Minister Guillermo Perry

ElK July 21, 1995 International 55 i New proof that Italian industrialist Enrico Mattei was murdered:

by Claudio Celani

New evidence in the hands of State prosecutors in Pavia not only the executors, but aliso the highest levels which demonstrates that Enrico Mattei, leader of Italy's postwar decided on Mattei's assassinatipn. Fulvio Bellini, ajoumalist industrial reconstruction, was deliberately killed by a bomb who conducted the first publisl1ed investigation into Mattei's which blew up his plane on Oct. 27, 1962. Mattei was already murder, has told EIR that �th his work and Lyndon a legendary figure, known throughout the world for his fight LaRouche's analysis of the M�ttei case are in Calia's hands. against the London-centered oil marketing cartel and for his A public debate has been touched off by Calia's move, anti-colonial policy. When he died, the world knew that he which could be of utmost benefit to Italy if it focuses on who had been assassinated, but the official version of the investi­ had interest in killing Mattei apd what Mattei's policy was. gation into his death credited it to an "accident." Despite the fact that Italy ow�s its postwar reconstruction Last June 22, Pavia prosecutor Vincenzo Calia an­ and "economic miracle" almo$ entirely to Mattei's policies, nounced that his officehad conclusive proof contradictingthe since his death such policies ijave been progressively aban­ "accident" version, and ordered the exhumation of Mattei's doned and are now being reversed. The most significant as­ body, which is now under examination by experts in Turin. pectof this reversal is the plann� privatization of the national The decision was made after a new examination of some oil company ENI, which Manei founded, along with the pieces of Mattei's plane demonstrated the presence of ex­ rest of the State-controlled ind�strial corporations, a scheme plosive. which was worked out betwe¢n British representatives and "We had conclusive evidence that Enrico was killed," Italian financial and political figures, on Queen Elizabeth's Mattei's nephew Angelo declared to a newspaper, "on Dec. yacht Britannia when it was anchored off the Italian coast 9, 1962, when private experts told us that they found traces near Rome on June 2, 1992. I of explosive on the plane relics." A colonel from the Italian EIR 's role in promoting awareness of the conspiracy that secret service, Brizzi, had saved a piece of the crashed air­ started with the assassination pf Mattei and continued with plane and delivered it to the family. That piece of evidence the economic demolition of the country is reflected, among was delivered a little over two years ago to Pavia prosecutors other things, in an article whith appeared on June 26 in the by Raffaele Morini, a former member of Mattei's resistance Italian daily L' Unita. Commenting on Mattei's last trip to army and representative of his family circles. Mattei's neph­ Sicily,· where probably his plabe was sabotaged, author Gio­ ew Angelo recently reported to the press that they have waited vanni LaccabO writes: "The p�sence, if confirmed, in Sicily for more than 30 years to produce the evidence because his of Calogero Minacori, a.k.a. Carlos Marcello, the powerful father Italo and his uncle Umberto, Enrico's brothers, feared mafia boss in New Orleans, wpuld allow one to go back, by for the lives of their families. opening new horizons, to the �onspiratorial group linked to Shortly after having delivered the evidence, Morini par­ organized crime. According ito the Executive Intelligence ticipated in a conference organized by EIR in Milan, where Review, those strange pieces iof American 'parallel intelli­ he informed the audience about the existence of the new gence' were, at the time, strategically conditioned by the evidence. In that conference, Mattei's brother Umberto also British secret service." participated, along with ENI Chemicals manager Marcello I Colitti and Prof. Nico Perrone, who both started their careers The Permindex connectlion at ENI under Mattei. Helga Zepp-LaRouche, one of the The "parallel intelligence" is the organization called Per­ speakers, issued a call to Italian authorities, undersigned by mindex (Permanent IndustrialtExposition) and its subsidiary all participants, to reopenthe investigation of Mattei 's death. Centro Mondiale Commerci�e in Rome. This organization (Ample selections from the proceedings of that conference comes up both in New OrleaI1S District Attorney Jim Garri­ appeared in English as the cover feature of the June 11, 1993 son's investigation into Kennedy's assassination and in the issue of EIR , translated fromthe Italian by Nora Hamerman.) Mattei case. As EIR readers lrnow, the head of Permindex Sources who know Prosecutor Calia report that he is was Maj. Louis Mortimer Blobmfield, who was also adviser determined to go ahead with the investigation and find out to FBI director J. Edgar Hoover.

56 International EIR July 21, 1995 Both in Kennedy's and Mattei's assassination, as well as the deal. in the failed attempts against Charles de Gaulle, the Permin­ Mattei was coming close to a breakthrough in his strategy dex apparatus acted under orders from London. Although when, in 1962, Algeria obtained its independence. Both Kennedy had previously supported the oil cartel policy Mattei and Kennedy had supported the independencemove­ against Mattei, there is reason to believe that in 1962 the ment. ENI had generously financedthe independence forces. American President was ready to favor the Italian leader, who Although in the Evian peace treaty i (1962) the French oil was planning to meet him in Washington. Mattei's nephew company (the "seventh sister") was : explicitly named as a Angelo has stated that the meeting was scheduled for Nov. preferential partner for the exploitation of Algeria's oil, the 4: "ltalo Pietra, editor of Il Giorno (ENI's daily newspaper) new situation was very favorable to Mattei. France, in fact, and friend of my uncle, knew about it. There are tapes which had broken dramatically with its coronial past, and Mattei demonstrate it. And the secret services knew about it. My was already working to involve de Gaulle's France, together uncle was killed to prevent the agreement with Kennedy." with Adenauer's Germany, in a project to bring oil directly Mattei had fought to break the colonial system imposed from Africaand the Mideast, through pipelines built by ENI, by the oil cartel, composed of what he called the "Seven to Italy and centralEuro pe. Algeria was at the time believed Sisters." Such a system was based on absolute monopoly of to have the largest unexploited oil fields and, had Mattei oil exploration, drilling, and refineries, and a concession of entered a deal with de Gaulle, the oil cartel monopoly would a 50% royalty on revenues to "oil producing" countries, who have been definitelybrok en. were excluded from the production process. With Mattei, a Today, Mattei's enemies are dire¢ting the process of pri­ new revolutionary formula was introduced (called the vatization of the Italian State and economy. In order to do "Mattei formula"): The royaltiesfor ENI are reduced to 25%; so, they have completed a process of slander which started exploration is conducted for free; in case oil is found, costs by characterizing Mattei as the initiator of political corrup­ are refundedby the owner country;oil is exploited by ajoint­ tion. A book was recently published by Piero Ottone, a for­ venture composed of ENI and a local company owned by the mer editor of Corriere della Sera, wqich describesMattei as State, which uses technology provided by the Italians and a "fascist," despite the fact that Matt�i was the leader of the local manpower trained by ENI. Mattei's firstdeal with this Catholic partisan army against Muss()lini! Ottone is a board revolutionary formula was struck withIran in 1957, involv­ member of La Repubblica, a liberal newspaper owned by ing a minor oil field. When a similar deal was struck that Count Carlo Caracciolo, son of the Prjnce Tommaso Caracci­ same year with Libya, the oil cartel mobilized all its forces olo mentioned by Bellini in his interview. PrinceCaracciolo and the Libyan King Idris, under pressure from the U.S. was a British Special OperationsExecutive agent, knownby State Department, dismissed the government and cancelled the codename of "Commander Thompson."

he had contacted Palermoprosecutor Dr. Giacomo Conte. Morini: High stakes in Although Morini does not say so, on� has the impression that things were not taken seriously! in Palermo. Then, the Mattei investigation Morini went on, the pieces of Mattei's airplane, which he had kept, "were given in June 1994 �o the Forensic Unit Raffaele Morini is chairman of the Volunteers of Freedom of the Pavia court, for those examinations which were Association in Pavia, Italy. During the liberation war supposed to have been done in 1962. l' against Fascism, he was the youngest member of the Vol­ As to who Mattei's enemies were, Morini said: unteers of Freedom Corps, whose vice-commander gener­ "Against Mattei therewere tyrants, fascists, those who had al was Enrico Mattei. Recently, Morini caused the official not yet understood the advantages offered by freedom and investigation on Mattei's death in 1962 to be reopenedby social peace . . . those who wanted to keep dominating the Pavia prosecutors. international diplomacy (and arrogance) and promoted In an interview with EIR's correspondent in Milan, destabilization, through intrigues and terrorist acts." On Claudio Ciccanti, Morini explained: "On Oct. 14, 1992, the connections among the assassinations of Mattei, John I went to the Pavia court and obtained copies of two inves­ Kennedy, and Aldo Moro, Morini s�id: "It could be that tigations opened and then closed by prosecutors. Some­ the same mind desired their suppres�ion, the same hands body heard me shout, 'This is a shame, we will force the enrolled the terrorists. Mattei's assas$ination could be the investigation to be reopened and this time they will go all thread that unravels all [these] unpunished crimes; that is the way.' I asked for the name of a ballistics expert to why the prosecutors will make an all-Quteffort. The stakes examine some remains." Morini reported that previously are high, firstof all for the image of Justice."

EIR July 21, 1995 International 57 EIR: Was this what convinced him of the assassination of Interview: Fulvio Bellini Mattei? Bellini: If I had any doubts, Ronchi's behavior dissolved them. But then there was also the disappearanceof the black box. At the time the airplane ftll, it was raining pitchforks, ' The Mattei killing: it was eight 0 clock at night, and tens, hundreds ofcarabinieri [military police] rushed in searching for the black box. Van­ profile of a coverup ished. EIR: What happened to the journalist who interviewed Fulvio Bellini is the author of a book, The Assassination of Ronchi? Mattei, published in 1971 . His testimony was recently heard Bellini: He played possum. He did not have the courage to by the state prosecutor of Pavia, who has reopened the in­ either confirm or deny, so he did the old middle-of-the-road quest into Mattei's death. He was interviewed on July 3 by routine. For me, to hook up with Di Bella was very difficult, Claudio Celanifor EIR. he did not want to be caught lip with. Then he became the editor of Corriere. And his name was found on the list of EIR: Dr. Bellini, were you the firstto raise the assassination the P-2 [Propaganda 2, the illegal masonic lodge exposed in hypothesis, with your book? 198O--ed. ] . I think that for his career, his attitudein the Mattei Bellini: To tell the truth, I did it first in a series of articles case played in his favor. He went into the shade knowing that which came out at the end of 1963, in a review which only he had really done it, by unmasking a huge internationalplot. published for a short time, called 11 Secolo XX. The account ! of that affair came out in the very firstissue . The book, a few EIR: .The hit on Mattei's planet was set upin Sicily. Is it true years later, simply summarized the contents of the article, that the president of ENI was !not supposed to go to Sicily which came out in two installments. Then there was a coda and that he was called in an eml!rgency? of polemics, which recounted what has become a common­ Bellini: Yes. The background lof that trip was recounted for place, that is, the clash between Mattei andthe Seven Sisters, the firsttime in an interview that was written by three people: their attempt to neutralize Mattei, the reasons why at a certain myself, Enrico's brother ltald, and the journalist from 11 point their viewpoint was imposed, i.e., eliminate him from Messagero, Salvatore D' Agata, in 1972. Three days before the scene. These articles are now on the desk of the Pavia the departure for Sicily, Italo found out from Enrico that he prosecutor. did not want to go, because he. had an awful lot of commit­ ments. He had been there the previous month and had said to EIR: What elements did the articles contain which are useful his collaborators: Don't bother me any more because I won't for the investigation? be back for a few months. Instead, they insisted on his return. Bellini: The articlereferred to a central figurein the inquest, A few days ago Italo' s son (Italo meanwhile had died) the one who said before things cooled down, on the night of Angelo told the newspapers that it was [then-Prime Minister Oct. 27, that he saw the plane blow up in the sky. His name Amintore] Fanfani who called Mattei to Sicily. But that is was Mario Ronchi and he was the owner of the farm in the not so. I can attest to it becaus� I was seeing Italo on a daily area where the plane exploded. The reporter from Corriere basis and if it had been Fanfani he would have told me. In della Sera, Franco Di Bella, hurried straight from him to reality, in Sicily they delibera�ly made attacks on the Gela write a report in which he quoted verbatim from Mario Ron­ airport, which was ENI's airpOrt, in such a way as to give chi, putting his words in quotation marks. Truths in Italy some people arguments for c.lling Mattei back to Sicily. come out this way, when there is not yet an interested party Probably Verzotto made the phone call. who intervenes to smother the story. EIR: Who was Verzotto? EIR: Is this witness still alive? Bellini: Verzotto was the regional secretary of the DC Bellini: I do not know. But his testimonyis in Co"iere. When [Christian Democracy], and a tlrusted AGIP [Italian State oil I read Di Bella's news story I took it to be true. Two or three company] man. He is the person who entices Mattei to Sicily, months later, when we decided to make an inquiry, I went to and he is also the one who acts in the case of Mauro De talkwith Ronchi, thinkingthat he would confirm,but he denied Mauro, the Sicilian journalistwho probed the death of Mattei everything. He went so faras to tell me that he was not even at and disappeared without a tract. the site. Then I realized hehad been bought off. Even his niece De Mauro was the Siciliam correspondent of 11 Giorno reportedthat froma poorfarmer, Ronchi had suddenlybecome and of the Italia press agency, both of which belonged to rich, rich enough to loan money. And the statements by ENI, and he wrote the news story on the last day of Mattei's Ronchi's niece are on the desk of the Pavia prosecutor. life. De Mauro records the speech made by Mattei from the

58 International EIR July 21, 1995 balcony, which is seen in the Rosi film, and he reproduces it Act provisions]. At a certain point th¢ obstacle seemedto be in the correspondencein the next day's II Giorno. De Mauro Mattei. The U.S. State Department imposed the condition goes home, he writes the article, and puts the tape into the that Mattei be gotten out of the way, that is, that he stop archive. financing the Socialist Party. But as long as Mattei was alive, When Rosi puts him in charge of making the investigation that was impossible. for the film, De Mauro, who had read my book, sits down to The obstacle is overcome when Mattei is not there any listen again to the tape and he begins to give importance to more and the American emissary, Philip Anfuso (ex-con­ Mattei's words: "I was not supposed to be here today, but as gressman and at the time a member of the New York State I see your welcome I am happy." These are Mattei's words . Supreme Court) comes to Italy in 1963. Anfuso is the one De Mauro puts things together and goes back to Verzotto who, together with Scamporino, when he disembarked in himself! Verzotto loses his head and thinks that De Mauro Italy with the American troops [during World War TI], he knew too much. In reality he did not know anything. He only went to free the 700 mafiosi whom Mussolini had confined knew one thing: He was convinced that there had been a plot to the island of Vespignana. and he had this tape in his hands. The mafia boss Di Cristina Anfuso had established relations with the ChristianDem­ had said that if he had been Sicilian, Verzotto would not ocratic leaders, including Moro, during the liberation. have lost his head. Instead he was a Venetian, and reacted In January 1963, Philip Anfuso. from Rome, sends to impulsively. Washington the letter, now declassified, which gives the OK for the government with the Socialists. But what had EIR: For whom was Verzotto acting? happenedtwo months earlier? The death of Mattei. Bellini: To understand it you have to examine the political complicities. In my book I refer to the trip which Fanfani EIR: We have seen who was moving "on the ground" in made , when he had been elected prime minister right after the operation to eliminate Mattei. But -who was giving the the election of Kennedy in the United States, in the spring of orders? 1961. I based myself on the New York Times account which, Bellini: It was an interlocking set of interests. The Seven in my view, told the truth. Kennedy began to ask Fanfani Sisters , who had attempted to make Mattei change policy. questions about ENI: What is it, is it a State entity, who They offered him the world on a silver platter. AverellHarri­ names the directors, how is it possible that ENI's policies man, in May 1962, during a meeting on his yacht at Monte don't coincide with those of the government, and so forth . Carlo, made him a proposal: You can have everything, but Fanfani was hard put to have to explain that there was a man you have to become like the French company, which shares in Italy, Mattei, who instead of having his policy dictated by in the profits, and is building itself up, but you have to stop the government, dictated it himself! In that very period the throwing spanners in the spokes with deals like the one with negotiations between ENI and the Soviet Union were under the Libyans · (Mattei had offered them a division of profits way, through which Mattei was buying oil at half the price 75%-25% instead of the 50-50 practiced by the cartel). At established by the oil cartel. that time it was believed that the largest petroleum reserves

Then there is the problem of the center-left. Moro , who were in Algeria, and not in Libya. i It was thought that if was the DC party secretary, had tried to form a government Mattei had put together the oil that he might find in Sinai supported by the fascists, the Tambroni government, but (not much) and what he could find in Algeria (a lot, it was without success. He was then forced to support Fanfani's believed), he could have reached the 70-80 million tons attempt to make an alliance with the Socialists. Very strong which, according to the laws of cost margins, would have opposition came from the United States, fed by the State thrown oil prices into crisis. Department which regarded the Socialists as the same as the Mattei said "no" to Harriman's offer. Communists. Moro had his contacts in the Kennedy circles, especially with [Arthur] Schlesinger, and he tried to convince EIR: One year after the assassination of Mattei, Kennedy them that [Socialist Party head Pietro] Nenni was somebody was killed. Are these two events linked? who took money from everybody, he had taken it fromMus­ Bellini: Let's state how things have gone: The work of in­ solini, from the French services, and ...from Mattei. Natu­ vestigating the death of Mattei in Italy, I did 90%of it myself. rally he also took money from Russia, but all it would take The work on the international connections was done by would be for the Americans to replace the Russians and it LaRouche. Something got through to [New Orleans D.A. was a done deal. Jim] Garrison who hints at it in his book. Via Clay Shaw, This clash between Moro and the State Department and Garrison arrives at Montreal, to Permindex. LaRouche's inside the American ruling group on whether or not to support analysis of Permindex is precise. It has to do with both the the Socialists getting close to power in Italy lasted two years. Kennedy and Mattei assassinations, as well as the failed It is all documented by the official proceedings which can be assassination of de Gaulle. LaRouche located very well what consulted through the FOIA [U.S. Freedom of Information was the internationalorganization which could set operations

EIR July 21, 1995 International 59 of this type into motion. It was hardly easy to kill a President interests, without becoming chauvinists. of the United States, or a de Gaulle. Or the president of ENI, Mattei used to say: My country is in bad shape. I want for that matter. to improve it. He had a patriOtic spirit which is extremely dangerous in Italy: The least it costs you, is obstructionism. EIR: How does Permindex enter into the Mattei case? Bellini: Through David Ferrie, the ex-priest and pederast, EIR: Improving Italy for Mattei meant developing the and through Carlos Marcello. The thing which is certain is South, am I right? that the operative group was made up of Sicilian-Americans Bellini: Of course. The backward South was a ball and from New Orleans, transported into Sicily on Ferrie's air­ chain. He saw the South as a mission. And he had observed plane. The basic research into this story was done by Garrison one thing: that with certainmetho ds, certainthings could get and LaRouche. done. Today there is no investment in the South because of In the Mattei affair in Italy both the internal policy, and the fear of the Mafia which demands kickbacks. This south­ that of the U. S. State Department, and the specific interests ern, Bourbon mentality, some say is in people's DNA and of the Seven Sisters had a hand. Together, they brought about cannot be cured. Mattei did not believe in this theory. He his death. was a perfectionist and said: By adopting the right measures and changing the system, even the South can become civi­ EIR: Some witnesses, including his nephew Angelo, report lized. that Mattei was supposed to meet Kennedy one week after In his famous speech at Gagliano, he said this in fact: "I the attack. Do you think so? And what meaning would that am happy to be here and I wantto tell you that the methane meeting have? that will be found in Sicily will not be transported to the Bellini: It is possible that Mattei wanted to meet Kennedy continent but will be used here, with Sicilian labor power but not, as some people have stated, because he had already and Sicilian technicians." Tl).at was the beginning of true given in to the Seven Sisters and decided to capitulate. Mattei industrialization. was a nationalist, a patriot, and he was neither anti-American nor anti-Soviet. So he had nothing against a deal with the EIR: Did you meet Mattei? United States. Bellini: Yes, I first encountered him on May 5, 1945 , at But atthe same time, I believe that Mattei did not under­ a meeting of the economic department of the CLNAI, the ' stand completely what type of interests he had defied. Per­ Committee for the Liberation of Upper Italy, presided over haps he thought that an accord could be worked out, an by Cesare Merzagora, who was to become president of Assi­ accommodation, even with the Seven Sisters, but this would curazioni Generali and president of the Italian Senate. The never have been possible because the cartel policy would war in Italy had ended on April 25. At that meeting the have been defeated. And the brains behind this cartel are in "booty" was distributed, that tis, the positions. I was named England, as LaRouche has stated correctly. But Mattei was vice-commissioner of Alfa Romeo. There was also Mattei, not aware of that. He was a self-made man, self-taught, and who was named commissioner of AGIP, a company in the some things he did not understand. process of being liquidated wbich nobodywanted (there was also the future brother-in-law �f Gianni Agnelli, PrinceCar­ EIR: And yet Mattei in 1956 showed that he understood acciolo, consul in Lugano, who, you should take note, was very well the nature of the conflict over Suez between the named president of ACI, the Italian Automobile Club). United States on the one hand and the Franco-British colonial Mattei was an honest man. You could see his honesty in duo on the other, so much so that he convinced President his face. I asked: Who is that guy? A member of the DC, I Gronchi, who was one of his men, to offer Eisenhower a was told. He struckme right alwaybecause he had something "preferential axis" with Italy on an anti-colonial ar­ charismatic about him. rangement. Then I saw him again several times. I will go further: In Bellini: I never went deeply into that episode. But if we my own way I helpedhim . WhenI found out about theinterro­ want to describe Mattei from the ideological standpoint, it is gation of Soustelle, the head of the OAS, I contacted an offi­ not possible. Italy is the country of communists who are not cial of the carabinieri, one Cri�tina, who had access to Enrico communists and Christians who are not Christians. When I Mattei's brother Umberto, to put him on his guard. When was young I always committed an error: I confused the adjec­ Umberto saw Cristina again, he told him: "Enrico thanks his tive with the noun: AndI found out that the Turin communist friends in Milan, but he cannot do anything becausehe would was the polar opposite of the Naples communist. Mattei was have to shut himself up in a bunker and stop traveling." In­ fundamentally an Italian nationalist, a patriot. Until we stead, Mattei had to travelconstantly and sabotage was possi­ reach-and I hope it never happens--one-world govern­ ble. So I believe the Christian Democratic deputy who re­ ment, it is logical that an Italian will act in the interestof his cently released an interview recounting that Mattei had own country, just as the others will act in their countries' indicated to him, "I am condtlrnned, I have to die."

60 International EIR July 2 1 , 1995 Andean Report by JavierAlamario

Military 1, Samper 0 randum became public, opinion was President Samper was fo rced to take a step backward in his plot uniformly in the military's favor. Re­ to dismantle the Colombian Armed Forces. tired military officers, newspaper edi­ torials, and the man on the street were all vocal in Bedoya's defense. People even called in to . radio shows to de­ mand that Bedoya "retire from the he publication of an internalmem­ shot-to recover a zone which until Army, but not from La Uribe." Others orandumT written by Colombian Army four years ago had been its permanent said that instead of "demilitarizing" Commander Gen. Harold Bedoya Pi­ center of operations. La Uribe, what was needed was to zarro , a leak designed to cause Be­ Bedoya's memorandum, express­ "de-guerrillize" it. doya's expulsion from the Armed ing the general opinion of the Armed Defense Minister Botero Zea was Forces, has evolved into a heated con­ Forces, stated that any order to demili­ obliged to hurriedly return from a va­ frontation between those who seek the tarize La Uribe would have to be given cation in Italy to �meet with the divi­ country's demilitarization, and those in precise written form to avoid confu­ sion generals and with President who seek to deploy the nation's de" sion; that in the case of demilitarizing Samper. After the meeting, Botero fense forces against its narco-terrorist La Uribe, the security of the troops in held a press conference at which he enemies. The conclusion to be drawn the area would necessitate giving the announced that peace negotiations in from that confrontation, is that the ma­ Army access to an area much larger La Uribe would only be held if the jority of Colombians still stand behind than the county seat Samper would terrorists suspended their violent ac­ their military institution. allow them; and that in the "hypotheti­ tivities (they have been carrying out On July 3, the magazine Semana, cal" case that the demilitarization or­ one to two assalillts on towns each owned by the family of former presi­ der was given, the Armed Forces day). The press was quick to note that dent Alfonso Lopez Michelsen, pub­ would be obliged to obey, but would Samper had initially offered to hold lished General Bedoya's memoran­ not be responsible for the conse­ the talks even "in themidst of bullets. " dum, written to his immediate quences of such an order. Botero also stressed that in the event superior, Armed Forces Commander "Military regulations," states the the negotiations came off, "a large Gen. Camilo Zuniga. Semana chose memorandum, "are directedprimarily section of La Uribe" would be to present the leaked memorandum as toward defense of values, without cleared, but not the entire region as a virtual coup d'etat against the gov­ which the Public Force loses its effec­ originally promised. ernmentof ErnestoSa mper, provoked tiveness: discipline, honor, confi­ The question , that emerges after by the military 's opposition to Samp­ dence in its leadership, and, therefore , the incident of the memorandum is: If er's "peace" policy. any order that in any way undermines the negotiations with the guerrillas are On June 23, Defense Minister Fer­ those principles would clash with the so unpopular, why is Samper insisting nando Botero Zea, Interior Minister legal prescriptions binding it." The on following through to the bitter end, Horacio Serpa Uribe, and peace com­ memorandum has been interpreted to despite the fact that everyone knows missioner Carlos Holmes Trujillo had mean that the military would consider the guerrillas are the best organized of given the press an open letter to the the order to demilitarize LaUribe both all the drug cartels? The answer lies FARC narco-guerrillas, in which the illegal and unconstitutional. with those who seek to use the narco­ government reiterated its promise to Samper's response was furious. guerrillas as a mechanism to destroy demilitarize the entire rural zone of La ''I'm in charge here !" he told the mili­ the Colombian Armed Forces, and to Uribe, in the department of Meta some tary on the occasion of a visit to the impose U.N. supI1anational rule. 100 km southeast of the Colombian Naval School of Cartagena. But, in The second question is: why the capital of Bogota. That action was de­ the face of widespread anarchy in the Clinton administration, which has manded by the F ARC and its National country due to the unprecedented lev­ properly used its influence to force a Liberation Army (ELN) brethren as a els of impunity the terrorists and drug crackdown on the Colombian Cali condition for entering into peace nego­ traffickers currently enjoy, Samper's Cartel, is nonetheless encouraging tiations with the government. If Samp­ exercise in "leadership" did not President Samper to reach a "peace" er goes along with it, this would permit prevail. accommodation with the worst narco­ the FARC-without firing a single Once General Bedoya's memo- terrorists of all?

EIR July 21, 1995 International 61 InternationalIntelligence

has produced the culture of the "information into a "muhunt." Leading mullah callsfo r age ." "I know intelligent children who don't On July 8, the daily Liberation devoted clergy to leave politics know how to conceptualize. Today we are its lead article, and all of pages 2 and 3, to marching toward a humanity which cannot revelations by a 33-year-old character reason, which cannot conceptualize, which The London-based Arab daily Asharq Al named Didier Delaporte, who began work­ cannot write . A class of slaves is being Awsat of July 5 reportedthat Mohamed Riza ing in January 1995 in the fundraising/fi­ formed. And those who can reason will form Muhdawi Kenni has resigned as chainnan nances office of the neo-Gaullist RPR party a super-elite. Education will be for the very of the Iranian League of Spiritual Struggle, of Chirac and Juppe. Curiously, the main few. The Republicans in the .S. have elim­ the organization all the leading mullahs be­ U bank ci� as being at the center of the al­ inated all the social programs, they will long to, including Iran's religious leader leged sh�y financing, Banque Rivaud, was eliminate education. There will be an ele­ Ayatollah Khamenei. Kenni released a long central to :the "galaxy of advisers" to former mental education .. ..That is the Nazi con­ statement calling for the clergy to withdraw prime rrrlltister and Chirac rival Edouard ception of education and of society . And we from all official positions in the govern­ Balladur, as Balladur mounted his cam­ will return to the esotericism of the white ment. He says it is wrong for the clergy to paign for �e Presidency. race as the chosen one. , .. hold government posts because the people "All this was begun by the British, the would have no one to turn to if the govern­ Bacons, the Lockes, the Humes, the Adam ment acts unjustly. Smiths, those founders of that doctrine New donfessions fu el plot Secondly, he criticized Iranian policy which insists that one must conform to what toward the Middle East peace process. He vs. Argentine miUtary is perceptible.... We are in the hands of called on the government to recognize the the heirs of British empiricism and econom­ full authority of Yasser Arafat in leading the Yet another "repentant" military man, ex­ icism." Palestinian people and to not support his Sgt. PedIp Pablo Caraballo of the Gendar­ enemies. merie , has come forward to reveal that he committed atrocities against terrorists dur­ Jupp e scandal erup�, ing the 11)70s war against subversion. The Venezuelan author slams leftistPa tina 12 reported on July 1 that in a may target Chirac letter to �e Buenos Aires Lawyers Associa­ British ideology tion (AAaA), Caraballo confessed that he French Prime Minister Alain Juppe says that had tortuted pregnant women and women The Caracas daily Ultimas Noticias carried scandals being stirred up against him per­ who had recently given birth at the clandes­ an extensive interview in its cultural section sonally by several leading French publica­ tine El Campito prison camp. After hearing July 2 with Venezuelan author Juan Lisca­ tions are intended to destabilize the govern­ eight hours of Caraballo's testimony, the no , who is celebrating his 80th birthday . ment appointed by the new President, AABA d¢cided to represent him in his law­ Liscano began by addressing the cultural Jacques Chirac . suit to try to reopen the case: against his crisis in the world and the bestialization of Juppe is accused of various manipUla­ former s�perior Gen. Santiago Riveros. the populace throughtelevision. He said the tions to procure luxury housing at low cost, The tiackdrop to Caraballo's confession "cyberpunk" movement is a continuation of for himself, for his son, and for others . Le is the h$an rights lobby's demands that Nazism, which can be understood by read­ Figaro on July 7 provided what it purported the Menekngovernment pressure the Armed ing Aldous Huxley's Brave New World. to be a full list of those who benefitted from Forces inJo handing over more information "In truth, materialism is a British inven­ Juppe's alleged misdeeds. Other scandal­ pertainin� to disappeared people. The June tion," Liscano continued. "Empiricism ... mongering has come from the satire maga­ 30 issue of Tiempo Militar, the newspaper postulates that the only reality is res extensa, zine Le Canard Enchafne. which ciiculates among all three branches that there is nothing, no other reality, but Justice Minister Jacques Toubon de­ of the Arlned Forces, addresses this biased that given us by our senses .. ..Bacon un­ clared on July 7 that all this was, first and anti-mililjary campaign. derstood perfectly the empirical ideology foremost, an "undertaking of politicaldesta­ The �i-monthly paper points to the re­ . . . which affirmsthat man is a tabula rasa bilization," which does a disservice to polit­ cent ruli� by the Buenos Aires city council, upon which perceptions and sensations are ical life in France. Similar views have been under w�ich schoolchildren in the capital printed .... And this was repeated by expressed by leaders of the opposition So­ will now be forced to read the book Never Locke, by Hume, and all those people. And cialist Party. For example, Tony Dreyfus, Again, b�sed on the findings of the National what was born ofthis empiricism was noth­ mayor of Paris's 10th Arrondissement, told DisappearedPersons Council (Conadep) . In ing less than the British Empire ." Radio Monte Carlo that the attacks on the reading

62 International EIR July 21, 1995 • POPE JOHN PAUL II was re­ ported byReuters to have "showed off a marked improvement in his health on Saturday, stqding out at an open­ warns, young people can only conclude that the International Monetary Fund policy. As airmass to meet orshippers one year the country's Anned Forces were worse Marivilia Carrasco recently reported to a "" aftersurgery for Iibroken leg sparked than the Nazis, and that the guerrillas "who meeting we had, the collapse of the Mexican talk of a papacy �n the wane," during unleashed a terror never before known," pesowas not a national problem, but a symp­ his trip to Slovakia. The pope urged didn't really exist, but werejust innocent, tom of an unstoppable financial disintegra­ Slovaks on Ju� 30 not to squander idealistic youth. The military paper warns tion which will not be stopped unless we re­ their new-found freedomon material­ that by not explaining the genesis of what establish national sovereignty against the ism and "moral Slavery." occurred in the 1970s-thatmurderous ter­ IMF." When he attacked the Banca d'Italia rorists declared war against the nation-the and the Italian politicians who made a pil­ • ts that its child mal­ human rights lobby is keeping open the grimage to London to seek support, Fini CHINA adItii nutrition rate is h;.gh andwarns of fur­ wounds which continue to "afflicta signifi­ (who was among the pilgrims last spring) ther deterioratiollof the health of stu­ cant portionof Argentine society." promptly said, "I am not a lackey of the City dents. Accordins to the official news of London! Besides I fully agree with what service,in coveI"flgeby the Economic you said, we should force the Banca d'Italia Dailyon July 6, (hepercentage of un­ to serve national economic purposes." But­ dernourishedchildren among prima­ LaRouche views get big tiglione reiterated his recent call for refocus­ ry and secondary students in China is ing economic policy on major infrastructure audience in Italy as high as 21 % and 44%, respec­ projects, in an echo of LaRouche 's program. tively. The Italian economic daily II Globo ran a two-page exclusive interview on July 11 • WORLD BANK President with EIR founder Lyndon LaRouche, which Thatcher panics over James Wolfensohn will embark on a went through the present financial disinte­ "getting to know you" tour of Haiti, gration, the history of his movement, and son's legal cases Jamaica, Brazil� Argentina, Colom­ why was it targeted from the outset by the bia, and Mexico, according to the FBI-Justice Department-Kissinger-Gorba­ The London Observer, in a front-page arti­ Mexican daily E, Financiero on July chov group. LaRouche also gave his evalua­ cle on July 9 entitled "Thatcher Orders Mark 10. While in Mexico, Wolfensohn tion of the political crisis in Italy, which to Settle Legal Action," reported that the will visit Chiapa$, wherehe will meet confirms his warnings given in Rome in former British prime minister recentlyvisit­ with unnamed · "non-governmental 1976. II Globo planned a specialedition to ed her son Mark Thatcher in Dallas, and organizations," �ost of which make be distributed for free to industrialists and demanded that he settle two cases out of up the support apparatus for the ter- politicians in Italy and Ticino, the Italian­ court. One involves his conflict with the rorist EZLN. . speakingpart of Switzerland. founder of the Ameristar company, and the LaRouche's ideas were also featured in other is a tax evasion case brought by the • PAVEL GRACHOV, the Rus­ Rome, on July 9, during an open-airforum Internal Revenue Service against his com­ sian defense minister, is being in the context of a three-day Solidarity Festi­ pany Emergency Networks. blamed for thel unpopular war in val dedicated to the Social Doctrine of the The Thatcher circle feels that the litiga­ Chechnya and II1flY be on his way out, Catholic Church. The finalevent of the fe sti­ tion could prove "highly embarrassing," the French paperLe Figaro surmised val, attended by 2,000people, arnongthem and is "increasingly concerned" about what on July 11. I 50 members of Parliament and many impor­ would happen if Mark Thatcher were tantjournalists, was a debate between Gian­ brought to court and exposed to cross-exam­ • JACQUES PARIZEAU, Que­ franco Fini, head of the National Alliance ination. This could lead to disclosures about bec's prime rniqister, addressed the party; Rocco Buttiglione, head of the Italian how he profited from Britain's massive Al­ Royal Institute pf International Af­ PopularParty ; former Social Welfare Min­ Yamamah arms deal with Saudi Arabia, fairs at Chathan\. House in London, ister Antonio Guidi; and Professor Centora­ which was negotiated by his mother. on July 5, seIIiqg "sovereignty" for me of the Capranica Association. Centora­ One of her intimates said, "It would be Quebec in the context of a "globalist" me organized a meeting at the association's a great, great mistakefor Mark tobe in court vision. He stres�dQuebec 's support officeson June 29 with Marivilia Carrasco, in America. Absolutely crazy!" It could, for the North American Free Trade the Mexican leader of the Ibero-American among other things, prove "harmful to the Agreement, distinct status for native Solidarity Movement, which is inspired by Thatcher reputation , especially in the United peoples, envirolimentalism, and oth­ LaRouche's ideas. States," at a time when she is raising funds er issues dear tb the lunatic "Nine At the debate Centorame announced: in the United States for her foundation, and Nations of North America" scheme. 'The present economic problems are due to promoting the latestvolume of her memoirs.

EIR July 21, 1995 International 63 �TIillNational

LaRouche fires salvo :against

Republican Waco coVerup

by EIR Staff

In an article published in the weekly New Federalist on July one of the forces in the Demqcratic Party, I shall be actively 17, Lyndon H. LaRouche, Jr. announced that the opening presenting those ideas which �ave to be presented,which are issue of his campaign for the 1996 Democratic Presidential the ideas which we shall uphold, and which we hopewe shall nomination will be the danger that the hearings of the U.S. be able to share, with at least the majority of our fellow House of Representatives into the "Waco" and "Weaver" Democrats, including the Pre�idential candidate. ! massacres may tum into a coverup by Newt Gingrich's Re­ "In that connection, it's important to recognize that a publican majority in Congress. threatened coverup by certai, Republican forces within the The hearings were scheduled to start on July 19 in the House of Representatives of! the Waco and Weaver cases, crime subcommittee of the House Judiciary Committee, un­ and other cases, that coveruU is the protection of the group der Rep. Bill McCullom (R-Fla.). Eight days areto be devot­ inside the Justice Department in particular, such as Deputy ed to testimony, a schedule unprecedented since the Wa­ Assistant Attorney General *-ark Richard and his associate tergate hearings against President Nixon. Yet the agenda Jack Keeney; that these two fharacters and their associates, is being so narrowly defined-supposedly due to "lack of are the principals responsibleifor the John Demjanjuk frame­ time"-as to ensure that no meaningful result will be up, which the Sixth Circuit h�s pronounceda fraud uponthe achieved. Instead, the subcommittee is spending its time court; for the Weaver case, �hich involves the ADL [Anti­ demanding that the White House tum over 26 memos from Defamation League], through Dan Levitas, among other President Clinton. things; for the Waco case, anp for my own case. Asked to comment on the hearings in a July 12 radio "The same people who are my enemies, in this respect, interview with Mel Klenetsky of "EIR Talks," LaRouche are also presently the most d�ngerous enemies of the Presi­ replied: dent of the United States. AH the harassment which is being "I expect that come September-October of 1996, it will done against the President, �s coming out of this bunch of be Dole vs. Clinton and Clinton vs. Dole, neck-and-neck. At clowns, centered around M.-k Richard, Jack Keeney, and that time, I expect I shall be supporting President Clinton, their co-conspirators, or co-cplpables." naturally. But in the meantime, until the nomination occurs, it is essential that I present certain things which have to be Who ran Waco and Wtaver massacres? said, for the coming period, for the next Presidency, arid put In a Sp ecial Report da� June 30, EIR called for the themon the table, and that I gather as much supportas I can, congressional hearings to �e up the case of the Justice because the Presidential nomination, when it occurs in the Department's railroad convi¢tion of LaRouche and a dozen convention next year, will be a gathering-together of various of his associates on trumpdd-up charges. We also docu­ forces aligned around various figures, including myself, who mented that a "permanent bureaucracy"in the Justice Depart­ will form the composition of the Presidential campaign for ment, centered around DeputyAssi stant Attorneys General the Democratic Party . And so, in gathering my friends and Mark Richard and John Keeqey, is to blame not only for the myself together to appear represented at the convention, as LaRouche case, but also fot the August 1992 shooting of

64 National EIR July 21, 1995 Randy Weaver's son and wife at Ruby Creek, Idaho, and for Concerning his own case, LaRouche wrote: "The public the April 1993 slaughter of the Branch Davidians at Waco, federal legal record now shows, that the attempt to indict, Texas. convict, and imprison me was a fraud upon the court, in In his New Federalist article, LaRouche underlined the which the U. S. Department of Justice played a leading, mon­ key facts common to both the Weaver and Branch Davidian strously corruptrole . In those 'LaRouche' cases, the sections cases: headed by corrupt Richard and Keeney played a crucial part, "1) In both of these cases, there was politically motivated and still do. That 'LaRouche case' has been described by targetting of the victims by a concert of private organizations former U.S. Attorney-General Ramsay Clark as 'represent[­ outside the U.S. government, working in tandem with cor­ ing] a broader range of deliberate cUnning and systematic rupt officials inside federal governmental law-enforcement misconduct over a longer period of time utilizing the power agencies. of the federal government than any other prosecution by the "2) In both cases, the slaughter was set into motion on U. S. government in my time or to my knowledge. ' George Bush's 'watch': while George Bush was President of "The evidence now on the legal record is, that, during the United States . January 1983, at the repeated instiglltion of former U.S. "3) The homicidal actions by governmentagents , in both Secretaryof State (Sir) Henry A. Kissinger, Kissinger croni­ cases, were brought about through the influence of sundry es on the President's Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board so-called 'experts,' some from within government agencies, (PFIAB) recommended a national-sec"Qrityoperation against some from private organizations outside government. me, under the terms of Executive Order 12333, which was "4) In both cases, the center of the scandal is the contin­ picked up for implementation, that same month, by the U.S. ued role of a corrupt section within the Justice Department's FBI under Judge Webster and his assistant, Oliver 'Buck' permanent bureaucracy, sections centered around agencies Revell. The fruit of this included the establishment of a under the direction of Deputy Assistant Attorneys General salon, under the direction of New York banker John Train, Mark Richard and John Keeney. which orchestrated the coordinaton of published libel and "5) In both cases, the federal government's targetting of other defamation and dirty tricks against me; the cabal asso­ Weaver and the Branch Davidians was prompted by private ciated with this salon included such media as NBC-TV organizations centered around the self-styled 'Cult Aware­ News, the Wall Street Journal. and theReaders' Digest. in ness Network,' the Anti-Defamation League (ADL) , and addition to the Anti-Defamation League, the Mellon-Scaife ADL fellow-travellers such as the Dan Levitas who played a intelligence network, and sundry agents and agencies of the key part in harassing Randy Weaver and Weaver's family federal government. During 1984-89, virtually all of the out of Iowa. The ADL has been frequently identified, as by defamatory propaganda launched agaililstme internationally, former top FBI officialOliver 'Buck' Revell, as an FBI dirty­ by virtually every element of the news�media in the U.S .A., tricks arm from within the private sector. and many in other nations, was coordinated through the "6) In both cases, the same roster of combined official activities of that John Train salon and the governmental and private 'experts' consulted by the federal agencies were agencies working closely with the 1983-84 roster of partici­ responsible for the bad advice which led to the otherwise pants in that salon. avoidable slaughter." "It was that defamatory news-media-centered, black­ propaganda campaign of 'Big Lies,' iwhich was used as a Outside 'experts' not subpoenaed cover for the harassment and legal actiQns against me and my LaRouche pointed to signs of a Republican coverup in associates by sundry governmental ag�ncies. The sections of the Judiciary Committee. First, the committee has not sub­ the Justice Department associated with the FBI, and with poenaed those so-called "experts" who both misguided the Mark Richard and Jack Keeney, played a crucial leading federal governmentinto targettingthe victims, and who play­ role, together with the private circles of the ADL and Cult ed a key part in inducing bad judgment by the relevant offi­ Awareness Network, in all of this. No political figure in the cials. Instead, it has targetted the Clinton administration as United States could have survived the scale, duration, and such, without touching the key players such as Richard, intensity of the attacks focussed against me and my associ­ Keeney, the Cult AwarenessNetwork, and the Quantico FBI. ates. This same cabal is deployed with the intent of destroy­ Second, the committee has failed to feature the related cases ing President Bill Clinton today." of John Demjanjuk, LaRouche, and the FBI's racist "Friih­ In conclusion, LaRouche wrote that his campaign will menschen" ("early man") campaign against black elected recommend, "that the best way to prevent a House Republi­ officials. Third, "the use offrivolous subpoenas against Pres­ can coverup of the suppurating nest of corruption in the ident Clinton's White House, as a way of diverting the time Justice Department, is that sufficient citizens warn their and energy of the hearings away from the known targets of representatives that a coverup in these matters will not be any honest inquiry, creates the very strong aroma of a cov­ received kindly at the next election, lor in the fu ndraising erup in the making ." efforts of incumbents and their rivals today."

EIR July 21, 1995 National 65 to apply for a job with the CIA, and then-without saying how-Brown asserts that he was assigned to work with Barry Seal, who was running guns to Central America, and bring­ Whitewatergaters are ing cocaine into the United States. According to Tyrrell's implausible account, Brown could playing with fire only establish that Clinton wason top of the operation, saying that it may "never be known I whether CIA officials knew or approved of Seal's activities�" Why the governor of one of by Edward Spannaus the poorest states in the union would be shipping weapons to Central America is never explained. If the desperation of President Clinton's enemies is any indi­ The American Spectator article was also the subject of cation, the Whitewater plot must not be going so well. The the lead editorial in the Wall Street Journal on July 9, but most recent indication of this is the article in the current with a decidedly differentemphas is. In contrastto the Sunday issue of the American Spectator, written by the Anglophiliac Telegraph fraud, the Journalnoted that its own reporting on adolescent who parades as its editor-in-chief, Emmett Mena "points more toward Washington than Arkansas." The Tyrrell. Journal cited its own earlier stories about Seal and drug- and Tyrrell's article purports to describe Clinton's involve­ gun-running to the Contras, and urged a full Congressional ment in the alleged CIA drug-running and gun-running oper­ investigation. "If some chips:fall on the Republican side, so ations which were conducted out of the remote airfield in be it." Mena, Arkansas, during the mid- 1980s. Despite the massive amount of evidence in the public record indicating that the The Seal papers Mena operation was one of the covert operations run out of Probably the best-documented treatment of the Barry Vice President George Bush's office in the 19808, and that it Seal-Mena operation has finallymade it into print, after a long was an integral part of the Contra support operation run by and sorry saga. This is the articleby former National Security Oliver North and Richard Secord, Tyrrell tells his fable as if Council officialRoger MorriS and investigative reporterSally Bill Clinton, Governorof Arkansas, ran the whole thing. As Denton, which was fact-checkedand edited for threemonths if the governor of Arkansas were more powerful than the at the end of last year by the Washington Post, beforePost President or vice-president of the United States, or as if the editors killed it for political reasons in January 1995 . governor were in charge of operations nominally designated After a search for another publisher, the Denton-Morris as CIA or National Security Council operations. article was published in the July issue of Penthouse maga­ . Bet you didn't know such power resided in Little Rock. zine. It is based on a study lof over 2,000 pages of Seal's That's because you haven't been reading the American Sp ec­ personal documents, which :substantiate much of what has tator. been asserted elsewhere about the Mena operation. Denton The search for gullible readers is not limited to Tyrrell's and Morris comment that, allthough Mena "has been a topic rag. His article was lavishly previewed in the July 9 London of ubiquitous anti-Clinton diatribes circulated by right-wing Sunday Telegraph under the byline of Ambrose Evans­ extremists," the irony is that "the Mena operation was the Pritchard . Pritchard's laudatory essay was headlined "Clin­ apparent brainchild of the two previous and Republican ad­ ton 'Involved in CIA Arms and Drugs Racket,' " and was ministrations." Not only wts it the brainchild of the two his latest attempt to proclaim that the Mena guns-and-drugs previous administrations, b� they also show that some nine story is about to engulf Clinton. different investigations of Mena, from 1987 on, went no­ Pritchard gushed that the American Spectator was about where, "from allegedly compromised federal grand juries to to publish "astonishing allegations that Bill Clinton was congressional inquiries suppressed by the National Security linked to an illegal CIA operation in the early 1980s to smug­ Council in 1988 under Ronald Reagan to still later Justice gle weapons from Arkansas to the right-wing Contra rebels Department inaction under George Bush." in Nicaragua." Evans-Pritchard says that Tyrrell's account The Denton-Morris arti¢le documents how one of the "parallels the experience of another intelligence operative, largest drug-smuggling operations in U.S. history was cen­ Terry Reed," but omits the fact that Reed's account put the tered in Mena in 1981-86, :involving at least $3-5 billion primary responsibility for the Mena operation on Bush and worth of drugs. Some indication of what was actually in­ his operative Oliver North. volved, is shown by the fact that, fter Seal's death, the IRS The Tyrrell story purports to be based on interviews with determined that the money earned by Seal in 1984-85-the L.D. Brown, an Arkansas state trooper who served on the last two years of his life-was not illegal, because of his security detail of the governor's mansion, and who claims to "CIA-DEA employment." have been a confidantof then-GovernorClinton . The IRS did not findthat Seal was employed byGovernor Brown claims he was encouraged by Governor Clinton Clinton or the State of Arkansas.

66 National EIR July 21, 1995 witnesses, who attempted to imply that such criminal net­ works are indistinguishable from rural and farm activists concerned with the collapse of the American economy, the loss of skilled jobs, and the onslaught on insane environmen­ Schumer sets stage talism. The net result in recent years has been to drive many honest people in the Western states intO the arms of British­ for attack on Clinton inspired secessionist countergangs. The low point by Our SpecialCorrespondent The low point of Schumer's show eame as Jeff Debonis, an environmental activist with ties to theterrorist Earth First! The u.s. Congress missed a second opportunity to investi­ networks and director of Public Employees for Environmen­ gate the genuine terrorist threatagainst the United States on tal Responsibility (PEER), launched a calumny directed at July 11, when Rep. Charles Schumer (D-N. Y.) held a rump western state legislators, whom he acc,sed of misusing their hearing entitled "America Under the Gun: The Militia Move­ offices to thwart the enforcement of dIlvironmental regula­ ment and Hate Groups in America." Setting the tone for tions. Under questioning away from TV cameras, DeBonis the dog-and-pony show that followed, Schumer opened the admitted that his remarks were inflammatory speculations. hearing with a derisive attack on Sen. Arlen Specter (R­ His source of information is David Helvaig, an investigator Pa.), who had held a hearing in June that featured "testimo­ who works for Greenpeace and is a member of EarthFirst !, ny" from a half-dozen militia activists. Both Schumer and a self-professed terrorist organization. Specter aretightly wound into the Anti-Defamation League PEER is a mouthpiece for a neNiork of Earth First!­ (ADL) of B 'nai B'rith, and the staged fight between the two connected environmental activists whiCh has penetrated the has all the earmarks of an orchestrated diversion from the federal land management bureaucra�y and enforcement real issues on the table: the British efforts to fuel a string arms. of secessionist revolts against the U.S. Constitution, and DeBonis's deliberate lying was orily the prelude to the the hideous corruption inside the permanent career bureau­ final panel, in which Schumer presen� an array of represen­ cracy in the Department of Justice and other federal tatives of ADL front groups, who rel¥l from different por­ agencies. tions of the ADL's self-serving exposl$ of the militia move­ Schumer staged his hearing in order to showcase the ment. The lineup began with Tom HaJ,pern, acting director activities of the ADL and its paid retainers, and, secondarily, of the Fact Finding Division of theAnti-Def amation League; to promotethe influence of a radical environmentalist clique Ken Stem of the AmericanJewish Committee; and longtime which is active within the ranks of federal land management ADL operative Dan Levitas, who runs a network of ADL­ agencies. The ultimate purpose of this charade is to draw spawned "human rights" organizations� Constituting the rest partisan lines around any investigation into corrupt networks of the panel were Ken Toole, from the Montana Human within the Department of Justice, so that any question about Rights Network; Bill Wassmuth, from:the Northwest Coali­ the actions of federal officialscan be interpreted as an attack tion Against Malicious Harassment; , Jonathan Mozzichi, on the federal government as a whole. from the Coalitionfor Human Dignityi in Portland, Oregon; The first group of speakers to address the panel was and Loretta Ross, fromthe ADL-contrQlled Center for Dem­ composed of officials from several rural counties where the ocratic Renewal. anti-government rhetoric of the secessionist grouplets has escalated into violence against local officials. Karen Ma­ What the panel didn't hear thews, a county recorder from Stanislaus County, Califor­ Ironically, one of the panelists, Rick Eaton of the Los nia, testified under FBI protection because she has been the Angeles Simon Wiesenthal Center, '*-'as a 1993 target of victim of a beating at the hands of a so-called "militia" ADL dirty tricks run through a League informant inside the activist imported from Oregon . In fact, her assailant turned White Aryan Resistance (WAR). The ADL's Roy Bullock, out to have a criminal record of convictions on gun and who was the subject of a San Francisco Police Department drug charges in California. A federal land management law probe into illegal spying and theftof cOJllfidentialgovernment enforcement officer testifying in the second panel, also im­ data, was paying a convicted felon to infiltrate and operate plied that there is an overlap between the thuggery of the as a provocateur inside WAR. One of the ADL-contrived white supremacist movement and the established networks operations by the informant, code-named "Scumbag," was of druggrowers and smugglers who began to dominate re­ to solicit a violent attackagainst Eatonl who was considered gions of the national park system during the 1980s. a "rival" of the ADL. Needless to say� Eaton's nearly fatal These tidbits of reality were otherwise overshadowed experience at the hands of the ADL was not mentioned by a mass of prevarications and dissimulations by other during the hearings.

EIR July 21, 1995 National 67 • Congressional Closeup by William Jones

Fight looms over renewed "disgrace." Benjamin Gilman (R­ tee released is a political document, relations with Vietnam N.Y.), chairman of the House Inter­ and said that throwing out this kind President Clinton announced on July national Relations Committee, said he of wild proposal indicates that we are 11 in a ceremony at the White House, would bring legislation to the House starting to see a breakdown in what is that he was normalizing relations with floor blocking fu nds to build an em­ predictable. The Science Committee Vietnam. The President was joined by bassy in Vietnam or in any way facili­ has no� yet authorized the FY 96 senators and congressmen who have tate normalizing relations. A few, like NASA budget; the Senate will proba­ fought for recognition, including Sen. Dornan and Sen. Bob Smith (R­ bly not act on it until after the August John McCain (R-Ariz.), a former N.H.), are still pressing the POW­ recess. POW who was held in North MIA issue. Even Senate Majority Vietnam. Leader Bob Dole (R-Kan.), sensing President Clinton praised the ef­ the potential of the issue as a campaign forts made to locate all the missing­ item, has expressed his reservations in-action (MIAs), an issue that has on the President's moves. ehns seeks cut in caused much delay in normalizing re­ AIDSH treatment funding lations. "Never before in the history Sen. Jesse Helms (R-N.C.) wants to of warfare has such an extensive effort reduce funding for the Ryan White been made to resolve the fate of sol­ Comprtthensive AIDS Emergency diers who did not return," he said. NASA targeted despite ResourCes Act because it was,. ac­ President Clinton had promised to Shuttle-Mir success cording;to him, homosexuals' "delib­ guarantee that the Vietnamese were On July 11, the Veterans, Housing erate, disgusting, revolting conduct" cooperating in trying to locate MIAs and Urban Development, and Inde­ that ca�sed AIDS, he told the New before he would call for normaliza­ pendent Agencies subcommittee of York Times in early July. tion. Last year, he liftedthe trade em­ the House Committee on Appropria­ Helms's statements raised an out­ bargo on Vietnam, citing Hanoi's co­ tions slashed $720 million from the cry-undoubtedly foreseen by operation in accounting for those still President's request of $14.26 billion Helms" perhaps to force Republican missing in action from the Vietnam for next year's space program. The Presidential hopefuls to kowtow to the War. "I believe normalization and in­ measure is fully consistent with the Radica� Right on this issue. Helms creased contact between Americans House Speaker Newt Gingrich's Con­ also complained that too many federal and Vietnamese will advance the servative Revolution budget­ dollars went to AIDS patients and re­ cause of freedom in Vietnam just as it gouging. search, to the detriment of research did in eastern Europe and the former The proposal would shut down the into otl1er diseases. Soviet Union," the President stated. Marshall Space Flight Center in The act, which provides $624 mil­ "I strongly believe that engaging the Huntsville, Alabama, the Goddard lion in funding this year, is due to ex­ Vietnamese on the broad economic Space Flight Center in Maryland, and pire in September unless Congressre­ front of economic reform and the the Langley Research Center in Vir­ authorizes it. It had bipartisan support broad front of democratic reform will ginia, and eliminate or delay key sci­ when passed last year, with Senate help to honor the sacrifice of those ence programs including the Cassini Majori�y Leader Bob Dole (R-Kan.) who fought for freedom's sake in spacecraft to Saturn,the Stratospheric co-spoJ)soring the legislation. The Vietnam." Observatory for Infrared Astronomy, Senate Labor and Human Resources McCain and Sen. John Kerry (D­ and the Space Infrared Telescope. Committee has unanimously ap­ Mass.), also a decorated Vietnam vet, The proposal to close three NASA proved the act's reauthorization, but have teamed up to argue the case in centers while continuing full funding the House Commerce Committee has the Senate. McCain is preparing to in­ for the Space Shuttle and space sta­ yet to act. troduce a sense of the Senate resolu­ tion, which would be impossible, in­ President Clinton reacted immedi­ tion calling for recognition. dicates that this is not a serious pro­ ately in: a speechto students at George­ Despite the efforts of McCain and posal but a red alert to get people's town University on July 6, pointing others , the issue has been a prickly attention. A staffer for the Democrats out that AIDS funding was less than one for many Republicans. Rep. Bob on the House Science Committee be­ one-third of that for cancer and less Dornan (R-Calif.) called the move a lieves that the budget the subcommit- than Ollie-sixth of that for heart dis-

68 National EIR July 21, 1995 I

ease. He explained the many different ors have been elected from minority­ The Special Whitewater Commit­ ways that people have acquired AIDS , black cities, if you keep in mind that tee was created by a 96-3 vote in the many of them by freak accidents or by Colin Powell is the most wanted polit­ Senate, and has been allotted a blood transfusions. He added that "the ical candidate in American today, $950,000 budget, to last through Feb­ gay people who have AIDS are still blacks will pull together bi-racial co­ ruary . House Barlking Committee our sons, our brothers, our cousins, alitions and will continue to be Chairman Jim Leach (R-Ia.) will start our citizens. They're Americans, too. elected." his own hearings on Aug. 7. They're obeying the law and working hard. They're entitled to be treated like everybody else." Sen. D'Amato tries GOPers tell Clinton: Go to revive Whitewater to IMF for aid �o Mexico The Special Committee on Whitewa­ Senate Majority Leader Bob Dole (R­ Supreme Court overturns ter Development Corporation and Re­ Kan.) and Senate Banking Committee black electoral district lated Matters will begin hearings on Chairman Alfonse D' Amato (R­ In a decision that has enraged black July 18, in an attempt to revive the N. Y .) delivered a Jetter to Treasury legislators , the Supreme Court struck allegations of financial irregularities Secretary Robert Rubin on July 5, in down on June 29 a congressional dis­ in the real estate dealings in Arkansas which they said they are "not aware of trict in Georgia drawn specifically to involving the Clintons. The commit­ any 'emergencies' or 'contingencies' elect a black to Congress. The court tee will hold hearings on the related that wouldjustify the release of addi­ ruled that Georgia's 11th Congres­ matter of what happened, if anything, tional u.S. funds to supporting the sional District is unconstitutional be­ to the papers of the late White House Mexican peso." Rubin had announced cause it groups voters based predomi­ Deputy Counsel Vincent W. Foster. plans the previous week to release an­ nantly on race. The district, Senate Banking Committee Chair­ other $2.5 billion to Mexico in addi­ represented by Cynthia McKinney man Alfonse D'Amato (R-N.Y.), tion to the $10 billion in loan guaran­ (D-Ga.), joins black metropolitan At­ himself often the subject of investiga­ tees and other financial aid pledges lanta with black rural communities tion for shady financial dealings, has since February. The senators urged 260 miles along the coast. ironically become the Republican the administration to seek funds from Members of the Congressional point-man for the investigation. D' A­ the International Monetary Fund, the Black Caucus said that the Supreme mato will chair the special Senate Bank of International Settlements, Court rulingputs all minority districts Whitewater panel. and other international sources before at risk and could reshape congression­ Allegations of foul play have been using more U. S. funds. al districting maps across the country . trumpeted in full-page newspaperad s, At the outbreak of the Mexican "Any district that has been drawn or a campaign that has been heavily bank­ peso crisis, President Clinton, in op­ would be drawn to elect blacks in Con­ rolled by Richard Mellon Scaife. The position to a Republican-dominated gress would and could be chal­ allegations claim that Whitewater-re­ Congress that was unwilling to appro­ lenged," said Rep. Chaka Fattah (D­ lated documents that were held by Fos­ priate funds to assist Mexico, turned Pa.). There is similar case before the ter as President Clinton's personal at­ to the Equalizatio� Fund for loan Supreme Court in the fall affecting the torney wereremoved and turnedover guarantees for Mexico. district of Rep. Eddie Bernice John­ to David Kendall, who had become the The IMF agreed to a Mexican bail­ son (D-Tex.). Clintons' personal attorney. Although out during the so-called peso crisis Not all Democrats saw the devel­ a special prosecutor, Kenneth Starr, a only on condition that the United opments as pessimistically. "I am an key Bush-league operative, has been States shell out a good portion of the optimist," Abigail Thernstrom, au­ investigating the Whitewater allega­ funding. Since then the issue of debt thor of Who's Votes Count? Affi rma­ tions for months without turning up moratorium, in contrast to a "bailout," tive Action and Minority Voting anything of substance, the D' Amato has gained widespread support in Rights, told the Washington Times. hearings are intended to keep the alle­ Mexico and trn:oughout Ibero­ "If one puts together the fact that the gations in the news-perhaps all the America, with key religious leaders overwhelming majority of black may- way to the 1996 election. also giving their support to the idea.

EIR July 21, 1995 National 69 NationalNews

be income which isn't." for Florida's Future, told the Dallas confer­ With a knowing laugh, she explained, ence (whiCh was titled "Taking on Big Gov­ "You could deem someone to be a citizen of ernment: A.genda for the 199Os"), that the Gramm touts slave-labor the United States, even though she wasn't United States "desperately" needs a revolu­ bornhere , but born in Britain. If you could tion. "wd need to create a 'crisis' that will to Young Republicans deem a person born in Britain to be born in ensure that there are no alternatives to less During an address on July 1 to the Young the United States for the purposes of Presi­ governm�t." He pointed to the adoption of Republican convention in Atlanta, Sen. Phil dential elections, boy , you wouldn't stop a "constit1lJtionalrequirement for a balanced Gramm (R-Tex.) elaborated on his pet me from coming." Happily, the Constitu­ budget [a$] just such a crisis," because this scheme to turn federal prisons into "mini­ tion will. would deprive the federal government of industrial parks ." According to wire service revenue flows. "Money is the key to the accounts, the Presidential candidate's growth of big government, and the lack of speech delighted the crowd of several hun­ it is the tool with which smaller and more dred, who gave him the highest vote total in efficient government can be fashioned." a subsequent strawpo ll. Ex-prosecutor pleads Bush praised House SpeakerNewt Gin­ Under Gramm's slave-labor scheme, in­ grich's (Ri-Ga.) "visionary leadership," and mates would work 10 hours a day to make guilty in Cali case echoed the most extreme ''ThirdWave" ele­ revenue-producing goods, in full competi­ Formerfederal prosecutor Donald Ferguson ments of the Contract with America. "We tion with the free labor force. "Selling it pled guilty on July 3 in the Cali drug cartel must rethink the role of government in the nationally, selling the products that prison­ case, furthertightening the noose around the Informati9n Age," he asserted. Listing ers make internationally, having prisoners neck of former Justice Department official those senrices he believes most in need of make component parts for everything from Michael Abbell. Ferguson pled guilty to re­ privatization (prisons, schools, child wel­ tractors to cars to television sets . . . makes duced charges of conspiring to obstructjus­ fare), BU$h singled out education as "the eminently good sense," said Gramm. "I tice and money laundering , and agreed to most arch!licof all systems managed by gov­ think we made a terrible mistake when we cooperate in the government's ongoing case ernment.'. Why? Because "theschool calen­ let special interest groups stop prison labor. " against Abbell. darreflecis the Agricultural Age," while the If elected, Gramm vowed to repeal the Ferguson, an assistant U.S. attorney in "system for service delivery is a classic top­ Cooper-Hawes Act, the Sumners-Ashurst Miami in the mid- 1970s, was recruited by down, ceptralized anachronism of the In­ Act, and the Percy amendment, which make Abbell in 1990 to help him represent drug­ dustrial Aige." it illegal to sell prison-made goods in the runnersfor Colombia's Cali Cartel in Flori­ private market, and require working prison­ da , according to the indictment. Ferguson ers to be paid according to a union scale. was charged with helping to secure false statements from drug defendants in order to exculpate Cali kingpin Miguel Rodriguez Supreme Court rules for Orejuela, and with delivering $75,000 in drug profits to the wife of a jailed drug de­ owl's rights over man's Thatcher toys with fe ndant in Miami. By a 6-3 decision, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled on June 29 that the 1973 Endangered running for President Species Act (ESA) prohibits disturbing the Along with the political twaddle Margaret habitats of such creatures as spotted owls on Thatcher presented on June 28 to the Nation­ private pt'opertyas well as on federal lands. al Press Club in Washington, she made her­ Jeb Bush wants an end Overturning a federal appeals court deci­ self ample proof of the wisdom of the sion, the :Supreme Court ruled in favor of Founding Fathers, in establishing a consti­ to federal government the U. S. Interior Department and Fish and tutional requirementthat the President of the "Son-of-a-Bush" Jeb Bush told a Dallas Wildlife Service, in a suit brought by timber United States be born in this country. conference earlier this year that "Republi­ industry �d landowner representativesover Thatcher, the former prime minister of cans must kill the government goose that the right '0 log on private land inhabited by Great Britain, who turned its collapsing lays the golden eggs. . ..They must not the spotle!d owl. economy into a scrap heap, was jokingly reinvent government; they must deinvent it At issue was whether the ESA prevented asked whether she would run for President in order to succeed in governing." Bush's only the ' killing of protected species, or in the upcoming election. "You'd have to address was featured in the June 1995 issue whether tt also could prevent supposedly pass a very simple amendment," she re­ of Imprimis, a publication of Hillsdale Col­ threatening intrusions into these species' plied. "I have been a tax lawyer in my time, lege, a Conservative Revolution hotbed in habitats. �t stake, however, is the funda­ and in tax law , there are lots of deeming Michigan. mental tenet underlying Western civiliza­ provisions-that is, you deem something to Bush, now chairmanof the Foundation tion, that mankind is superior to all other

70 National ElK July 21, 1995 BrtEdly

• CALIFORNIA'S state legisla­ ture recessed on June 30 without agreeing on a budget for the fiscal year which began July 1. Since the species, having been created in the image of forcers for a New Dark Age, the Rockefeller collapse of the state's tax base in the Godand endowed with the powerof reason. Foundation has spent over $5 million a year late 1980s, budget deadlocks have The SupremeCourt decision is the latest since 1991 on its Leadership for Environ­ become an annual event. In 1992, the ment and Development program, designed round in an absurd battle over the rights of legislature was unable to pass a new the spotted owl which has gone on for years, to ensure "nothing less than humanity's ac­ budget until September, making in­ with all parties ignoring the fundamental is­ ceptance of responsibility for stewardship terim payments' in IOUs-a practice sue. The agenda has been dominated by pa­ of the earth." The program is presently op­ banned this year bythe courts. gan environmentalists both in and out of erating in Brazil, Canada, China, Russia, I government, under the overall direction of India, Indonesia, Mexico, and Nigeria. • ORANGE FOUNTY, Califor­ the Worldwide Fund for Nature. In the case nia voters rejected a 0.5% increasein of the spotted owl, the environmentalists' the county's 7.15% sales tax on June target has been the once-vast timber output 27, intended to : raise $130 million a of the Pacific Northwest. yearfor 10 yewts, according to Reu­ As many naturalists and forest experts ters. The coun filed for bankruptcy have testified, the only significantthreat to tY Sherifftied to 'Get last year after revenues which had the survival of the spotted owl is its own been invested in derivatives went up vulnerability to other birds of prey. But its LaRouche' team indicted in smoke. A NeW York Times editori­ listing as an endangered species, coupled Sheriff Paul Barrett, theformer gamekeeper al on July 2 denounced the voters for with other environmentalist restrictions on for the J. C. Bryant family plantation in Mis­ their "arrogance," which "is roiling logging, has closed offhuge tracts of public sissippi, was indicted on fivecounts of ob­ the bond markets." and private forests. The resulting bankrupt­ struction of justice, perjury, and witness cy of scores of logging and milling compa­ tampering by the U. S. Attorneyfor the Dis­ • THE U.S. SPACE Shuttle mis­ nies, especially among the family-owned trict of Columbia in early July. If convicted, sion to hook up with Russia's Mir operations which formerly accounted for Barrett will join the ranks of former Lou­ space station dfew enormous inter­ more than 60% of all timber output, has sent doun County, Virginia Sheriffs Lt. Donald est, despite bei�g largely ignored by lumberprices skyrocketing. The industry as Moore, J.C. HerbertBryant, Jr., and other the major media. NASA Space Shut­ a whole has also fallen into the hands of half members of the "Get LaRouche" task force tle program d�ctor Brewster Shaw a dozen giant companies operating increas­ which railroaded economist Lyndon reported that there were 2.8 million ingly as a cartel. LaRouche to prison, who have been con­ inquiries for status information victed on various charges. through the Intemet, even though all Bryant was convicted last year on lines were busy! during much of the charges of making false statements and im­ mission. personatinga federalofficer. He has not yet Rockefeller funds back been sentenced. • JOHN TRAIN'S outfit, Free­ The charges against Barrett stem from dom House, has been denied consul­ eco-fascist takeover testimony Barrettgave as a witness in Bry­ tative status with the United Nations The RockefellerFoundation is financingthe ant's trial. Barrettis accused offalsely testi­ Economic and Social Council, after creationof an international army of fascist fying that he sold a motorcycle which Bry­ failing to win a majorityin the U.N. green cadres to implement a "paradigm ant purchased for his use in WarrenCounty , Committee on : Non-Governmental shift" and lead the world to a fascist "sus­ Virginia for $1 ,5 00 when in fact, a Dr. Cal­ Organizations. Voting against were tainable" society, according to its just-re­ vin Poole paid Barrett over $10,000for the China, Cuba, Ethiopia, India, Indo­ leased 1994 annual report. The report states item. He is also charged with obstruction of nesia, Philippines, Sudan, Swazi­ that "humankind has crossed a dangerous justice and witness tampering as a result of land, and Tuni�ia. Train was a key threshold in its relationship with its habitat" an alleged attempt to persuade Poole to hide conspirator in thejudicial frameupof and has "seriously damaged the planet's this fact from law enforcement officers. Lyndon LaRou�e. ability to regenerate." Barrett is also charged with perjuring According to the report, these "danger­ himself before the Grand Jury which • 'DR. DEA m,' Jack Kevorkian, ous trends" can only be reversed with a "new brought the charges against Bryant, when celebrated the opening of his Michi­ approach" that leads all human activity to­ he "deliberately" mis-identifieda signature gan "suicide clinic" on June 27 with ward "sustainability." The foundation says on a notarized "oath of Office"as that ofJ .C. the murder of his 24th victim, a 60- that the effort"demands exceptional leaders Herbert Bryant, Jr. The falsified document year-oldwoman ; suffering froma par­ who can collaborate across national borders was a key supporting piece of evidence in alyzing nervous: disorder. Her death to define a common ground on which the Bryant's defense against the charge that he was ruleda homicideby carbonmon­ futurecan be built." was illegally in possession of handguns on oxide poisoning� To create a sufficient number of en- the day he was arrested in Washington.

EIR July 21, 1995 National 71 Editorial

Don't privatizeyour grandmother

The flawless docking of the Space Shuttle Atlantis and behind both the privatization and the streamlining of the Russian Mir Space Station reminded us all of past procedures is penny-ante cost-cutting. This approach days when NASA chalked up one success after another will not work, but will only serve to dismantle what and we could realistically hope that there would be a remains of the space program. further leap from the Moon to Mars . Similar moves are unde� way to take apart and pri­ The Apollo program was indeed a giant step for­ vatize the U.S. national weather service. The idea is ward for all of mankind; nonetheless, it occurredwithin to close down weather offices all over the country , the geometry of the Cold War and Soviet-American transferring their functions to private companies that competition in space, dramatized by the Sp utnik flight. would sell their services to the mass media. This infor­ By comparison, the collaborative Russian-U.S. pro­ mation has been given out � no cost to all users since gram now under way to integrate their respective space the beginning of the weathe� service. programs symbolizes the reality of present cooperation On Oct. 1, the Commerce Department will elimi­ between the two nations. nate the agricultural weathet service, fire weather ser­ Notwithstanding all of the manifold successes of vices to non-federal agencies for non-wildfire activi­ the space program, and the extraordinary benefits it ties, distribution of weather charts to marine radio­ has yielded for the civilian economy-for example, in facsimile broadcast stationsj and the National Weather rapid development of semi -conductors-it is the shock­ Service Summary. This lasV service provides summar­ ing state of affairs now that neither Russia nor the ies to the public and the �edia of extreme weather, United States is prepared to invest sufficientlyto main­ such as tornadoes and flooos; it is one of the major tain the independent existence of their national space sources of information on \\leather. for newspapers and programs. Thus, Vice President Al Gore's role in pro­ radio stations. moting cooperation with Moscow is in fact a lifeline The elimination of theseiand other weather services for America's space program; tragically, the same is is part of a much broader operation to privatize the true in Russia. functions of NASA, the weather service, and agricul­ Russia has a highly trained scientific cadre force, tural information services. These privatization schemes probably better educated than their counterparts in the have the full support of Speaker of the House Newt United States or westernEurope; it also has a repository Gingrich (R-Ga.), and are being implemented with the of scientific discoveries that were achieved within the cooperation of Vice Presid�nt Gore . The logic of this military-scientific complex, but which could not be privatization is that taxpayets will save money . realized technologically. With the disintegration of the On another, related fr<)lnt, the U.S. Enrichment Russian economy under the conditions imposed by the Corp., which makes nuclelir fuel, has also now been International Monetary Fund, this capability is being privatized, and such power $Iarketing authorities as the bled away. Clearly, there are economic and scientific Bonneville Power and Tennessee Valley Authority are benefits , as well as political benefits, for the United also slated for the chopping !block. States as well as Russia, in cooperation in space. Under currenteconomi� conditions, who is kidding Yet, at the very same June 30 press conference held whom to suggest that private companies are in a posi­ to announce the successful docking, NASA administra­ tion to pick up the tab for tlile U.S. government? Only tor Dan Goldin endorsed congressional moves to pri­ a moment's thought should be needed to recognize that vatize the Space Shuttle. He also discussed plans to get what is being put on the chdpping block is this nation's rid of many of the safety procedures put into place future greatness, as well as its ability to mount a nation­ after the Challenger disaster. Perhaps some of these al emergency effort to anticipate weather and other procedures are indeed redundant, but the motivation potential disasters .

72 National EIR July 21, 1995 SEE LAROUCHE ON CAB L E TV

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"This Manual is an indispensable contribution to the true history of music and a guide to the inter­ A Manual on the Rudiments of pretation of music, particularly regarding the tone production of singers and string players alike .... I fu lly endorse this book and congratulate Lyndon LaRouche on his initiative." -Norbert Brainin, fo under andfirst violinist, Tu ning and Amadeus Quartet

" ...without any doubt an excellent initiative. It is particularly important to raise the question of tuning in connection with bel canto technique, Registration since today's high tuning misplaces all register shifts, and makes it very difficultfo r a singer to have the sound float above the breath ....Wha t is true for the voice, is also true fo r instruments." BOOK I: -Carlo Bergonzi Introduction and .�i! : t. Human Singing Vo ice �\ .; �� .� :-'='·'''i �:. I •.� � ::;.t� {}" .

From Tiananmen Square to Berlin, Beethoven's Ninth Symphony was chosen as the "theme song" of the revolution fo r human dignity, because Beethoven's work is the highest expression of Classical beauty. Now, fo r the firsttime, a Schiller Institute team of musicians and scientists , headed by statesman and philosopher Lyndon H. LaRouche, J r. , presents a manual to teach the uni­ versal principles which underlie the creation of great works of Classical musical art.

Book I focuses on the principles of natural beauty $30 plus $4.50 shipping and handling which any work of art must satisfy in order to be . Foreign postage: beautiful. First and fo remost is the bel canto vocal­ Canada: $7.00; for each additional book add $1.50 Mexico: $10.00; fo r each additional book add $3.00 ization of polyphony, sung at the "natural" or South America: $11.75; for each additional book add $5.00 "scientific" tuning which sets. middle C at approxi­ Australia & New Zealand: $12.00; for each additional book add $4.0� Other countries: $10.50; for each additional book add $4.50 mately 256 cycles per second. Copious musical examples. are drawn fro m the Classical musical liter­ Schiller Institute, Inc. p.o.Box 20244 Washington, D.C. 20041-0244 ature to show how the natural registration of each (202) 544-7018 species of singing voice, along with natural tuning, or call Ben Franklin Booksellers, 107 S. King St. , is the .composer' s indispensable "raw material" fo r Leesburg, VA 22075. Phone (703) 777-3661; fax (703) 771-8287; toll free (800) 453-4108 the rigorous creation of poetic ironies without which Visa and MasterCard accepted. Virginia residents please add no work of art can rightly be called "Classical." 4.5% sales tax.