DOCSLIB.ORG

The Future of NATO and European Defence

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Future of NATO and European Defence House of Commons Defence Committee The future of NATO and European defence Ninth Report of Session 2007–08 Report, together with formal minutes, oral and written evidence Ordered by The House of Commons to be printed 4 March 2008 HC 111 [Incorporating HC 707-i & ii] Published on 20 March 2008 by authority of the House of Commons London: The Stationery Office Limited £0.00 The Defence Committee The Defence Committee is appointed by the House of Commons to examine the expenditure, administration, and policy of the Ministry of Defence and its associated public bodies. Current membership Rt Hon James Arbuthnot MP (Conservative, North East Hampshire) (Chairman) Mr David S Borrow MP (Labour, South Ribble) Mr David Crausby MP (Labour, Bolton North East) Linda Gilroy MP (Labour, Plymouth Sutton) Mr David Hamilton MP (Labour, Midlothian) Mr Mike Hancock MP (Liberal Democrat, Portsmouth South) Mr Dai Havard MP (Labour, Merthyr Tydfil and Rhymney) Mr Adam Holloway MP (Conservative, Gravesham) Mr Bernard Jenkin MP (Conservative, North Essex) Mr Brian Jenkins MP (Labour, Tamworth) Mr Kevan Jones MP (Labour, Durham North) Robert Key MP (Conservative, Salisbury) John Smith MP (Labour, Vale of Glamorgan) Richard Younger-Ross MP (Liberal Democrat, Teignbridge) The following Members were also Members of the Committee during the Parliament. Mr Colin Breed MP (Liberal Democrat, South East Cornwall) Derek Conway MP (Conservative, Old Bexley and Sidcup) Mr Mark Lancaster MP (Conservative, North East Milton Keynes) Willie Rennie MP (Liberal Democrat, Dunfermline and West Fife) Mr Desmond Swayne MP (Conservative, New Forest West) Powers The Committee is one of the departmental select committees, the powers of which are set out in House of Commons Standing Orders, principally in SO No 152. These are available on the Internet via www.parliament.uk. Publications The Reports and evidence of the Committee are published by The Stationery Office by Order of the House. All publications of the Committee (including press notices) are on the Internet at: www.parliament.uk/defcom. Committee staff The current staff of the Committee are Mike Hennessy (Clerk), Eliot Wilson (Second Clerk), Ian Rogers (Audit Adviser), Dr Stephen Jones (Committee Specialist), Lis McCracken (Inquiry Manager), Richard Dawson (Committee Assistant), Christine McGrane (Secretary) and Stewart McIlvenna (Senior Office Clerk). Contacts All correspondence should be addressed to the Clerk of the Defence Committee, House of Commons, London SW1A 0AA. The telephone number for general enquiries is 020 7219 5745; the Committee’s email address is [email protected]. Media inquiries should be addressed to Alex Paterson on 020 7219 1589. Front cover of the official NATO emblem downloaded at www.nato.int NATO members and applicant countries Nordk 60 30 20 10 70 0 10 20 app ° ° 30° ° ° ° ° ° ° 40 Reykjavik ° ° ICELAND 80 a e Norwegian S ite Sea Wh NORWAY Faroe Is. ia n KAZAKHSTAN h SWEDEN t FINLAND o B Shetland f o Is. f 30 l ° u G ° Oslo Helsinki 70 and 50 Finl ° Stockholm Gulf of 50 ° Tallinn North ESTONIA RUSSIAN rak ager Sea Sk a FEDERATION e S Riga Moscow IRELAND UNITED c LATVIA DENMARK i Dublin KINGDOM Copenhagen lt a LITHUANIA B Vilnius RUSS. FED. Minsk London Amsterdam BELARUS NETHERLANDS Berlin POLAND English Channel Brussels Warsaw BELGIUM GERMANY ATLANTIC OCEAN Kyiv Luxembourg Prague UZBEKISTAN Paris LUXEMBOURG CZECH REP. 30 UKRAINE ° SLOVAKIA LIECHTEN- REP. OF C FRANCE Bratislava STEIN Vienna MOLDOVA a 60 ° SWITZERLAND Budapest Chisinau s 40 Bay of Bern Vaduz AUSTRIA Sea of p ° Azov i 40 ° Biscay HUNGARY a Ljubljana n TURKMENISTAN Crimea SLOVENIA ROMANIA Ashgabat Zagreb S CROATIA e SAN Belgrade Bucharest GEORGIA a MARINO BOSNIA AND Baku A HERZEGOVINA SERBIA Black Sea T'bilisi MONACO d AZERBAIJAN PORTUGAL ANDORRA r Sarajevo SPAIN ia t Yerevan ITALY ic KOSOVO BULGARIA Lisbon Madrid Corsica rus SMONTENEGRO Sofia po ARMENIA e os Rome a Skopje B Balearic Is. Tirana FYR Sardinia ALBANIA MAC. Ankara Me Tyrrhenian TURKEY Gi Aegean S br d Sea tr alt GREECE ait ar i of G Ionian ibraltar t Sea Sea e Sicily Athens r Members of NATO (Canada and the r Nicosia 30 MALTA United States are also NATO members) 30 ° ° aValletta Crete Membership Action Plan countries n CYPRUS ea n Sea Intensified Dialogue countries Individual Partnership Action Plan countries 0° 10° 20° 30° 40° Users should note that this map has been designed for briefing purposes only and it should not be used for determining the precise location of places or features. This map should not be considered an authority on the deliitation of international boundaries nor on spelling of place and feature names. Members of NATO and the European Union Nordk 60 30 20 10 70 0 10 20 app ° ° 30° ° ° ° ° ° ° 40 Reykjavik ° ° ICELAND 80 a e Norwegian S ite Sea Wh NORWAY Faroe Is. ia n KAZAKHSTAN h SWEDEN t FINLAND o B Shetland f o Is. f 30 l ° u G ° Oslo Helsinki 70 and 50 Finl ° Stockholm Gulf of 50 ° Tallinn North ESTONIA RUSSIAN rak ager Sea Sk a FEDERATION e S Riga Moscow IRELAND UNITED c LATVIA DENMARK i Dublin KINGDOM Copenhagen lt a LITHUANIA B Vilnius RUSS. FED. Minsk London Amsterdam BELARUS NETHERLANDS Berlin POLAND English Channel Brussels Warsaw BELGIUM GERMANY ATLANTIC OCEAN Kyiv Luxembourg Prague UZBEKISTAN Paris LUXEMBOURG CZECH REP. 30 UKRAINE ° SLOVAKIA LIECHTEN- REP. OF C FRANCE Bratislava STEIN Vienna MOLDOVA a 60 ° SWITZERLAND Budapest Chisinau s 40 Bay of Bern Vaduz AUSTRIA Sea of p ° Azov i 40 ° Biscay HUNGARY a Ljubljana n TURKMENISTAN Crimea SLOVENIA ROMANIA Ashgabat Zagreb S CROATIA e SAN Belgrade Bucharest GEORGIA a MARINO BOSNIA AND Baku A HERZEGOVINA SERBIA Black Sea T'bilisi MONACO d AZERBAIJAN PORTUGAL ANDORRA r Sarajevo SPAIN ia t Yerevan ITALY ic KOSOVO BULGARIA Lisbon Madrid Corsica rus SMONTENEGRO Sofia po ARMENIA e os Rome a Skopje B Balearic Is. Tirana Sardinia ALBANIA Ankara Me Tyrrhenian TURKEY Gi Aegean S br d Sea tr alt GREECE ait ar i of G Ionian ibraltar t Sea Sea e Sicily Athens r Members of NATO and members of r Nicosia 30 MALTA the EU 30 ° ° aValletta Crete n CYPRUS Members of NATO only (Canada and ea the United States are also NATO n Sea ISRAEL members Members of the EU only 0° 10° 20° 30° 40° Users should note that this map has been designed for briefing purposes only and it should not be used for determining the precise location of places or features. This map should not be considered an authority on the deliitation of international boundaries nor on spelling of place and feature names. The future of NATO and European defence 1 Contents Report Page Summary 3 1 Introduction 5 The NATO Summit at Bucharest 5 The results of the Riga Summit 6 The UK’s priorities at Bucharest 8 Our inquiry 9 2 NATO’s role and relevance in the 21st Century 11 The Bucharest Summit and the role of the Alliance 11 The evolution of NATO’s role and purpose 11 The end of the Cold War and its implications for NATO 12 St Malo and the origins of ESDP 14 The impact of September 11 and the war in Iraq 15 A global versus a regional role 16 Uncertainty about the current role and purpose of NATO 17 The need for a new Strategic Concept 19 NATO and the United States 24 NATO and the UK’s national interests 26 3 Afghanistan and the future of NATO 28 Afghanistan and the Bucharest Summit 28 The NATO mission in Afghanistan 30 ISAF troop numbers and structure 30 The purpose of the ISAF mission 31 Force generation in Afghanistan 33 National caveats 37 Afghanistan and the future of Alliance military transformation 41 4 NATO capabilities 43 NATO capabilities and the Bucharest Summit 43 The development of NATO capabilities 43 NATO’s principal capability shortfalls 46 Political will and Alliance capabilities 47 The NATO Response Force 49 The role of Allied Command Transformation 52 Defence spending and the future of NATO 53 5 NATO enlargement 59 Enlargement and the Bucharest Summit 59 Previous enlargements 60 The prospects for further enlargement 61 Albania, Croatia and Macedonia 63 Georgia 63 2 The future of NATO and European defence Ukraine 66 The future of the Alliance’s open door policy 67 NATO Partnerships 68 6 NATO and the European Security and Defence Policy 71 The development of the European Security and Defence Policy 71 The European Security Strategy 71 EU operations 72 Capability development 74 EU Battlegroups 75 The European Defence Agency 78 The relationship between NATO and the EU 81 The Lisbon Treaty and the future of NATO and European defence 86 The implications of permanent structured co-operation 86 The implications of the Lisbon Treaty for NATO 88 Conclusions and recommendations 91 Annex A: List of abbreviations 101 Annex B: Committee visits 104 Annex C: NATO members and partner countries 108 Annex D: Defence spending by NATO and EU member states 110 Annex E: Text of the North Atlantic Treaty, 4 April 1949 111 Formal minutes 114 Witnesses 121 List of written evidence 121 List of Reports from the Committee during the current Parliament 123 The future of NATO and European defence 3 Summary NATO’s achievements over the past sixty years in ensuring the stability and prosperity of Europe are remarkable. But the NATO Summit at Bucharest in April 2008 takes place at a time when the Alliance’s reputation and credibility are being questioned in relation to Afghanistan. NATO’s command of the multinational International Security Assistance Forces (ISAF) mission has become a key test of the Alliance’s capacity to adjust to the demands of today’s security environment.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Passion for Cycling Tourism
    TUSCANY if not HERE, where? PASSION FOR CYCLING TOURISM Tuscany offers you • Unique landscapes and climate • A journey into history and art: from Etruscans to Renaissance down to the present day • An extensive network of cycle paths, unpaved and paved roads with hardly any traffic • Unforgettable cuisine, superb wines and much more ... if not HERE, where? Tuscany is the ideal place for a relaxing cycling holiday: the routes are endless, from the paved roads of Chianti to trails through the forests of the Apennines and the Apuan Alps, from the coast to the historic routes and the eco-paths in nature photo: Enrico Borgogni reserves and through the Val d’Orcia. This guide has been designed to be an excellent travel companion as you ride from one valley, bike trail or cultural site to another, sometimes using the train, all according to the experiences reported by other cyclists. But that’s not all: in the guide you will find tips on where to eat and suggestions for exploring the various areas without overlooking small gems or important sites, with the added benefit of taking advantage of special conditions reserved for the owners of this guide. Therefore, this book is suitable not only for families and those who like easy routes, but can also be helpful to those who want to plan multiple-day excursions with higher levels of difficulty or across uscanyT for longer tours The suggested itineraries are only a part of the rich cycling opportunities that make Tuscany one of the paradises for this kind of activity, and have been selected giving priority to low-traffic roads, white roads or paths always in close contact with nature, trying to reach and show some of our region’s most interesting destinations.
    [Show full text]
  • 19 International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors
    19th International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors Program version 1.24 - British Summer Time 1 Date Time Session Monday 19 July 14:00 - 14:15 Introduction and Welcome 14:15 - 15:15 Oral O1: Devices 1 15:15 - 15:25 Break 15:25 - 16:55 Oral O1: Devices 1 (continued) 16:55 - 17:05 Break 17:05 - 18:00 Poster P1: MKIDs and TESs 1 Tuesday 20 July 14:00 - 15:15 Oral O2: Cold Readout 15:15 - 15:25 Break 15:25 - 16:55 Oral O2: Cold Readout (continued) 16:55 - 17:05 Break 17:05 - 18:30 Poster P2: Readout, Other Devices, Supporting Science 1 20:00 - 21:00 Virtual Tour of NIST Quantum Sensor Group Labs Wednesday 21 July 14:00 - 15:15 Oral O3: Instruments 15:15 - 15:25 Break 15:25 - 16:55 Oral O3: Instruments (continued) 16:55 - 17:05 Break 17:05 - 18:30 Poster P3: Instruments, Astrophysics and Cosmology 1 18:00 - 19:00 Vendor Exhibitor Hour Thursday 22 July 14:00 - 15:15 Oral O4A: Rare Events 1 Oral O4B: Material Analysis, Metrology, Other 15:15 - 15:25 Break 15:25 - 16:55 Oral O4A: Rare Events 1 (continued) Oral O4B: Material Analysis, Metrology, Other (continued) 16:55 - 17:05 Break 17:05 - 18:30 Poster P4: Rare Events, Materials Analysis, Metrology, Other Applications 20:00 - 21:00 Virtual Tour of NIST Cleanoom Monday 26 July 23:00 - 00:15 Oral O5: Devices 2 00:15 - 00:25 Break 00:25 - 01:55 Oral O5: Devices 2 (continued) 01:55 - 02:05 Break 02:05 - 03:30 Poster P5: MMCs, SNSPDs, more TESs Tuesday 27 July 23:00 - 00:15 Oral O6: Warm Readout and Supporting Science 00:15 - 00:25 Break 00:25 - 01:55 Oral O6: Warm Readout and Supporting Science
    [Show full text]
  • Transience10
    a publication of ADVENTURE CYCLING ASSOCIATION AN EPIC ACT OF TRANSIENCE10 $6.95 OCT/NOV 2019 Vol.46 No.8 STACK LONG DAYS. CLIMB LIKE A MOUNTAIN GOAT. Saddle, back, neck and wrist pain no longer get a say in your plans. Our patented drive system brings together the best of traditional and recumbent touring bikes so you don’t have to sacrifice performance for comfort. But we should warn you, your cheeks may hurt from smiling. Adventure Cyclist readers get $100 off the Cruzbike of their choice Use code: ADVENTURE at C ruzbike.com Letter from the Editor online WHAT YEAR IS IT AGAIN? Revolution, evolution, and the march of progress PHOTO CONTEST OPEN NOW ➺I recently found myself standing on a quiet main ’Tis the season for submitting street in front of a small-town Montana theater. I’d your best images to the 11th been on the road for a while and small towns can start Annual Bicycle Travel Photo to look the same, but when I looked up at the marquee Contest. Winning images are published in the May 2020 and saw “Lion King,” for a moment I was sure of EDGERTONADAM neither where I was nor when. Adventure Cyclist, plus these Depending on the level of charity you’re inclined shots appear in our annual to employ, there are either no more ideas left, or we calendar. Send us your best simply evolve the same core idea over and over to at adventurecycling.org/ reintroduce it to new generations. I was certainly thinking about the photcontest now through spectrum of “invention” as I read Bob Marr’s story on page 20 about turn- November 30.
    [Show full text]
  • Land Forces Modernisation Projects 8 2.1 Denmark’S Defence Agreement 2018-2023 9 2.2 Hungary’S Zrinyi 2026 10 2.3 the United Kingdom’S to the Future and Beyond
    Food for thought 03-2021 Land Forces Modernisation Challenges of Transformation Written by Miguel Gonzalez Buitrago Lucia Santabarbara AN EXPERTISE FORUM CONTRIBUTING TO EUROPEAN CONTRIBUTING TO FORUM AN EXPERTISE SINCE 1953 ARMIES INTEROPERABILITY European Army Interoperability Center Simone Rinaldi This paper was drawn up by Miguel Gonzalez Buitrago, Lucia Santabarbara and Sim- one Rinaldi under the supervision and guidance of Mr Mario Blokken, Director of the Permanent Secretariat. This Food for Thought paper is a document that gives an initial reflection on the theme. The content is not reflecting the positions of the member states but consists of elements that can initiate and feed the discussions and analyses in the domain of the theme. All our studies are available on www.finabel.org TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction 3 Chapter 1: Military Doctrine and Warfare Scenarios 3 1.1 Unconventional Warfare 4 1.2 Asymmetric Warfare 6 1.3 Hybrid Warfare 7 Chapter 2: Land Forces Modernisation Projects 8 2.1 Denmark’s Defence Agreement 2018-2023 9 2.2 Hungary’s Zrinyi 2026 10 2.3 The United Kingdom’s to the Future and Beyond. 11 2.4 Greece’s Future Force Structure 2013-2027 12 2.5 Finland’s Total Defence 14 Chapter 3: Cutting edge technology: “Looking at the near future.” 15 3.1 Drones and Jammers 17 3.2 Drone Swarms 19 3.3 Hypersonic Weaponry 19 Chapter 4: Modernisation of Military Training 20 Conclusions 22 Bibliography 23 2 INTRODUCTION Land Force Modernisation is a process that omous systems. These may shape the nature entails changes of military equipment and ca- of conflict and facilitate ground forces oper- pacities at the strategic, operational, and tac- ations in challenging contexts.
    [Show full text]
  • Albania: Military Review 2012
    TRAINING AND DOCTRINE COMMAND MILITARY REVIEW Security and Defence Review Training and Doctrine Command Third Edition, June 2012 Tirana, June 2012 ‐ 1 ‐ Board of Military Review Publication Approved by the Order of the Minister of Defense No. 1538, dated 18/08/2010 Board Chair B.G. Prof. Asc. Dr. Agim Lala Members Col.(R) Thimi Hudhra Col. Perikli Koliçi M.G. (R) Prof. Dr. Ruzhdi Gjatoja M.G. (R) Prof. Dr. Kostaq Karoli Editor in chief Pano Hallko Editor Silvana Markgjonaj Operator Lindita Kuçana Art design Teuta Mullisi ISSN 2227-8133 (Print), ISSN 2227-8141 (Online) Copyright © 2012 All rights reserved. The Center for Defence Analyses (CDA) of the Albanian Training and Doctrine Command. The views and opinions expressed in this Military Review are of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official policies or positions of the Ministry of Defence, General Staff and Training and Doctrine Command. The authors of Military Review articles will not be subject to punishment for free expression of individual views and positions even if they are not in line with the official positions of the defence institution. The authors are also responsible for any slander actions, distortions of facts, offense and plagiarism aspects to the creativity and thoughts of other authors. This edition of Military Review is found on the website http://www.tradoc.mil.al/ In case you can not get the information you need on the Internet, please apply for a copy at the electronic address: e-mail: [email protected] or [email protected] Training and Doctrine Command Center for Defence Analyses Research Publications Branch Printed: June 2012 ‐ 2 ‐ TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION_____________________________________________________________5 On the Process Strategy of “Smart Defence”________________________________________6 Address by Albanian Minister of Defence Mr.
    [Show full text]
  • Prospettive Della Sicurezza in Europa
    Ricerca CeMiSS 2008 Prospettive della sicurezza in Europa Direttore Dottor Andrea Grazioso I INDICE Sintesi I Executive Summary IV Introduzione 1 I Trattati e gli Accordi di limitazione degli armamenti e di disarmo 7 Le formazioni multinazionali euro-atlantiche 22 Scenari di confronto 31 Conclusioni 57 Annessi Evoluzione degli apparati militari 65 Spesa militare 120 II Sintesi In questo studio si tenta di individuare alcuni dei più probabili elementi di minaccia alla sicurezza dei Paesi del Continente europeo, sulla base dei trend in atto. Per questo esercizio si è necessariamente dovuto restringere il campo dell’analisi, ed in particolare si è deciso di far riferimento ad un concetto di sicurezza “forte”, quella “ hard security ” che viene convenzionalmente associata alla sicurezza “militare”. Si tratta di una scelta consapevolmente “contro-corrente”, giacché da molti anni ormai sembra essere prediletta l’analisi di un più largo spettro di minacce, e quindi un concetto più allargato di sicurezza. Si è invece ritenuto opportuno tornare a ragionare attorno al problema della “ hard security ”, o della “difesa” in senso tradizionale, perché negli ultimi anni si sono sostanzialmente modificate alcune delle condizioni che avevano permesso di “mettere in naftalina” le idee più tradizionali, associate al periodo della Guerra Fredda. La NATO, e parallelamente la dimensione di sicurezza e difesa dell’Unione Europea, sono cambiate sostanzialmente negli ultimi quindici anni, riorientando la loro finalità sempre più verso la proiezione di stabilità al di fuori del Continente europeo, o dell’area euro-atlantica. La postura militare dei Paesi europei è sostanzialmente cambiata, soprattutto attraverso la riduzione degli apparati militari e la costituzione di un crescente numero di Forze multinazionali.
    [Show full text]
  • Globsec Nato Adaptation Initiative
    GLOBSEC NATO ADAPTATION INITIATIVE ONE ALLIANCE The Future Tasks of the Adapted Alliance www.globsec.org 2 GLOBSEC NATO ADAPTATION INITIATIVE GLOBSEC NATO ADAPTATION INITIATIVE ONE ALLIANCE The Future Tasks of the Adapted Alliance PRESENTATION FOLDER: COLLECTION OF PAPERS ONE ALLIANCE THE FUTURE TASKS OF THE ADAPTED ALLIANCE The GLOBSEC NATO Adaptation Initiative, led by General (Retd.) John R. Allen, is GLOBSEC’s foremost contribution to debates about the future of the Alliance. Given the substantial changes within the global security environment, GLOBSEC has undertaken a year-long project, following its annual Spring conference and the July NATO Summit in Warsaw, to explore challenges faced by the Alliance in adapting to a very different strategic environment than that of any time since the end of the Cold War. The Initiative integrates policy expertise, institutional knowledge, intellectual rigour and industrial perspectives. It ultimately seeks to provide innovative and thoughtful solutions for the leaders of the Alliance to make NATO more a resilient, responsive and efficient anchor of transatlantic stability. The policy papers published within the GLOBSEC NATO Adaptation Initiative are authored by the Initiative’s Steering Committee members: General (Retd.) John R. Allen, Admiral (Retd.) Giampaolo di Paola, General (Retd.) Wolf Langheld, Professor Julian Lindley-French, Ambassador (Retd.) Tomáš Valášek, Ambassador (Retd.) Alexander Vershbow and other acclaimed authorities from the field of global security and strategy. 4 GLOBSEC NATO ADAPTATION INITIATIVE CREDITS CREDITS GLOBSEC NATO Adaptation Initiative Steering Committee General (Retd.) John R. Allen1, Professor Dr Julian Lindley-French, Admiral (Retd.) Giampaolo Di Paola, General (Retd.) Wolf Langheld, Ambassador (Retd.) Tomáš Valášek, Ambassador (Retd.) Alexander Vershbow Observers and Advisors General (Retd.) Knud Bartels, James Townsend, Dr Michael E.
    [Show full text]
  • Instruction Manual
    DCP551 Mark ΙΙ Digital Control Programmer User’s Manual EN1I-6186 Issue 11 (11/06) WARRANTY The Honeywell device described herein has been manufactured and tested for corrent operation and is warranted for a period of one year. TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE If you encounter a problem with your unit, please review all the configuration data to verify that your selections are consistent with your application; (i.e. Inputs, Outputs, Alarms, Limits, etc.). If the problem persists after checking the above parameters, you can get technical assistance by calling the following: In the U.S.A. •••••••••••••1-800-423-9883 In Europe ••••••••••••••••Your local branch office Safety Precautions ■ About Symbols Safety precautions are for ensuring safe and correct use of this product, and for pre- venting injury to the operator and other people or damage to property. You must observe these safety precautions, which are indicated by various symbols in this manual. Read the safety precautions first and make sure you understand them before you read the rest of the manual. WARNING Warnings indicate a situation which, if not avoided, could result in death or serious injury. CAUTION Cautions indicate a situation which, if not avoided or handled correctly, may result in injury or property damage. ■ Example of Symbols Equilateral triangles alert the user to a possible danger “WARNING” or “CAUTION” that may be caused by wrongful operation or misuse of this product. The symbol inside the triangle graphically represent the actual danger. (The example on the left warns the user of the danger of electric White circles with a 45° slash angled downward from upper left to lower right notifies the user that specific actions are prohibited to prevent possible danger.
    [Show full text]
  • Moravian Geographical Reports
    MORAVIAN GEOGRAPHICAL REPORTS VOLUME 17 NUMBER ISSN 1210 - 8812 2 2009 2: View on Černé jezero Lake from edge of the cirque headwall (Photo K. Vočadlová) 2: View Fig. and M. Křížek Illustration related to the paper by K. Vočadlová Fig. 2: Pavlov municipality (with four wind turbines in the background) Fig. 2: Wind park in Horní Loděnice – Lipina (Photo: Martin Hanus) Illustration related to the paper by S. Cetkovský and E. Nováková Fig. 3: Drahany municipality with the nearest wind turbine Illustrations related to the paper by B. Frantál and P. Kučera Fig. 3: View on Čertovo jezero Lake (Photo: K. Kirchner) Illustration related to the paper by K. Vočadlová and M. Křížek Vol. 17, 2/2009 MORAVIAN GEOGRAPHICAL REPORTS MORAVIAN GEOGRAPHICAL REPORTS EDITORIAL BOARD Articles: Bryn GREER-WOOTTEN, York University, Toronto Jana ZAPLETALOVÁ Andrzej T. JANKOWSKI, Silesian University, Sosnowiec EDITORIAL ..................................................................... 2 Karel KIRCHNER, Institute of Geonics, Brno Petr KONEČNÝ, Institute of Geonics, Ostrava Klára VOČADLOVÁ, Marek KŘÍŽEK Ivan KUPČÍK, Univesity of Munich Sebastian LENTZ, Leibniz Institute for Regional COMPARISON OF GLACIAL RELIEF LANDFORMS AND THE FACTORS WHICH DETERMINE Geography, Leipzig GLACIATION IN THE SURROUNDINGS OF ČERNÉ Petr MARTINEC, Institute of Geonics, Ostrava JEZERO LAKE AND ČERTOVO JEZERO LAKE Jozef MLÁDEK, Comenius University, Bratislava (ŠUMAVA MTS., CZECH REPUBLIC) .......................... 3 Jan MUNZAR, Institute of Geonics, Brno (Srovnání glaciálních forem reliéfu v okolí Černého Philip OGDEN, Queen Mary University, London a Čertova jezera na Šumavě (Česká republika)) Metka ŠPES, University of Ljubljana Milan TRIZNA, Comenius University, Bratislava Eva KALLABOVÁ, Veronika ZEMANOVÁ, Josef NAVRÁTIL Pavel TRNKA, Mendel University, Brno CYCLE TRANSPORT IN CITIES – BEST PRACTICES Antonín VAISHAR, Institute of Geonics, Brno IN WESTERN EUROPE COMPARED TO THE Miroslav VYSOUDIL, Palacký University, Olomouc SITUATION IN BRNO (CZECH REPUBLIC) ...........
    [Show full text]
  • The Archaeological Sites of the Island of Meroe
    The Archaeological Sites of The Island of Meroe Nomination File: World Heritage Centre January 2010 The Republic of the Sudan National Corporation for Antiquities and Museums 0 The Archaeological Sites of the Island of Meroe Nomination File: World Heritage Centre January 2010 The Republic of the Sudan National Corporation for Antiquities and Museums Preparers: - Dr Salah Mohamed Ahmed - Dr Derek Welsby Preparer (Consultant) Pr. Henry Cleere Team of the “Draft” Management Plan Dr Paul Bidwell Dr. Nick Hodgson Mr. Terry Frain Dr. David Sherlock Management Plan Dr. Sami el-Masri Topographical Work Dr. Mario Santana Quintero Miss Sarah Seranno 1 Contents Executive Summary…………………………………………………………………. 5 1- Identification of the Property………………………………………………… 8 1. a State Party……………………………………………………………………… 8 1. b State, Province, or Region……………………………………………………… 8 1. c Name of Property………………………………………………………………. 8 1. d Geographical coordinates………………………………………………………. 8 1. e Maps and plans showing the boundaries of the nominated site(s) and buffer 9 zones…………………………………………………………………………………… 1. f. Area of nominated properties and proposed buffer zones…………………….. 29 2- Description…………………………………………………………………………. 30 2. a. 1 Description of the nominated properties………………………………........... 30 2. a. 1 General introduction…………………………………………………… 30 2. a. 2 Kushite utilization of the Keraba and Western Boutana……………… 32 2. a. 3 Meroe…………………………………………………………………… 33 2. a. 4 Musawwarat es-Sufra…………………………………………………… 43 2. a. 5 Naqa…………………………………………………………………..... 47 2. b History and development………………………………………………………. 51 2. b. 1 A brief history of the Sudan……………………………………………. 51 2. b. 2 The Kushite civilization and the Island of Meroe……………………… 52 3- Justification for inscription………………………………………………………… 54 …3. a. 1 Proposed statement of outstanding universal value …………………… 54 3. a. 2 Criteria under which inscription is proposed (and justification for 54 inscription under these criteria)………………………………………………………… ..3.
    [Show full text]
  • Aktualisieren Rowerem Z Danii Do Krajów Nadbałtyckich
    Dänemark Oldenburg in Holstein Insel Poel (Rundweg ca. 27 km) Saal Das ehemalige Zisterzienserkloster Hilda Überreste der gotischen Stadtmauer und Dania wowa budowla jest jednym z najstarszych 47 m zwieńczona jest ośmiobocznym heł- wyburzeniu wieży zachodniej, wybudowa- Kemnitz Szwecji i Norwegii, który spędził w nim Die St.-Johannis-Kirche (Dom) wurde Die romanisch-gotische Dorfkirche in Mit der Errichtung der Dorfkirche (später Eldena) wurde um 1200 gegründet. diente als Klosterkirche der seit 1277 hier ceglanych kościołów Europy Północnej i mem nazywanym »biskupią czapką«, jest no zachodnie przęsło z oknami zakończony- Kościół św. Krzyża to sześcioprzęsło- schyłek swojego życia w latach 1449–59. 9 14 21 30 Haderslev 1156–1160 vom letzten Oldenburger Kirchdorf wurde im 13. Jh. errichtet. wurde um 1300 begonnen. Der back- Bis ca. 1245 entstanden die ältesten erhal- ansässigen Zisterzienserinnen. Ein weiterer Haderslev znaczącym przedstawicielem ceglanych romańska. Wnętrze kryje m.in. dwa cenne mi okrągłymi łukami. Inwentarz kościoła wa prostokątna budowla z prostym Najważniejszą sakralną budowlą miasta Wenn Sie mit einem Segelboot Ihre Bischof Gerold als romanische Basilika Später im 13. und 14. Jh. folgten mehrere steingotische Hallenbau weist am ehem. tenen Bauteile der Kloster kirche. Nach backsteingotischer Anziehungspunkt ist Jeśli chcą Państwo rozpocząć swój rajd romańskich budowli. Wyposażenie wnętrza skrzydłowe ołtarze (pocz. XV w. I 1500 r.). jest w znacznej mierze barokowy. Jedynie zwieńczeniem chóru z XIV w. Godny uwa- jest Kościół Mariacki (XIV w.), ogromna 1 Radtour beginnen möchten, können 1 erbaut. Der dreischiffige Bau ist eine der Umbauten. Im 19. Jh. kam die Südvorhalle Chorportal sowie am Nordportal reiche Plünderungen im Dreißig jährigen Krieg u.
    [Show full text]
  • TOWARDS a WESTERN BALKANS BATTLEGROUP Policy Paper
    1 policy Belgrade Centre for Security Policy paper TOWARDSA WESTERN BALKANS BATTLEGROUP A Vision of Serbia's Defence Integration into the EU 2010–2020. Filip Ejdus – Marko Savković – Nataša Dragojlović Abstract The aim of this policy vision is to offer arguments for Serbia's proactive integration into the EU's Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP) through the implementation of the Battlegroup concept in the period running up to 2020. In the following text, we will first present a short overview of the CSDP and the concept of EU Battlegroups. Next, we explain why it is in the interest of the Republic of Serbia to participate in EU Battlegroups as soon as possible.Special attention is directed to arguments which explain why the creation of a Western Balkans Battlegroup before 2020 is in the interest not only of Serbia and her neighbours, but also of the EU as a whole. Finally, a four-phase model for the inclusion of Serbia into an EU Battlegroup is presented. The model encompasses (1) a preparation and observation phase (2010-2012),(2) an adaptation phase (2013-2015), (3) a phase of advance participation, planning and preparation (2016–2018) and (4) a phase of development of initial operational capability and the formation of the Western Balkans Battlegroup (2018–2020). May 2010. TOWARDS A WESTERN BALKANS BATTLEGROUP policy paper This document is the result of the School for European Security (Škole za evropsku bezbednost) held during 2008-9 as part of the project Communicating European Security Policies. The Centre realised this project with the help of the European Union and the support of the Fund for EU Integration.
    [Show full text]