Lymph and Lymphatic Vessels
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Chapter 20 *Lecture Powerpoint the Circulatory System: Blood Vessels and Circulation
Chapter 20 *Lecture PowerPoint The Circulatory System: Blood Vessels and Circulation *See separate FlexArt PowerPoint slides for all figures and tables preinserted into PowerPoint without notes. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Introduction • The route taken by the blood after it leaves the heart was a point of much confusion for many centuries – Chinese emperor Huang Ti (2697–2597 BC) believed that blood flowed in a complete circuit around the body and back to the heart – Roman physician Galen (129–c. 199) thought blood flowed back and forth like air; the liver created blood out of nutrients and organs consumed it – English physician William Harvey (1578–1657) did experimentation on circulation in snakes; birth of experimental physiology – After microscope was invented, blood and capillaries were discovered by van Leeuwenhoek and Malpighi 20-2 General Anatomy of the Blood Vessels • Expected Learning Outcomes – Describe the structure of a blood vessel. – Describe the different types of arteries, capillaries, and veins. – Trace the general route usually taken by the blood from the heart and back again. – Describe some variations on this route. 20-3 General Anatomy of the Blood Vessels Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Capillaries Artery: Tunica interna Tunica media Tunica externa Nerve Vein Figure 20.1a (a) 1 mm © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc./Dennis Strete, photographer • Arteries carry blood away from heart • Veins -
Heart Vein Artery
1 PRE-LAB EXERCISES Open the Atlas app. From the Views menu, go to System Views and scroll down to Circulatory System Views. You are responsible for the identification of all bold terms. A. Circulatory System Overview In the Circulatory System Views section, select View 1. Circulatory System. The skeletal system is included in this view. Note that blood vessels travel throughout the entire body. Heart Artery Vein 2 Brachiocephalic trunk Pulmonary circulation Pericardium 1. Where would you find the blood vessels with the largest diameter? 2. Select a few vessels in the leg and read their names. The large blue-colored vessels are _______________________________ and the large red-colored vessels are_______________________________. 3. In the system tray on the left side of the screen, deselect the skeletal system icon to remove the skeletal system structures from the view. The largest arteries and veins are all connected to the _______________________________. 4. Select the heart to highlight the pericardium. Use the Hide button in the content box to hide the pericardium from the view and observe the heart muscle and the vasculature of the heart. 3 a. What is the largest artery that supplies the heart? b. What are the two large, blue-colored veins that enter the right side of the heart? c. What is the large, red-colored artery that exits from the top of the heart? 5. Select any of the purple-colored branching vessels inside the rib cage and use the arrow in the content box to find and choose Pulmonary circulation from the hierarchy list. This will highlight the circulatory route that takes deoxygenated blood to the lungs and returns oxygenated blood back to the heart. -
Salvage Cisterna Chyli and Thoracic Duct Glue Embolization in 2 Dogs with Recurrent Idiopathic Chylothorax
Case Report J Vet Intern Med 2014;28:672–677 Salvage Cisterna Chyli and Thoracic Duct Glue Embolization in 2 Dogs with Recurrent Idiopathic Chylothorax D.C. Clendaniel, C. Weisse, W.T.N. Culp, A. Berent, and J.A. Solomon Key words: Chylous; Fluoroscopy; Interventional Radiology; Pleural Effusion; Thoracocentesis. Case Report Abbreviations: Case 1 PO administered by mouth 4-year-old male castrated English Mastiff weigh- PRN administered as needed Aing 72 kg (158 lb) was evaluated for acute dysp- nea after a 1-week history of restlessness, episodes of increased respiratory effort, and inappetance. The dog The sample was too lipemic to obtain an accurate total was otherwise healthy and received seasonal heart- protein concentration. No microorganisms or atypical worm preventative medication and routine vaccina- cells were identified. Comparison of the fluid triglycer- tions. ide concentration with the serum triglyceride concen- On initial examination, the dog was bright, alert, tration (57 mg/dL; reference interval 50–150 mg/dL), responsive, and had a body condition score of 5/9. combined with cytologic findings, was consistent with The body temperature was 101.8°F (38.7°C), and the chylous effusion. heart rate was 150 beats/min. There was an increased Thoracic radiography revealed a small hyperlucent respiratory effort during both inspiration and expira- region in the caudodorsal thorax, suggesting mild tion with an abdominal component. Thoracic ausculta- pneumothorax presumably secondary to recent tho- tion revealed decreased lung sounds in the ventral lung racocentesis. No evidence of valvular or myocardial fields. Heart sounds were of normal rhythm, but muf- disease was observed during echocardiogram evalua- fled. -
29 Assessing the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems
29 Assessing the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems LEARNING OUTCOMES 1. Describe the anatomy, physiology, and functions of the 5. Explain techniques used to assess cardiovascular and cardiovascular and lymphatic systems. lymphatic structure and function. 2. Describe normal variations in cardiovascular assessment 6. Identify manifestations of impaired cardiovascular structure findings for the older adult. and functions. 3. Give examples of genetic disorders of the cardiovascular system. 4. Identify specific topics for consideration during a health history assessment interview of the patient with cardiovascu- lar or lymphatic disorders. CLINICAL COMPETENCIES 1. Complete a health history for patients having alterations in 3. Assess an ECG strip and identify normal rhythm and cardiac the structure and functions of the cardiovascular or lymphatic events and abnormal cardiac rhythm. systems. 4. Monitor the results of diagnostic tests and communicate 2. Conduct and document a physical assessment of cardiovas- abnormal findings within the interprofessional team. cular and lymphatic status. MAJOR CHAPTER CONCEPTS • Correct structure and function of the cardiovascular and • Manifestations of dysfunction, injury, and disorders affecting lymphatic systems are vital to the transport of oxygen and the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems may be detected carbon dioxide throughout the body and for the return of during a general health assessment as well as during focused excess tissue fluids back to the bloodstream. cardiovascular and lymphatic system -
Venous and Lymphatic Vessels. ANATOM.UA PART 1
Lection: Venous and lymphatic vessels. ANATOM.UA PART 1 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/ Ch. 1 Anatomia generalis PART 2 – SYSTEMATA MUSCULOSKELETALIA Ch. 2 Ossa Ch. 3 Juncturae Ch. 4 Musculi PART 3 – SYSTEMATA VISCERALIA Ch. 5 Systema digestorium Ch. 6 Systema respiratorium Ch. 7 Cavitas thoracis Ch. 8 Systema urinarium Ch. 9 Systemata genitalia Ch. 10 Cavitas abdominopelvica PART 4 – SYSTEMATA INTEGRANTIA I Ch. 11 Glandulae endocrinae Ch. 12 Systema cardiovasculare Ch. 13 Organa lymphoidea PART 5 – SYSTEMATA INTEGRANTIA II Ch. 14 Systema nervosum Ch. 15 Organa sensuum Ch. 16 Integumentum commune ANATOM.UA ANATOM.UA Cardiovascular system (systema cardiovasculare) consists of the heart and the tubes, that are used for transporting the liquid with special functions – the blood or lymph, that are necessary for supplying the cells with nutritional substances and the oxygen. ANATOM.UA 5 Veins Veins are blood vessels that bring blood back to theheart. All veins carry deoxygenatedblood with the exception of thepulmonary veins and umbilical veins There are two types of veins: Superficial veins: close to the surface of thebody NO corresponding arteries Deep veins: found deeper in the body With corresponding arteries Veins of the systemiccirculation: Superior and inferior vena cava with their tributaries Veins of the portal circulation: Portal vein ANATOM.UA Superior Vena Cava Formed by the union of the right and left Brachiocephalic veins. Brachiocephalic veins are formed by the union of internal jugular and subclavianveins. Drains venous blood from: Head &neck Thoracic wall Upper limbs It Passes downward and enter the rightatrium. Receives azygos vein on the posterior aspect just before it enters theheart. -
Molecular Signatures of Tissue-Specific
Developmental Cell Resource Molecular Signatures of Tissue-Specific Microvascular Endothelial Cell Heterogeneity in Organ Maintenance and Regeneration Daniel J. Nolan,1,6 Michael Ginsberg,1,6 Edo Israely,1 Brisa Palikuqi,1 Michael G. Poulos,1 Daylon James,1 Bi-Sen Ding,1 William Schachterle,1 Ying Liu,1 Zev Rosenwaks,2 Jason M. Butler,1 Jenny Xiang,4 Arash Rafii,1,7 Koji Shido,1 Sina Y. Rabbany,1,8 Olivier Elemento,3 and Shahin Rafii1,5,* 1Department of Genetic Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute 2Ronald O. Perelman and Claudia Cohen Center for Reproductive Medicine 3HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine 4Genomics Resource Core Facility Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA 5Ansary Stem Cell Institute, New York, NY 10065, USA 6Angiocrine Bioscience, New York, NY 10065, USA 7Weill Cornell Medical College-Qatar, Stem Cell and Microenvironment Laboratory, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar 8Bioengineering Program, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY 11549, USA *Correspondence: srafi[email protected] http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.devcel.2013.06.017 SUMMARY been appreciated. Capillary ECs of the blood brain barrier (BBB) form a restrictive environment for passage between the Microvascular endothelial cells (ECs) within different brain tissue and the circulating blood. Many of the trafficking pro- tissues are endowed with distinct but as yet unrecog- cesses that are passive in other vascular beds are tightly nized structural, phenotypic, and functional attri- controlled in the brain (Rubin and Staddon, 1999). As opposed butes. We devised EC purification, cultivation, to the BBB, the capillary ECs of the kidney glomeruli are fenes- profiling, and transplantation models that establish trated for the filtration of the blood (Churg and Grishman, tissue-specific molecular libraries of ECs devoid of 1975). -
Pelvic Anatomyanatomy
PelvicPelvic AnatomyAnatomy RobertRobert E.E. Gutman,Gutman, MDMD ObjectivesObjectives UnderstandUnderstand pelvicpelvic anatomyanatomy Organs and structures of the female pelvis Vascular Supply Neurologic supply Pelvic and retroperitoneal contents and spaces Bony structures Connective tissue (fascia, ligaments) Pelvic floor and abdominal musculature DescribeDescribe functionalfunctional anatomyanatomy andand relevantrelevant pathophysiologypathophysiology Pelvic support Urinary continence Fecal continence AbdominalAbdominal WallWall RectusRectus FasciaFascia LayersLayers WhatWhat areare thethe layerslayers ofof thethe rectusrectus fasciafascia AboveAbove thethe arcuatearcuate line?line? BelowBelow thethe arcuatearcuate line?line? MedianMedial umbilicalumbilical fold Lateralligaments umbilical & folds folds BonyBony AnatomyAnatomy andand LigamentsLigaments BonyBony PelvisPelvis TheThe bonybony pelvispelvis isis comprisedcomprised ofof 22 innominateinnominate bones,bones, thethe sacrum,sacrum, andand thethe coccyx.coccyx. WhatWhat 33 piecespieces fusefuse toto makemake thethe InnominateInnominate bone?bone? PubisPubis IschiumIschium IliumIlium ClinicalClinical PelvimetryPelvimetry WhichWhich measurementsmeasurements thatthat cancan bebe mademade onon exam?exam? InletInlet DiagonalDiagonal ConjugateConjugate MidplaneMidplane InterspinousInterspinous diameterdiameter OutletOutlet TransverseTransverse diameterdiameter ((intertuberousintertuberous)) andand APAP diameterdiameter ((symphysissymphysis toto coccyx)coccyx) -
Blood Vessels: Part A
Chapter 19 The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels: Part A Blood Vessels • Delivery system of dynamic structures that begins and ends at heart – Arteries: carry blood away from heart; oxygenated except for pulmonary circulation and umbilical vessels of fetus – Capillaries: contact tissue cells; directly serve cellular needs – Veins: carry blood toward heart Structure of Blood Vessel Walls • Lumen – Central blood-containing space • Three wall layers in arteries and veins – Tunica intima, tunica media, and tunica externa • Capillaries – Endothelium with sparse basal lamina Tunics • Tunica intima – Endothelium lines lumen of all vessels • Continuous with endocardium • Slick surface reduces friction – Subendothelial layer in vessels larger than 1 mm; connective tissue basement membrane Tunics • Tunica media – Smooth muscle and sheets of elastin – Sympathetic vasomotor nerve fibers control vasoconstriction and vasodilation of vessels • Influence blood flow and blood pressure Tunics • Tunica externa (tunica adventitia) – Collagen fibers protect and reinforce; anchor to surrounding structures – Contains nerve fibers, lymphatic vessels – Vasa vasorum of larger vessels nourishes external layer Blood Vessels • Vessels vary in length, diameter, wall thickness, tissue makeup • See figure 19.2 for interaction with lymphatic vessels Arterial System: Elastic Arteries • Large thick-walled arteries with elastin in all three tunics • Aorta and its major branches • Large lumen offers low resistance • Inactive in vasoconstriction • Act as pressure reservoirs—expand -
Lymphatic Dysregulation in Patients with Heart Failure JACC Review Topic of the Week
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY VOL. 78, NO. 1, 2021 ª 2021 BY THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY FOUNDATION PUBLISHED BY ELSEVIER THE PRESENT AND FUTURE JACC REVIEW TOPIC OF THE WEEK Lymphatic Dysregulation in Patients With Heart Failure JACC Review Topic of the Week a,b c d e Marat Fudim, MD, MHS, Husam M. Salah, MD, Janarthanan Sathananthan, MBCHB, MPH, Mathieu Bernier, MD, f g e,h i Waleska Pabon-Ramos, MD, MPH, Robert S. Schwartz, MD, Josep Rodés-Cabau, MD, PHD, François Côté, MD, j d a,b Abubaker Khalifa, MD, Sean A. Virani, MD, MSC, MPH, Manesh R. Patel, MD ABSTRACT The lymphatic system is an integral part of the circulatory system and plays an important role in the volume homeostasis of the human body. The complex anatomy and physiology paired with a lack of simple diagnostic tools to study the lymphatic system have led to an underappreciation of the contribution of the lymphatic system to acute and chronic heart failure (HF). Herein, we discuss the physiological role of the lymphatic system in volume management and the evidence demonstrating the dysregulation of the lymphatic system in HF. Further, we discuss the opportunity to target the lymphatic system in the management of HF and different potential approaches to accessing the lymphatic system. (J Am Coll Cardiol 2021;78:66–76) © 2021 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation. he circulatory system consists of the cardio- lead to interstitial edema with clinical manifestations T vascular system and the lymphatic system. such as extremity and tissue edema, including pulmo- The cardiovascular system is a closed, high- nary edema. -
Vocabulario De Morfoloxía, Anatomía E Citoloxía Veterinaria
Vocabulario de Morfoloxía, anatomía e citoloxía veterinaria (galego-español-inglés) Servizo de Normalización Lingüística Universidade de Santiago de Compostela COLECCIÓN VOCABULARIOS TEMÁTICOS N.º 4 SERVIZO DE NORMALIZACIÓN LINGÜÍSTICA Vocabulario de Morfoloxía, anatomía e citoloxía veterinaria (galego-español-inglés) 2008 UNIVERSIDADE DE SANTIAGO DE COMPOSTELA VOCABULARIO de morfoloxía, anatomía e citoloxía veterinaria : (galego-español- inglés) / coordinador Xusto A. Rodríguez Río, Servizo de Normalización Lingüística ; autores Matilde Lombardero Fernández ... [et al.]. – Santiago de Compostela : Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Servizo de Publicacións e Intercambio Científico, 2008. – 369 p. ; 21 cm. – (Vocabularios temáticos ; 4). - D.L. C 2458-2008. – ISBN 978-84-9887-018-3 1.Medicina �������������������������������������������������������������������������veterinaria-Diccionarios�������������������������������������������������. 2.Galego (Lingua)-Glosarios, vocabularios, etc. políglotas. I.Lombardero Fernández, Matilde. II.Rodríguez Rio, Xusto A. coord. III. Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Servizo de Normalización Lingüística, coord. IV.Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Servizo de Publicacións e Intercambio Científico, ed. V.Serie. 591.4(038)=699=60=20 Coordinador Xusto A. Rodríguez Río (Área de Terminoloxía. Servizo de Normalización Lingüística. Universidade de Santiago de Compostela) Autoras/res Matilde Lombardero Fernández (doutora en Veterinaria e profesora do Departamento de Anatomía e Produción Animal. -
Blood and Lymph Vascular Systems
BLOOD AND LYMPH VASCULAR SYSTEMS BLOOD TRANSFUSIONS Objectives Functions of vessels Layers in vascular walls Classification of vessels Components of vascular walls Control of blood flow in microvasculature Variation in microvasculature Blood barriers Lymphatic system Introduction Multicellular Organisms Need 3 Mechanisms --------------------------------------------------------------- 1. Distribute oxygen, nutrients, and hormones CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM 2. Collect waste 3. Transport waste to excretory organs CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM Cardiovascular System Component function Heart - Produce blood pressure (systole) Elastic arteries - Conduct blood and maintain pressure during diastole Muscular arteries - Distribute blood, maintain pressure Arterioles - Peripheral resistance and distribute blood Capillaries - Exchange nutrients and waste Venules - Collect blood from capillaries (Edema) Veins - Transmit blood to large veins Reservoir Larger veins - receive lymph and return blood to Heart, blood reservoir Cardiovascular System Heart produces blood pressure (systole) ARTERIOLES – PERIPHERAL RESISTANCE Vessels are structurally adapted to physical and metabolic requirements. Vessels are structurally adapted to physical and metabolic requirements. Cardiovascular System Elastic arteries- conduct blood and maintain pressure during diastole Cardiovascular System Muscular Arteries - distribute blood, maintain pressure Arterioles - peripheral resistance and distribute blood Capillaries - exchange nutrients and waste Venules - collect blood from capillaries -
Cancer and Lymphatics: Part I
Cancer And Lymphatics: Part I Jassin M. Jouria, MD Dr. Jassin M. Jouria is a medical doctor, professor of academic medicine, and medical author. He graduated from Ross University School of Medicine and has completed his clinical clerkship training in various teaching hospitals throughout New York, including King’s County Hospital Center and Brookdale Medical Center, among others. Dr. Jouria has passed all USMLE medical board exams, and has served as a test prep tutor and instructor for Kaplan. He has developed several medical courses and curricula for a variety of educational institutions. Dr. Jouria has also served on multiple levels in the academic field including faculty member and Department Chair. Dr. Jouria continues to serves as a Subject Matter Expert for several continuing education organizations covering multiple basic medical sciences. He has also developed several continuing medical education courses covering various topics in clinical medicine. Recently, Dr. Jouria has been contracted by the University of Miami/Jackson Memorial Hospital’s Department of Surgery to develop an e-module training series for trauma patient management. Dr. Jouria is currently authoring an academic textbook on Human Anatomy & Physiology. ABSTRACT In the human body, cells receive nutrition and oxygen from lymph, a fluid that is recirculated through the body via an extensive network of vessels. Upon arriving at one of many nodes found within the body, the lymph is filtered to discern healthy cells from those carrying disease or infection. However, cancer can either develop in the lymph nodes around the body, or it can travel there via the lymphatic vessel network.