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Verbeck, Judson, Ricci & Timothy I

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Verbeck, Judson, Ricci & Timothy I Abstract Giftive Mission Lives: Verbeck, Judson, Ricci & Timothy I Zonia Mitchell In this study, the metaphor of giftive mission is analyzed in terms of its practical application in contexts less receptive to gospel witness, using the theological framework of the Beatitudes as a metric. Giftive is Christ’s way of giving and receiving gifts; giftive mission is a metaphor for Christian mission seen as bearing and receiving gifts in interaction with people of other religious backgrounds. The study looks at the historical record of four missionaries who engaged in giftive mission in resistant settings: Guido Verbeck in Japan, Adoniram Judson in Burma, Matteo Ricci in China, and Bishop Timothy I in the Middle East. The body of the dissertation is divided into four parts: Biblical Basis for Giftive Mission, Literature Review on Gift Giving, Biographical Cases, and Missiological Implications. The study addresses the questions: What was giftive about Verbeck, Judson, Ricci, and Timothy? What do giftive missioners do when the Gift they bring is rejected? Through testing and applying the giftive mission metaphor in the missionaries’ resistant contexts, the aim of the study is to expand our understanding of giftive mission, particularly where reciprocity, or giving and receiving, helps to shape the metaphor into a practical model. For whatever reasons, some cultures do not readily welcome or receive the freely given gift of God’s love through Jesus Christ. This dissertation places laser-focus emphasis on how giftive mission can break down barriers to gospel witness, identifying (1) ways the missionaries gave and received lesser gifts as a way of building positive long-term relationships, and (2) ways they gave themselves through “giftive living”, becoming gifts of grace through their work and interaction with people. An examination of the four missionaries, as seen through the lens of the Beatitudes, revealed evidence of beatitudinal giftiveness across the spectrum, especially in the areas of peacemaking and hungering and thirsting for righteousness. Giftive mission is not the only model suited for the twenty-first century, but it is a good model that can fit especially in resistant areas. In some cultures, the Gift is received: the gospel is shared, the people see its value, accept it, and in turn continue giving the message of the gospel Gift. In resistant cultures, the giftive missioner has gifts to give, receive, and share, in the hope that the indescribable Gift of Jesus Christ will also be joyfully received. Giftive Mission Lives: Verbeck, Judson, Ricci and Timothy I A Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of E. Stanley Jones School of World Mission & Evangelism Asbury Theological Seminary Wilmore, Kentucky Dissertation Committee Dr. Arthur G. McPhee, Mentor Dr. Robert A. Danielson, Reader In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy by Zonia Mitchell March 2020 Copyright © 2020 Zonia Mitchell All rights reserved. iv Table of Contents List of Illustrations ............................................................................................................vii Acknowledgements ..............................................................................................................1 Chapter 1 .............................................................................................................................4 Introduction .........................................................................................................................4 Statement of the Problem .......................................................................................................... 6 Purpose of the Study.................................................................................................................. 6 Significance of the Study ........................................................................................................... 7 Rationale for the Study ............................................................................................................. 7 Research Questions ................................................................................................................. 11 Scope and Limitations ............................................................................................................. 11 Definition of Key Terms .......................................................................................................... 13 Metaphor of Giftive Mission ................................................................................................... 16 Methodology for the Study ..................................................................................................... 20 Chapter 2 ...........................................................................................................................22 Biblical Basis for Giftive Mission .....................................................................................22 Grace as Gift ............................................................................................................................ 24 Beatitudes as a Metric ............................................................................................................. 38 Chapter 3 ...........................................................................................................................59 Literature Review on Gift Giving .....................................................................................59 Anthropological Literature ..................................................................................................... 59 Sociological Literature ............................................................................................................ 64 Missiological Literature .......................................................................................................... 74 Chapter 4 ...........................................................................................................................81 Biographical Cases ...........................................................................................................81 Bishop Timothy I ..................................................................................................................... 81 Matteo Ricci ............................................................................................................................. 95 Adoniram Judson .................................................................................................................. 104 Guido Verbeck ....................................................................................................................... 119 Chapter 5 .........................................................................................................................138 Missiological Implications ..............................................................................................138 Appendices .......................................................................................................................155 v Appendix 2 ............................................................................................................................. 158 New Testament References to mimeomai (imitation) and hupogrammos (example) ....... 158 Mimeomai .......................................................................................................................................... 158 Hupogrammos .................................................................................................................................... 159 Reference List ..................................................................................................................176 vi List of Illustrations Figure 1a. Beatitude Gift Chart: The Beatitudes and Jesus ...............................................53 Figure 1b. Beatitude Gift Chart: Giftive Actions of Jesus .................................................56 Figure 2a. Beatitude Gift Chart: Timothy ..........................................................................82 Figure 2b. Beatitude Gift Chart: Ricci ...............................................................................98 Figure 2c. Beatitude Gift Chart: Judson ..........................................................................107 Figure 2d. Beatitude Gift Chart: Verbeck ........................................................................123 Figure 3. Beatitude Gift Chart: Actions of Giftive Missioners ........................................149 Figure 4a. Guido & Maria Verbeck & Family .................................................................160 Figure 4b. Verbeck with Nagasaki Students ....................................................................161 Figure 4c. Wakasa 1866 (above) and Imperial University Students 1874 (below) .........162 Figure 4d. Jewel of the Order of the Rising Sun..............................................................163 Figure 4e. Passport for Verbeck and Family ...................................................................164 Figure 4f. Monument for Verbeck in Aoyama Cemetery ................................................165 Figure 5. Map of Bishop Timothy I’s Mission Realm .....................................................167 Figure 6a. Matteo Ricci and Xu Guangqi ........................................................................168 Figure 6b. Matteo Ricci 1602 map of the Far East ..........................................................169
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