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Migrations De Transit Dans La Région D'agadez (Sahara Nigérien)
UNIVERSITÉ PARIS 1 PANTHÉON-SORBONNE École doctorale de géographie de Paris U.F.R. de Géographie 2007 UN DÉSERT COSMOPOLITE. MIGRATIONS DE TRANSIT DANS LA RÉGION D’AGADEZ (SAHARA NIGÉRIEN) Thèse pour l’obtention du doctorat en géographie Présentée et soutenue publiquement le 19 décembre 2007 Julien BRACHET Sous la direction de Emmanuel GRÉGOIRE Membres du jury : - Jean-Louis CHALÉARD, Professeur à l’Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (président). - Brigitte BERTONCELLO, Professeur à l’Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille I (rapporteuse). - André BOURGEOT, Anthropologue, Directeur de recherche émérite au CNRS (rapporteur). - Jérôme LOMBARD, Chargé de recherche à l’IRD (examinateur). - Olivier PLIEZ, Chargé de recherche au CNRS (examinateur). - Emmanuel GRÉGOIRE, Directeur de Recherche à l’IRD (directeur). 2 SOMMAIRE SOMMAIRE ................................................................................................................................. 3 REMERCIEMENTS....................................................................................................................... 7 INTRODUCTION GÉNÉRALE............................................................................................. 9 PREMIÈRE PARTIE DES CIRCULATIONS ANCIENNES AUX NOUVELLES LOGIQUES MIGRATOIRES : SAISIR LA TRAME DE LA MOBILITÉ INTERNATIONALE AU SAHARA CENTRAL ............................................................................................................ 33 CHAPITRE I. DES MIGRATIONS SAHÉLO-SAHARIENNES DES INDÉPENDANCES AUX MIGRATIONS TRANSSAHARIENNES -
Algeria–Mali Trade: the Normality of Informality
101137 DEMOCRACY Public Disclosure Authorized AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ERF 21st ANNUAL CONFERENCE March 20-22, 2015 | Gammarth, Tunisia 2015 Public Disclosure Authorized Algeria–Mali Trade: The Normality of Informality Sami Bensassi, Anne Brockmeyer, Public Disclosure Authorized Matthieu Pellerin and Gael Raballand Public Disclosure Authorized Algeria–Mali Trade: The Normality of Informality Sami Bensassi Anne Brockmeyer Mathieu Pellerin Gaël Raballand1 Abstract This paper estimates the volume of informal trade between Algeria and Mali and analyzes its determinants and mechanisms, using a multi-pronged methodology. First, we discuss how subsidy policies and the legal framework create incentives for informal trade across the Sahara. Second, we provide evidence of the importance of informal trade, drawing on satellite images and surveys with informal traders in Mali and Algeria. We estimate that the weekly turnover of informal trade fell from approximately US$ 2 million in 2011 to US$ 0.74 million in 2014, but continues to play a crucial role in the economies of northern Mali and southern Algeria. Profit margins of 20-30% on informal trade contribute to explaining the relative prosperity of northern Mali. We also show that official trade statistics are meaningless in this context, as they capture less than 3% of total trade. Finally, we provide qualitative evidence on informal trade actors and mechanisms for the most frequently traded products. JEL classification codes: F14, H26, J46. Keywords: informal trade, Algeria, Mali, fuel, customs. 1 The authors would like to thank Mehdi Benyagoub for his help on this study, Laurent Layrol for his work on satellite images, Nancy Benjamin and Olivier Walther for their comments and Sabra Ledent for editing. -
Pastoralism and Security in West Africa and the Sahel
Pastoralism and Security in West Africa and the Sahel Towards Peaceful Coexistence UNOWAS STUDY 1 2 Pastoralism and Security in West Africa and the Sahel Towards Peaceful Coexistence UNOWAS STUDY August 2018 3 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS Abbreviations p.8 Chapter 3: THE REPUBLIC OF MALI p.39-48 Acknowledgements p.9 Introduction Foreword p.10 a. Pastoralism and transhumance UNOWAS Mandate p.11 Pastoral Transhumance Methodology and Unit of Analysis of the b. Challenges facing pastoralists Study p.11 A weak state with institutional constraints Executive Summary p.12 Reduced access to pasture and water Introductionp.19 c. Security challenges and the causes and Pastoralism and Transhumance p.21 drivers of conflict Rebellion, terrorism, and the Malian state Chapter 1: BURKINA FASO p.23-30 Communal violence and farmer-herder Introduction conflicts a. Pastoralism, transhumance and d. Conflict prevention and resolution migration Recommendations b. Challenges facing pastoralists Loss of pasture land and blockage of Chapter 4: THE ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF transhumance routes MAURITANIA p.49-57 Political (under-)representation and Introduction passivity a. Pastoralism and transhumance in Climate change and adaptation Mauritania Veterinary services b. Challenges facing pastoralists Education Water scarcity c. Security challenges and the causes and Shortages of pasture and animal feed in the drivers of conflict dry season Farmer-herder relations Challenges relating to cross-border Cattle rustling transhumance: The spread of terrorism to Burkina Faso Mauritania-Mali d. Conflict prevention and resolution Pastoralists and forest guards in Mali Recommendations Mauritania-Senegal c. Security challenges and the causes and Chapter 2: THE REPUBLIC OF GUINEA p.31- drivers of conflict 38 The terrorist threat Introduction Armed robbery a. -
NIGER: Carte Administrative NIGER - Carte Administrative
NIGER - Carte Administrative NIGER: Carte administrative Awbari (Ubari) Madrusah Légende DJANET Tajarhi /" Capital Illizi Murzuq L I B Y E !. Chef lieu de région ! Chef lieu de département Frontières Route Principale Adrar Route secondaire A L G É R I E Fleuve Niger Tamanghasset Lit du lac Tchad Régions Agadez Timbuktu Borkou-Ennedi-Tibesti Diffa BARDAI-ZOUGRA(MIL) Dosso Maradi Niamey ZOUAR TESSALIT Tahoua Assamaka Tillabery Zinder IN GUEZZAM Kidal IFEROUANE DIRKOU ARLIT ! BILMA ! Timbuktu KIDAL GOUGARAM FACHI DANNAT TIMIA M A L I 0 100 200 300 kms TABELOT TCHIROZERINE N I G E R ! Map Doc Name: AGADEZ OCHA_SitMap_Niger !. GLIDE Number: 16032013 TASSARA INGALL Creation Date: 31 Août 2013 Projection/Datum: GCS/WGS 84 Gao Web Resources: www.unocha..org/niger GAO Nominal Scale at A3 paper size: 1: 5 000 000 TILLIA TCHINTABARADEN MENAKA ! Map data source(s): Timbuktu TAMAYA RENACOM, ARC, OCHA Niger ADARBISNAT ABALAK Disclaimers: KAOU ! TENIHIYA The designations employed and the presentation of material AKOUBOUNOU N'GOURTI I T C H A D on this map do not imply the expression of any opinion BERMO INATES TAKANAMATAFFALABARMOU TASKER whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations BANIBANGOU AZEY GADABEDJI TANOUT concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area ABALA MAIDAGI TAHOUA Mopti ! or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its YATAKALA SANAM TEBARAM !. Kanem WANZERBE AYOROU BAMBAYE KEITA MANGAIZE KALFO!U AZAGORGOULA TAMBAO DOLBEL BAGAROUA TABOTAKI TARKA BANKILARE DESSA DAKORO TAGRISS OLLELEWA -
Caught in the Middle a Human Rights and Peace-Building Approach to Migration Governance in the Sahel
Caught in the middle A human rights and peace-building approach to migration governance in the Sahel Fransje Molenaar CRU Report Jérôme Tubiana Clotilde Warin Caught in the middle A human rights and peace-building approach to migration governance in the Sahel Fransje Molenaar Jérôme Tubiana Clotilde Warin CRU Report December 2018 December 2018 © Netherlands Institute of International Relations ‘Clingendael’. Cover photo: © Jérôme Tubiana. Unauthorized use of any materials violates copyright, trademark and / or other laws. Should a user download material from the website or any other source related to the Netherlands Institute of International Relations ‘Clingendael’, or the Clingendael Institute, for personal or non-commercial use, the user must retain all copyright, trademark or other similar notices contained in the original material or on any copies of this material. Material on the website of the Clingendael Institute may be reproduced or publicly displayed, distributed or used for any public and non-commercial purposes, but only by mentioning the Clingendael Institute as its source. Permission is required to use the logo of the Clingendael Institute. This can be obtained by contacting the Communication desk of the Clingendael Institute ([email protected]). The following web link activities are prohibited by the Clingendael Institute and may present trademark and copyright infringement issues: links that involve unauthorized use of our logo, framing, inline links, or metatags, as well as hyperlinks or a form of link disguising the URL. About the authors Fransje Molenaar is a Senior Research Fellow with Clingendael’s Conflict Research Unit, where she heads the Sahel/Libya research programme. She specializes in the political economy of (post-) conflict countries, organized crime and its effect on politics and stability. -
Julien Brachet Dtraversent Le Sahara Central Focalisent L’Attention Des Médias Et Des Pouvoirs Publics, Tant En Afrique Qu’En Europe
epuis le début des années 2000, les flux migratoires qui Julien Julien Brachet Dtraversent le Sahara central focalisent l’attention des médias et des pouvoirs publics, tant en Afrique qu’en Europe. En dépit Brachet des obstacles qui entravent la circulation dans cette région, reflets des dysfonctionnements de l’État nigérien et du durcissement des politiques migratoires des États maghrébins, des migrants origi- naires de toute une partie du continent se rendent via le Niger € en Afrique du Nord, d’où la plupart reviennent après quelques migrations 22 mois ou quelques années. Ces migrations entre les deux rives du Sahara constituent le principal facteur de dynamisme et de transformation de la région d’Agadez, dans le nord du Niger, et tendent plus largement à redéfinir une nouvelle géographie saha- 9832046 transsahariennes rienne en mettant en contact des lieux et des acteurs de façon inédite. En analysant ces mouvements migratoires tant du point de vue de leur organisation propre, des logiques et des structures qui les sous-tendent, que de leurs incidences sur les sociétés et Vers un désert cosmopolite les espaces traversés, le présent ouvrage déconstruit nombre des discours médiatiques et politiques qui entretiennent la peur d’un et morcelé (niger) péril migratoire illusoire, en montrant que la grande majorité des migrants qui traversent aujourd’hui le Sahara ne sont pas des indi- vidus fuyants des situations de misère extrême ou de conflit, et n’ont pas pour objectif de se rendre en Europe. Dans un contexte global de crispation identitaire et de durcissement des politiques migratoires, l’analyse des effets et des enjeux du contrôle crois- sant de ces circulations dans les espaces de transit soulève en défi- nitive la question du droit à la mobilité, tant au niveau local qu’à l’échelle internationale. -
Republique Du Niger
REPUBLIQUE DU NIGER Ministère de l’Hydraulique et de l’Assainissement Direction Générale des Ressources en eau Direction de l’Hydrogéologie ETAT DE MISE EN ŒUVRE DES ACTIVITES DU PROJET DANS LE COMPLEXE AQUIFERE DU LIPTAKO GOURMA AU NIGER RAF7011 – Gestion intégrée et durable des ressources en eau en Afrique axé sur les États Membres de la région du Sahel Vienne, du 05 au 08 Mai 2014 Présenté par Sanoussi RABE, Ingénieur Hydrogéologue DHGL/DGRE/MH/A PLAN DE L’EXPOSE 1. Présentation du complexe Aquifère du Liptako Gourma 2. Les principaux problèmes hydrogéologiques identifiés dans le bassin ; 3. Critères utilisés pour la sélection des points de prélèvement ; 4. Liste des personnes directement impliquées dans les activités ; 5. Principaux problèmes rencontrés lors des missions de terrain ; 6. Etat de lieux sur les données de base (Base des données et cartes thématiques de la zone du projet) 7. Conclusion et perspectives Introduction Introduction Capitale Niamey Superficie (km2) 1 267 000 Superficie de la zone d’intervention par pays (km2) 123 805 Densité (hbt/km2) 10 Population Ensemble 13 044 973 Zone ALG 4 839 638 Taux de croissance démographique 3,3 Ensemble 7+CUN Découpage administratif Zone ALG 2+CUN Introduction Le Liptako Gourma est une région enclavée aux conditions très difficiles du fait de la rareté des ressources en eaux dont les plus importantes sont situées dans des aquifères discontinus et dont les débits sont très faibles. Cette région qui regroupe le Burkina Faso, le Mali et le Niger.est concernée par le aquifères des grands bassins hydrogéologiques. Introduction 0 1 2 3 4 5 MALI 15 REPUBLIQUE DU NIGER 15 TA HO UA Projet RAF7011/AIEA %[ Ayorou CARTE DE LA REGION DU LIPTAKO GOURMA ILLELA OU ALLA M FILING UE ]' ]' Tillaberi ]%[' TERA 14 ]' 14 BIRN I N 'K ON N I N DOG ON DO UTC HI ]' NIAMEY ]' LO GA O E %[ S KOLLO ]' %[ Dosso BURKINA FASO ]' ]' SAY ]' 13 BIRN IN GA OU RE 13 30 0 30 60 Kilomètres 12 Gaya 12 %[]' 0 1 2 3 4 5 2. -
Le Journal De Jica Niger
L E J O U R N A L DE JICA NIGE R Bulletin d’information de la JICA - N i g e r N ゜ 0 0 9 j u i n 2 011 LES MOTS DU REPRESENTANT RESIDENT DE LA JICA AU NIGER Je voudrais féliciter tous les nigériens pour le retour du Niger à une vie constitutionnelle normale avec un gouvernement démocratiquement élu. C’est assurément un motif de fierté pour les nigériens surtout eu égard à la situation sociopolitique qui prévaut dans la plupart des pays de la sous région caractérisée par une certaine instabilité institutionnelle. L’Agence Japonaise de Coopération Internationale (JICA) ne manquera pas cette opportunité pour contribuer, de manière significative, à la relance et au renforcement de la coopération technique et financière entre le Japon et le Niger dont les premiers jalons ont été posés en 1976. Dans son discours d’investiture SEM Mahamadou Issoufou, Président de la République du Niger, a réaffirmé sa détermination de mettre un accent particulier sur l’éducation de base, la Santé Publique et la sécurité alimentaire qui constituent de grands défis à relever. La JICA pour sa part, entend plus que par le passé, réitérer son ferme engagement et sa volonté d’œuvrer aux cotés des laborieuses populations nigériennes pour la recherche d’un mieux-être et d’un meilleur avenir. LES MOTS DU DIRECTEUR AMERIQUE ASIE OCEANIE (DAMAO) SUITE AU DEPART DEFINITIF DES VOLONTAIRES JAPONAIS DU NIGER Le retrait des volontaires japonais au Niger a été fortement ressenti par les SOMMAIRE communautés nigériennes. La coopération Nigéro -japonaise est l’une des plus fructueuse et couvre les domaines de CEREMONIE DE REMISE développement socio- économiques du Niger en l’occurrence l’Education, la santé, l’aide DE DON A LA SOPAMIN alimentaire, l’augmentation de la production agricole ainsi que plusieurs autres projets P.2 financés sur fonds de contrepartie. -
Insecurity, Terrorism, and Arms Trafficking in Niger
Small Arms Survey Maison de la Paix Report Chemin Eugène-Rigot 2E January 1202 Geneva 2018 Switzerland t +41 22 908 5777 f +41 22 732 2738 e [email protected] At the Crossroads of Sahelian Conflicts Sahelian of the Crossroads At About the Small Arms Survey The Small Arms Survey is a global centre of excellence whose mandate is to generate impar- tial, evidence-based, and policy-relevant knowledge on all aspects of small arms and armed AT THE CROSSROADS OF violence. It is the principal international source of expertise, information, and analysis on small arms and armed violence issues, and acts as a resource for governments, policy- makers, researchers, and civil society. It is located in Geneva, Switzerland, at the Graduate SAHELIAN CONFLICTS Institute of International and Development Studies. The Survey has an international staff with expertise in security studies, political science, Insecurity, Terrorism, and law, economics, development studies, sociology, and criminology, and collaborates with a network of researchers, partner institutions, non-governmental organizations, and govern- Arms Trafficking in Niger ments in more than 50 countries. For more information, please visit: www.smallarmssurvey.org. Savannah de Tessières A publication of the Small Arms Survey/SANA project, with the support of the Netherlands Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Global Affairs Canada, and the Swiss Federal Department of Foreign Affairs A T THE CROSSROADS OF SAHELian CONFLictS Insecurity, Terrorism, and Arms Trafficking in Niger Savannah de Tessières A publication of the Small Arms Survey/SANA project, with the support of the Netherlands Min. of Foreign Affairs, Global Affairs Canada, & the Swiss Federal Dept. -
E6978b8c6f842788485463a7e1
POLITECNICO DI TORINO Repository ISTITUZIONALE Planning to cope with tropical and subtropical climate change Original Planning to cope with tropical and subtropical climate change / Tiepolo, Maurizio; Ponte, Enrico; Cristofori, ELENA ISOTTA. - STAMPA. - Libro pubblicato sia in formato cartaceo che elettronico open access (DOI: 10.1515/9783110480795, e-ISBN 978-3-11-048079-5).(2016), pp. 1-380. Availability: This version is available at: 11583/2624919 since: 2017-05-04T12:04:59Z Publisher: De Gruyter Open Ltd Published DOI: Terms of use: openAccess This article is made available under terms and conditions as specified in the corresponding bibliographic description in the repository Publisher copyright (Article begins on next page) 17 December 2018 OPEN PLANNING TO COPE WITH TROPICAL AND SUBTROPICAL CLIMATE CHANGE CHANGE CLIMATE WITHTROPICALANDSUBTROPICAL COPE PLANNING TO EnricoPonte,ElenaCristofori Maurizio Tiepolo, Maurizio Tiepolo, Enrico Ponte, Elena Cristofori (Eds.) During the last decade, many local governments have launched initiatives to reduce CO2 emissions and the potential impact of hydro-climatic disasters. Nonetheless, PLANNING TO COPE today barely 11% of subtropical and tropical cities with over 100,000 inhabitants have a climate plan. Often this tool neither issues from an analysis of climate change or hydro climatic risks, nor does it provide an adequate depth of detail WITH TROPICAL for the identified measures (cost, funding mode, implementation), nor a sound monitoring-evaluation device. This book aims to improve the quality of climate planning by providing 19 examples AND SUBTROPICAL of analysis and assessments in eleven countries. It is intended for local operators in the fields of climate, hydro-climatic risks, physical planning, besides researchers and students of these subjects. -
Irregular Migration and Human Smuggling Networks in Niger
Irregular migration and human smuggling networks in Niger CRU Report Fransje Molenaar Irregular migration and human smuggling networks in Niger Fransje Molenaar CRU Report February 2017 February 2017 © Netherlands Institute of International Relations ‘Clingendael’. Cover photo: Two stranded off-road vehicles in the dunes between Agadem and Bilma in the eastern Niger. © Wikimedia Commons / Holger Reineccius Unauthorized use of any materials violates copyright, trademark and / or other laws. Should a user download material from the website or any other source related to the Netherlands Institute of International Relations ‘Clingendael’, or the Clingendael Institute, for personal or non-commercial use, the user must retain all copyright, trademark or other similar notices contained in the original material or on any copies of this material. Material on the website of the Clingendael Institute may be reproduced or publicly displayed, distributed or used for any public and non-commercial purposes, but only by mentioning the Clingendael Institute as its source. Permission is required to use the logo of the Clingendael Institute. This can be obtained by contacting the Communication desk of the Clingendael Institute ([email protected]). The following web link activities are prohibited by the Clingendael Institute and may present trademark and copyright infringement issues: links that involve unauthorized use of our logo, framing, inline links, or metatags, as well as hyperlinks or a form of link disguising the URL. About the author Fransje -
Mining, Resources & Underdevelopment
Review of African Political Economy No. 117:361-366 © ROAPE Publications Ltd., 2008 Scrambling to the Bottom? Mining, Resources & Underdevelopment Ray Bush The 21st century race for resources and territory has simultaneously induced cries of optimism from donors and the international agencies, but there is despair from critics and many on the continent: that plunder and looting continues in a manner reminiscent of the colonial past (Bond, 2006; Bush, 2007). But is the current scramble similar to the previous looting of African resources? Are there no benefits from the demand for Africa’s resources? Can the current dynamic be characterised as a scramble or, is it simply ‘business as usual’ for the good of civil society? Africa holds 42% of the world’s share of bauxite; 38% of its uranium; 42% of the world’s reserves of gold; 73% of its platinum; 88% of diamonds. The continent also has enormous reserves of non-ferrous metals like chromite (44%), manganese (82%), vanadium (95%) and cobalt (55%). Despite this abundance of resource wealth – and these figures probably underestimate resource availability because of limited surveying – there is little evidence that raw materials are translated into growth with justice and equality. And there is only limited evidence that strategies to convert local resources nationally, or to pool them regionally, will generate real value added for Africans. For while the continent’s average economic growth rates have been high since 2000 compared with previous decades due almost entirely to the unprecedented price of crude oil and metals, African raw material producers do not benefit from the resource scramble.