Owlflies Are Derived Antlions (Fig
Systematic Entomology (2018), DOI: 10.1111/syen.12334 Owlflies are derived antlions: anchored phylogenomics supports a new phylogeny and classification of Myrmeleontidae (Neuroptera) RENATO J. P. MACHADO1,2, JESSICA P. GILLUNG3, SHAUN L. WINTERTON4 , IVONNE J. GARZÓN-ORDUÑA5, ALAN R. LEMMON6, EMILY MORIARTY LEMMON7 and JOHN D. OSWALD2 1Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil, 2Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, U.S.A., 3Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, U.S.A., 4California State Collection of Arthropods, Sacramento, CA, U.S.A., 5Colección Nacional de Insectos, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico, 6Department of Scientific Computing, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, U.S.A. and 7Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, U.S.A. Abstract. The first phylogenomic analysis of the antlions is presented, based on325 genes captured using anchored hybrid enrichment. A concatenated matrix including 207 species of Myrmeleontoidea (170 Myrmeleontidae) was analysed under maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference. Both Myrmeleontidae (antlions) and Ascalaphidae (owlflies) were recovered as paraphyletic with respect to each other. The majority of the subfamilies traditionally assigned to both Myrmeleontidae and Ascalaphidae were also recovered as paraphyletic. By contrast, all traditional antlion tribes were recovered as monophyletic (except Brachynemurini), but most subtribes were found to be paraphyletic. When compared with the traditional classification of Myrmeleontidae, our results do not support the current taxonomy. Therefore, based on our phylogenomic results, we propose a new classification for the antlions, which synonymizes Ascalaphi- dae with Myrmeleontidae and divides the family into four subfamilies (Ascalaphinae, Myrmeleontinae, Dendroleontinae and Nemoleontinae) and 17 tribes.
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