Archaeologia Miscellaneous Tracts Antiquity

ARCHAEOLOGIA

OR MISCELLANEOUS TRACTS RELATING TO ANTIQUITY

OR MISCELLANEOUS TRACTS

RELATING TO ANTIQUITY

PUBLISHED BY THE SOCIETY OF ANTIQUARIES OF LONDON

VOLUME XCVII

(SECOND SERIES, VOLUME XLVII)

PRINTED AT OXFORD BY VIVIAN RIDLER FOR THE SOCIETY OF ANTIQUARIES AND SOLD AT THE SOCIETY'S APARTMENTS IN BURLINGTON HOUSE, LONDON M CM LIX

PAGE I.—The Monastery of Debra Damo, Ethiopia. By DEREK MATTHEWS, Esq., and ANTONIO MORDINI, Esq. . . . . i II.—Late Saxon, Viking, and Early Medieval Finds from York. By DUDLEY M. WATERMAN, Esq. . . . -59 III.—The Building of Theobalds, 1564-1585: By SIR JOHN SUMMERSON, C.B.E., F.B.A., F.S.A...... 107 IV.—The Swan Badge and the Swan Knight. By ANTHONY R. WAGNER, Esq.,C.V.O.,D.Litt.,F.S.A...... 127 V.—The Greyhound as a Royal Beast. By H. STANFORD LONDON, Esq. . 139 VI.—The Twelfth-Century Design Sources of the Worcester Cathedral Misericords. By MRS. M. D. COX, F.S.A. . . .165 Nil.—The Rothschild Lycurgus Cup. By D. B. HARDEN, Esq., Ph.D., F.S.A., and JOCELYN M. C. TOYNBEE, D.Phil., F.B.A., F.S.A. . 179 VIII.—New Light on St. Edward's Crown. By MARTIN HOLMES, Esq., F.S.A...... 213 Index ...... • . 224

Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.35.229, on 30 Sep 2021 at 10:20:34, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0261340900009929 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS PAGE THE MONASTERY OF DEBRA DAMO, ETHIOPIA: FIG. I . Plan of the Monastery ...... 3 FIG. 2. Layout of the houses, and plans and sections of a typical house . . 5 FIG. 3. Plans, sections, and elevations of the Large Church ... 7 FIG. 4. Section through sanctuary of the Large Church . . . facing 8 FIG. 5. Cross section through Large Church, and section through chancel arch following 8 FIG. 6. Wooden framework of the dome above the sanctuary . . . 11 FIG. 7. Conjectural restoration of the dome panelling . . . .11 FIG. 8. Stone column, capital, and base supporting the carved ceiling . . 11 FIG. 9. Timber column, capital, and base supporting the carved ceiling . . 13 FIG. 10. Three stone capitals of Axumite type ..... 13 FIG. 11. North internal window lighting stair in Large Church . . . 14 FIG. 12. Wall construction of the Large Church, showing arrangement of longitudinal timbers, 'monkey-heads', and quoin blocks . . . . .15 FIG. 13. Exploded view of a window in the south wall of the Large Church . 15 FIG. 14. Window in the south elevation of the Large Church . . . 17 FIG. 15. Carvings on the ends of beams in the inner west door of the Small Church 17 FIG. 16. Sections through the friezes in nave and sanctuary of the Large Church . 17 FIGS. 17, 18. Frieze panels in the nave and sanctuary of the Large Church . . 18, 19 FIG. 19. Ceiling panels in the Large Church . . . . .21 FIG. 20. Constructional details of the ceiling ..... 22 FIG. 21. The Maqwamiya or crutch, a typical hand-cross, a necklace cross, wooden candle-holders and iron lamps ...... 23 FIG. 22. Chairs and stools ...... 25 FIGS. 23, 24. Wood-carving, Egypt, tenth century .... 35 FIGS. 25, 26, 27. Comparative ornament in the Coptic Museum and the Museum of Islamic Art, Cairo ...... 37, 38 FIG. 28. Plans and sections of the Lower Church . . . . .45 FIG. 29. Plan and sections of the Cave adjoining the Lower Church . . 47 I. a. The Large Church before repair from the north-west; b. The cliff face;1 c. The Lower Church II. a. The east end of the Large Church; b. The west front after restoration III. a. The east end; b. The north side; c. The north side; d. The south side. All after restoration following 58 IV. a. The timber dome over the sanctuary; b. The sanctuary; c. Doorway between porch and vestibule; d. An external window during restoration V. a. South side of chancel arch, and portion of frieze surrounding the nave; b. North side of chancel arch

LATE SAXON, VIKING, AND EARLY MEDIEVAL FINDS FROM YORK : FIG. I. Bronze bowl ...... 60 FIG. 2. Sketch plan showing development of the site .... 62 FIG. 3. Plan of early medieval York ...... 64 FIG. 4. Plan showing distribution of 9th-i ith century finds . . .65 FIG. 5. Weapons, tools, and bronze binding . . . . .71 FIG. 6. Bronze sword chape ...... 72 FIG. 7. Iron knives ...... 73 FIG. 8. Horse furniture ...... 74 FIG. 9. Part of iron cheek-piece from Winchester ..... 75 FIG. 10. Ornamental metalwork ...... -77 FIG. 11. Bronze pins ...... 78 FIG. 12. Bone pins and bodkins ...... 81 FIG. 13. Bronze object from Lund, Sweden ..... 84 FIG. 14. Bone pins, etc...... 84 XVI. Implements of pointed bone ...... facing 84 FIG. 15. Spoons of wood from York, and of bone from Chichester . . 86 FIG. 16. Bone combs from Clifford Street ...... 88 XVII. Fragments of oak casket with bone mounts from Coppergate . . facing 88 XVIII. Bone combs ...... facing 89 FIG. 17. Bone combs ...... 89 FIG. 18. Runic inscription on bone comb case ..... 90 XIX. Bone comb cases ...... facing 90 XX. Ornamental bonework ...... facing 91 FIG. 19. Miscellaneous bonework ...... 92 XXI. Antler points ...... facing 92 XXII. Implements of antler and bone . . . . . facing 93

THE BUILDING OF THEOBALDS, 1564-1585: FIG. I . Sketch reconstruction of Theobalds from the south-west 119 FIG. 2. A ceiling at Theobalds. From W. B. Rye . 124 XXIII. a. Plan. Hatfield MSS., vol. 143, 24; b. Plan. Hatfield MSS., vol. 143,) 29 and 30 XXIV. a. Plan. Hatfield MSS., vol. 143, 27 and 28, flap raised; b. The same, flap lowered XXV. a. Plan. Hatfield MSS., vol. 143, 31 and 32; b. Plan, Hatfield MSS., vol. 143, 37 and 38 XXVI. a. Elevation. Hatfield MSS., vol. 143, 50; b. Plan. Hatfield MSS., vol. 143, 46; c. Plan. Hatfield MSS., vol. 143, 48 XXVII. a. Elevation. Hatfield MSS., vol. 143, 41 and 42; b. Elevation and plan. Hatfield MSS., vol. 143, 33; c. Elevation, dated 1577. Monogram of John Symons. Hatfield MSS., vol. 143, 47 XXVIII. a. Section through courtyard of a house; probably related to Theo- balds. Sir John Soane's Museum, Thorpe drawings, p. 115; b. Plan of a house with two courtyards; probably related to Theobalds. Sir John following 126 Soane's Museum, Thorpe drawings, pp. 221, 222 XXIX. Plan of the house and gardens at Theobalds. Sir John Soane's Museum, Thorpe drawings, pp. 245-6 XXX. Enlarged detail from a map of Theobalds park signed by John Thorpe, 1611, British Museum, Cotton, Aug. 1, i. 75 XXXI. a. Stair supposed to have been taken from Theobalds, as re-erected in Theobalds Park House; b. The same stair as now existing at Herstmonceux Castle, Sussex XXXII. a. Plan of Theobalds imposed on the O.S. (1935 Revision), showing siting of the house; b. Sketch reconstruction of section through Middle Court, and section through great hall XXXIII. Plan of Theobalds, after John Thorpe, before 1607

THE SWAN BADGE AND THE SWAN KNIGHT: XXXIV. Seals of: a. Henry, prince of Wales (afterwards Henry V), for the duchy of Cornwall; b. the same, with Swan supporters, 1404; c. College of the Trinity, Pleshy, Essex; d, e. seal and counter seal of Thomas of Wood- stock, duke of Gloucester (d. 1397);/. Edward Courtenay, earl of Devon (d. 1419); g. John, count of Angouleme (d. 1467); h. John, duke of Berry (d. 1416); i. Sir Ivo FitzWarren (d. 1419); j. Hugh Courtenay, earl of . Devon (d. 1422) , . following 138

Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.35.229, on 30 Sep 2021 at 10:20:34, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0261340900009929 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS PAGE XXXV. Seals of: a, b, c,f. John, duke of Berry (d. 1416); d. John II, count of ^ Auvergne and Boulogne (d. 1394); £. John I, count of Auvergne and Boulogne (d. 1386); g. John, count of Angouleme (d. 1467); h. Collar of the Order of the Swan of Brandenburg; /. Antoine Francoise la Paige, Knight of the Swan, 1780 XXXVI. Garter Plates of: a. Humphrey Stafford, duke of Buckingham (d. 1460); b. Richard Beauchamp, earl of Warwick (d. 1439); c. Hugh Stafford, Lord Bourchier (d. 1420); d. Thomas Beauchamp, earl of Warwick (d. 1400); c. John, Lord Beauchamp of Powicke (d. 1475);/. Carved slab supposed to be from the tomb of Thomas Mowbray, duke of Norfolk, in Venice, where he died in 1399; g. Swan badge of Bohun in an initial of Lambeth MS. 330; h. Arms of Cleves from Le Parge's Histoire de VOrdre hereditaire du Cigne, 1780 XXXVII. Seal of: a. Sir Hugh Luttrell (d. 1428); b. Sir James Luttrell (d. 1461); c. Alexander Luttrell (d. 1737); d. Counterseal of Humphrey de Bohun, earl of Hereford and Essex, from the Baron's Letter to the Pope, following 138 1301; e. Seal of Sir Hugh Luttrell (d. 1521);/. Swan badge from the brass of Eleanor, duchess of Gloucester (d. 1399); g. Part of the effigy of John Gower, showing collar of SS given him in 1393-4; ^- Arms of Peter Courtenay, bishop of Exeter, 1478-87; Seals of: /. Sir John Luttrell (d. 1551);/. Sir Andrew Luttrell (d. 1538); k. Robert de Tony from the Baron's Letter to the Pope, 1301 XXXVIII. a. Beatrice de Cleves receiving Elias the Swan Knight; b. Eneas the Swan Knight from the Row Roll in the British Museum, c. 1484; c. Misericord in Exeter Cathedral, c. 1250 XXXIX. a. Tomb of Margaret, wife of Sir Edward Hoby, at Bisham, Berks., 1595; b. Mourning swans at the feet of the effigy of Margaret (d. 1391) daughter of Humphrey de Bohun, in Exeter Cathedral XL. Summary Pedigree showing the links between the Families using Swan badges

THE GREYHOUND AS A ROYAL BEAST: XLI. a. Arms of Henry VII from Povey's Tract, College of Arms MS. B. 19, fo. 25; b. Seal of the County Palatine of Lancaster under Henry VIII; c. Judicial seal for Caernarvon, Merioneth, and Anglesea under Charles I; d. Judicial seal for Brecknock, Radnor, and Glamorgan under James I; e. Standard of the Greyhound under Henry VIII XLII. a. Arms of Princess Margaret as Queen of James IV of Scotland; b. Arms of Princess Mary as Queen of Louis XII of France; c. The greyhound and badge of Richmond; d. Standard of Sir Walter Devereux, Lord following 163 Ferrers; e. Badge and supporters of Humphrey, duke of Gloucester in Greenwich Old Church;/. A Harcourt pennon c. 1530 XLIII. a. Arms of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn, from King's College Chapel, Cambridge; b. Seal of Arthur Plantagenet, Viscount Lisle, as Vice-Admiral of England, 1525; c. Greyhound of Sir John Beaufort, earl of Somerset. Roof-boss in Canterbury Cathedral; d. Seal of Sir Ralph Neville, 1388; e. Arms of Queen Mary I as Princess; /. Seal of Beatrice Stafford

THE TWELFTH-CENTURY DESIGN SOURCES OF THE WORCESTER CATHEDRAL MISERICORDS: L. a. Marginal ornament from Book of Hours, printed by Kerver in Paris 1507;' b, c. Bristol Cathedral. Grotesque subjects copied from similar engraving LI. Decorative arrangement of typological subjects, Eton College Library, MS. 177 LII. The Presentation of Samuel at Shiloh: a. Bibliotheque Royale, Brussels, MS. 9961; b. Eton College Library, MS. 177; c. Worcester Cathedral. LIII. Abraham with Isaac bearing the faggots: a. Warwick Ciborium; b. Bibliotheque Royale, Brussels, MS. 9961; c. Worcester Cathedral. LIV. The Circumcision of Isaac: a. The Warwick Ciborium; b. Eton College Library, MS. 177; c. Worcester Cathedral. following 178 LV. The Sacrifice of Isaac: a. Worcester Cathedral; b. The Warwick Ciborium. Worcester Cathedral; c. The Expulsion from Eden; d. Moses and the Brazen Serpent; e. Samson and the Lion; /. Judgment of Solomon LVI. Worcester Cathedral: a. Two prophets; b. Adam and Eve toiling; c. Mow- ing hay; d. Binding sheaves of corn; e. 'The Clever Daughter';/. The Basilisk LVII. a. Dialectica, from Hortus Deliciarum; b. Dialectria? Worcester Cathe- dral ; c. Psychomachia. Enamel casket in the Cathedral Treasury, Troyes LVIII. Psychomachia Fonts: a, Southrop. Modestia and Patientia; b. Southrop. Temperantia and Modestia; c. Stanton Fitzwarren. Ecclesia and Cherub; d. Stanton Fitzwarren. Largitas and Hamilitas

THE ROTHSCHILD LYCURGUS CUP: FIG. 1. Section and elevation to show suggested reconstruction of base 183 FIG. 2. Sections and other constructional details ..... 185 FIG. 3. Dr. Fremersdorf's sketches showing suggested stages in the production of the Berlin cage-cup . . . 186 FIG. 4. Map showing the distribution of cage-cups of the A (circles) and B (triangles) varieties . . 190 FIG. 5. Three views of the 'tragic-mask' cage-cup fragment in the British Museum 205 FIG. 6. Fragments of cage-cups A 11 and A 14 from Mainz 207 LIX. View A—Lycurgus engulfed in the vine following 212 LX. View B—Satyr, Ambrosia, and Lycurgus

Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.35.229, on 30 Sep 2021 at 10:20:34, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0261340900009929 XI1 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS PAGE LXI. View C—Dionysus, Satyr, Ambrosia LXII. View D—Panther, Dionysus LXIII. View E—Pan, Panther LXIV. View F—Lycurgus, Pan, Panther LXV. Four views of the 'hunt' situla in the treasury of St. Mark, Venice LXVI. a, b. The 'masks and columns' cup now in the Varese Museum, Lom- bardy; c. Beaker fragment from the Catacombs, Rome; d. Fragment in the Louvre from Cyzicus, Turkey LXVII. a, b, c. The 'fishes and snails' cup from Szekszard; d. Fragment showing lower part of bearded face, Mainz LXVIII. a, b, c. Fragmentary 'harbour' beaker from Begram, Afghanistan; d. Reverses of three Alexandrian bronze coins showing the pharos of Alexandria LXIX. Fragments a. In the British Museum; b. From Behnesa (Oxyrhynchus) in the Victoria and Albert Museum; c. In Altertumsmuseum, Mainz; following 212 d. From County Fejer, Hungary; e. In the Rijksrnuseum van Oudheden, Leiden; /. From Rome, in Metropolitan Museum, N. Y.; g. From Trier; h. From Silchester, Hants LXX. a, b. Cage-cup from Cologne in Antiquarium, Munich; c. Bronze situla from Cuddesdon, Oxon. LXXI. a, b, c. Facet-cut situla with Dionysiac scene in the Treasury of St. Mark, Venice; d. Cage-cup from Soria in Madrid LXXI I. Semicircular mosaic in the villa at Piazza Armerina, Sicily, showing the story of King Lycurgus LXXIII. a, b. Details of the 'Oceanus' dish found at Mildenhall, Suffolk; c. Plaster cast of Dionysiac scene on the glass stamnium from Hohensuzen at Mainz LXXIV. The Rubens agate vase now in Walters Art Gallery, Baltimore LXXV. The Waddesdon vase in the British Museum NEW LIGHT ON ST. EDWARD'S CROWN: LXXVI. a. Edward I in his coffin; b. St. Edward the Confessor from the Islip Roll; c. Henry VII. From Holinshed's Chronicles, 1577; d. A coronation at Westminster, from the Islip Roll LXXVII. Crowns: a. Of the Empress Constanza at Palermo; b. St. Stephen. From Bock; c. From the 'Armada' portrait of Elizabeth I at Woburn Abbey; d. St. Edward in the Tower of London; e. Of St. Edmund. From the Holford MS. LXXVIII. a. St. Edward's Crown in 1685; b. State Crown of Charles I. following 223 c. Lord Anglesey with St. Edward's Crown, d. Detail from the Procession of the Regalia LXXIX. a. Charles II wearing St. Edward's Crown, from the portrait by Michael Wright; b. Bronze figure of Edward the Confessor from the tomb of Henry VII at Westminster; c. Head of a King, showing the conventional type of crown. From Holinshed LXXX. Chantry of Henry V, Westminster Abbey: a. Henry V crowned with St. Edward's Crown; b. Henry V enthroned, wearing the Crown of state