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MÉXICO Y LA UNESCO/ LA UNESCO Y MÉXICO: Historia De Una Relación

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MÉXICO Y LA UNESCO/ LA UNESCO Y MÉXICO: Historia De Una Relación TERCERA PARTE 2 1948-1952 MÉXICO Y LA UNESCO/ LA UNESCO Y MÉXICO: Historia de una relación 3 MÉXICO Y LA UNESCO/ LA UNESCO Y MÉXICO: Historia de una relación Publicado en 2020 por la Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Educación, la Ciencia y la Cultura, 7, place de Fonte- noy, 75352 París 07 SP, Francia; y la Oficina de la UNESCO en México, Presidente Masaryk 526, Polanco, 11560, México, D.F., con el apoyo del Instituto Cultural de Aguascalientes, Venustiano Carranza # 101, C.P. 20000, Aguascalientes, Ags. Copyright © UNESCO, 2020 ISBN: 978-92-3-300027-8 Esta publicación está disponible en Acceso Abierto bajo la licencia Atribución-Compartir Igual 3.0 IGO (CC-BY-SA 3.0 IGO) (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/igo/). Al utilizar el contenido de esta publicación, los usuarios aceptan estar legalmente obligados por las condiciones de uso del Repositorio de Acceso Abierto de la UNESCO (http://unesco.org/ open-access/terms-use-ccbysa-en). La presente licencia se aplica exclusivamente al contenido del texto y los gráficos de esta publicación. Para el uso de cualquier foto o material no identificado claramente como perteneciente a la UNESCO, deberá solicitarse permiso previo de [email protected] o UNESCO Publishing, 7, place de Fontenoy, 75352 París 07 SP, Francia. Las designaciones empleadas y la presentación de material a lo largo de esta publicación no implican la expresión de ninguna opinión en absoluto por parte de la UNESCO referente al estatus legal de cualquier país, territorio, ciudad o área o de sus autoridades, o referente a la delimitación de sus fronteras o circunscripciones. Las ideas y opiniones expresadas en esta publicación corresponden a los autores; no son necesariamente las de la UNESCO y no comprometen a la Organización. México y la UNESCO/La UNESCO y México: Historia de una relación, es una publicación concebida y editada en su totalidad por la Oficina de la UNESCO en México. Autores: Nuria Sanz y Carlos Tejada, Oficina de la UNESCO en México Idea original, concepción, coordinación y supervisión de la edición y publicación: Oficina de la UNESCO en México Coordinación editorial: Nuria Sanz, Carlos Tejada, Liza Gisbert y Chantal Connaughton, Oficina de la UNESCO en México Edición: Carlos Tejada, José Pulido Mata, Liza Gisbert, Chantal Connaughton, Loreta Lancellotti, Oficina de la UNESCO en México Coordinación de la investigación documental e iconográfica: Carlos Tejada y Liza Gisbert, Oficina de la UNESCO en México Asistencia en la Investigación: Gabriel Grancher, Oficina de la UNESCO en México Diseño: Ananda Ramírez Cordero y Rodrigo Morlesin, Oficina de la UNESCO en México Coordinación administrativa: Alma Lara, Oficina de la UNESCO en México Con la colaboración de toda la Oficina de la UNESCO en México. Agradecimientos a la primera edición: Agradecemos la importante aportación y los comentarios que de esta publicación nos entregaron la Maestra Carmen López-Portillo, Rectora de la Universidad del Claustro de Sor Juana; Doctora Sandra Lorenzano; Doctor Ernesto Piedras, London School of Economics-ITAM; y Doctor Leonardo Curzio, Politólogo y Periodista en El Universal, Miembro del Siste- ma Nacional de Investigadores; así como a nuestras colegas de la Sede en París, Jens Boel, Jefe de la Unidad de Archivos UNESCO; Adèle Torrance, Especialista de Archivos, y Mimouna Abderrahmane, Oficial de Publicaciones en Ciencias Socia- les y Humanas; así como a Lucía Iglesias, Redactora Sector de Relaciones Exteriores, Información Pública y Medios. La segunda edición de esta publicación no hubiera sido posible sin la contribución del Instituto Cultural de Aguascalientes, motivo por el cual agradecemos sinceramente al Gobernador de Aguascalientes, Martín Orozco Sandoval, así como a Claudia Patricia Santa Ana Zaldívar, Directora del Instituto. Asimismo, agradecemos el invaluable apoyo y la confianza en nuestra Oficina de la Sra. Martha Delgado, Subsecretaria para Asuntos Multilaterales y Derechos Humanos de la Secretaría de Relaciones Exteriores. Créditos de las fotografías: UNESCO/Archives, Fondo José Luis Martínez (pp. 338-339) y Gabriela Velázquez, Oficina de la UNESCO en México (pp. 387-396) Impreso en México Jaime Torres Bodet durante la Cuarta Conferencia General de la UNESCO, noviembre de 1949. © UNESCO/Archives ÍNDICE Prefacio - Audrey Azoulay 13 La UNESCO y la integración del hombre del porvenir (fragmento) Prólogo - Marcelo Ebrard Casaubón 15 84 - Jaime Torres Bodet 18 Presentación - Martín Orozco Sandoval Nace la UNESCO 88 22 Antes de que apareciera... - Yalitza Aparicio Con broche de oro 93 El motivo de la primera edición - Nuria Sanz 23 95 Constitución de la UNESCO. Preámbulo 26 El motivo de la segunda edición - Frédéric Vacherón El artículo tercero constitucional 97 103 Reforma al artículo tercero constitucional Primera parte (1924-1945) Y mientras tanto, en París... 104 Los antecedentes 109 Campaña internacional contra el analfabetismo 31 Un breve recuento, a modo de introducción La Primera Conferencia General 113 El Instituto Internacional de Cooperación Intelectual 38 121 La UNESCO (fragmento) - Alfonso Reyes 43 La Comisión Mexicana de Cooperación Intelectual Un Embajador Permanente, un Consejo Consultivo 46 Correspondencias y un Instituto de Bellas Artes 122 48 Los Entretiens La Segunda Conferencia General 127 53 Notas para una inteligencia americana (fragmento) - Alfonso Reyes El mes de la UNESCO 134 Las Conferencias Americanas de Cooperación Intelectual 55 142 Huxley rinde homenaje a México Mensaje con motivo de la victoria (fragmento) - Manuel Ávila Camacho 59 De Washington a Chapultepec 62 Tercera parte (1948-1952) De Chapultepec a San Francisco 66 Jaime Torres Bodet, el gran impulsor 70 Mensaje en el quinto aniversario de la ONU - Jaime Torres Bodet Una semblanza 149 Continuidad: servir a la patria, servir al mundo 152 Segunda parte (1945-1947) 155 Continuidad (fragmento) - Jaime Torres Bodet Nace la UNESCO. Primeros pasos Una muerte en falso 156 La Conferencia de los Ministros Aliados de Educación 75 159 Nuestra meta: “Elevar la condición intelectual y moral de los La Conferencia Preparatoria. Los preparativos 77 grandes grupos humanos” (fragmento) - Jaime Torres Bodet ÍNDICE El Centro de Cooperación Científica para América Latina 161 Conservación del patrimonio 227 Las matemáticas y su enseñanza (fragmento) - Jaime Torres Bodet 163 Recapitulación - Gloria López Morales 257 Filosofía y ciencias humanas, el estudio comparado de las 165 El acceso de las mujeres a la educación 260 civilizaciones El acceso de las mujeres a la educación - Jaime Torres Bodet 265 El difícil problema de la historia (fragmento) - Jaime Torres Bodet 169 Sobre la raza 268 Las Comisiones Nacionales 171 La raza, el racismo y la UNESCO (fragmento) - Juan Comas 272 La UNESCO, una fe personal (fragmento) - Jaime Torres Bodet 174 El CREFAL y el largo camino de la educación 274 La educación de adultos, de Dinamarca a Brasil 176 Declaración de México 285 Una anécdota - Jaime Torres Bodet 179 Florencia: el español llega a la UNESCO 292 Lin Yutang, Alfonso Reyes y Gabriela Mistral 180 América Latina, puerta abierta a la diversidad cultural 297 La memoria de Goethe - Jaime Torres Bodet 185 El último trecho: 1951-1952 310 Estudio IV, Homenaje a Chopin 187 Diógenes 311 La música, verdadera disciplina ética (fragmento) 190 El Premio Kalinga. Los premios UNESCO 319 - Jaime Torres Bodet Los orígenes del Museo Nacional de Antropología 321 Segundo Congreso Internacional del Instituto Internacional 192 El derecho de autor: un derecho humano 323 del Teatro: de Salvador Novo a Víctor Hugo Rascón La renuncia de Torres Bodet: el último episodio 325 Banda (1948-2006) (¿o el primero?) 2006: un rayo de esperanza - Víctor Hugo Rascón Banda 197 La continuidad 331 De la Conferencia Técnica Internacional para la Protección 199 de la Naturaleza a la Estrategia de Sevilla (1949-1995) Iconografía 335 El turno de las Ciencias Sociales 207 Palabras del Rector Garrido en la inauguración de cursos de la 218 Lista de Representantes de la UNESCO en México 397 nueva Escuela de Ciencias Políticas y Sociales Bibliografía 399 La Cuarta Conferencia General 221 Examen de conciencia. La obra realizada, la obra futura (fragmento) 226 - Jaime Torres Bodet Jaime Torres Bodet durante la Séptima Conferencia General de la UNESCO, noviembre de 1952. © UNESCO/Archives Prefacio “El que habla de unión habla de diferencias, porque si no hubiera diferencias, no ha- bría nada que unir. He dedicado mi vida a creer en las diferencias.” Estas palabras de sabiduría, que vinculan la diversidad cultural con lo universal humano, son las del gran historiador Miguel León-Portilla, que desempeñó un papel importante en la historia de las relaciones entre México y la UNESCO, como representante permanente de su país entre 1987 y 1992. Miguel León-Portilla, que falleció el 1 de octubre de 2019 a la edad de 93 años, encarnaba la comunidad de valores que existe entre la UNESCO y México. México, que fue uno de los Estados fundadores de la UNESCO y país anfitrión de la segunda reunión de la Conferencia General, estableció rápidamente una estrecha relación con la Organización. Jaime Torres Bodet, que fue Director General de la UNESCO de 1948 a 1952, dejó su huella en esos primeros años de entusiasmo y ambición. Apodado el “gran impul- sor” por los autores del libro, Torres Bodet fue capaz de insuflar una visión en la UNESCO. Pudo hacerlo porque era un gran administrador, pero también un poeta amante del huma- nismo, como demuestran estos versos: “Un hombre muere en mí siempre que un hombre, / muere en cualquier lugar, asesinado / por el miedo y la prisa de otros hombres”. Desde entonces la relación entre México y la UNESCO se siguió profundizando mediante la organización de la primera Conferencia Mundial sobre la Mujer en 1975 en la Ciudad de México o con motivo de la Conferencia Mundial sobre las Políticas Culturales (MONDIACULT) en 1982, en la que se reafirmó la igual dignidad de todas las culturas. El año pasado también fue fructífero, en particular debido a la inscripción conjunta con España, en la Lista Representativa del Patrimonio Cultural Inmaterial de la Humanidad, del Proceso de fabricación de la talavera artesanal de Puebla y Tlaxcala.
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