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Ii \ T MEXICAN GRASSES in the UNITED STATES NATIONAL

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Ii \ T MEXICAN GRASSES in the UNITED STATES NATIONAL ■ . ~+j-,r?7-w- - i i - . \ t MEXICAN GRASSES IN THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL HERBARIUM. By A. S, Hitchcock INTRODUCTION. The following list of grasses, based entirely upon specimens in the United States National Herbarium, is a preliminary paper, in which the scattered data upon Mexican grasses have been brought together and arranged in a convenient form. The species included have been accepted, for the most part, in their traditional sense. It has been impracticable to examine the types of many of the earlier described species since these specimens are located in European herbaria. For this reason the synonymy has been confined mostly to those names that could be fixed by an examination of American types, or concerning the application of which there was little doubt. The largest number of unidentified names are found in Fournier's work on Mexican grasses.1 This results from the incomplete or unsatis- factory descriptions and from the fact that the specimens cited under a given species either may not agree with the diagnosis, or may belong to two or more species, at least in different herbaria. An examination of the original specimens will undoubtedly lead to the identification of the greater part of these names. There are several specimens that have been omitted from the list because they have not been identified and are apparently unde- scribed species. They belong to genera, however, that are much in need of critical revision and further study of them is deferred for the present. In subsequent articles it is hoped to work out the classifi- cation of the tropical American grasses upon a type basis KEY TO THE GENEBA. Spikeleta with one perfect terminal floret, and usually a second staminate or neutral floret below (lower floret perfect in Isachne); rachilla ar- ticulated below the glumes, the spikeleta fall- Fournier, Eug. Mexicanas Plantas. Pars secunda. Gramineae. 1886. For dis- cussion of the date of publication ofthisworkaeeCantr.tr. S. Nat. Herb. 16:49.1910 and op. cit. 14: 360. 1912. • 181 182 CONTRIBUTIONS FKOM TEE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. lag from the pedicels entire, singly, in groups, or together with joints of an articulate rachis; spikeleta, or at least the fruits, not laterally compressed (except in Lithachne). Lemma and palea (the latter sometimes wanting in Andropogoneae) hyaline; glumes more or less indurated, the first largest; sterile lemma like the fertile in texture. Plants monoecious. (Maydeae.) Staminate spikes in a terminal panicle; pistillate spikes in the axils of the leaves, sometimes bearing also staminate spikes 1. Euchlaena (p. 196). - Staminate and pistillate florets in the same spike, the staminate upper- most. Spikes digitate, the rachis of pistil- late portion bony-indurated, disarticulating with spikelets attached 2. Tripsacum (p. 195). Spikes paniculate, the pistillate epikelets inclosed in ovoid pearly or grayish, bead-like bodies, the staminate portion protruding from a small ori- fice 3. Coil (p. 196). Plants not monoecious, but the inflorescence often consisting of staminate or neutral spikelets intermixed with perfect ones. (Akdbofoqokbae.) Spikelets all alike, perfect; inflorescence conspicuously hairy. Rachis of spike continuous; inflo- rescence a narrow spike-like panicle; spikelets awnless... 4. Imperata (p. 197). Rachis breaking up into joints. Spikelets awned; inflorescence a narrow or open panicle. 6. Erjanthus (p. 197). Spikelets awnless; inflorescence a dense interrupted golden brown spike-like panicle 5. Eriochrysis (p. 197). Spikelets not alike, part perfect and part staminate or neutral. Joints of the rachis much thickened and excavated, the spikelets fitting into the recesses. First glume of perfect spikelet hemispherical, pitted; plants annual 10. Rttilix (p. 198). First glume of perfect spikelet flat or somewhat convex; plants perennial. HITOHOOCK—MEXICAN OBA6BE8 Racemes cylindric, readily disarticulating 9. Coelorachis (p. 198). Racemes flattened, tardily disarticulating 8. Hemarthria (p. 197). Joints of rachis not greatly thick- ened nor with excavations. Spikelets 2-flowered; racemes several, corymbose 7. Ischaemum (p. 197). Spikelets 1-flowered. Spikelets all pedicellate, the pistillate with long feathery awns; axis in- distinctly articulate... 11. Trachyfoqon (p. 198). Spikelets sessile and pedi- cellate; axis distinctly articulate. Racemes solitary, termi- nating the culm, the spikelets awnless; first glume with a balsam-bearing line within the side keels 12. Elyonurus (p. 199). Racemes 1 to many, sometimes reduced to the terminal joint of 3 spikelets, if soli- tary the spikelets awned. Sessile spikelets not all alike, some of the lower differing from the upper and bearing a short awn. Racemes solitary, terminating the culm or its branches, the awns long, be- coming en tan- gled 17. Heteropogon (p. 212). Racemes in pairs from a boat- shaped sheath, the abort awns not becoming entangled 14. Cymbofogon (p. 209). Sessile spikelets all alike. Inflorescence con- sisting of 1 to many racemes, the spikelets ar- ranged in pairs, V 184 COKTBIBiraONS FBOM THE NATIONAL HEEBABIUM. one sessile and perfect, the other pedicellate and Btaminate, neutral, or re- duced to a scale or to the pedicel 13. Androfoqon (p. 200). Inflorescence com- pound, panicu- late, the racemes reduced to 2 to 5 Bpikelets. Pedicellate spike- lets stamin&te 15. Holcus (p. 209). Pedicellate spike- lets reduced to the pedicel... 16. Sorghastruu (p. 210). Lemma and palea membranaceous or cartilagi- nous, not more delicate than the glumes. Lemma and palea membranaceous, resembling the glumes in texture. Bpikelets paniculate, consisting of 1 perfect terminal floret bearing a geniculate or twisted awn, with a sterile floret below.. 25. Arundinella (p. 217). Bpikelets single or in groups along a contin- uous axis forming a spike or raceme, or in the axils of the upper sheaths. (Zoyseae.) Glume 1,3 to 5-awned; spikelets clustered in the axils of the upper sheaths 23. Schaffnereila (p. 217) Glumes 2; spikelets solitary or in groups at each joint of the main axis, the groups falling off entire. Spikelets solitary; plants monoecious or dioecious, creeping 24. Fourniera (p. 217). Spikelets in groups. Groups of spikelets surrounded by an indurated false involucre formed by the first glumes of each spike- let. 18, Anthefhora (p. 213). Groups of spikelets not involucrate. Second glume coriaceous, bearing hooked spines on the back 22. Nazia (p. 21G). Second glume not spiny. Groups of spikelets spreading or drooping, borne along one side of the delicate axis; lowest spikelet sterile, the terminal fertile 21. Aegofogon (p. 215). Groups of Bpikelets erect or ap- preesed on both sides of the rather stout axis; central spikelet fertile, the two lateral staminate. v HITCHCOCK—MEXICAN GRASSES* 185 Plants stoloniferous 19. TTtt.awta (p. 213). Plants producing rhizomes but not stoloniferous 00. Pleura rais (p. 214). Lemma and palea indurated, coriaceous or chartaceous, firmer than the glumes. (Paniceae.) Spikelets unisexual; fruit bony-indurated. Panicles terminal on culms or leafy branches, the pistillate spikelets above, the staminate below in the same panicle 51. Oltba (p. 271). Panicles all axillary or axillary and ter- minal, the terminal when present wholly staminate. Fruit laterally compressed, conspic- uously gibbous on upper dorsum 52. Lixhachne (p. 272). Fruitdorsally compressed, lanceolate... 53. Raddia (p. 272). Spikelets perfect (one of a pair sometimes abortive). Axis broad and corky, the spikelets sunken in its cavities, the terminal portion disarticulating at maturity 50. Stenotafhruu (p. 271). Axis not broad and corky, the spikelets not sunken in cavities. Spikelets subtended or surrounded by 1 to many bristles or spines (sterile branchlets), these distinct or more or less connate at base, forming a false involucre. Bristles falling with the spikelet at maturity. Bristles more or less united at base into a bur-like involucre 49. Cenchrus (p. 208). Bristles not united at base, usually slender, often plumose 48. Pennisetum (p. 265). Bristles of involucre persistent, the spikelets deciduous. Sterile palea at maturity becoming cartilaginous and winged, much exceeding the spikelet in width; spikelets secund along the branches of a simple panicle, each subtended by a single viscid bristle 47. Ixofhorus (p. 265). Sterile palea not enlarged at ma- turity. Second glume and sterile lemma very broad, many-nerved, the glume saccate, auriculate, the lemma lyre-shaped, indu- rated on the margins; spike* let subtended by a single flexuousbristle 45. Sbtariopsis (p. 259). CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBABITJM. Second glume and sterile lemma neither many-nerved, saccate, auriculate, nor lyre-shaped; subtending bristles 1 to many. 46, Chaetochloa (p. 259). Spikelets not subtended nor surrounded by bristles (axis of branchlet ex- tending beyond the base of the uppermost spikelet as a point or bristle in Panicum, subgenus Paurochaetium). Fruit cartilaginous-indurated, not * rigid, papillose, usually dark- colored, the more or less prom- inent white hyaline margins of the lemma not inrolled. Fruit open at the hyaline summit.. 26. Leptocobyphium (p. 218). Fruit not open at summit. Fruit lanceolate, acuminate; sec- ond glume and sterile lemma usually long-silky 27. Valota (p. 218). Fruit elliptic; pubescence short or none. Inflorescence of slender ra- cemes, digitately or sub- digitately arranged 28. Synthebisma (p. 219). Inflorescence a capillary pan- icle 29, Leptoloha (p. 222). Fruit indurated, rigid (or if thin the lemma not
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