Automotive Powertrain Forecast 2020-2030 Automotive Logistics
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Morgan Ellis Climate Policy Analyst and Clean Cities Coordinator DNREC [email protected] 302.739.9053
CLEAN TRANSPORTATION IN DELAWARE WILMAPCO’S OUR TOWN CONFERENCE THE PRESENTATION 1) What are alterative fuels? 2) The Fuels 3) What’s Delaware Doing? WHAT ARE ALTERNATIVE FUELED VEHICLES? • “Vehicles that run on a fuel other than traditional petroleum fuels (i.e. gas and diesel)” • Propane • Natural Gas • Electricity • Biodiesel • Ethanol • Hydrogen THERE’S A FUEL FOR EVERY FLEET! DELAWARE’S ALTERNATIVE FUELS • “Vehicles that run on a fuel other than traditional petroleum fuels (i.e. gas and diesel)” • Propane • Natural Gas • Electricity • Biodiesel • Ethanol • Hydrogen THE FUELS PROPANE • By-Product of Natural Gas • Compressed at high pressure to liquefy • Domestic Fuel Source • Great for: • School Busses • Step Vans • Larger Vans • Mid-Sized Vehicles COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS (CNG) • Predominately Methane • Uses existing pipeline distribution system to deliver gas • Good for: • Heavy-Duty Trucks • Passenger cars • School Buses • Waste Management Trucks • DNREC trucks PROPANE AND CNG INFRASTRUCTURE • 8 Propane Autogas Stations • 1 CNG Station • Fleet and Public Access with accounts ELECTRIC VEHICLES • Electricity is considered an alternative fuel • Uses electricity from a power source and stores it in batteries • Two types: • Battery Electric • Plug-in Hybrid • Great for: • Passenger Vehicles EV INFRASTRUCTURE • 61 charging stations in Delaware • At 26 locations • 37,000 Charging Stations in the United States • Three types: • Level 1 • Level 2 • D.C. Fast Charging TYPES OF CHARGING STATIONS Charger Current Type Voltage (V) Charging Primary Use Time Level 1 Alternating 120 V 2 to 5 miles Current (AC) per hour of Residential charge Level 2 AC 240 V 10 to 20 miles Residential per hour of and charge Commercial DC Fast Direct Current 480 V 60 to 80 miles (DC) per 20 min. -
EPRI Journal--Driving the Solution: the Plug-In Hybrid Vehicle
DRIVING THE SOLUTION THE PLUG-IN HYBRID VEHICLE by Lucy Sanna The Story in Brief As automakers gear up to satisfy a growing market for fuel-efficient hybrid electric vehicles, the next- generation hybrid is already cruis- ing city streets, and it can literally run on empty. The plug-in hybrid charges directly from the electricity grid, but unlike its electric vehicle brethren, it sports a liquid fuel tank for unlimited driving range. The technology is here, the electricity infrastructure is in place, and the plug-in hybrid offers a key to replacing foreign oil with domestic resources for energy indepen- dence, reduced CO2 emissions, and lower fuel costs. DRIVING THE SOLUTION THE PLUG-IN HYBRID VEHICLE by Lucy Sanna n November 2005, the first few proto vide a variety of battery options tailored 2004, more than half of which came from Itype plugin hybrid electric vehicles to specific applications—vehicles that can imports. (PHEVs) will roll onto the streets of New run 20, 30, or even more electric miles.” With growing global demand, particu York City, Kansas City, and Los Angeles Until recently, however, even those larly from China and India, the price of a to demonstrate plugin hybrid technology automakers engaged in conventional barrel of oil is climbing at an unprece in varied environments. Like hybrid vehi hybrid technology have been reluctant to dented rate. The added cost and vulnera cles on the market today, the plugin embrace the PHEV, despite growing rec bility of relying on a strategic energy hybrid uses battery power to supplement ognition of the vehicle’s potential. -
Gasoline-Electric Hybrid Synergy Drive
Gasoline-Electric Hybrid Synergy Drive AHV40 Series Foreword In March 2006, Toyota released the Toyota CAMRY gasoline-electric hybrid vehicle in North America. Except where noted in this guide, basic vehicle systems and features for the CAMRY hybrid are the same as those on the conventional, non-hybrid, Toyota CAMRY. To educate and assist emergency responders in the safe handling of the CAMRY hybrid technology, Toyota published this CAMRY hybrid Emergency Response Guide. High voltage electricity powers the electric motor, generator, A/C compressor, and inverter/converter. All other automotive electrical devices such as the headlights, power steering, horn, radio, and gauges are powered from a separate 12 Volts battery. Numerous safeguards have been designed into the CAMRY to help ensure the high voltage, approximately 245 Volts, Nickel Metal Hydride (NiMH) Hybrid Vehicle (HV) battery pack is kept safe and secure in an accident. Additional topics contained in the guide include: N Toyota CAMRY identification. N Major hybrid component locations and descriptions. By following the information in this guide, dismantlers will be able to handle the CAMRY hybrid-electric vehicle as safely as the dismantling of a conventional gasoline engine automobile. ¤ 2006 Toyota Motor Corporation All rights reserved. This book may not be reproduced or copied, in whole or in part, without the written permission of Toyota Motor Corporation ii Table of Contents About the CAMRY.........................................................................................................................1 -
Table a : Hybrid Vehicles
Table a.1: Type-approved hybrid private car models Transmission Brand / Make Car Model Engine Model Type Audi AG A6 2.0 TFSI TIP Hybrid CHJ AT Audi A3 Sportback e-tron CUK AT Audi A8L 55 TFSI quattro CZS AT Audi A7 Sportback 55 TFSI quattro DLZ AT Audi A6 55 TFSI quattro DLZ AT Audi A6 Avant 55 TFSI quattro DLZ AT Audi A8L 60 TFSI quattro CXY AT Audi A5 Cabriolet 40 TFSI DLV AT Audi A5 Coupe 40 TFSI DLV AT Audi A6 45 TFSI quattro DKN AT Audi A6 Avant 45 TFSI quattro DKN AT Audi A7 Sportback 45 TFSI quattro DKN AT Audi Q3 35 TFSI DFY AT Audi Q5 45 TFSI quattro DNT AT Audi Q7 55 TFSI quattro s line DCB AT Audi Q8 55 TFSI quattro DCB AT Audi RS6 Avant quattro DJP AT Audi RS7 Sportback quattro DJP AT Audi RS Q8 quattro DHU AT Audi A4 Avant 40 TFSI s line DLV AT Audi A4 40 TFSI s line DLV AT Audi A5 Sportback 40 TFSI s line DLV AT Audi A5 Cabriolet 40 TFSI quattro s line DMS AT Audi A5 Coupe 40 TFSI quattro s line DMS AT Audi A4 40 TFSI quattro s line DMS AT Page 1 of 16 Transmission Brand / Make Car Model Engine Model Type Audi A4 Avant 40 TFSI quattro s line DMS AT Audi A5 Sportback 40 TFSI s line DMS AT Audi A5 Sportback 40 TFSI quattro s line DMS AT Audi A6 40 TFSI DMT AT Audi A7 Sportback 40 TFSI DMT AT Audi Q5 45 TFSI quattro s line DPU AT Audi A3 SEDAN 35 TFSI S LINE DFY AT Audi A3 SPORTBACK 35 TFSI S LINE DFY AT Audi Q5 SPORTBACK 45 TFSI QUATTRO S LINE DPU AT BMW ActiveHybrid 3 (F30) N55B30A AT BMW ActiveHybrid 3 - Luxury (F30) N55B30A AT BMW ActiveHybrid 3 - Modern (F30) N55B30A AT BMW ActiveHybrid 3 - Sport (F30) N55B30A AT BMW ActiveHybrid -
Electric Vehicles: a Primer on Technology and Selected Policy Issues
Electric Vehicles: A Primer on Technology and Selected Policy Issues February 14, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46231 SUMMARY R46231 Electric Vehicles: A Primer on Technology and February 14, 2020 Selected Policy Issues Melissa N. Diaz The market for electrified light-duty vehicles (also called passenger vehicles; including passenger Analyst in Energy Policy cars, pickup trucks, SUVs, and minivans) has grown since the 1990s. During this decade, the first contemporary hybrid-electric vehicle debuted on the global market, followed by the introduction of other types of electric vehicles (EVs). By 2018, electric vehicles made up 4.2% of the 16.9 million new light-duty vehicles sold in the United States that year. Meanwhile, charging infrastructure grew in response to rising electric vehicle ownership, increasing from 3,394 charging stations in 2011 to 78,301 in 2019. However, many locations have sparse or no public charging infrastructure. Electric motors and traction battery packs—most commonly made up of lithium-ion battery cells—set EVs apart from internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs). The battery pack provides power to the motor that drives the vehicle. At times, the motor acts as a generator, sending electricity back to the battery. The broad categories of EVs can be identified by whether they have an internal combustion engine (i.e., hybrid vehicles) and whether the battery pack can be charged by external electricity (i.e., plug-in electric vehicles). The numerous vehicle technologies further determine characteristics such as fuel economy rating, driving range, and greenhouse gas emissions. EVs can be separated into three broad categories: Hybrid-electric vehicles (HEVs): The internal combustion engine primarily powers the wheels. -
The Toyota Prius Plug-In HEV: a Plug-In Hybrid Electric Car in NREL's Advanced Technology Vehicle Fleet (Fact Sheet), Transp
The Toyota Prius Plug-in HEV A plug-in hybrid electric car in NREL’s advanced technology vehicle fleet Toyota Prius Plug-in HEV Curb Weight 3278 lb Toyota Prius plug-in hybrid electric vehicle. Length 175.5 in. Photo from Atlantic County Utilities Authority, NREL/PIX 18311 Highlights Width 68.7 in. Height 58.7 in. The Toyota Prius plug-in hybrid electric vehicle at the NREL’s advanced vehicle fleet U.S. Department of Energy’s National Renewable Energy Peak Motor Power 80 hp features promising technologies Laboratory (NREL) is part of a worldwide 600-vehicle Motor Location Front to increase efficiency and reduce demonstration project. In partnership with the University emissions—all without sacrificing Engine Power 98 hp of Colorado, NREL uses the vehicle for grid-integration safety or comfort. The fleet serves Electric Range 13 mi studies and demonstrating plug-in vehicle synergies as a technology showcase, helping Seating 5 people with renewable energy. visitors learn about innovative Payload 26.1 ft3 Plug-in electric vehicles—including all-electric vehicles and vehicles that are available today Electric Top Speed 60 mph plug-in hybrid electric vehicles—provide a new opportu- or are in development. Vehicles U.S. Debut 2012 yr nity to reduce oil consumption by drawing on power from in the fleet are representative of Battery Capacity 5.2 kWh the electric grid. To maximize the benefits, the emerging current, advanced, prototype, vehicle-charging infrastructure must provide access to and emerging technologies. Battery Voltage 345.6 V Battery Warranty 8 yr or 100,000 mi clean electricity generated from renewable sources. -
Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle Value Proposition Study
DOCUMENT AVAILABILITY Reports produced after January 1, 1996, are generally available free via the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Information Bridge: Web site: http://www.osti.gov/bridge Reports produced before January 1, 1996, may be purchased by members of the public from the following source: National Technical Information Service 5285 Port Royal Road Springfield, VA 22161 Telephone: 703-605-6000 (1-800-553-6847) TDD: 703-487-4639 Fax: 703-605-6900 E-mail: [email protected] Web site: http://www.ntis.gov/support/ordernowabout.htm Reports are available to DOE employees, DOE contractors, Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDE) representatives, and International Nuclear Information System (INIS) representatives from the following source: Office of Scientific and Technical Information P.O. Box 62 Oak Ridge, TN 37831 Telephone: 865-576-8401 Fax: 865-576-5728 E-mail: [email protected] Web site: http://www.osti.gov/contact.html This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof. -
Battery Requirements for Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles – Analysis and Rationale
Conference Paper Battery Requirements for Plug-In NREL/CP-540-42240 Hybrid Electric Vehicles – July 2009 Analysis and Rationale A.A. Pesaran and T. Markel National Renewable Energy Laboratory H.S. Tataria General Motors Corporation D. Howell U.S. Department of Energy Presented at the 23rd International Electric Vehicle Symposium (EVS-23) Anaheim, California December 2–5, 2007 NOTICE The submitted manuscript has been offered by an employee of the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC (ASE), a contractor of the US Government under Contract No. DE-AC36-08-GO28308. Accordingly, the US Government and ASE retain a nonexclusive royalty-free license to publish or reproduce the published form of this contribution, or allow others to do so, for US Government purposes. This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States government. Neither the United States government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States government or any agency thereof. Available electronically at http://www.osti.gov/bridge Available for a processing fee to U.S. -
Advanced Components for Electric and Hybrid Electric Vehicles
M m III Hi 1 MIST ^^^^^^1 jljlll 1 iV PUBLICATIONS A11104 EfifilfiT United States Department of Commerce Technology Administration National Institute of Standards and Technology NIST Special Publication 860 Advanced Components for Electric and Hybrid Electric Vehicles Workshop Proceedings October 27-28, 1993 Gaithersburg, Maryland K. L. Stricklett, Editor 7he National Institute of Standards and Technology was established in 1988 by Congress to "assist industry in the development of technology . needed to improve product quality, to modernize manufacturing processes, to ensure product reliability . and to facilitate rapid commercialization ... of products based on new scientific discoveries." NIST, originally founded as the National Bureau of Standards in 1901, works to strengthen U.S. industry's competitiveness; advance science and engineering; and improve public health, safety, and the environment. One of the agency's basic functions is to develop, maintain, and retain custody of the national standards of measurement, and provide the means and methods for comparing standards used in science, engineering, manufacturing, commerce, industry, and education with the standards adopted or recognized by the Federal Government. As an agency of the U.S. Commerce Department's Technology Administration, NIST conducts basic and applied research in the physical sciences and engineering and performs related services. The Institute does generic and precompetitive work on new and advanced technologies. NIST's research facilities are located at Gaithersburg, -
Approve and Adopt Expanded Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle Program
Alfonso Baez Technology Advancement Office Background Identified need for Greater electrification as a future control strategy In-basin clean distributed generation South Coast Air Basin has great potential for renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, geothermal, and biogas Background (cont’d) In February 2011, the Board approved three goals and priorities Priority highlighted as important in achieving AQMD’s mission and goals Incentivize 5 MW of in-basin renewable distributed electricity generation and storage to support electric technology applications RFP #P2011-21 released May 6, 2011 Objectives Incentivize 5 MW or more of clean renewable energy and storage projects Support electric transportation technologies Assist commercial, institutional, large, and small residential facilities as well as power development partnerships Support a diversity of projects in terms of the eligible technologies Solicitation Received 46 proposals July 1, 2011 16 Solar PV 1 IC Engine biogas 15 Solar hybrid 1 Ice thermal 10 Fuel Cell biogas/ 1 Waste to Energy directed biogas 1 Lithium-Ion Battery 1 Wind $201M AQMD Funding requested $460M total project cost $259M cost-share 94 Megawatts of total generation Project Award Funding At January 2012 Board meeting 8 most competitive proposals awarded funding Overall project award funding was structured to achieve a diversity of projects in terms of the eligible technologies that qualify for the Self-Generation Incentive Program, California Solar Initiative Program and other sources -
Consumer Guide to Electric Vehicles
CONSUMER GUIDE TO ELECTRIC VEHICLES MARCH 2019 11006224 Today’s Choices in Cars Today’s electric car market is growing steadily, offering U.S. consumers more affordable, efficient, high-performance transportation options each year. Buy- ers can find an electric car in almost every vehicle class, with about 41 new models available today and about 132 projected by 2022. ELECTRIC VEHICLES DEMYSTIFIED Nationwide, a public charging net- This guide focuses exclusively on plug-in electric vehicles, work is expanding as well, enabling which have batteries that are recharged by plugging into more consumers to consider purchas- the electricity grid. There are two main types: battery ing an electric car. Most drivers still electric or all-electric vehicles, and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. prefer to charge at home, however, due to convenience and savings over All-electric vehicles use no gasoline and are powered time. They plug in and charge their solely by an electric motor (or motors) and battery. Battery technology is rapidly advancing, costs are declining, and cars overnight, just like their smart vehicle range is increasing. phones. At the U.S. national average price of 12.5 cents per kilowatt-hour Plug-in hybrids are powered by an electric motor (or motors) and battery paired with an internal combustion (kWh), electricity is roughly equivalent engine. Most drive solely on electricity using battery to gasoline at $1 a gallon. Plus, many energy until the battery is discharged, thereafter continuing electricity providers offer special elec- to drive on gasoline like a conventional hybrid. tric vehicle rates. Conventional hybrids have smaller batteries and do Displacing gasoline with domestic not plug in. -
Press Release IGNIS
Press Release IGNIS November 2016 Suzuki Motor Corporation Suzuki IGNIS – the new Ultra Compact SUV The new Ignis is an Ultra Compact SUV designed to offer a stylish exterior along with versatile functionality that is convenient and easy to use. Its new styling features strong presence that blends a fresh new look with elements that remain true to its Suzuki heritage. Suzuki’s lightweight and highly rigid new-generation platform incorporates a newly designed suspension system that delivers excellent handling. The SHVS (Smart Hybrid Vehicle by Suzuki) system employed by the 1.2 DUALJET engine supports delivering powerful performance and excellent fuel economy. Suzuki Motor Corporation unveiled the Ignis at the Paris Motor Show as its new global Ultra Compact SUV. The new Ignis wraps convenience and comfort in a stylish new exterior. It exudes Suzuki DNA from every pore, while at the same time introducing an entirely new design with a unique character. In addition to its simple and iconic styling, this Ultra Compact SUV offers the functionality and the performance to provide confident driving in a wide variety of conditions. Sales are scheduled to begin in Europe in January 2017. 1/9 Press Release IGNIS Concept 1. Design and utility In addition to its stylish exterior design, the Ignis features excellent visibility, an easy-to-drive size, a spacious cabin and capacious luggage space, as well as a sense of confidence, even on rough roads. The development goal was to create a purely iconic SUV styling that is undoubtedly Suzuki. 2. Fusing a “simple and iconic” design with Suzuki DNA While inheriting design elements of the first-generation Cervo and first-generation Vitara, as well as the previous generation Swift, the Ignis introduces simple straight lines and curves that accentuate its distinct personality and appeal, and that give a strong impression at first sight.