Battery Requirements for Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles – Analysis and Rationale
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Study on the Effects of Battery Capacity on the Performance of Hybrid Electric Vehicles
Missouri University of Science and Technology Scholars' Mine Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works Electrical and Computer Engineering 01 Sep 2008 Study on the Effects of Battery Capacity on the Performance of Hybrid Electric Vehicles Deepak Somayajula Andrew Meintz Mehdi Ferdowsi Missouri University of Science and Technology, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsmine.mst.edu/ele_comeng_facwork Part of the Electrical and Computer Engineering Commons Recommended Citation D. Somayajula et al., "Study on the Effects of Battery Capacity on the Performance of Hybrid Electric Vehicles," Proceedings of the IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (2008, Harbin, China), Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), Sep 2008. The definitive version is available at https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2008.4677504 This Article - Conference proceedings is brought to you for free and open access by Scholars' Mine. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works by an authorized administrator of Scholars' Mine. This work is protected by U. S. Copyright Law. Unauthorized use including reproduction for redistribution requires the permission of the copyright holder. For more information, please contact [email protected]. IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC), September 3-5, 2008, Harbin, China Study on the Effects of Battery Capacity on the Performance of Hybrid Electric Vehicles Deepak Somayajula, Andrew Meintz, and Mehdi Ferdowsi, Member, IEEE Power Electronics and Motor Drives Laboratory Missouri University of Science and Technology Rolla, MO 65409, USA Email: [email protected], [email protected], and [email protected] Abstract—Hybrid electric vehicles are gaining a significant the drive cycle and the battery assists the engine. -
Morgan Ellis Climate Policy Analyst and Clean Cities Coordinator DNREC [email protected] 302.739.9053
CLEAN TRANSPORTATION IN DELAWARE WILMAPCO’S OUR TOWN CONFERENCE THE PRESENTATION 1) What are alterative fuels? 2) The Fuels 3) What’s Delaware Doing? WHAT ARE ALTERNATIVE FUELED VEHICLES? • “Vehicles that run on a fuel other than traditional petroleum fuels (i.e. gas and diesel)” • Propane • Natural Gas • Electricity • Biodiesel • Ethanol • Hydrogen THERE’S A FUEL FOR EVERY FLEET! DELAWARE’S ALTERNATIVE FUELS • “Vehicles that run on a fuel other than traditional petroleum fuels (i.e. gas and diesel)” • Propane • Natural Gas • Electricity • Biodiesel • Ethanol • Hydrogen THE FUELS PROPANE • By-Product of Natural Gas • Compressed at high pressure to liquefy • Domestic Fuel Source • Great for: • School Busses • Step Vans • Larger Vans • Mid-Sized Vehicles COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS (CNG) • Predominately Methane • Uses existing pipeline distribution system to deliver gas • Good for: • Heavy-Duty Trucks • Passenger cars • School Buses • Waste Management Trucks • DNREC trucks PROPANE AND CNG INFRASTRUCTURE • 8 Propane Autogas Stations • 1 CNG Station • Fleet and Public Access with accounts ELECTRIC VEHICLES • Electricity is considered an alternative fuel • Uses electricity from a power source and stores it in batteries • Two types: • Battery Electric • Plug-in Hybrid • Great for: • Passenger Vehicles EV INFRASTRUCTURE • 61 charging stations in Delaware • At 26 locations • 37,000 Charging Stations in the United States • Three types: • Level 1 • Level 2 • D.C. Fast Charging TYPES OF CHARGING STATIONS Charger Current Type Voltage (V) Charging Primary Use Time Level 1 Alternating 120 V 2 to 5 miles Current (AC) per hour of Residential charge Level 2 AC 240 V 10 to 20 miles Residential per hour of and charge Commercial DC Fast Direct Current 480 V 60 to 80 miles (DC) per 20 min. -
Hybrid Electric Vehicles: a Review of Existing Configurations and Thermodynamic Cycles
Review Hybrid Electric Vehicles: A Review of Existing Configurations and Thermodynamic Cycles Rogelio León , Christian Montaleza , José Luis Maldonado , Marcos Tostado-Véliz * and Francisco Jurado Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Jaén, EPS Linares, 23700 Jaén, Spain; [email protected] (R.L.); [email protected] (C.M.); [email protected] (J.L.M.); [email protected] (F.J.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +34-953-648580 Abstract: The mobility industry has experienced a fast evolution towards electric-based transport in recent years. Recently, hybrid electric vehicles, which combine electric and conventional combustion systems, have become the most popular alternative by far. This is due to longer autonomy and more extended refueling networks in comparison with the recharging points system, which is still quite limited in some countries. This paper aims to conduct a literature review on thermodynamic models of heat engines used in hybrid electric vehicles and their respective configurations for series, parallel and mixed powertrain. It will discuss the most important models of thermal energy in combustion engines such as the Otto, Atkinson and Miller cycles which are widely used in commercial hybrid electric vehicle models. In short, this work aims at serving as an illustrative but descriptive document, which may be valuable for multiple research and academic purposes. Keywords: hybrid electric vehicle; ignition engines; thermodynamic models; autonomy; hybrid configuration series-parallel-mixed; hybridization; micro-hybrid; mild-hybrid; full-hybrid Citation: León, R.; Montaleza, C.; Maldonado, J.L.; Tostado-Véliz, M.; Jurado, F. Hybrid Electric Vehicles: A Review of Existing Configurations 1. Introduction and Thermodynamic Cycles. -
ICOM North American LLC Comments
DOCKETED Docket 16-ALT-02 Number: Project Title: 2017-2018 Investment Plan Update for the Alternative and Renewable Fuel and Vehicle Technology Program TN #: 214418 Document Title: ICOM North American LLC Comments: alt-fuel near zero engines and alt- fuel hybrids Description: N/A Filer: System Organization: ICOM North American LLC Submitter Role: Public Submission 11/7/2016 4:47:41 PM Date: Docketed Date: 11/7/2016 Comment Received From: jon vanbogart Submitted On: 11/7/2016 Docket Number: 16-ALT-02 alt-fuel near zero engines and alt-fuel hybrids Additional submitted attachment is included below. November 7, 2016 California Energy Commission 1516 Ninth Street Sacramento, CA 95814 Re: Comments on the 2017-2018 Investment Plan Update for the Alternative and Renewable Fuel and Vehicle Technology Program Dear California Energy Commissioners and Staff, ICOM North America LLC values the opportunity to provide comments on the 2017-2018 Investment Plan Update for the Alternative and Renewable Fuel and Vehicle Technology Program (ARFVTP). While we support the Energy Commission goals and investment in advanced transportation technologies to advance petroleum reduction goals and reduce emission for the State’s climate change initiatives. Near Zero – Lower NOx Engines and Alternative Fuel Hybrid Technology ICOM has provided sustainable fleets solutions for Propane-Autogas since 2004 with over 150 EPA certification covering more than 1000 vehicle platforms. As part of our 2017 strategy and beyond, ICOM will be offering CARB Certified Near Zero - Lower NOx engine technology for both Propane-AutoGas and CNG at or near the 0.02 NOx level for vehicle platforms above 14001 GVWR for both the Ford 6.8L and GM 6.0L engines. -
Fuel Economy of Plug-In Hybrid Electric and Hybrid Electric Vehicles: Effects of Vehicle Weight, Hybridization Ratio and Ambient Temperature
UC Riverside 2020 Publications Title Fuel Economy of Plug-In Hybrid Electric and Hybrid Electric Vehicles: Effects of Vehicle Weight, Hybridization Ratio and Ambient Temperature Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4z12798n Journal World Electric Vehicle Journal, 11(2) ISSN 2032-6653 Author Jung, Heejung Publication Date 2020-03-31 DOI 10.3390/wevj11020031 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Article Fuel Economy of Plug-In Hybrid Electric and Hybrid Electric Vehicles: Effects of Vehicle Weight, Hybridization Ratio and Ambient Temperature Heejung Jung 1,2 1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California Riverside, 900 University Ave, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; [email protected] 2 College of Engineering-Center for Environmental Research and Technology (CE-CERT), University of California Riverside, 1084 Columbia Ave, Riverside, CA 92507, USA Received: 10 December 2019; Accepted: 29 March 2020; Published: 31 March 2020 Abstract: Hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) are evolving rapidly since the introduction of Toyota Prius into the market in 1997. As the world needs more fuel-efficient vehicles to mitigate climate change, the role of HEVs and PHEVs are becoming ever more important. While fuel economies of HEVs and PHEVs are superior to those of internal combustion engine (ICE) powered vehicles, they are partially powered by batteries and therefore they resemble characteristics of battery electric vehicles (BEVs) such as dependence of fuel economy on ambient temperatures. It is also important to understand how different extent of hybridization (a.k.a., hybridization ratio) affects fuel economy under various driving conditions. -
The Hybrid Vehicle and Alternative Fuel Report September 30, 2016
ISSN 1946-1011 The Hybrid Vehicle and Alternative Fuel Report September 30, 2016 The fine print: This report is a summary of articles appearing in popular, business, and technical media referring to the impact of fuel costs and fuel efficiency on vehicle technology, development, and markets. At the end of the report is a list of all articles summarized, with hyperlinks to internet sources where available. Some articles may require free registration or paid subscriptions to access. The Hybrid Vehicle and Alternative Fuel Report (ISSN: 1946-1011) is compiled, written, and edited by Thomas L. R. Smith, Ph. D. (hereinafter referred to as “The Editor”), Economic Analysis Branch of the Budget and Financial Analysis Division, Washington State Department of Transportation. Contact The Hybrid Vehicle and Alternative Fuel Report’s editor at [email protected] or (360) 705-7941. Contributions of news items, original articles, cookies, and positive comments about The Report are welcome. TABLE OF CONTENTS HYBRIDS .......................................................................................................................................................................... 1 ELECTRIC VEHICLES ...................................................................................................................................................... 1 ALTERNATIVE FUELS ..................................................................................................................................................... 4 COMING TO A LOCATION NEAR YOU -
EPRI Journal--Driving the Solution: the Plug-In Hybrid Vehicle
DRIVING THE SOLUTION THE PLUG-IN HYBRID VEHICLE by Lucy Sanna The Story in Brief As automakers gear up to satisfy a growing market for fuel-efficient hybrid electric vehicles, the next- generation hybrid is already cruis- ing city streets, and it can literally run on empty. The plug-in hybrid charges directly from the electricity grid, but unlike its electric vehicle brethren, it sports a liquid fuel tank for unlimited driving range. The technology is here, the electricity infrastructure is in place, and the plug-in hybrid offers a key to replacing foreign oil with domestic resources for energy indepen- dence, reduced CO2 emissions, and lower fuel costs. DRIVING THE SOLUTION THE PLUG-IN HYBRID VEHICLE by Lucy Sanna n November 2005, the first few proto vide a variety of battery options tailored 2004, more than half of which came from Itype plugin hybrid electric vehicles to specific applications—vehicles that can imports. (PHEVs) will roll onto the streets of New run 20, 30, or even more electric miles.” With growing global demand, particu York City, Kansas City, and Los Angeles Until recently, however, even those larly from China and India, the price of a to demonstrate plugin hybrid technology automakers engaged in conventional barrel of oil is climbing at an unprece in varied environments. Like hybrid vehi hybrid technology have been reluctant to dented rate. The added cost and vulnera cles on the market today, the plugin embrace the PHEV, despite growing rec bility of relying on a strategic energy hybrid uses battery power to supplement ognition of the vehicle’s potential. -
A Review of Range Extenders in Battery Electric Vehicles: Current Progress and Future Perspectives
Review A Review of Range Extenders in Battery Electric Vehicles: Current Progress and Future Perspectives Manh-Kien Tran 1,* , Asad Bhatti 2, Reid Vrolyk 1, Derek Wong 1 , Satyam Panchal 2 , Michael Fowler 1 and Roydon Fraser 2 1 Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L3G1, Canada; [email protected] (R.V.); [email protected] (D.W.); [email protected] (M.F.) 2 Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L3G1, Canada; [email protected] (A.B.); [email protected] (S.P.); [email protected] (R.F.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-519-880-6108 Abstract: Emissions from the transportation sector are significant contributors to climate change and health problems because of the common use of gasoline vehicles. Countries in the world are attempting to transition away from gasoline vehicles and to electric vehicles (EVs), in order to reduce emissions. However, there are several practical limitations with EVs, one of which is the “range anxiety” issue, due to the lack of charging infrastructure, the high cost of long-ranged EVs, and the limited range of affordable EVs. One potential solution to the range anxiety problem is the use of range extenders, to extend the driving range of EVs while optimizing the costs and performance of the vehicles. This paper provides a comprehensive review of different types of EV range extending technologies, including internal combustion engines, free-piston linear generators, fuel cells, micro Citation: Tran, M.-K.; Bhatti, A.; gas turbines, and zinc-air batteries, outlining their definitions, working mechanisms, and some recent Vrolyk, R.; Wong, D.; Panchal, S.; Fowler, M.; Fraser, R. -
A Comparative Analysis of Well-To-Wheel Primary Energy
Journal of Power Sources 249 (2014) 333e348 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Power Sources journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jpowsour A comparative analysis of well-to-wheel primary energy demand and greenhouse gas emissions for the operation of alternative and conventional vehicles in Switzerland, considering various energy carrier production pathways Mashael Yazdanie*, Fabrizio Noembrini, Lionel Dossetto, Konstantinos Boulouchos Aerothermochemistry and Combustion Systems Laboratory, Institute of Energy Technology, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, ML J41.3, Sonneggstrasse 3, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland highlights Operational GHG emissions and energy demand are found for alternative drivetrains. Well-to-wheel results are compared for several H2/electricity production pathways. Pluggable electric cars (PECs) yield the lowest WTW GHG emissions and energy demand. Fuel cell car WTW results are on par with PECs for direct chemical H2 production. ICE and hybrid cars using biogas and CNG also yield some of the lowest WTW results. article info abstract Article history: This study provides a comprehensive analysis of well-to-wheel (WTW) primary energy demand and Received 4 June 2013 greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions for the operation of conventional and alternative passenger vehicle Received in revised form drivetrains. Results are determined based on a reference vehicle, drivetrain/production process effi- 9 September 2013 ciencies, and lifecycle inventory data specific to Switzerland. WTW performance is compared to a gas- Accepted 12 October 2013 oline internal combustion engine vehicle (ICEV). Both industrialized and novel hydrogen and electricity Available online 21 October 2013 production pathways are evaluated. A strong case is presented for pluggable electric vehicles (PEVs) due to their high drivetrain efficiency. -
Prospects for Bi-Fuel and Flex-Fuel Light Duty Vehicles
Prospects for Bi-Fuel and Flex-Fuel Light-Duty Vehicles An MIT Energy Initiative Symposium April 19, 2012 MIT Energy Initiative Symposium on Prospects for Bi-Fuel and Flex-Fuel Light-Duty Vehicles | April 19, 2012 C Prospects for Bi-Fuel and Flex-Fuel Light-Duty Vehicles An MIT Energy Initiative Symposium April 19, 2012 ABOUT THE REPORT Summary for Policy Makers The April 19, 2012, MIT Energy Initiative Symposium addressed Prospects for Bi-Fuel and Flex-Fuel Light-Duty Vehicles. The symposium focused on natural gas, biofuels, and motor gasoline as fuels for light-duty vehicles (LDVs) with a time horizon of the next two to three decades. The important transportation alternatives of electric and hybrid vehicles (this was the subject of the 2010 MITEi Symposium1) and hydrogen/fuel-cell vehicles, a longer-term alternative, were not considered. There are three motivations for examining alternative transportation fuels for LDVs: (1) lower life cycle cost of transportation for the consumer, (2) reduction in the greenhouse gas (GHG) footprint of the transportation sector (an important contributor to total US GHG emissions), and (3) improved energy security resulting from greater use of domestic fuels and reduced liquid fuel imports. An underlying question is whether a flex-fuel/bi-fuel mandate for new LDVs would drive development of a robust alternative fuels market and infrastructure versus alternative fuel use requirements. Symposium participants agreed on these motivations. However, in this symposium in contrast to past symposiums, there was a striking lack of agreement about the direction to which the market might evolve, about the most promising technologies, and about desirable government action. -
Gasoline-Electric Hybrid Synergy Drive
Gasoline-Electric Hybrid Synergy Drive AHV40 Series Foreword In March 2006, Toyota released the Toyota CAMRY gasoline-electric hybrid vehicle in North America. Except where noted in this guide, basic vehicle systems and features for the CAMRY hybrid are the same as those on the conventional, non-hybrid, Toyota CAMRY. To educate and assist emergency responders in the safe handling of the CAMRY hybrid technology, Toyota published this CAMRY hybrid Emergency Response Guide. High voltage electricity powers the electric motor, generator, A/C compressor, and inverter/converter. All other automotive electrical devices such as the headlights, power steering, horn, radio, and gauges are powered from a separate 12 Volts battery. Numerous safeguards have been designed into the CAMRY to help ensure the high voltage, approximately 245 Volts, Nickel Metal Hydride (NiMH) Hybrid Vehicle (HV) battery pack is kept safe and secure in an accident. Additional topics contained in the guide include: N Toyota CAMRY identification. N Major hybrid component locations and descriptions. By following the information in this guide, dismantlers will be able to handle the CAMRY hybrid-electric vehicle as safely as the dismantling of a conventional gasoline engine automobile. ¤ 2006 Toyota Motor Corporation All rights reserved. This book may not be reproduced or copied, in whole or in part, without the written permission of Toyota Motor Corporation ii Table of Contents About the CAMRY.........................................................................................................................1 -
Autonomie Vehicle Validation Summary
Autonomie Vehicle Validation Summary Aymeric Rousseau, Neeraj Shidore, Dominik Karbowski, Phil Sharer Argonne National Laboratory This presentation does not contain any proprietary, confidential, or otherwise restricted information Outline . Validation Process . Component Model Development and Validation . Vehicle Validation Examples – Conventional Vehicles – Mild Hybrids – Full Hybrids – Plug-in Hybrids (Blended) – E-REV PHEV – BEV . Thermal Model Validation Overview 2 Generic Process to Validate Models Developed over the Past 15 Years Vehicle Instrumentation, Test Selection Test data analysis using ‘Import Test Data’ function in Autonomie - Evaluate individual sensors (QC) - Estimate additional signals for each component - Component performance data estimation - Find key parameter values and control scheme Calibration and validation of the vehicle model with test data Vehicle model development - Dynamic performance validation - Energy consumption validation - Develop models - Instantiate models To quickly and accurately predict or evaluate the energy - Develop low and high level control strategies consumption and dynamic performance of the vehicle under various driving conditions. 3 Advanced Vehicle Laboratory Capabilities 4 In-depth Approach to Vehicle Instrumentation . Significant instrumentation contributes to detailed vehicle/component understanding (120+ signals collected) Many Signal Sources . Torque sensors (axles) . Components Speeds . Coolant flow sensors . Coolant / Component temperatures . Exhaust temperatures, emissions