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AIRSERBIA Specijal Broj 5 http://www.airserbia.com specijalno izdanje AIRSERBIA magazina, jul 2007 8800 GODINAGODINA USPONAUSPONA I PPADOVAADOVA BBALKANSKOGALKANSKOG VVAZDUHOPLOVNOGAZDUHOPLOVNOG JJATAT BBISERAISERA BESPLATNO ŠTAMPANO IZDANJE AIRSERBIA BROJ 5 “JAT - 80 godina uspona i padova balkanskog vazduhoplovnog bisera” uri: http://www.airserbia.com e-mail: [email protected] Glavni i odgovorni urednik AIRSERBIA Dejan Vukmirović / [email protected] Glavni i odgovorni urednik štampanog izdanja AIRSERBIA Dejan Vukmirović Autor broja: Srpska nacionalna aviokompanija Jat Airways direktan je naslednik kompanija Aeroput Igor Božinovski / [email protected] i Jugoslovenski Aero Transport. Igor Božinovski istraživao je i predstavio nam nastanak Fotografi je: ove kompanije, razvoj tokom osam decenija i trenutno stanje u kompaniji. U godini u Ben Karlik, Bob Garrad, Eduard Marmet, Gustavo Bertran Gonzales, Helmut Bierbaum, Igor Božinovski, Igor Černiševski, kojoj proslavlja 80-tu godišnjicu Jat Airways očekuje rizična transformacija u kojoj bi Jat Airways, Jerome Zbinden, Jorge Albanese, Marcelo Fouqet, Martin Oertle, Petr Popelar i Tomas Galla. trebalo doći do promene vlasništva nad kompanijom. Ako taj proces prođe kako treba to Ilustracija: će na kraju voditi ka obnavljanju i podmlađivanju već odavno zastarele fl ote i vraćanju Uroš Krajinović kompanije bar na one pozicije na kojima je bila krajem osamdesetih godina prošlog veka Stručni saradnici: Đorđe Nikolić, Goran Limić, Igor Černiševski i Marko Radović kada je nosila čuveno ime JAT – Jugoslovenski Aero Transport. 3 ožda će nekim čitaocima ovo zvučati čudno, ali je inicijativu za osnivanjem prve domaće komercijalne zadesila prva vazdušna saobraćajna nesreća. Taj avion, je registraciju YU-SAR. Prevozio je putnike na linijama od Mjedna od najstarijih aviokompanija na svetu dolazi avio-kompanije obezbeđujući 10-godišnje subven- registrovan kao YU-SAH, srušio se blizu Ljubljane 12. Beograda prema Sarajevu, Podgorici i Skoplju sve dok upravo sa Balkana. Jat Airways, nacionalni avio prevoznik cionisanje koje bi pokrivalo 75% troškova koje kom- septembra 1933. godine i u toj nesreći poginulo je svih ga 1941. godine nije uništila njegova sopstvena posada u Srbiji direktan je naslednik manje poznatog Aeroputa i panija ostvari na poslovima u vezi sa letovima. Društvo osam ljudi koji su se nalazili u avionu. Dalje povećavanje na aerodromu Divci kod Valjeva da ne bi pao u ruke sila potom čuvenog JAT-a. JAT je pre krvavog raspada bivše za vazdušni saobraćaj, Aeroput zvanično je osnovano svoje fl ote Aeroput je nastavio tokom 1932. godine kada Osovine koje su izvršile invaziju na Jugoslaviju. SFR Jugoslavije bio veoma dobro poznat u svetu kao 17-og juna 1927 godine. Za manje od godinu dana, 15. je nabavio dva aviona od proizvođača „de Havilland Air- jedna moćna jugoslovenska kompanija koja je imala re- februara 1928, Aeroput započeo je svoju prvu domaću craft Co. Ltd”. Jedan je bio avion tipa DH.60M Moth, a eroput je tokom 1937. godine povukao iz upotrebe dovne linije prema 80 domaćih i inostranih destinacija liniju između Beograda i Zagreba. Za taj posao korišćeni drugi DH.83 Fox Moth. U toku te iste godine Aeroput je Advokrilce Potez 29-2 koji su već odavno bili za- na pet kontinenata, opslužujući u proseku 4.5 miliona su avioni francuske konstrukcije Potez 29-2, dvokrilci sa započeo modernizaciju svoje fl ote naručivši u Velikoj Bri- stareli, i nemajući drugog izbora time je započeo pro- putnika i prevozeći 46 hiljada tona tereta godišnje. jednim motorom i 5 sedišta. Ukupno šest aviona ovog taniji dva potpuno metalna tromotorna aviona sa osam ces zamene dela svoje fl ote za modernijim tipovima Preživljavajući raspad države koja ga je osnovala i jugo- tipa bilo je isporučeno Aeroputu do 1929 godine kada je sedišta tipa Spartan Cruiser Mark II, sa dodatkom trećeg aviona. Zahvaljujući povećanju državnih subvencija slovenski građanski rat tokom devedesetih JAT je pro- linija Beograd-Zagreb produžena do Beča preko Graca koji je izrađen u srpskoj fabrici aviona Zmaj. Taj treći i njihovom produženju na još dve godine Aeroput je menio ime u Jat Airways i uprkos rastućim problemima postajući time međunarodna linija. Iste godine Aero- avion bio je isporučen Aeroputu 1935. godine. Takođe bio u mogućnosti da u Sjedinjenim Državama naruči kompanija se sada trudi da obnovi svoju zastarelu fl otu put je započeo letove na liniji Beograd-Skoplje. Ta linija tokom 1932. godine Aeroput je izvršio svoju prvu akciju dva aviona tipa Lockheed L.10A Electra. Ovi avioni su i da vrati, ukoliko je to moguće, svoje pozicije na tržištu je 1930 godine produžena do Soluna. Raspored leten- zaprašivanja iz vazduha. Akcija je izvršena iznad bosan- bili dvomotorci, metalne konstrukcije i bili su isporučeni koje je JAT imao osamdesetih. Ali, da se vratimo u nazad i ja je usaglašen sa ostalim članicama Međunarodnog skih šuma upotrebom jednog od aviona tipa Potez 29-2 jula 1937. godine. Aeroput je kasnije nabavio još šest da vidimo kako je uopšte započela ova balkanska priča. udruženja za civilni avio saobraćaj IATA (International Air koji je bio posebno modifi kovan za ovaj zadatak. aviona istog tipa. Dva aviona priključila su se fl oti 1938. Transport Association) kojem je Aeroput pristupio kao godine dok su preostala četiri nabavljena 1939. godine. punopravni član 1929. godine. Iste godine, tačnije 3. ok- okom narednih godina Aeroput je uspeo da proširi Sa ukupno osam novih i modernih aviona L.10A Electra Aeroput (1927-1941) tobra 1929. Kraljevina Srba, Hrvata i Slovenaca promenila Tvećinu svojih domaćih linija što je dovelo do novih Aeroput je do 1941. godine uspeo da značajno poveća je ime u Kraljevina Jugoslavija. Time je Aeroput postao isporuka aviona. 1934. godine Aeroput je kupio jedan frekvenciju saobraćanja na domaćim linijama dok je ahvaljujući svom specifi čnom položaju na raskršću nacionalni avio prevoznik Kraljevine Jugoslavije. avion iz domaće proizvodnje tipa Breguet XIX.10 dvokri- mrežu međunarodnih linija proširio do Sofi je, Tirane Zmnogih svetskih puteva, Kraljevina Srba, Hrvata i lac koji je ostao u upotrebi sve do 1937. godine. Juna (preko Podgorice), Torina (preko Venecije i Milana), Pra- Slovenaca i njeni građani uvek su bili u dodiru sa svim okom 1931. godine Aeroput je proširio svoju fl otu 1936. godine, potpuno nov De Havilland DH.89 Dragon ga (preko Beča i Brna), Bukurešta i Budimpešte. Samo svetskim tokovima pa tako i sa avijacijom. Glavni grad i Tkupovinom jednog Fermana F.306, tromotornog vi- Rapide, dvomotorni avion za kratke relacije dodat je tokom 1940. godine kompanija je prevezla preko 16,000 ujedno i najveći grad kraljevine, Beograd, postao je 1923 sokokrilca čija kabina je primala osam putnika, kao i jed- fl oti Aeroputa. Naredne godine usledile su isporuke dva putnika i 232 tona tereta na domaćim i međunarodnim godine deo međunarodnog sistema za vazduhoplovnu nog De Hevilenda DH80A Puss Moth, jednomotornog dvomotorna aviona francuske proizvodnje Caudron linijama ukupne dužine od oko 726000 kilometara. Ko- civilnu plovidbu kada su avioni kompanije „Franco-Ro- visokokrilca. Dok je ovaj drugi ostao upamćen kao prvi C.448 Goeland. Ti avioni su bili takođe namenjeni za liko je značajan taj napredak koji je Aeroput zabeležio maine“ započeli letove na liniji Pariz-Istambul sa zaustav- Aeroputov taksi avion koji je bio aktivno korišćen sve letove na kraćim distancama, bili su drvene konstruk- 1940. godine može se jasno videti kada se pređašnji po- ljanjem u Pančevu. Prepoznajući budući razvoj komerci- dok nije prodat Velikoj Britaniji 1933. godine, Farman je cije sa uvlačećim stajnim trapom i u svoje vreme imali daci uporede sa podacima iz perioda 1928-1940 tokom jalne avijacije, Kraljevina Srba, Hrvata i Slovenaca podržala ušao u istoriju Aeroputa kao avion sa kojim je kompaniju su izuzetno konfornu kabinu namenjenu za prevoz do kog je Aeroput izvršio ukupno 21187 letova, preletevši sedam putnika. Dodatno, Aeroput je nabavio i jedan 4817482 kilometra i prevozeći 77510 putnika i 773 tona primerak aviona sopstvenog dizajna pod oznakom tereta. M.M.S.-3. Avion je bio dvomotorac, sa tri sedišta i nosio Farman F.306 koji je kupljen 1931. godine srušio se 12. septembra 1933. u blizini Ljubljane. Tom prilikom poginulo je svih Proširenje svoje fl ote Aeroput je izveo tokom 1932. godine nabavkom ovog DH.83 Fox Moth koji je registrovan pod jugo- osam osoba u avionu. To je bila prva avionska nesreća koja je zadesila Aeroput. Foto: Jat Airways. slovenskom oznakom UN-SAK. Foto: Jat Airways. 4 5 airserbia.com BESPLATNO ŠTAMPANO IZDANJE AIRSERBIA BROJ 5, jul 2007 eđutim, dalji razvoj kompanije Aeroput je bio Novi počeci… kao YU-ABC, srušio u fazi prilaza aerodromu Titograd. srušio 19. Juna 1951. godine za vreme leta od Rijeke do Mprekinut kada su nemačke trupe i njihovi savezni- Meteorološki uslovi na aerodromu su bili vrlo nepovoljni Zagreba, usmrtivši svih 14 osoba. Četiri meseca kasnije ci izvršili invaziju na Jugoslaviju 6. aprila 1941. godine. ratko nakon završetka Drugog Svetskog rata, no- jer je u toku bila snežna oluja. Avion je pao i izgoreo 3 22. Oktobra 1951. godine, DC-3 (YU-ACC) srušio se na Najupotrebljiviji avioni Aeroputa odmah su uključeni u Kvoformirani Prvi transportni puk Jugoslovenskog kilometra od aerodroma Titograd. Tom prilikom je pogi- liniji Beograd-Skoplje i u ovom udesu je poginulo svih VVKJ – vojno vazduhoplovstvo Kraljevine Jugoslavije, i Ratnog Vazduhoplovstva organizovao je stalne trans- nulo svih 22 putnika i članova posade. 1948. godine 12 osoba. Pored tih tragičnih događaja, JAT-ovi avioni korišćeni su kao podrška u odbrani kraljevine. portne linije izmeđju najvećih jugoslovenskih gradova. JAT je povukao iz upotrebe sva tri Ju-52 dok je u isto su imali četiri ozbiljna međunarodna incidenta za vreme Takođe, na prvim međunarodnim letovima od Beograda vreme u fl otu uvrstio jos četiri aviona DC-3/C-47 a kasnije 1951. i 1952. godine. 8. Juna 1951. godine JAT-ov DC-3 est Elektri se pridružilo 732. Skvadronu transportne do Praga i Tirane, prevezeno je 10086 putnika i 101 tona u toku 1949. još jedan, i 1950. godine još tri aviona ovog (YU-ABE) bio je prinuđen da sleti u Vitelzbah (Wittels- Šgrupe VVKJ i korišćene su za hitnu dostavu pošte kao i tereta i to je ostvareno pre kraja 1946.
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