Insights from Poland
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The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth As a Political Space: Its Unity and Complexity*
Chapter 8 The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth as a Political Space: Its Unity and Complexity* Satoshi Koyama Introduction The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (Rzeczpospolita) was one of the largest states in early modern Europe. In the second half of the sixteenth century, after the union of Lublin (1569), the Polish-Lithuanian state covered an area of 815,000 square kilometres. It attained its greatest extent (990,000 square kilometres) in the first half of the seventeenth century. On the European continent there were only two larger countries than Poland-Lithuania: the Grand Duchy of Moscow (c.5,400,000 square kilometres) and the European territories of the Ottoman Empire (840,000 square kilometres). Therefore the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth was the largest country in Latin-Christian Europe in the early modern period (Wyczański 1973: 17–8). In this paper I discuss the internal diversity of the Commonwealth in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries and consider how such a huge territorial complex was politically organised and integrated. * This paper is a part of the results of the research which is grant-aided by the ‘Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research’ program of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science in 2005–2007. - 137 - SATOSHI KOYAMA 1. The Internal Diversity of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth Poland-Lithuania before the union of Lublin was a typical example of a composite monarchy in early modern Europe. ‘Composite state’ is the term used by H. G. Koenigsberger, who argued that most states in early modern Europe had been ‘composite states, including more than one country under the sovereignty of one ruler’ (Koenigsberger, 1978: 202). -
Pomorskie Voivodeship Development Strategy 2020
Annex no. 1 to Resolution no. 458/XXII/12 Of the Sejmik of Pomorskie Voivodeship of 24th September 2012 on adoption of Pomorskie Voivodeship Development Strategy 2020 Pomorskie Voivodeship Development Strategy 2020 GDAŃSK 2012 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS I. OUTPUT SITUATION ………………………………………………………… 6 II. SCENARIOS AND VISION OF DEVELOPMENT ………………………… 18 THE PRINCIPLES OF STRATEGY AND ROLE OF THE SELF- III. 24 GOVERNMENT OF THE VOIVODESHIP ………..………………………… IV. CHALLENGES AND OBJECTIVES …………………………………………… 28 V. IMPLEMENTATION SYSTEM ………………………………………………… 65 3 4 The shape of the Pomorskie Voivodeship Development Strategy 2020 is determined by 8 assumptions: 1. The strategy is a tool for creating development targeting available financial and regulatory instruments. 2. The strategy covers only those issues on which the Self-Government of Pomorskie Voivodeship and its partners in the region have a real impact. 3. The strategy does not include purely local issues unless there is a close relationship between the local needs and potentials of the region and regional interest, or when the local deficits significantly restrict the development opportunities. 4. The strategy does not focus on issues of a routine character, belonging to the realm of the current operation and performing the duties and responsibilities of legal entities operating in the region. 5. The strategy is selective and focused on defining the objectives and courses of action reflecting the strategic choices made. 6. The strategy sets targets amenable to verification and establishment of commitments to specific actions and effects. 7. The strategy outlines the criteria for identifying projects forming part of its implementation. 8. The strategy takes into account the specific conditions for development of different parts of the voivodeship, indicating that not all development challenges are the same everywhere in their nature and seriousness. -
EU-Parlament: Ausschussvorsitzende Und Deren Stellvertreter*Innen Auf Den Konstituierenden Sitzungen Am Mittwoch, 10
EU-Parlament: Ausschussvorsitzende und deren Stellvertreter*innen Auf den konstituierenden Sitzungen am Mittwoch, 10. Juli 2019, haben die siebenundzwanzig permanenten Ausschüsse des EU-Parlaments ihre Vorsitzenden und Stellvertreter*innen gewählt. Nachfolgend die Ergebnisse (Reihenfolge analog zur Auflistung auf den Seiten des Europäischen Parlaments): Ausschuss Vorsitzender Stellvertreter Witold Jan WASZCZYKOEDKI (ECR, PL) AFET Urmas PAET (Renew, EE) David McALLISTER (EPP, DE) Auswärtige Angelegenheiten Sergei STANISHEV (S&D, BG) Željana ZOVKO (EPP, HR) Bernard GUETTA (Renew, FR) DROI Hannah NEUMANN (Greens/EFA, DE) Marie ARENA (S&D, BE) Menschenrechte Christian SAGARTZ (EPP, AT) Raphael GLUCKSMANN (S&D, FR) Nikos ANDROULAKIS (S&D, EL) SEDE Kinga GÁL (EPP, HU) Nathalie LOISEAU (RE, FR) Sicherheit und Verteidigung Özlem DEMIREL (GUE/NGL, DE) Lukas MANDL (EPP, AT) Pierrette HERZBERGER-FOFANA (Greens/EFA, DE) DEVE Norbert NEUSER (S&D, DE) Tomas TOBÉ (EPP, SE) Entwicklung Chrysoula ZACHAROPOULOU (RE, FR) Erik MARQUARDT (Greens/EFA, DE) Seite 1 14.01.2021 Jan ZAHRADIL (ECR, CZ) INTA Iuliu WINKLER (EPP, RO) Bernd LANGE (S&D, DE) Internationaler Handel Anna-Michelle ASIMAKOPOULOU (EPP, EL) Marie-Pierre VEDRENNE (RE, FR) Janusz LEWANDOWSKI (EPP, PL) BUDG Oliver CHASTEL (RE, BE) Johan VAN OVERTVELDT (ECR, BE) Haushalt Margarida MARQUES (S&D, PT) Niclas HERBST (EPP, DE) Isabel GARCÍA MUÑOZ (S&D, ES) CONT Caterina CHINNICI (S&D, IT) Monika HOHLMEIER (EPP, DE) Haushaltskontrolle Martina DLABAJOVÁ (RE, CZ) Tamás DEUTSCH (EPP, HU) Luděk NIEDERMAYER -
Agroinvest Gender Analysis: Opportunities to Strengthen Family
AgroInvest Project GENDER ANALYSIS: OPPORTUNITIES TO STRENGTHEN FAMILY FARMS AND THE AGRICULTURE SECTOR IN UKRAINE August 2013 This publication was produced for review by the United States Agency for International Development. It was prepared by Chemonics International Inc. The author’s views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the United States Agency for International Development or the United States Government. GENDER ANALYSIS: OPPORTUNITIES TO STRENGTHEN FAMILY FARMS AND THE AGRICULTURE SECTOR IN UKRAINE Contract No.AID-121-C-1100001 CONTENTS Executive Summary ............................................................................................. 2 Acronyms……………………………………………………………………………….11 Acknowledgements……………………………………………………………………12 A. Introduction ..................................................................................................... 13 B. Background: The Gender Equality Context in Ukraine…………………….…..15 C. Gender Analysis Methodology........................................................................ 18 D. Portrait of Ukrainian Woman Farmers and the Family Farm .......................... 21 E. Analysis of Gender-related Constraints ......................................................... 37 F. Recommendations .......................................................................................... 45 Annexes: Annex A: Written Sources Reviewed ........................................................... 50 Annex B: List of Informants ......................................................................... -
IV SA/Wa 558/07 - Judgment of the Regional Administrative Court in Warsaw LEX No 460565 Judgment of the Regional Administrative Court in Warsaw of 8 November 2007
IV SA/Wa 558/07 - Judgment of the Regional Administrative Court in Warsaw LEX No 460565 Judgment of the Regional Administrative Court in Warsaw of 8 November 2007. IV SA/Wa 558/07 THESIS (current) A resolution of the regional council concerning the spatial development plan of the voivodship is not an act of local law and thus does not have any direct legal effect. Since the resolution is not universally binding, it does not interfere with the applicants' proprietary rights with respect to the plots of land through which the planned road route is to run. It is only at the stage of the planning work and adoption of the local spatial development plan that the applicants will be able to raise such an objection. JUSTIFICATION Chairperson: WSA Judge Małgorzata Miron. WSA Judges: Alina Balicka (spr.), Assessor Marta Laskowska. Protokolant: Dominik Nowak. Sentence The Regional Administrative Court in Warsaw, having examined on the hearing on 8 November 2007 the case of Elżbieta K. and Janusz K. against the resolution No. 65/2004 of the Regional Assembly of the Mazowieckie Voivodeship of 7 June 2004 on adopting the Spatial Development Plan for the Mazowieckie Voivodeship - dismisses the complaint. Factual reasons By Resolution No. 65/2004 of 7 June 2004, the Regional Assembly of the Mazowieckie Voivodeship acting on the basis of Article 18 point 3 of the Act of 5 June 1998 on regional self- government (Journal of Laws 2001 No. 142, item 1510 as amended) in connection with Article 85 point 2 of the Act of 27 March 2003 on spatial planning and development (Journal of Laws No. -
The Funnel Beaker Culture in Western Lesser Poland: Yesterday and Today
Archaeologia Polona, vol. 57: 2019, 79-101 PL ISSN 0066-5924 DOI:10.23858/APa57.2019.006 The Funnel Beaker Culture in Western Lesser Poland: Yesterday and Today Marek Nowaka Although Jan Kowalczyk’s work on the Funnel Beaker culture (TRB) did not particularly refer to western Lesser Poland, many of his general and detailed reflections on Neolithic archae- ology can be utilized to better characterise this culture in this territory. The TRB appeared there c. 3750/3700 BC and existed until c. 2800 BC. “Funnel Beaker” acculturation of the late Lengyel-Polgár populations could play a large part in the origins of the local branch of this culture. For many years, the TRB seemed to be scarcely represented. This notion has changed since early 1970s onwards, due to more and more intensive investigations. Currently, western Lesser Poland is perceived as an equally important region of the TRB development as other the most important ones both in Lowland and Upland zones. The local TRB communities were characterised by varied patterns of settlement and economic behaviours. These patterns were correlated with ecological differences. KEY-WORDS: Funnel Beaker culture; western Lesser Poland; absolute chronology; Jan Kowalczyk. I never had the opportunity to meet Jan Kowalczyk in person. This was due to generational disparities as well as due to us belonging to slightly different research schools. I encountered his name, of course, during my studies, when my archaeological specialization began to crystallize. It quickly became clear to me that he was an extraor- dinary figure that left a significant mark on Polish archaeology. -
Morbidity and Mortality Due to Cervical Cancer in Poland After Introduction
Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine 2012, Vol 19, No 4, 680-685 www.aaem.pl ORIGINAL ARTICLE Morbidity and mortality due to cervical cancer in Poland after introduction of the Act – National Programme for Control of Cancerous Diseases Iwona Bojar1,2, Radunka Cvejić2, Maria Danuta Głowacka3, Anna Koprowicz2, Ewa Humeniuk4, Alfred Owoc2 1 Department for Health Problems of Ageing, Institute of Rural Health in Lublin, Poland 2 Higher School of Public Health, Zielona Góra, Poland 3 Chair of Health Sciences, Medical University, Poznań, Poland 4 Department of Pathology and Rehabilitation of Speech, Medical University, Lublin, Poland Bojar I, Cvejić R, Głowacka MD, Koprowicz A, Humeniuk E, Owoc A. Morbidity and mortality due to cervical cancer in Poland after introduction of the Act – National Programme for Control of Cancerous Diseases. Ann Agric Environ Med. 2012; 19(4): 680-685. Abstract In 2005 in Poland, referring to the recommendations by the National Health Programme and recommendations by the European Union, the National Programme for Control of Cancerous Diseases was implemented by virtue of the Act, one of its basic assumptions being an improvement of oncologic awareness among the Polish population. It is expected that the result of actions in this respect will be an increase in reporting rates for prophylactic examinations and a decrease in the number of deaths due to cancerous diseases. The objective of the study was presentation of the analysis of morbidity and mortality due to cervical cancer in Poland and in individual regions, after the implementation of the National Programme for Control of Cancerous Diseases. The data was obtained from the Oncology Centre and from the computer Information System for Prophylaxis Monitoring (SIMP). -
Resources Concerning the History of Polish Jews in Castle Court Records of the 17Th and 18Th Centuries in the Central State Historical Archives in Kyiv and Lviv
SCRIPTA JUDAICA CRACOVIENSIA Vol. 18 (2020) pp. 127–140 doi:10.4467/20843925SJ.20.009.13877 www.ejournals.eu/Scripta-Judaica-Cracoviensia Resources Concerning the History of Polish Jews in Castle Court Records of the 17th and 18th Centuries in the Central State Historical Archives in Kyiv and Lviv Przemysław Zarubin https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4845-0839 (Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Poland) e-mail: [email protected] Keywords: archival sources, Ukraine, Lviv, Kyiv, castle court, 17th century, 18th century Abstract: The article presents types of sources which have thus far not been used, castle court books kept in the archives of the Ukrainian cities of Lviv and Kyiv. The author emphasizes the importance of these sources for research on the history and culture of Polish Jews in the 17th and 18th centuries. He also specifies the types of documents related to Jewish issues authenticated in these books (e.g. manifestations and lawsuits, declarations of the Radom Tribunal), as well as current source publications and internet databases containing selected documents from Ukrainian archives. The Central State Historical Archive in Lviv (CDIAL) (known as the Bernadine Ar- chive) and the Central State Historical Archive in Kyiv (CDIAUK) both have exten- sive collections of records of the so-called castle courts (sądy grodzkie), also known as local Starost courts (sądy starościńskie) for the nobility: from the Bełz and Ruthe- nian Voivodeships in the Lviv archive; and from the Łuck, Podolia, Kyiv, and Bracław Voivodeships in the Kyiv archive. This is particularly important because – in the light of Jewish population counts taken in 1764–1765 for the purpose of poll tax assessment – these areas were highly populated by Jews. -
Introduction Attractions Along the Route
Martyrs. Nearby, you will find yet anoth- was established in Sławatycze, Introduction Horse stable by J. Gumowski in Wygoda, er wooden temple, called the Martyrium the monastery of The Green Velo Eastern Cycle Trail, covering 1980 km, is the longest cy- by J. Gumowski Pratulińskie. It was erected at the very Missionary Ob- cle route in Poland. It goes through five regions in the eastern part of the spot the Uniates defended. lates behind the Rosary and the Or- country: Warmińsko-Mazurskie, Podlaskie, Lubelskie, Podkarpackie, and square also church. thodox Church of Świętokrzyskie Voivodeships. Just one glance at the map is enough to presents a true Kostomłoty. In Kostomłoty, the pre- the Our Lady of make one realise how many different regions the trail combines, and how automotive gem served wooden Church of St. Nikita the Jabłeczna. Ac- Protection. Each diverse it is in terms of landscapes and culture. Among seaside sceneries - one of the old- Martyr from 1631 forms the Sanctuary cording to legend, year during the and highlands, along lake lands, through primeval forests and big urban est petrol stations of Podlaskie’s Uniates. The temple the icon of St. Hum- last three days of De- centres, Green Velo takes us on a journey discovering the most beautiful in Poland, with an has an iconostasis with phrey, floating cember, the sławatyccy features of the lands where various religions and denominations have co- original, manual a 17th-century icon de- along the Bug River, brodacze ( bearded men of existed for centuries. fuel pump manu- picting the patron was washed ashore and Sławatycze), men dressed in Cyclists travelling between Gnojno and Chełm will have a chance to admire factured by Temper of the temple. -
Prezentacja Programu Powerpoint
Provinces’ investment attractiveness Subcarpathia province Subcarpathia province Basic info ➢ Capital – Rzeszów ➢ Area – 17 845.76 k² ➢ Cities with district rights – 4 ➢ Number of districts – 21 ➢ Number of municipalities – 16 ➢ Population – 2 127 656 ➢ Working age population – 1 337 727 2 Subcarpathia province Prospective sectors Intelligent specialities Aviation Cosmonautics Automotive IT and cmmunications Quality of well-being 3 Subcarpathia province Major companies / investors Stalowa Wola Mielec Jarosław, Miele Dęia Rzeszów Krosno Sanok 4 Subcarpathia province Special Economic Zones Mielec Special Economic Zone F The EURO-PARK MIELEC Special Economic Zone was established as the first in Poland in 1995. Today, it has a special place on the economic map of Poland. Its values are appreciated by many foreign and domestic investors who build new factories here. EURO-PARK MIELEC SEZ is an area with exceptional conditions for entrepreneurs for achieving quick return of investment and effective management, offering long-term tax exemptions and facilities. Kraków Special Economic Zone ff The Special Economic Zone of the Krakow Technology Park covers areas located in the Lesser Poland, Subcarpathian and Holy Cross voivodships. KTP offers investors primarily greenfield areas. The Krakow Special Economic Zone consists of 36 subzones located in 35 communes and currently covers an area of over 949 hectares. The offer also includes office space located in attractive areas. f Tarnobrzeg Special Economic Zone „EURO-PARK WISŁOSAN” f There are 9 subzones included in the zone. It covers the area of 1049.18 hectares. So far TSSE „EUROPARK WISŁOSAN” has issued 136 permissions for conducting business activities. As many as 84 companies have already invested there. -
Functioning of Selected Airports in Poland
Scientific Journal of Silesian University of Technology. Series Transport Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Śląskiej. Seria Transport Volume 112 2021 p-ISSN: 0209-3324 e-ISSN: 2450-1549 DOI: https://doi.org/10.20858/sjsutst.2021.112.11 Journal homepage: http://sjsutst.polsl.pl Article citation information: Macioszek, E. Functioning of selected airports in Poland. Scientific Journal of Silesian University of Technology. Series Transport. 2021, 112, 135-144. ISSN: 0209-3324. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20858/sjsutst.2021.112.7.11 Elżbieta MACIOSZEK1 FUNCTIONING OF SELECTED AIRPORTS IN POLAND Summary. Nowadays, air transport is treated as a dynamically developing sector of the world economy. The technological solutions used in this kind of transport are highly advanced; thus, generate high costs, ranging from research through production to the implementation phase. Due to its technological advancement, air transport has several significant advantages over other kinds of transport. This paper presents the characteristics of selected airports in Poland together with statistical data characterising the functioning of the airports. In addition, the plans in recent years regarding the development of air transport infrastructure in Poland were summarised. Keywords: transportation, air transport, civil engineering and transportation 1. INTRODUCTION Air transport is the fastest and safest kind of transport for people and goods in the world. The importance of air transport on a global scale is constantly growing. The increase in the share of this kind of transport is majorly responsible for the development trends and intensification of international economic relations, as well as for the use of foreign investment capital and the generation of a high percentage in the tourism sector. -
Brussels. 1 Į JIL 201/ Ares (2017) Ľ7!4855
Ref. Ares(2017)3497732 - 11/07/2017 European Commission J©ага-CLaon(đ© JUNCKER Rue de la Loi, 200 President of the European Commission B-1049 Brussels Tel. +32 2 295 50 33 [email protected] Brussels. 1 į JIL 201/ Ares (2017) ľ7!4855 Dear Honourable Member, I would like to thank you and the co-signatories for your letter of 30 March 2017 expressing your concerns regarding the Nord Stream 2 project. The European Commission is fully committed to pursuing the objectives of the Energy1 Union strategy. In this context, the Commission is promoting diversification and competitive gas markets in the EU. In order to complete the internal energy’ market, the Commission supports infrastructure projects of common interest, which improve the interconnectivity between the Member States. Furthermore, the Commission, together with the Member States, is working to improve the resilience of the EU gas system to security of supply threats. To this end. the Commission has proposed a revised Regulation on security of gas supplies on which the European Parliament and the Council have recently reached an agreement. As regards Nord Stream 2, the Commission considers that the project is not in line with the policy objectives of the Energy' Union as it will not give access to a new supply source. Nord Stream 2, if built, cannot and should not be operated in a legal void or solely according to the law of a third country. Mr Jeppe KOFOD and 64 MEP co- signatories Member of the European Parliament E-mail · jeppe. kofod7aie uro pari, europa, eu As a result a special legal regime respecting fundamental principles of international and EU energy law needs to be established.