Politics and Aesthetics in European and Classicist Tragedy

Jan Bloemendal and Nigel Smith - 9789004323421 Downloaded from Brill.com09/29/2021 05:10:21PM via free access Drama and Theatre in Early Modern Europe

Editor-in-Chief

Jan Bloemendal (Huygens Institute for the History of the Netherlands)

Editorial Board

Cora Dietl ( Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen) Peter G.F. Eversmann (University of Amsterdam) Jelle Koopmans (University of Amsterdam) Russell J. Leo (Princeton University)

volume 5

The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/dtem

Jan Bloemendal and Nigel Smith - 9789004323421 Downloaded from Brill.com09/29/2021 05:10:21PM via free access Politics and Aesthetics in European Baroque and Classicist Tragedy

Edited by

Jan Bloemendal Nigel Smith

leiden | boston

Jan Bloemendal and Nigel Smith - 9789004323421 Downloaded from Brill.com09/29/2021 05:10:21PM via free access This is an open access title distributed under the terms of the cc-by-nc License, which permits any non-commercial use, and distribution, provided no alterations are made and the original author(s) and source are credited.

The publication ​of this volume in open access was made possible partly by a grant from the nwo funded project ‘Transnational Communication and Public Opinion in Early Modern Europe’.

Cover illustration: The actor Jan Punt as Apollo delivers a speech for stadholder Prince William v and Princess Wilhelmina van Pruisen, 1768, After a print by S. Fokke, in Historie van den Amsterdamschen Schouwburg (History of the City Theatre of Amsterdam; Warnars and Den Hengst, Amsterdam, 1772), Private collection.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Names: Bloemendal, Jan, 1961- editor. | Smith, Nigel, 1958- editor. Title: Politics and aesthetics in European baroque and classicist tragedy / Edited by Jan Bloemendal, Nigel Smith. Description: Leiden ; Boston : Brill, 2016. | Series: Drama and theatre in early modern Europe, ISSN 2211-341X ; volume 5 | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2016019815 (print) | LCCN 2016026594 (ebook) | ISBN 9789004323414 (hardback : alk. paper) | ISBN 9789004323421 (e-book) | Subjects: LCSH: European drama–17th century–History and criticism. | European drama (Tragedy)–Classical influences. | Latin drama (Tragedy)–History and criticism. | Politics in literature. | Aesthetics in literature. Classification: LCC PN1892 .P65 2016 (print) | LCC PN1892 (ebook) | DDC 809.2/512094–dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2016019815

Typeface for the Latin, Greek, and Cyrillic scripts: “Brill”. See and download: brill.com/brill-typeface. issn 2211-341X isbn 978-90-04-32341-4 (hardback) isbn 978-90-04-32342-1 (e-book)

Copyright 2016 by the Editors and Authors. Koninklijke Brill nv incorporates the imprints Brill, Brill Hes & De Graaf, Brill Nijhoff, Brill Rodopi and Hotei Publishing. Koninklijke Brill nv reserves the right to protect the publication against unauthorized use and to authorize dissemination by means of offprints, legitimate photocopies, microform editions, reprints, translations, and secondary information sources, such as abstracting and indexing services including databases. Requests for commercial re-use, use of parts of the publication, and/or translations must be addressed to Koninklijke Brill nv.

This book is printed on acid-free paper and produced in a sustainable manner.

Jan Bloemendal and Nigel Smith - 9789004323421 Downloaded from Brill.com09/29/2021 05:10:21PM via free access Contents

List of Illustrations vii About the Authors viii

Introduction 1 Jan Bloemendal and Nigel Smith

part 1 Sovereignty

1 What Roman Paradigm for the Dutch Republic? Baroque Tragedies and Ambiguities Concerning Dominium and Torture 43 Frans-Willem Korsten

2 Grotius among the Dagonists: Joost van den Vondel’s Samson, of Heilige Wraeck, Revenge and the Ius Gentium 75 Russ Leo

3 Performing the Medieval Past: Vondel’s Gysbreght van Aemstel (1637) 103 Freya Sierhuis

part 2 Religion

4 Political Martyrdom at the English College in Rome 135 Howard B. Norland

5 Historical Tragedy and the End of Christian Humanism: Nicolaus Vernulaeus (1583–1649) 152 James A. Parente, Jr.

6 The Baroque Tragedy of the Roman Jesuits: Flavia and Beyond 182 Blair Hoxby

Jan Bloemendal and Nigel Smith - 9789004323421 Downloaded from Brill.com09/29/2021 05:10:21PM via free access vi contents

part 3 Ethics

7 Mortal Knowledge: Akrasia in English Renaissance Tragedy 221 Emily Vasiliauskas

8 A fabulis ad veritatem: Latin Tragedy, Truth and Education in Early Modern England 239 Sarah Knight

9 The Political Theater and Theatrical Politics of Andrea Giacinto Cicognini: Il Don Gastone di Moncada (1641) 260 Tatiana Korneeva

10 French Tragedy during the Seventeenth Century: From Cruelty on a Scaffold to Poetic Distance on Stage 294 Christian Biet

part 4 Mobility

11 German Trauerspiel and Its International Nexus: On the Migration of Poetic Forms 319 Joel B. Lande

12 The Politics of Mobility: Shakespeare’s Titus Andronicus, Jan Vos’s Aran en Titus and the Poetics of Empire 344 Helmer Helmers

13 French Classicism in Jesuit Theater Poetics of the Eighteenth Century 373 Nienke Tjoelker

14 Scenario of Terror: Royal Violence and the Origins of Russian Tragic Drama 398 Kirill Ospovat

Index 429

Jan Bloemendal and Nigel Smith - 9789004323421 Downloaded from Brill.com09/29/2021 05:10:21PM via free access List of Illustrations

1.1 Nicolaus Knüpfer, ‘Brothelscene’ or ‘Theatrical Scene from Messalina and Gaius Silius Representing the Marriage’, ca. 1645–ca. 1655 63 1.2 Illustration vii from Jan Vos, Aran en Titus (ed. 1648) 70 12.1 Jan Vos, Aran en Titus, title page (1641) 346 12.2 Artus Quellinus, Portrait of the Amsterdam Burgomaster Andries de Graeff as Roman Consul (1661) 360 12.3 Joachim Wtewael, The Dutch Virgin Trampled (ca. 1612) 369 12.4 Hans Collaert, Beclaginghe der Nederlantscher verwoestinghe = Belgicae delaceratae lamentatio = Complaintes des desoles paijs bas (ca. 1577) 370

Jan Bloemendal and Nigel Smith - 9789004323421 Downloaded from Brill.com09/29/2021 05:10:21PM via free access About the Authors

Christian Biet Ph.D. (1980) is a Professor of the history and aesthetics of theater at the Uni- versité de Paris Ouest-Nanterre and the Institut Universitaire de France (iuf), specialized in seventeenth-century literature, history of ideas and the theater of the Ancien Régime. Among his publications are Le Miroir du Soleil (1989 and 2000), Œdipe en monarchie: Tragédie et théorie juridique à l’Âge classique (1994), Racine ou le Passion des larmes (1996), La tragédie (1997), Droit et littérature sous l’Ancien Régime, le jeu de la valeur et de la loi (2002), editions of Corneille’s Cid (2001) and Cinna (2003), and, with Christophe Triau, Qu’est-ce que le théâtre? (2006).

Jan Bloemendal Ph.D. (1997) in Neo-, Utrecht University, is a senior researcher at the Huygens Institute for the History of the Netherlands of the Royal Nether- lands Academy of Arts and Sciences. From 2006–2012 he was a Professor by special appointment of Neo-Latin Studies at the University of Amsterdam. He was editor or co-editor of Joost van den Vondel (1587–1679): Dutch Playwright in the Golden Age (2012), Neo-Latin Drama and Theatre in Early Modern Europe (2013); Brill’s Encyclopaedia of the Neo-Latin World (2014) and Bilingual Europe (2015). He also edited G.J. Vossius, Poeticae institutiones (2010). Furthermore, he wrote a history of the use of Latin through the ages (2016).

Helmer Helmers Ph.D. (2011) at the University of Leiden (cum laude) is lecturer in Early Modern Dutch Literature and nwo Research Fellow at the University of Amsterdam. He has published widely on Anglo-Dutch cultural and literary exchange in the seventeenth century. His monograph The Royalist Republic (Cambridge University Press, 2015) analyses Dutch debates on the English Civil Wars and regicide. His current research project focuses on transnational publicity during the Thirty Years’ War.

Blair Hoxby Ph.D. (1998) in English literature, Yale University, is Associate Professor of English at Stanford University. Among his publications are Mammon’s Music: Literature and Economics in the Age of Milton (2002), What was Tragedy? Theory and the Early Modern Canon (2015) and, as co-editor, Milton in the Longe Restau- ration (2016). His research interest include Milton, the English Civil Wars, the

Jan Bloemendal and Nigel Smith - 9789004323421 Downloaded from Brill.com09/29/2021 05:10:21PM via free access about the authors ix

Restoration, Renaissance and Enlightenment theater, tragedy and tragic theory, early , and performance theory.

Sarah Knight Ph.D. (2002) in Renaissance Studies, Yale University, is Professor of at the University of Leicester. Her main interests are in sixteenth- and seventeenth-century literature, particularly works written in or about institu- tions of learning (schools, universities, Inns of Court). She has translated and co-edited Leon Battista Alberti’s Momus for the I Tatti Renaissance Library (2003). With Stefan Tilg, she recently edited The Oxford Handbook of Neo-Latin Literature (2015).

Tatiana Korneeva Ph.D. (2008) in Classics, Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa, is Research Fel- low at the Freie Universität Berlin and a member of the erc-funded project Early Modern Drama and the Cultural Net (‘DramaNet’), 2010–2016. She is the author of ‘Alter et ipse’: Identità e duplicità nel sistema dei personaggi della Tebaide di Stazio (2011). Her research interests include early modern political thought, the reception of the classical tradition, the history of theater in com- parative perspective (1400–1800), and opera studies. She is currently working on a book about the interaction between political discourse, spectatorship, and the emergent public sphere in seventeenth- and eighteenth-century Italian theater.

Frans-Willem Korsten Ph.D. (1998) in Cultural Analysis, University of Amsterdam, is Professor by special appointment of Literature and Society at the Erasmus School for His- tory, Culture and Communication, and Senior lecturer at the Leiden University Institute for Cultural Disciplines. Among his publications are Sovereignty as Inviolability: Vondel’s Theatrical Explorations in the Dutch Republic (2009) and Joost van den Vondel (1587–1679) (2012).

Joel B. Lande Ph.D. (2010) in Germanic studies, University of Chicago, on a dissertation enti- tled ‘Nomadic Stages: On the Emergency of Literary Drama in the ’. After completing his Ph.D. he was awarded a position in the Society of Fellows in the Liberal Arts at Princeton University, where is now Assistant Professor in the Department of German. His research focuses on Ger- man literature and culture of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries in the broader European context.

Jan Bloemendal and Nigel Smith - 9789004323421 Downloaded from Brill.com09/29/2021 05:10:21PM via free access x about the authors

Russell J. Leo iii Ph.D. (2009) in Literature, Duke University, is Assistent Professor of English at Princeton University. His interests include early modern literature and philos- ophy in English, Dutch, and Neo-Latin; tragedy and performance; Reformation and Counter-Reformation; and theory, specifically Spinozism and its afterlives in Marxism, psychoanalysis, and phenomenology. He is currently completing a comprehensive book project, titled Fatall Necessity: Tragedy and Philosophy in theReformationWorld as well as co-editing a volume of essays on Fulke Greville, The Measure of the Mind: Fulke Greville and the Literary Culture of the English Renaissance. He is also at work on a book attending to Milton, Spinoza and their shared resources—a study of Anglo-Dutch art and thought under the influence of finance and confession.

Howard B. Norland Ph.D. (1962) in English literature, University of Wisconsin, is an Emeritus Pro- fessor at the University of Nebraska, Lincoln. His research interests include critical theory and performance in early modern drama and the classical tradi- tion. Among his publication are Drama in Early Tudor Britain 1485–1558 (1995) and Neoclassical Tragedy in Elizabethan England (2009). He is co-editor of Neo- Latin Drama and Theatre in Early Modern Europe (2013).

Kirill Ospovat Ph.D. (2005) in Russian Literature, Russian State University for the Humanities, Moscow, held postdoctoral appointments in Munich, London, Chicago, Berlin, and Princeton. He is currently a research associate at the Higher School of Economics in St. Petersburg. His forthcoming book Terror and Pity: Aleksandr Sumarokov and the Theater of Power in Elizabethan Russia is a comparative study of the origins of Russian tragedy in the mid-eighteenth century as a mode of political imagination.

James A. Parente, Jr. Ph.D. (1979), Germanic Languages and Literatures, Yale University, is a Profes- sor of German, Scandinavian and Dutch literature at the University of Min- nesota. He is a specialist in early modern (1400–1750) German, Dutch, and Nordic literatures and cultures, and early modern Neo-Latin literature. He is the author of Religious Drama and the Humanist Tradition: Christian The- ater in Germany and the Netherlands, 1500–1680 (1987). He has co-edited two anthologies of critical work on the early modern Holy Roman Empire, and has published numerous articles on early modern German, Dutch and Neo- Latin literature, especially drama; Renaissance humanism; gender and sexual-

Jan Bloemendal and Nigel Smith - 9789004323421 Downloaded from Brill.com09/29/2021 05:10:21PM via free access about the authors xi ity in the German Empire; the Dutch Golden Age; and early modern Nordic literatures.

Freya Sierhuis Ph.D. (2009) in History, European University Institute, Florence, is Lecturer at the Department of English and Related literature of the University of York. Among her publications is The Literature of The Arminian Controversy: Religion, Politics and the Stage (2015). She is co-editor of Passions and Subjectivity in Early Modern Culture (2013). Together with Brian Cummings she is the editor of the philosophical treatises of Fulke Greville for the Oxford Clarendon Edition of the Complete Work of Fulke Greville.

Nigel Smith D.Phil. (1985), in English literature, University of Oxford, is William and Annie S. Paton Foundation Professor of Ancient and Modern Literature at Princeton University. Among his publications are Perfection Proclaimed: Language and Literature in English Radical Religion, 1640–1660 (1989); Literature and Revolu- tion in England, 1640–1660 (1997); Is Milton better than Shakespeare? (2008) and Andrew Marvell: The Chameleon (2010). He is also co-editor of Oxford Hand- book of Milton (2009) and Mysticism and Reform, 1400–1750 (2015). His new work, The State and Literary Production in Early Modern Europe, involves the compar- ison of English with literature in other European vernaculars (especially Dutch, German, French, and Spanish) in the context of political and scientific trans- formation between 1500 and 1800.

Nienke Tjoelker Ph.D. (2010) in Classics, University College Cork, is Postdoctoral Researcher at the Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Neo-Latin Studies in Innsbruck. Among her publications on neo-Latin literature is an edition of Andreas Fritz’s Letter on tragedies (2014).

Emily Vasiliauskas Ph.D. (2015) in English literature, Princeton University, is assistant professor in English at Williams College. The title of her dissertation is Dead Letters: The Afterlife before Religion. Her interests include British literature, early modern literature, literary theory and poetry, poetics and aesthetics. Her article on ‘The Outmodedness of Shakespeare’s Sonnets’ appeared in English Literary History (2015).

Jan Bloemendal and Nigel Smith - 9789004323421 Downloaded from Brill.com09/29/2021 05:10:21PM via free access