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CP 157 Aerial Oomcycetes Review Project title: Aerial Oomycetes: Assessing Management and Control Options Needed in UK Edible & Ornamental Crops Project number: CP 157 Project leader: Erika F. Wedgwood Report: Final Review Previous report: N/A Key staff: Matthew Hamilton (ADAS) Erika Wedgwood (ADAS) Matthew Cromey (RHS) John Scrace (RHS) Geoff Denton (RHS) Celia Van Sprang (ADAS) Tim O’Neill (ADAS) Tim Pettitt (University of Worcester) Peter Gladders (ADAS) David Talbot (ADAS) Jill England (ADAS) Angela Huckle (ADAS) Sarah Mayne (ADAS) Chris Creed (ADAS) Janet Allen (ADAS) Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board 2016. All rights reserved Locations of project: ADAS UK Ltd ADAS Boxworth Battlegate Road Boxworth Cambridge CB23 4NN The Royal Horticultural Society Wisley Woking Surrey GU23 6QB University of Worcester NPARU Charles Darwin Building University of Worcester Henwick Grove Worcester WR2 6AJ Industry Representative: Karl O'Neill, Bransford Webbs, The Bransford Webbs Plant Company Bransford Worcester WR6 5JN Date project commenced: 1 October 2015 Date project completed: 31 March 2016 Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board 2016. All rights reserved DISCLAIMER While the Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board seeks to ensure that the information contained within this document is accurate at the time of printing, no warranty is given in respect thereof and, to the maximum extent permitted by law the Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board accepts no liability for loss, damage or injury howsoever caused (including that caused by negligence) or suffered directly or indirectly in relation to information and opinions contained in or omitted from this document. © Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board 2016. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any material form (including by photocopy or storage in any medium by electronic mean) or any copy or adaptation stored, published or distributed (by physical, electronic or other means) without prior permission in writing of the Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board, other than by reproduction in an unmodified form for the sole purpose of use as an information resource when the Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board or AHDB Horticulture is clearly acknowledged as the source, or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. All other trademarks, logos and brand names contained in this publication are the trademarks of their respective holders. No rights are granted without the prior written permission of the relevant owners. Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board 2016. All rights reserved AUTHENTICATION We declare that this work was done under our supervision according to the procedures described herein and that the report represents a true and accurate record of the results obtained. Erika Wedgwood Project Leader, ADAS Signature Date 31 March 2016 Matthew Cromey Project Collaborator, RHS Signature Date 31 March 2016 Report authorised by: Barry Mulholland Head of Horticulture, ADAS Signature Date 31 March 2016 Gerard Clover Head of Research, RHS Signature Date 31 March 2016 Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board 2016. All rights reserved CONTENTS GROWER SUMMARY ............................................................................................... 1 Headline.................................................................................................................. 1 Background ............................................................................................................. 1 Summary ................................................................................................................ 1 Host range ..................................................................................................................... 2 Biology .......................................................................................................................... 2 Integrated Crop Management ........................................................................................ 2 Financial Benefits ................................................................................................... 3 Action Points ........................................................................................................... 4 SCIENCE SECTION .................................................................................................. 7 Introduction ............................................................................................................. 7 References .................................................................................................................... 9 Aims and Objectives ............................................................................................. 11 Materials and methods ......................................................................................... 11 Life Cycles ............................................................................................................ 13 Reference ............................................................................................................. 14 Possibilities of spread of predominantly airborne oomycetes via contaminated irrigation water ...................................................................................................... 14 References ........................................................................................................... 15 Elicitors: an overview of their mode of action ........................................................ 16 Introduction ........................................................................................................... 16 Types and pathways of elicitation agents .................................................................... 16 Degree of elicitation can vary with host genotype ........................................................ 18 Potential drawbacks of elicitors ................................................................................... 19 Conclusion ............................................................................................................ 19 References ........................................................................................................... 20 Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board 2016. All rights reserved Changes affecting the incidence and severity of aerial oomycete diseases ......... 21 Fungicide resistance in aerial oomycetes and product availability ............................... 21 Invasive pathogens ..................................................................................................... 24 References ........................................................................................................... 25 Edible Crop Reviews ............................................................................................ 25 Vegetable Brassica Downy Mildew .............................................................................. 25 References ........................................................................................................... 29 Vegetable Brassica White Blister ................................................................................. 31 References ........................................................................................................... 34 Onion Downy Mildew ................................................................................................... 36 References ........................................................................................................... 38 White Tip of Leeks ....................................................................................................... 38 References ........................................................................................................... 40 Pea Downy Mildew ...................................................................................................... 41 References ........................................................................................................... 43 Broad Bean Downy Mildew .......................................................................................... 44 References ........................................................................................................... 45 Cucumber Downy Mildew ............................................................................................ 45 References ........................................................................................................... 49 Tomato Late Blight ...................................................................................................... 51 References ........................................................................................................... 54 Wild and Salad Rocket Downy Mildew ........................................................................ 55 Red Beet Downy Mildew ............................................................................................. 56 Rhubarb Downy Mildew ............................................................................................... 58 References ........................................................................................................... 59 Blackberry Downy Mildew............................................................................................ 59 References ..........................................................................................................
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