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Resistance in Paradise: Rethinking 100 Years of US Involvement in The DOCUMENT RESUME ED 432 482 SO 029 368 AUTHOR Wei, Deborah, Ed.; Kamel, Rachael, Ed. TITLE Resistance in Paradise: Rethinking 100 Years of U.S. Involvement in the Caribbean and the Pacific. INSTITUTION American Friends Service Committee, Philadelphia, PA.; Philadelphia School District, PA. Office of Curriculum Support. ISBN ISBN-0-910082-33-2 PUB DATE 1998-00-00 NOTE 202p. AVAILABLE FROM American Friends Service Committee, Community Relations Division, 1501 Cherry Street, Philadelphia, PA 19102 ($12). PUB TYPE Guides - Classroom Learner (051) Guides Classroom - Teacher (052) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC09 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS American Studies; Foreign Countries; *Imperialism; Interdisciplinary Approach; International Relations; Latin Americans; *Minority Groups; Pacific Americans; *Political Attitudes; Political Power; Primary Sources; Resource Materials; Secondary Education; Self Determination; Social Studies; *United States History IDENTIFIERS Caribbean History; *Caribbean Islands; Foreign Intervention; *Pacific Islands; Spanish American War ABSTRACT This teaching resource presents multiple perspectives of U.S. history by introducing the voices of peoples who may feel disconnected from the American Dream. Secondary level students are encouraged to understand how the vision of history is shaped according to who is looking and who is being seen. Organized in seven chapters, the document opens with an introductory chapter examining the events and aftermath of the 1898 Spanish American War and U.S. intervention in Guam, Puerto Rico, Hawai'i, American Samoa, the Philippines, and Cuba. Subsequent chapters present brief historical overviews of each of the countries that came under U.S. rule at that time. For each chapter, lessons, suggested learning activities, and student handouts of readings are provided. The readings include primary source materials from newspaper articles and political cartoons, historical documents, and personal testimonies. A broad range of fictional and non-fictional contemporary pieces are provided. The materials and activities are appropriate for interdisciplinary use in history, social studies, or Engli/sh courses and include role plays, debates, writing exercises, classroom discussions, and the creation of stories, poems, and cartoons. A glossary, list of historical and geographic names, and contributors notes conclude the document. (MM) ******************************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ******************************************************************************** so ih A A A . IMII a a - II ' I 5 , , U S DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND Office of Educational Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY CENTER (ERIC) 43.11.71-is document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating a 1--.I nacx Lo ve El Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES Points of view or opinions stated in this INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) document do not necessar ly represent 1 official OERI position or policy Mt 116 AEI A A s It I I 4 I IP BEST COP? AM E RESISTANCEINPARADISE: Rethinking 100 Years of U.S. Involvement in the Caribbean and the Pacific Edited by Deborah Wei and Rachael Kamel Na... .0" American Friends Service Committee in cooperation with Office of Curriculum Support School District of Philadelphia Philadelphia Cover illustration: "Hono," lithograph by Samoan artist Michel Tuffery. (Another Tuffery lithograph, "Vaka E'a," appears on the student handout pages after each lesson.) Both are copyright © 1991 by Michel Tuffery. Used by permission. Design: Gerry Henry Resistance in Paradise is published by American Friends Service Committee in cooperation with Community Relations Division Office of Curriculum Support 1501 Cherry St. School District of Philadelphia Philadelphia, PA 19102 21 & Parkway Philadelphia, PA 19102 ISBN 0-910082-33-2 Copyright for reprinted material is retained by original holder. All other material is copyright @ 1998 by the American Friends Service Committee. All rights reserved. The following material is used by permission: Field, Michael. "Papuata Girls Boarding School," America Samoa, Nonviolence and the Mau (University of Hawaii / Polynesian Press, 1994). Reprinted with permission. Field, Michael. "Black Saturday" from Mau: Samoa's Struggle for Freedom (University of Hawaii / Polynesian Press, 1990). Reprinted with permission. Figiel, Sia. "We" from Where We Once Belonged (Pasifika Press, 1996). Re- printed with permission. Mariposa (Fernandez, Maria Teresa). Ode to the Diasporican© 1995. 720 E. 213th Street, Bronx NY 10457. (718) 515-3475. Reprinted with permission. McMullin, Dan Taulapapa. "The Shark" from The Demon Anchors, published in Folauga, a Samoan-Language Journal for Young People. Vol. 2 (Wellington, New Zealand: Learning Media Ltd., 1998). Reprinted with permission. Sierra Club Legal Defense Fund. "Hawai'i's Natural Heritage" from Natural History of the Hawaiian Islands, 1995. Reprinted with permission. Smith, Wayne. Comments from "Island Under Siege: The U.S. Blockade of Cuba" by Pedro Prada published by Ocean Press. Reprinted with permis- sion. Trask, Haunani Kay and Miliani Trask, "The Aloha Industry," Cultural Survival Quarterly (Winter 1992). Reprinted with permission. Verharen, Theodore. "0 le Solo o le Va o le Foagoago o le Lalolagi" from The Samoan Islands, Vol. I, English translation from a German translation by Dr. Augustin Kramer. (University of Hawaii Press, 1994) pp. 541-542. Reprinted with permission. Walker, Alice. "A Letter to President Clinton" from Anything We Love Can Be Saved. Copyright @ 1997 by Alice Walker. Reprinted by permission of Random House, Inc. Printed in the United States of America. 4 Contents Foreword A Letter to the Teacher vii 1. Reframing the Spanish-American War in the History Curriculum 1 Baltazar Pinguel, Deborah Wei, Stephen R. Shalom Lesson 1.1 History and Point of View 14 Lesson 1.2 Words, Words, Words 16 Lesson 1.3 Political Cartoons and Historical Context 19 Lesson 1.4 The Treaty of Paris 24 UNIT ONE: THE CARIBBEAN 2. Cuba 29 Juan Antonio Blanco, Rachael Kamel, Deborah Wei, Liz Hottel, Deborah Menkart, Eric Joselyn Lesson 2.1 Our America 40 Lesson 2.2 The Platt Amendment 44 Lesson 2.3 Role Play on the U.S. Embargo of Cuba 46 3. Puerto Rico 63 Johnny Irizarry, Maria Mills-Torres, Marta Moreno Vega, Anita Rivera Lesson 3.1 Race and Identity 74 Lesson 3.2 La Borinqueria (The Song of Borinquen) 79 Lesson 3.3 Puerto Rico's Political Status 82 UNIT TWO: THE PACIFIC AND ASIA 4. American Samoa 87 Dan Taulapapa McMullin Lesson 4.1 The Oral Tradition 94 Lesson 4.2. Economic Dependency 96 Lesson 4.3 Whose Education? 99 Lesson 4.4 The Influenza Epidemic of 1918 103 Lesson 4.5 Black Saturday 106 5 5. Guam, Mariana Islands 109 Anne Perez Hattori, Keith Lujan Camacho, Erwin Bordallo Manibusan, Joaquin Cepeda Sablan, Mary Perez Hattori Sasaki Lesson 5.1 Land Seizures 115 Lesson 5.2 The Sovereignty Movement 119 Lesson 5.3 Domination and Disrespect 122 Lesson 5.4 Culture and Resistance 124 6. Hawai'i 131 Jonathan Kay Kamakawiwo'ole Osorio, Wayne Wah Kwai Au, Noenoe Silva, Nancy Aleck, Bonnetta Adeeb Lesson 6.1 Annexation: Support and Opposition 137 Lesson 6.2 A Cause for Celebration? 142 Lesson 6.3 Tourist Hawai'i 144 Lesson 6.4 Protest Poetry: A "No Fight" Fight Poem 149 Lesson 6.5 Pe le vs. Progress 151 7. The Philippines 159 Baltazar Pinguel, Eliza Fabillar, Stephen R. Shalom, Teresita Bautista, Rene Ontal, Oscar Penaranda Lesson 7.1 The U.S. Annexation of the Philippines 168 Lesson 7.2 Letters Home from U.S. Soldiers 172 Lesson 7.3 U.S. Military Bases in the Philippines 175 Lesson 7.4 Martial Law 179 Glossary 185 Historical and Geographical Names 191 Notes on Contributors 197 RESISTANCE.IN.PARADI'SE Foreword In the summer of 1996, staff and volunteers of the American Friends Service Committee (AFSC) met to plan how to strengthen the organization's work with Asian and Pacific Islander communities, both in the United States and in their countries of origin. Those present at the meeting were well aware that the year 1998 would mark the hundred-year anniversary of the emergence of the United States as a global power, holding sway over territories in the Caribbean and the Pacific, far beyond the North American continent. In a few short months in 1898, in what is known as the Spanish-American War, the United States replaced Spain as the ruling power in the Philippines, Cuba, Puerto Rico, and Guam. Hawai'i and American Samoa were annexed by the United States in the same year. Within AFSC, the discussion of the significance of the centennial of these events led to a vision of creating this curriculum guide. From the outset, the aim of the guide was to help students and teachers in the United States understand how this history, and its enduring impact, is perceived from the vantage point of these island nations. As with other AFSC efforts, a paramount concern was that the story should be told mainly by members of the affected communities. Among the more than two dozen authors of this volume are many people whose lives have been shaped by the history they relate, whether as immigrants, as political exiles, as activists fighting for the sovereignty of their homelands or as all three. They have joined together for this project, along with a multiracial group of educators and activists,
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