China /1V, National. HighwayProject (Henan Section)
Public Disclosure Authorized The Proposed Luoyang-Sanmenxia Expressway
Public Disclosure Authorized Archaeological Survey Report Public Disclosure Authorized
Henan Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology
August, 1995 Public Disclosure Authorized
L <., V Tablle of Contents No.ofsheet The ProposedLuoyang-Sanmenxia Expressway Archaeologicatl Survey Report.-...... 2 ChinaLianhuo National Highway Project (HenanSection) Luoyang-SanmenxiaExpressway Protection and Excavation of Cuturat Relics ---....-..----....-..---..---.. --..-.... 2 I.Destrict of Imperial Mausoleumsand BeimangMountain Cemetery of Northern WeiDynasty,Luoyang ...... ----. 2 1) Description ...... 2) Plans -...... ---..--... 2 3) Exploration Profiles *-..------..6 2.Shuiquangou Site, Mengjin County -.----. ---.. -.-...... -.--...2 1) Description-.: --..--... 1 2) Ptlans -...... ---..-...... -.. 1 3) Exploration Profiles -...... --.. 1 3.1HuocunVillage Site,Xinan County -.------.---.. 1.------. 1) Description...... ; 2) Plans *------..-----..-.. 1 3) Exploration Profiles --.-----.-.------...... 1 4. Cemetery at Mujiangpu Village --...... -.-.------.-.--.-. 1..I 1) Description.. --....---...... 2) Plans -....-.... --....-...... -..... I 3) Exploration Profiles....1 5. Cemetery at Xiajiaao Village -.-.-.- l..1 1) Description .. 1 2) Ptlans -..-..-..-....-.....-.... 1 3) Exploration Profiles -.------.---...... 1 6. Cemetery at Pailou Village -....-----...... -.-t..I 1) Description -...... -----..------..-..------... 1 2) Ptlans .- ...... I 3) Exploration Profiles ...... I 7. ChendongwaCraveyard in Xinan ------... I 1) Description -.. --...... -.... --..... 1 2) Plans *-..--....--..--..-..------...... 1 3) Exploration Profiles -.----- 1..1 B.XiayanggouSite, Xinan County----.-.---..... 1 1) Description -....-..-..... 1 2) Plans. .--...... --....-....-..-- ...... ---..--. 3) Exploration Profiles ..-.-.-.--. 1..1 9.Goutoubel Cemetery, Xinan County -. -----.-.--.-- 1.I 1) Description ...... I 2) Plans ...... 1 3) Exploration Profiles ------..-...... 1O.Jiacun Site,Yima City ..... ------...... ------2 1) Description...... -.. I 2) Ptlans *---..------..-..----...... -....----....--..---.. ---.....-..... 1 3) Exploration Profiles *-...... ---.------.---...... --.--.-.-- 1 l.1LingtouSite at XilingtouViltage, Mianchi County...... 2 1) Description-...... 2) Plans ...... 1 3) ExplorationProfiles ...... 1 12.M4atouzhaiSite,Mianchi County------...... 1) Description...... l 2) Plans *------..------..------..-..---..-..-..-.... 1 3) ExplorationProfiles ...... 1 13.ZhuchengcunSite,Mianchi County ------...------2 1) Description...... 2) P lans ...... ----.-.-.---.------1 3) ExplorationProfiles .-..-..---....--.. -.... ---..2 14.ShilipuCemetery, Shanxian County ...... 1) Description ...... 1 2) Plans -...... --. 1... 3) Exploration Profiles --....-----...... -....-..-..--. --.-1..I 15.Lujiadian Site,Sanmenxia City...... I -) Description ---...... 2) Plans *-..-...... 3) Exploration Profiles ...... 1 16.Dajiaokou Site,Sanmenxia City...... I I) Descriptimon ...... I...... 2) Plants ...... I 3) Exploration l'rofiles ...... I 17.Shibangou Site at Sanmenxia City...... 1) Description .- ...... 2) Plants*-..----..--....-----.----.-...... ------.------1 3) ExplorationProfiles .------18.APataeolithic locality Zhaojiayuan at, ShanxianCounty--l1 I) Description.1...... l 2) Plans ...... - 3) Exploration Profiles.*------...... -----..------.----1 19. Cemetery at Dongchengcun VI llage, Shanxian County...... - 1 1) Description .-----..-..---...... 1 2) Plans. -.. -..--...... -----..---.. -..-..---..---1 3) ExplorationProfiles .*-..- ....------..-. 2 China Lianhuo National HighwayProject (HlenanSection) The Proposed Luoyang-SanmenxiaExpressway Archaeological Survey Report
We,Henan Provinciat Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology,as assigned by Henan Provincial High Grade Highway Construction Authority and Henan Prouincial Bureau of Cultural Relics,cooperated with Luoyang City Administration of Cultural Relics,Sanmenxia City Bureau of Cultural Retics,Cultural Relics Administrations of Mengjin County,the Surburb District of Luoyang, Xinan County,Yima City,Nianchi County,Shanxian County,Hubin District of Sanmeuxia City, organized and executed an archaeoalogicalsurvey along the alignmentof the above ptoject from December1994 toFebruarYl995.On the basisof available information,the archaeological survey concentrated on 33 ancient. sites and graveyards where the expressway cuts through or passes nearby. The exploration covered an area of 1201650square meters and found 10 ancient sites, totalling 115250 square meters>, 8 cemeteries inctuding 115 tombs; 35 -storage pits of different periods; 1 palaeolithic locality;wetI and stone tol manufacturing site of the YangshaoCulture and a large building foundation of the Warring States Period and Han Dynasties etc.. The area where the expressway ties is an extremely important ancient route(Yaohan Route) connecting Guanzhongplain and Huabei Plain and thus a battlefield of different periods. All kinds of cultural relics are abundant and valuable for the staty of the history of ancient war, transportation and culturat exchange. To reduce the damage which the construction wilt bring to cultural relics to a minimum, an archaeological excavation has to be carriedout at ten percentimportant sites and cemeteriesof above-mentioned, totalling11500 square meters before the constructionof the expressway.HenanProvincial Institute of CulturalRelics and Archaeologyis committed,in about 120 to 150 days,tothe fullcompletion of archaeologicalexcavation after the landbeing acquired and prior to the actualcommencement of the expresswayworks and will mobilizeits manpowerand resources corresponding to the task. Among the above-mentioned 33 cultural retics locatities,in the light of our investigatioanit is known that the following 7 sites are slightlyfar from the expresswayand thus will not be injured during the construction.Theyare Suqin (a famous politicianof the WarringStates Period)tomb,Baizhuang site, Yinghaosite,Xiashi walled town,Xiashigraveyard,Xiya site and Shij iagou graveyard. Even though Yanghe site, Anbeicun site, Nanwang site ,flekousite at Yima,Wuyaotou site and Xiaojiaokousite are stightly near to the expressway, however the archaeological drilling didn't expose cultural remains and the construction will, not cause damage.It should be pointed out that Zhaojiayuan pataeolithic locality,although without dritling,must be carried out in the future. The next is an discription of the explorations and the future work plan of the above-mentioned sites. China Lianhuo Hatioi Luoyang-SanrmenxiaExpressway Pro AD:Anno Domini BC:Bef ore Christ BP:Bef ore Present
Roak of Protectijig Nos Sites Location Age Culttiral Retics
Inperial Chaoyang Town, Western Mma, Historical Uonumen I Mlausolems Mengjin County Northern Val, Cultural Relics of Northern Tang dynast; City Protection Wei Dynasty K0-K3 KS-KB BC206-AD907
Shuiqtiangou On the Eest of J4tun Yangshao and 2 Site , NengjinCounty ErlitouCultures Undecided K4-K4+500 BPsooo--37?0
Huocun On tieWest of Matun Longshanand Ian 3 VillageSite , Mengjin County dynastyCultures Undecided K1 -K10+400 BP4500- -AD220
Cemeteryat On theNorth of Mu- Ran dynasty 4 Mujianspu jiangpuXin County Undecided Village K11--KiI BC206-- AD220
Cemeteryat On theNorth of Xia- Song and Ming 5 Xiaj i aao ijaao,Xinan County dynasties indecided Village K19-4(gU AD960-- 1644
Cemeteryat On the South of Ming dynasty 6 Pailon Paltou,XinanCounty Undecided Village K25+ 5-0--26 + 500 AD1360- -1644
Chendongwa On the North of Song dynasty 7 Craveyard ChendongwaVillage Undecided in Xinan K2?+S500-K28+f500 AD960--1279
Xinyanggou Xiayangsou Village, Longshan Culture 8 Site, Xinan County Undecided Xinan County K23-423+ I80 BP4500--400
Goufoubei On the North of WarringStates, 9 Cemetery, Goutou.Xinan County Ran dynasty Undecided Xinan County K38--K39 BC415---AD220
Jiacun Site, On the North of Jia- Yangshao and Historical Monuuxzz& 10 Yima City comVillage,Yina City Longshan CuLtures CulturalRelics K54-K55 BP6000--2220 City Protection
LingtonSite XitingtouVilLage, Yangshloand Historical Monu:m:- 11 at XitingtouMianchi County LongshanCGltures CutturalRelics VilLage K60+500"-60+600 BP6000--4000 County Protect'-
Design: "- Highway Project (IHenanSection) ion and Excavation of Cultural Retics
______~~~~~~~~~Page1
Area of HiglhwayArea of Expenses Organization of Scheduleof Covering and Excavation Ten Thousand Protecting and Excavations Quantity of Site sSquare Meters) Yuan,RNB) Excavating
54 Ancient LuoyangArchaeological April to June, Tombs 1080 35.64 Team 1996
g0 days
25000 Nenan Provinclal April toSept, Square Meters 2500 82:50 Institute of Cultural 1996 Relicsand. Archaeology ]10 days
20000 HenanProvIncial April toSept, Square Meters 2000 66.00 Instituteof Cultural 1996 Relicsand Archaeology 180 days
3 Ancient LuoyangArchaeological Apri t 1996 Tombs, one 60 1.98 Team Modern Tomb 30 days
8 Song and LuoyangArchaeological May,1996 Mingdynasties 16 5.28 Team Tombs 30 days
2 Mingdynasty LuoyangArchaeological June,1996 Tombs, 40 1.32 Team 4 ModernTombs 30 days
13 Ancient HlenanProvincial April,1996 Tombs 260 8.58 Instituteof Cuiltural Relicsand Archaeology 30 days
9000 HenanProvincial Aprilto May, Square Meters 900 29.70 Instituteof Cultural 1996 Relicsand Archaeology 60 days
10 Ancient HenanProvinciaL May,1996 Tombs 200 6.60 Instituteof Cultural Relicsand Archaeology 30 days
15000 HenanProvincial ApriLto July, SquareMeters, 1500 49,.SO Instituteof Cultural 1996 5 StoragePits Relicsand Archaeology 120days
2750 ienanProvincial June,1996 SquareMeters, 275 9.075 Instituteof Cultural one Kiln Relicsand Archaeology 30 days
'rovincialinstitute of CulturalRelics and Archaeology Time:August,1959 China Lianhuo Nationc Luoyang-Sarmenxia Expressway Pro AD:Anno DOmini BC:Bef ore Christ BP:Before Present
Rankof Protecting Nos Sites Location Age Culturat Relics
M.touzhai On the South of YangshaoCulture. HisLoricalMonumen 12 Site, Matouzhai Village,Norlhern dynasty CltlUralRelics Nianchi MiiuachiCounty BP6000--5000 County Protect; County K69--K69+200 AD420-581
ZhuchengcunOn theSouth of Zhu- WarringStates, HistoricalMonumen 13 Site,ianchi cheng,Mlanchi County Northern dynasty Cuttural Relics County K69-.K71+075 BC47S--ADSOI County Protecki'
ShilipuCe- On theEast of Shi- Ban dynasty 14 metery,Shan-lipu,Shanxian County Un-declded xian County K100+10D-KJOO+500 BC206- -AD220
Luljiadian On theSoutheast of Yangshaoand LongshaHistorical Nonun 15 Site Sanmenxia County CtltureiZhoudynasty CutturalReLics _lll--KIl+300 BP6000--2500 City ProtecV.
Dajiaokou on theSoutheast of Yangshao Culture HistoricalNonuam 16 Site Samuenxia County CulturalRelics K1134350--51O BP6000--5580 City Protec-
Shibangou On theSoutheast of Yangshao and HistoricalNonun 17 Site Smaenxia City Longshan CulturesCultural Relics K114+400-600 BP6000- - 4000 City Protec -
PalaeoLi thic On the East of Zhmwo-Middle to Late Historical Nonun- Locality jiaynan to Zhangwan, Pataeolithic Cultural Relics le Zhaojiayua ShanxianCounty BP160000-5G0B0 County Protec" at Shanxian KI2S+900-.K126+100
Cemetery at On the North of Dong Han dynasty Historical Nonu*--. 19 Dongchengcum cheng,Shanxian Co" BC206- -AD220 Culttural Relics Village K131+500s-K132+500 County Prote(--
TotaL
Design: I- Righway Project (Henan Section) --Ion and Excavation of Cutural Relics Page 2
Area of HighwayArea of Expenses Organizationof Schedute of Covering ant Excavation (TenThousand Protecting and Excavations Quanti ty of Sites(Square Neters) Yuan,RNB) Excavating
3 Storage Pits Henan Provincial JuLy,1996 141 4.653 Institute of Cultaral Relicsand Archaeotogy 30 days
32000 Square Henan Provincinl Aprilto Sept,. HNeters,3Kitns 3500 115.50 Institute of Cultural1996 10 Ancient Tombs Relicsand Archaeology 1i0days
3 Ran dynasty Sanmenxia April,1996 Tombs, 200 6.60 ArchaeologicatTeam 2 Ash Pits 30 days
3500 Sanmenxia May,1996 SquareMeters, 350 11.55 ArchaeologicalTeam 5 Ash Pits 30 days
- 5000 Sanmenxia Aprilto May, ) Square Meters 500 16.50 ArchaeologicalTeam 1996 69 d1ays
* 3000 Saenanxia June,1996 )SquareMeters, 300 9.50 ArchaeologicalTeam 5 Ash Pits 30 days
13000 Meters Henan Provincial Aprilto Sept, Long Loess 650 21.45 Instituteof Cultural 1996 Section Relicsand Archaeology 180days
10 Ancient Sanmenxia July,1996 1Toubs, -200 6.60 ArchaeologicalTeam A StoragePits 30 days
14816 488.928
vincialinstitute of CulturalRelics ant Archaeology Time:August,1995 I.Destricts of Imperial Amusoleums and BeimangCemetery of Norther:i We! Dynasty, Luoyang
Knownas the capital of nine dynasties,. Luoyang is one of the seven greatancient capitals in China.A largenumber of high officers,more thanten emperorsand theirrelatives of Eastern Han and NorthernWei Dynastieswere buriedon Mangmountain, severalmiles to the northof LuoyangCity. Now, several hundreds of the earth-moundare standingin thisregion. As a resultof cooperatingwith capital constructions, a large number of ancient tombs have been discoveredby archaeologyand culturalrelics organizationsover years. During the constructionof Zhengzhou--Luoyangsection of LianbuoNational Hihgway in 1991, HenanProvincial Institute of CulturalRelics and Archaeologyand Luoyang ArchaeoloicalTeam discovered133 tombsof different petiods form western Han to Song Dynasties on thehighway to the east of Chaoyang, Mengjin County and obtained large numbersof potteriesand procetains, epitaphs,three-color-glaze Tang ware and potteryfigurines of musiciansand dancers.In 1994,Mengjin countyArchaeologicat DrilLing Team surveiedand excavatedthe construction area of Luoyang Glass Production Group and found31 tombs of differentperiods from Han to tangDynasties, 22 tombs of modernperiod. LianhuoNational Highway is justpassing through the south slope of the mausoleumof xiaowen(Chang Mausoleum ), an emperor of NorthernWei, Henan Provincial Institute of CulturalRelics and Archaeologydrilled two sectionsof thehighway(KO-K3;K5-K8) and discovered54 ancienttombs to a depthof 5-10m.Most of themare brick-chamberedtombs and cavechambertombs. They reflectthe burial cumtomsof different periods from Western Ban(206BC--24AD) to Tang Dynasties(618--907AD). Anarchaeological excavation must be conducted beforethe commencementof works. The unearthingarea is about 1080 squaremeters,and the fund is about 356400Yuan, RMB. The excavationwill last 90 days from April.to June 1996,under the sponsorof LuoyangArchaeologicaL Team. ... J....-- .- 9
4c~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~'
4'4
o q~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~o
;I -~~~~~~~~~...... I.
/ I As
*~~~~~L
: t* - No< 20~ ,7z,
o-- 6~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.
-013~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I
...... d le n an N un *~ em~
...... / N
AL. j-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~S a.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~1
-~~~~~2a-
'
~ A>~ 2L{'. Iz~c- ~ K?~r U -
I in~~~~~~
I I a~~~~~~~
I 1, ~.. a. II.. is. T. I . I ..AA I . * Ptan and Profile of the !Archaenlogidal SurvY ' Mausotleus and Beimang Mountain Cemetery in t
Ci
the driltingarea;
vqIL
the drilling area;
the~~~~ area;..drlln
0 7A- the (iqh n-strict of Imperial '-I Wei Dynasty,Luoyang pt5w
146
Ji-
_
: ~vcr _1 IJ -~~~~~~~~
i i
3 I s 3
I., ,~~~~~~~~~~~. 4 0 the drilling area;
the drilling area;
.7.
D t ihe ctitvated soil layer
0 *, the light yellow sail aYIZr
aihei iTisjr.vy spii laer Ia
SS~
M~~~~~~L i T~~~~~~~~~~~G I,1 . . I
I - I I
- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~11 I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~1
I~~~~~-t
I 1 7,~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ the drilling area;
U Mllo1
thedrilling area;
0 * w :het pnull ivthed soii I Ulef _
0 X L. line lighta e o stsili layer
0. thke primary suil tayer the drilling area;
the drilling area;
@ % t SF~Uihi. 1lIishttyelo soil i;,>et
@ t AcSSae s,iI Isollaye.r
.~ihe jprigary souil Laye.r I I 1 1I K a tn a a I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
r Y
I
l -2 M
la-s-selaicki suili ts err -
terra allga tayer
I P the dri I ling area;
the drilling area;
ZD,x,,:*Av the. :uIiva Iedl
_ i~the.~ WU%_ime
* '7 th - thLcatioi
S ;.,,., ; t.zheupzii.ary sio I ~II I ~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
I A a~~ -
- t ~I I II
m Dy11 I~~~~
z~~~~C~
I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-- I--I-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 'a - S I I I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
3 .3 .1~ ~ ~ ~ ~ n N~ ~ ~ 9s7 Ti, [lii1 11
the drilling area;
the drillitng area:
0 T t- =, Ihet- allli'ialts:;elaikd r'Iu lav(er
0 N .t tIheaitavial terrn alha lntpr
* g- r ' .Q therpri3ry S1iI l:yter I. 0 0) I-i - I J... - if Li ..- 1-
- - C - B. T - ___ o - - La - 4-' - '. -C - - ' is -- - I - ., A b. C.. B. C.. .5 - - - a if
if
S. - - 'ifU