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Changes of Malacofauna in a Small Lowland River in Eastern Poland

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Changes of Malacofauna in a Small Lowland River in Eastern Poland Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis Studia Naturae, 5: 66–80, 2020, ISSN 2543-8832 DOI: 10.24917/25438832.5.5 Beata Jakubik*, Krzysztof Lewandowski, Aleksandra Biernat Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Institute of Biological Sciences, B. Prusa 14 St., 08-110 Siedlce, Poland; *[email protected] Changes of malacofauna in a small lowland river in eastern Poland Introduction Molluscs are an important component of the biodiversity of freshwater invertebrate fauna (e.g. Jurkiewicz-Karnkowska, 2004; Królak, Korycińska, 2008; Piechocki, 2008). e malacofauna of large Polish rivers is well recognised (e.g. Piechocki, 1996; Jurk- iewicz-Karnkowska, 2004; Lewandowski, 2004; Jurkiewicz-Karnkowska, Karnkowski, 2013; Piechocki, Szlauer-Łukaszewska, 2013; Lewin, 2014). Studies on the occurrence of molluscs in small lowland rivers in our climate zone, despite their long tradition, are fragmentary (e.g. Piechocki, 1969, 1972; Kasprzak, 1975; Kołodziejczyk, 1994; Jakubik, 2003, 2008; Jurkiewicz-Karnkowska, 2019). Areas less recognised for malacofauna in- clude the Siedlce Upland – part of the South Podlasie Lowland (Kondracki, 2002). Malacofauna of small watercourses in the Siedlce Upland is poorly understood. Some remarks on species present in the region were provided by Królak (1998), who described the results of her studies on the content of heavy metals in molluscs of the Siedlce Up- land. Apart from papers by Jakubik (2003), Korycińska (2002) and Jurkiewicz-Karn- kowska (2016, 2019), no detailed data on molluscs from this region can be found. e Muchawka River is a le-bank tributary of the Liwiec River – the main river of the Siedlce Upland. erefore, species composition of molluscs in the former may markedly aect taxonomic diversity in the latter. e Muchawka River drains mostly agricultural grounds and, thus, is not signicantly polluted by domestic and/or in- dustrial wastewaters. Until 1999, data about the river were limited to general faunistic and oristic characteristics and to annual assessment of water quality performed by the Environmental Protection Inspectorate based on physical, chemical and biological parameters (Bakiera et al., 1993). at is why detailed faunistic studies on molluscs in the river were undertaken in the years 1999–2000 (Jakubik, 2003). Sixteen years later, the assessment of taxonomic composition of molluscs in the Muchawka River, in rela- tion to certain environmental factors, was repeated. 66 Changes of malacofauna in a small lowland river in eastern Poland Fig.1. Location of the sampling sites (Jakubik, 2003) Material and methods Study area Studies were carried out in the Muchawka River (52°12ʹ35ʺN, 22°13ʹ10ʹʹE) – a le- bank tributary of the Liwiec River. It springs about 2 km south of Daćbogi village and ows across the Siedlce Upland. e river is about 30 km long and its catchment area is 292 km2. e river forms a valley overgrown by periodically ooded meadows. e Mu- chawka River valley is oristically rich, especially in vascular plants. ere are about 400 species of vascular plants dominated by the families Asteraceae, Poaceae and Fabaceae from meadow, aquatic and rush communities (Kot, Dombrowski, 2001). Waters of the Muchawka River feed a recreational dam reservoir in Siedlce. Eight sampling sites, the same as in Jakubik (2003), were selected along the course of the Muchawka River (Fig. 1, 2). Characteristics of the sampling sites are given in table 1. 67 Tab. 1. Characteristics of study sites; plant nomenclature according to Podbielkowski, Tomaszewicz (1996) No. Type Width the Sampling Vegetation site river [m] depth [cm] bottom river bank high, enforced Acorus calamus L., Elodea canadensis 1 muddy with wooden 2–3 50 Michx, Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. stakes ex Steud, Sparganium ramosum Curtis 2 sandy-stony natural 2 20 Sparganium ramosum Curtis Elodea canadensis Michx, Juncus eusus 3 stony-muddy 3 20 L., Nuphar lutea L. Sibth & Sm, Sagittaria Beata Jakubik, Krzysztof Lewandowski, Aleksandra Biernat sagittifolia L. Elodea canadensis Michx, Nuphar lutea 4 5 30 L. Sibth & Sm, Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin.ex Steud Sagittaria sagittifolia L. sandy-stony natural, gentle Elodea canadensis Michx, Nuphar lutea 5 slope 6 80 L. Sibth & Sm, Sagittaria sagittifolia L., Sparganium ramosum Curtis Elodea canadensis Michx, Nuphar lutea L. 6 6 30 Sibth & Sm, Sagittaria sagittifolia L. sandy-muddy Nuphar lutea L. Sibth & Sm, Sagittaria 7 6 30 sagittifolia L., Sparganium ramosum Curtis, Typha latifolia L. natural, gently Nuphar lutea L. Sibth & Sm, Phragmites 8 muddy sloping, steep 8 30 australis (Cav.) Trin.ex Steud, Sagittaria in some places sagittifolia L., Typha latifolia L. Methods Water and molluscs were sampled in late spring (May to June) and in summer (July to the middle of September) 2016 in triplicate from every sampling site. Water for chemical analyses was collected in polyethylene containers and preserved with 2–3 cm3 of chloro- form per 1 dm3 of water (Hermanowicz et al., 1999). Dissolved oxygen (measured with the oxygen probe EOT 196), temperature and electrolytic conductivity of water (con- ductivity meter CC-317) were determined in the eld at each sampling site. Water pH (digital pH-meter CP-215), water hardness and concentrations of ammonium-nitrogen, nitrate-nitrogen, phosphates (eld photometer LF-205) and chlorides (with the argen- tometric method as in Hermanowicz et al., 1999) were determined in the laboratory. Based on physical and chemical parameters, water quality of the Muchawka River was estimated and compared with earlier data (Tab. 2). Molluscs were sampled with a 20-cm-wide grab sampler (Jakubik, 2003). e sam- ple was material collected from an area of one square meter. Bivalves of the family 68 Tab. 2. Water quality in the Muchawka River: A – data from 1999–2000 (Jakubik, 2003), B – data from 2016 Sites Final water Mean Parameteres 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 quality ABABABABABABABABABAB Temperature 15.73 17.20 19.70 17.00 16.73 18.30 20.33 21.00 21.00 21.30 20.10 19.90 14.20 19.10 18.10 18.70 18.23 19.06 I I [°C] Acidity [pH] 7.53 7.61 7.66 7.90 7.66 7.58 7.86 7.54 7.86 7.65 7.53 7.71 7.40 7.63 7.37 7.57 7.61 7.64 I II Conductivity 0.51 0.31 0.61 0.29 0.67 0.39 0.66 0.42 0.64 0.49 0.64 0.42 0.69 0.43 0.70 0.44 0.64 0.40 I II [mS/cm] 3 O2 [mg/dm ] 8.63 4.00 7.40 6.40 7.76 4.00 7.90 4.60 6.43 6.40 5.86 6.40 6.16 5.40 7.03 4.40 7.15 5.20 I * N – NO – 3 1.53 1.46 1.46 1.15 0.67 0.62 0.52 5.58 0.49 5.05 0.56 3.14 0.75 3.45 0.65 3.45 0.83 2.98 I * [mg/dm3] N – NH [mg/ 4 0.62 0.03 0.28 0.04 0.34 0.10 0.20 0.26 0.25 1.08 0.19 0.03 0.20 0.12 0.12 0.03 0.28 0.21 I II dm3] PO 3– [mg/ 4 0.43 0.82 0.43 0.87 0.36 0.51 0.33 0.30 0.43 0.16 0.46 0.23 0.40 0.23 0.30 0.25 0.39 0.42 II * dm3] Cl– [mg/dm3] 4.99 16.00 5.94 16.00 5.77 14.00 5.77 21.00 5.66 30.00 5.66 21 6.27 22 6.22 25 5.78 20.60 I II Hardness [mg CaCO3/ 255 176 331 180 364 242 362 228 341 244 347 234 370 242 373 242 345 224 I I dm3] Note: * does not t in II 69 small lowland river in eastern Poland eastern in river lowland small a in malacofauna of Changes Beata Jakubik, Krzysztof Lewandowski, Aleksandra Biernat Fig. 2. A, B – sites (1–2) in the upper section of the river; C, D – sites (4–5) in the middle stretch; E, F – sites (7–8) in the lower river section (Photo. K. Lewandowski) Unionidae were determined to the species level and then released back into the wa- ter. In the eld, collected material was washed on a sieve of 0.5 mm mesh. In the laboratory, molluscs were preserved in 70% ethanol. Molluscs were identied to the species level based on their morphological and anatomical features according to Pie- chocki and Dyduch-Falniowska (1993), Jackiewicz (2000), Piechocki and Wawrzyni- ak-Wydrowska (2016). e species nomenclature follows Glöer (2002). 70 Changes of malacofauna in a Statistical analysis e following parameters were calculated (Górny, Grüm, 1981): (1) the total number of species (S); (2) density − expressed as the number of individuals per square metre; (3) domination according to the formula D = 100 × ni /N where ni is the number of small lowland river in eastern Poland individuals of the i-th species and N is the number of individuals of all species; the val- ue of the domination, D, was divided into 5 classes: eudominants > 10.0%, dominants 5.1–10.0%, subdominants 2.1–5.0%, recedents 1.1–2.0% and subrecedents ≤ 1.0% of the sample; (4) the Shannon-Wiener index (H’) (Hauer, Lamberti, 2007): H’ = −S Pi ln Pi where Pi = Ni/N − the share of individuals of the i-th species. e signicance of dierences between the number of species and densities at par- ticular sites visited in 1999–2000 and in 2016 were evaluated with the Tukey one-way ANOVA test (Statistica v. 10). e compared parameters had a normal distribution.
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