Mathilde Rouxel, Jocelyne Saab

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Mathilde Rouxel, Jocelyne Saab M A T « À cause de ses films, et à cause de toute sa vie jusqu’à présent, je vois H I en Jocelyne Saab l’un des êtres les plus courageux, les plus intelligents et L D surtout les plus libres que je connaisse. Sa liberté de penser, et d’agir lui a E coûté très cher. Par moments, ce fut une question de vie et de mort. Peu R de gens, hommes ou femmes, ont autant souffert pour demeurer dignes O d’eux-mêmes, pour survivre d’une façon qui ait un sens, dans un monde si U X hostile ou si indifférent que celui qui est le nôtre. Jocelyne mérite que son E L travail soit reconnu à sa juste, à sa grande valeur, et peu de gens méritent | autant qu’elle notre admiration. Je suis heureuse de pouvoir le dire. » J O MATHILDE ROUXEL Etel Adnan, août 2014. C E L Y JOCELYNE SAAB N E Mathilde Rouxel a été assistante et collaboratrice de Jocelyne Saab sur l’ensemble des S LA MÉMOIRE INDOMPTÉE différents projets que celle-ci a mené durant les six dernières années de sa vie. Elle commence à analyser l’œuvre de la cinéaste en master sous la direction de Nicole Brenez, avec laquelle A A elle conduit également un travail de thèse sur la figure du peuple en lutte dans le cinéma des B 1970-2019 femmes en Égypte, en Tunisie et au Liban (1967-2017) à l’Université Paris 3-Sorbonne Nouvelle. - En 2019, Mathilde Rouxel fonde avec Nessim Ricardou et avec le soutien de nombreux proches L A de Jocelyne Saab l’Association des Amis de Jocelyne Saab, qui œuvre à la valorisation, à la diffusion et à la restauration du travail et des archives de la cinéaste et artiste M franco-libanaise. É M O I R E I N D O M P T É E ( 1 9 ) k 2 z 7 i 8 R 9 0 1 e ( i l - k a a h 2 t m a 0 a N H : 1 a e 9 r d i u r t ) a r F e : v u e r o c u t r e e g v a u p o n c e o t e o s i h P M ÉDITION CORRIGÉE ET AUGMENTÉE Mathilde Rouxel Jocelyne Saab La Mémoire indomptée (1970-2019) Édition corrigée et augmentée © Éditions Nadhar Pour l’édition tunisienne - Octobre 2019 ISBN 978- 9973-0990-0-6 Tous droits réservés ère 1 édition : Août 2015 Éditions Dar An-Nahar, Beyrouth, Liban. Photographie de couverture : Jocelyne Saab filmant durant le siège de Beyrouth, 1982. © Farida Hamak, 1982. Cette absence d’histoire m’a longtemps rassuré : sa sécheresse objective, son évidence apparente, son in- nocence, me protégeaient, mais de quoi me proté- geaient-elles, sinon précisément de mon histoire vécue, de mon histoire réelle, de mon histoire à moi qui, on peut le supposer, n’était ni sèche, ni objective, ni apparemment évidente, ni évidemment innocente. « Je n’ai pas de souvenirs d’enfance » : je posais cette affirmation avec assurance, avec presque une sorte de défi. L’on n’avait pas à m’interroger sur cette question. Elle n’était pas inscrite à mon programme. J’en étais dispensé : une autre histoire, la Grande, l’Histoire avec sa grande hache, avait déjà répondu à ma place : la guerre, les camps. Georges Pérec, W ou Le Souvenir d’enfance, 1975. Préface de la première édition La Mémoire sous le lit par Jocelyne Saab (2015) Lorsqu'une jeune étudiante diplômée en philosophie et histoire de l'art, alors étudiante en cinéma à l'ENS de Lyon, Mathilde Rouxel, est venue me trouver à Beyrouth durant l'été 2013 pour étudier mon travail filmique, les bombes explosaient à tous les coins de rue. Elle n'avait pas l'air de s'en soucier et insistait pour me rencontrer ; un entretien mené par Guy Henne- belle en 1975, paru à l'occasion de la sortie en salles à Paris du Liban dans la tourmente, mon premier long-métrage documentaire, avait attiré son atten- tion. Mon audace l'avait visiblement intriguée. Un second entretien plus ré- cent avec Olivier Hadouchi guidera les premiers pas de sa recherche. J'étais alors en pleine préparation du festival de films de résistance culturelle que je montais à partir de rien pour réagir face à la lourde situation politique et sociale dans laquelle avait à nouveau sombré le pays. Dans l'ur- gence d'agir, je lui ai proposé de m'accompagner dans cette entreprise, lui donnant par-là une chance de comprendre un peu le pays et mes raisons d'agir comme je le faisais. En me suivant dans cette aventure, elle a pu déceler ce qui motivait mon engagement, et a su retrouver dans mes films, mes photo- graphies et mes vidéos ces lignes de force qui parcourent de bout en bout mon travail d'artiste. Mathilde Rouxel avait alors à peine 21 ans et s'est avé- rée une précieuse collaboratrice. Après cette expérience exaltante qui avait pour objectif de « panser les plaies [d'une ville en guerre] sur grand écran », Mathilde s’est jetée à corps perdu dans mon travail, dans mes images, en quête de ce qu’elle a dé- celé comme étant ma « volonté tenace de reconstruire une mémoire en voie 8 Préface de disparition, d'exprimer une vérité impossible à rattraper, […] guidée par cette recherche intérieure d'une identité qui justifie sa place et son rôle dans un monde qui se déchire et qui plonge dans l'oubli ». J'habitais alors à Aïn Mreissé, en haut de la pointe la plus avancée de la ville sur la mer, dans une petite chambre sur un toit prêtée par un cou- ple d'amis mécènes. Dans cette petite bicoque aux allures romantiques, le seul espace dont je disposais pour ranger mes films était un grand lit en bois sous lequel je glissais de lourdes malles métalliques pleines de mes souve- nirs. Dans ce pays noyé de contradictions où votre personnalité n'est jugée qu'en fonction de l'argent dont vous disposez et de vos liens oligar- chiques et familiaux, les réalisations, les performances ou les valeurs hu- maines sont mésestimées, voire méprisées. Je gardais malgré tout l'illusion que ces malles métalliques pouvaient protéger un vécu fait d'authenticité, d'a- ventures humaines et de passion, et qui constituait, profondément, mon iden- tité. J'ai mis des mois à trouver le courage – psychologique plus que phy- sique – de m'étaler au sol dans cet espace exigu et de me glisser sous le lit pour en tirer une à une les cassettes vidéos de mes films, les bobines de pel- licules, les DVD, pour les confier à Mathilde. Je ne me doutais pas qu'elle ré- ussirait aussi bien à redonner vie à quarante ans de témoignage. Ce qui m'a le plus touché à la lecture de cette première mono- graphie, où Mathilde, comme le dit Nicole Brenez, revient sur ma façon d'ex- alter l'art dans le document, c'est la subtilité avec laquelle elle a su voir, au- delà de la simple information documentaire, équilibrée par la subjectivité dé- tonante qui me caractérisait ; elle a su saisir ce qui m'avait taraudé tout au long de ma carrière dans ma capture d'images : la recherche d'un « pacte nar- ratif établi entre la caméra et le monde réel » né d'abord d'un contact humain, d'un regard bienveillant. C'est une définition que l'on m'a toujours refusée – que je filme Beyrouth en pleine guerre civile ou que j'aborde par la fiction des tabous sacrés comme avec Dunia en Égypte, on a souvent fait de moi une banale sorcière gargantuesque, en raison de l'impact imprévu de mes films sur la société. Je ne suis pourtant pas plus haute que trois pommes, mais tou- jours prête à braver le feu ; Pasolini n'écrivait-il pas : « Faire du cinéma c'est écrire sur du papier qui brûle » ? Je suis ainsi redevenue, grâce à cette lecture – lucide – de mes films ce que j'ai toujours été : une femme engagée pour le droit à la vie à travers les images. Mathilde Rouxel par ce livre, aura contribué à la création d'un ins- trument de travail, indispensable pour mettre à jour une partie de la mémoire collective d'un pays toujours en déni de son passé. Je remercie Nicole Brenez d'avoir demandé à Mathilde Rouxel de me consacrer une recherche monographique exhaustive et la persévérante éditrice de Dar an-Nahar Jana Tamer, sans lesquelles cet ouvrage n'aurait pas existé. Préface de la nouvelle édition La première édition de cet ouvrage date de 2015. Jocelyne Saab, à ce moment-là, menait de front plusieurs projets : elle tenait la troisième édition du festival de film de Résistance Culturelle qu’elle avait créé trois ans auparavant (Cultural Resistance International Film Festival of Lebanon - CRIFFL), lançait la compétition internationale d’art contemporain Oscar Niemeyer, dont les lauréats devaient participer à la première Biennale Libanaise Internationale pour le Cinéma et les Arts (BLICA), finalement lancée à l’automne 2017, partait filmer et photographier les camps de réfugiés syriens dans la Bekaa libanaise pour son projet d’exposition Un dollar par jour, préparait pour l’université Boğaziçi d’Istanbul une courte vidéo d’art, sortie sous le nom d’Imaginary Postcard, et écrivait le scénario d’un musical consacré à la grande productrice libanaise vivant en Égypte Assia Dagher. Prolifique jusqu’à ses derniers jours, Jocelyne Saab a été, même malade, traversée par une énergie créatrice que rien ne pouvait arrêter.
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