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China's Monguor Minority

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China's Monguor Minority SINO-PLATONIC PAPERS Number 59 December, 1994 China’s Monguor Minority: Ethnography and Folktales by Kevin Stuart & Limusishiden Victor H. Mair, Editor Sino-Platonic Papers Department of East Asian Languages and Civilizations University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA 19104-6305 USA [email protected] www.sino-platonic.org SINO-PLATONIC PAPERS is an occasional series edited by Victor H. Mair. The purpose of the series is to make available to specialists and the interested public the results of research that, because of its unconventional or controversial nature, might otherwise go unpublished. The editor actively encourages younger, not yet well established, scholars and independent authors to submit manuscripts for consideration. Contributions in any of the major scholarly languages of the world, including Romanized Modern Standard Mandarin (MSM) and Japanese, are acceptable. In special circumstances, papers written in one of the Sinitic topolects (fangyan) may be considered for publication. Although the chief focus of Sino-Platonic Papers is on the intercultural relations of China with other peoples, challenging and creative studies on a wide variety of philological subjects will be entertained. This series is not the place for safe, sober, and stodgy presentations. Sino-Platonic Papers prefers lively work that, while taking reasonable risks to advance the field, capitalizes on brilliant new insights into the development of civilization. The only style-sheet we honor is that of consistency. Where possible, we prefer the usages of the Journal of Asian Studies. Sinographs (hanzi, also called tetragraphs [fangkuaizi]) and other unusual symbols should be kept to an absolute minimum. Sino-Platonic Papers emphasizes substance over form. Submissions are regularly sent out to be refereed and extensive editorial suggestions for revision may be offered. Manuscripts should be double-spaced with wide margins and submitted in duplicate. A set of "Instructions for Authors" may be obtained by contacting the editor. Ideally, the final draft should be a neat, clear camera-ready copy with high black- and-white contrast. Sino-Platonic Papers is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial-NoDerivs 2.5 License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, 543 Howard Street, 5th Floor, San Francisco, California, 94105, USA. Please note: When the editor goes on an expedition or research trip, all operations (including filling orders) may temporarily cease for up to two or three months at a time. In such circumstances, those who wish to purchase various issues of SPP are requested to wait patiently until he returns. If issues are urgently needed while the editor is away, they may be requested through Interlibrary Loan. N.B.: Beginning with issue no. 171, Sino-Platonic Papers has been published electronically on the Web. Issues from no. 1 to no. 170, however, will continue to be sold as paper copies until our stock runs out, after which they too will be made available on the Web at www.sino-platonic.org. _______________________________________________ % - China's Folktales CAt@d6, Jdvin Stuart G. dmrrnudtd*Lad r en ABOUTTHE EDITORS KEVIN STUART is an ethnographer, folklorist, and teacher of English. He has lived in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and Qinghai Province (China) and the Republic of Mongolia since 1984. He presently lives in Xining, Qinghai. LIMUSISHIDEN,a native of Tughuan Village, Huzhu Monguor Autonomous County, began studying in Slidii (Chinese: Sunde) Village primary school at the age of nine. Five years later, in 1982, he began junior middle school in Danrna Township. Three years later he entered the Huzhu County Minority Nationality Middle School in Weiyuan. After graduating in 1988, he entered Qinghai Medical College where he studied Biomedicine. After graduating with a MD degree in 1993, he has worked as a general surgeon in Qinghai Medical College Attached Hospital. Dr. Limusishiden is fluent in Monguor, Modern Standard Mandarin, the Huzhu County Han dialect, and English. Contents Preface < 1 > Gatherings by Diao Wenqing and Cai Xiling; Translated by Li Huili and Li Part I: Social and Historical Xuewei <63 > Investigation of the Qinghai 9. The Seventh Moon Meeting of the Guanting Monguor by Ma Guangxing; Monguor by the Qinghai Province Translated by Li Xuewei < 70 > Compiling Group; Translated by Gu Maolin The Monguor Masked Dance by Ma and Li Xuewei < 2 > Guangxing;- - Translated by Shao Jiahui and Li Xuewei < 73 > To Our Readers < 2 > 11. The Qiang Origins of Monguor 1. Political Development < 3 > Funerals by Qu Qingshun; Translated by 2. Economic Background < 4 > Li Xuewei < 76 > 3. Language < 8 > 4. Folk Beliefs < 9 > 5. Youning Temple [Erh-ku-lung; Dgon- Part III: Folktales lung; dGon Lung] < 22 > 6. Monguor Customs and Habits < 22 > 1. Huzhu Folktales 7. Marriage and the Clan System < 26 > 8. Art and Literature < 30 > Black Horse Zhang < 80 > 9. Social and Historical Investigation of A Peacock < 83 > the Monguor Living in the Hongazigou Sister Zhuoma < 87 > Area of Huzhu Monguor Autonomous Three Orphan Sisters < 88 > County <31> Bawo Morite < 90 > 10. Social and Historical Investigation of Huairighasuu Outsmarts the lame Lama the Monguor Living in the < 98 > Donggoudazhuang Area of Huzhu The Blind Doctor < 101 > County <33 > Three Brothers Learn Through Worldly Experiences < 104 > ~halanGu and Dala < 106 > Part 11: Monguor Studies Shilange < 110 > The ~angus< 114 > 1. Monguor Origins Based on Customs An Old Woman Cries for Help < 117 > and Oral Literature by Ma Guangxing; A Toad Bestows a. Treasure < 118 > Translated by Hu Jun < 37 > Dindinmiu < 120 > 2. Formation of the Living World by Ma Insatiably Greedy Younger Brother < 120 > Guangxing; Translated by Bao Hua and Avaricious Elder Brother < 122 > Hu Jun <41> The Old Spotted Bull and Elder Brother 3. Monguor Epics by Li Youlou; < 123 > Translated by Tie Yaoyong and Li The Sweets Salesman, the Rabbit, and the Xuewei <43 > Wolf < 124 > 4. Monguor Omens by Xi Yuanlin; The Rabbit Shares the Booty < 124 > Translated and summarized by The Ox, Yak, and Tiger < 126 > Limusishiden < 46A > A Frog and a Tiger < 127> 5. A Monguor Love Story Similar to The Frog Which Liked to Boast < 128 > "Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai" by Xi The Fox and the Frog < 129 > Yuanlin; Translated by Song Lili and Li The Turtledove that Wished to Eat the Sun Xuewei < 5 1 > < 129 > 6. Monguor Proverbs by Xi Yuanlin; The Greedy Bird King < 130> Translated by Fan Qiqing and Hu Jun Mr. Magpie < 131 > 7. The Chilie Mountain Monguor Mamage by Qian Zhongli; Translated by Wang Fajin and Li Xuewei <59> 8. Monguor Folk Festivals and Contents (continued) 2. Minhe Folktales The Chicken Threshers < 165 > The Ghosts' Revenge < 165 > The Origin of Rain < 132 > Yak Man <166> The Light-Giving Tree < 132 > Strong Man < 166 > the Origin of Mengda lake (I & 11) < 133 > Lute's Miracles < 167 > The Black City of Guanting < 134 > An Evil Whirlwind < 168 > How Guanting Got Its Name (I & 11) The Stick of Revenge < 169 > < 134 > The Serpent's Cure < 170 > Phoenix Mountain Legend < 135 > Youngest Brother Returns Favors < 171 > Origin of the Nadun < 136 > Greedy Elder Brother < 172 > The Second of the Second Month < 136 > Three Pieces of Sincere Advice < 172 > The Eighteenth of the Eighth Month To Curse One's Self < 173 > < 137 > A Lama and an Old Lady < 173 > Origin of the torch Leaping Festival The Broken Jar < 174 > < 138> The Trickster < 174> The Sending Treasure God Dance < 138 > The Ghost < 175 > Slashing the Dragon King < 139> The Wolf, Rabbit, and Crow < 175 > Origin of Wheat Liquor (Mingliuzz] Story of the Wolf and Fox < 176> < 141 > The Frog, Crow, and Magpie < 177 > Daola (Wedding Songs) < 142 > Missing the Chance < 178 > Mongol and Monguor Songs < 142 > Liu Wu Marries Red Flower < 178 > Kidnapped < 143 > Little Green Stone < 179 > The First Persuasion < 144 > Birdman < 180 > Dandou Temple < 144 > The Lord Pays the Farmer After All The Hu-Li Family Village Temple < 144> < 181 > Gadang Wuxi Naier < 146 > The Frog Child < 182 > Moving the Hu Ancestral Graveyard The Frog Demands a Wife < 182 > < 147> How Red Cliff Mountain Lost Its Forest Douyuanshan Saves His Father < 147 > < 183> Erlang Lord < 148 > Erlang's Wife < 153 > References < 185 > Heaven's Justice < 153 > The Son Who Learned to be Filial < 154 > Index < 188 > The Two Daughters-in-law < 155 > The Filial Daughter-in-law < 155 > Tables The Little Wooden Doll < 156> Myna Bird < 157 > Table 8.1 Monguor Traditional Folk The Green and White Eagles < 157 > Festivals and Gatherings < 65 > The Death of the Wife and the Return of Table 9.1 Nadun Schedule < 71 > the Mother < 158> Back Basket < 158 > Father's Pillow < 160 > Beggar Father < 160 > Tieguaili the Immortal < 161 > Landlord Wang and His Three Wives < 162> Fifty Pieces of Silver < 163 > Whose Father Was That? < 164 > The Powerful Living Buddha < 164 > The Ghost Donkey < 165 > Preface The Monguor' numbered more than 191,000 in 1990 (Zhang and Zeng 1993: 62). They lived in five enclaves--four in eastern Qinghai Province (Koko Nor) and one in western Gansu Province. Significant cultural and linguistic differences separate these groups. Monguor from different areas speak Chinese or Tibetan as a common language when they meet. Within individual enclaves, substantial variations in both language and cultural activities are evident. There are three parts to this material. Part One is a study of the Monguor begun in the 1950s as part of a larger effort to study all minority nationalities in China. Part Two presents a number of cultural materials, mostly written by Monguor, and Part Three is devoted to folktales. In the "References" section I have listed the materials cited in this manuscript and other materials related to the Monguor. Interested readers may pursue more detailed information by consulting these materials.
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