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Lewṭē Zewde to Kīrillus V, 9 Jan. 1882

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Lewṭē Zewde to Kīrillus V, 9 Jan. 1882 Document no. 65 Lewṭē Zewde to Kīrillus V, 9 Jan. 1882 The holy God, the sacred Father, the all- bene volent, he who is full of virtue, of the seat of the Coptic church of Alexandria, the slave of the Lord, son of St. Mark, the apostle in the land of Alexan dria which is called the land of all the apostles and which lives under the um brella of the Jacobites and the firm foundation of Abyssi nia, the fourth of the evange lists and the sec ond most be loved of the apostl es, the father and be ne volent Abba Kīrillus, patriarch of the see of St. Mark. May He prolong his life. After greetings and prostra tion (lit. under your feet), and reception of your bless ing from your re spected hands, we pray al ways that you may live in peace for a long time. In deed, that this has taken such a long time is because we wished to have it in the mind of Your Holiness, since we are your sons and you will forgive us. If there is a wrong or sin that we have committed, the Deity, the Son of the living God, who is wanted by all, has given you the key to redeem the wanted ones from among the un wanted and to turn as your sons the kings that have committed sins. And we implore you that you visit your son with your fatherly zeal, with your peaceful power, and bless and absolve the sins of our wives and sons. May the Lord prolong your potential with long life with all justice. Amen. And now we have sent to your holiness by the hands of my father Qumuṣ Mīka’ēl, and for the sake of your beloved son Tamru, presents of two bells for the church. May the Lord prolong your life for our sake. Your son the bejirond, the treasurer of the king (one word illegible) The year 1598, 2 Ṭuba. (one word illegible) 58 Bejirond Lewṭē. Seal: The seal of Bejirond Lewṭē. __________________ Ghali Collection, no. 156, Arabic original. This Arabic text has been extremely difficult to decipher and understand, thus the above translation must be regarded as a paraphrase. For the author, see doc. 24. 79 Sven Rubenson, Amsalu Aklilu, Shiferaw Bekele, and Samuel Shiferaw - 9789198469974 Downloaded from manchesterhive.com at 10/05/2021 06:10:49PM via free access RUBENSON TEXT.indd 79 03/02/2021 13:53 Document no. 66 Yohannis IV to Minīlik II, 15 Jan. 1882 May the message of the Elect of God Yohannis, King of Zion, King of Kings of Ethiopia, reach King Minīlik, an Israelite indeed, in whom there is no guile. Peace be to you and the peace of God be with you. By the grace of God and the interces- sion of Our Mother Zion – may the God of the saints be honoured and praised – I am well, since his mercy is forever. The letter has reached me. Earlier I have answered both of your mes sages by letters: “Please, do not quarrel, love one another.” I advise and serve as an elder, as a mother, as a father but it is not something that I ordered you, like a king saying “Have this done”. And now let us not be the target (?) of the mockery of gentiles and of Satan. As we have many enemies on this side of the sea and from the other side, if we fight against one another and if Christian blood is shed in vain Christ will not be happy. And now let not the armies of you two meet. If they meet it will come to fighting. Please, have patience until I come. Let your armies stay where they are. Besides, if I turn my face towards Tigrē many things will happen in Werre Babo, in Argobba and in Wello. I hear [people] saying that the neckband (mateb) will be cut; they will become Muslims. I was saying, “Can it be the lost advice of Abba Waṭew?” And now it is better if it is discussed. However, it is not that it would have been difficult for me to destroy him but [I have no desire] to be on bad terms with my brother. Written in the camp of Chinị̄ on 8th Ṭirr in the year of grace 1874. __________________ Tarīke Negest, p. 56, Addis Abeba [1936], printed Amharic text. 80 Sven Rubenson, Amsalu Aklilu, Shiferaw Bekele, and Samuel Shiferaw - 9789198469974 Downloaded from manchesterhive.com at 10/05/2021 06:10:49PM via free access RUBENSON TEXT.indd 80 03/02/2021 13:53 Document no. 67 Yohannis IV to Tekle Haymanot, 30 Jan. 1882 May the message of the Elect of God Yohannis, King of Zion, King of Kings of Ethiopia, reach King Tekle Haymanot, an Israelite indeed, in whom there is no guile. Peace be to you and the peace of God be with you. By the grace of God and the intercession of Our Mother Ṣiyon, may the God of the saints be honoured and praised, I am well, since his mercy lasts for- ever. I have re ceived the letter. Having heard the case of both of you I remain antici pa ting trou- ble. But since it is said “Do not overcome evil with evil, but by doing good”, let alone [against] my enemy who is near by; but even he who is far away, not I but God, by His grace, takes steps on my behalf. And now it is bad to do wrong; I do not act wrongly. For a wronged person has never been disadvantaged. Anyway I am coming there. Everything will be done when we meet. Written in the town of Adwa on 23rd Ṭirr in the year of grace 1874. __________________ Tarīke Negest, pp. 56–57, Addis Abeba [1936], printed Amharic text. The messenger carrying this letter is also said to have been entrusted with an oral message from Minīlik intended for Tekle Haymanot. It has been preserved in Hiruy’s book as follows: “Why do you always humiliate me? Some time ago you came in force and had my country Gojjam destroyed, and [then] left. And now again you have appointed people over the country of the Galla which I have brought under my control. Now after this I am coming; don’t go away. Choose a place which you prepare in Haro, Jimma [or] Chelliya and wait for me in an open field. I am not sending this message in a letter believing that you would read it alone by yourself, tear it into pieces and throw it away, pretending not to have heard about it and run away. But if it is delivered orally and if you have heard and flee, your servants would make critical observations against you. It is for that reason that I have sent it orally.” 81 Sven Rubenson, Amsalu Aklilu, Shiferaw Bekele, and Samuel Shiferaw - 9789198469974 Downloaded from manchesterhive.com at 10/05/2021 06:10:49PM via free access RUBENSON TEXT.indd 81 03/02/2021 13:53 Document no. 68 Yohannis IV, proclamation on the faith of ferenj [Jan. 1882] Look here, I have brought you an abun. Approach him and receive his benediction. You have entered [into] a foreign creed, i.e. one different from mine, return; you have accepted the creed of the ferenj, return to the creed of your fathers, return to the abun and swear the oath to him, in order to make yourself liked and blessed by him . If you say, “I will do nothing of [the kind]”, know that your hand is at stake! [You will give] your hand to me and your property to your accuser. __________________ AECPC, Massaouah 4, fol. 267, French translation. The person who has recorded this and the follow ing two pro- clamations dated them “Vers le 10 Janvier”, “Vers la fin du même mois” and “Le même jour” respectively. Whether he ever saw them in writing is impossible to know; indeed they may have been proclaimed orally, which may explain the lack of proper, solemn introductions and dates. In any case the proclamation is clearly addressed to Catholics. The last phrase indicates the punishment of having one hand cut off and the property handed back to the missionaries. Document no. 69 Yohannis IV, proclamation on the practice of Islam [Jan. 1882] You who were a Muslim I made a Christian three years ago; if you do not remember it, calculate yourself. But [in reality] you are a Christian only by day and exercise Muslim practices by night. You do not eat meat together with Christians, you do not partake of the Communion. Be a real Christian, come to the abun to be blessed, take a confessor, eat Christian meat . If you marry, marry a Christian girl, and do not give your daughter to anyone but a Christian. Whoever does not do [anything of] this, may he be killed like a Ṭilṭal or a Galla, and the killer may receive the insignia of an elephant killer. __________________ AECPC, Massaouah 4, fol. 267, French translation. For the date, see doc. 68. The insignia of an elephant killer was reportedly a small silver chain rolled round the mateb, the blue ribbon of a Christian. 82 Sven Rubenson, Amsalu Aklilu, Shiferaw Bekele, and Samuel Shiferaw - 9789198469974 Downloaded from manchesterhive.com at 10/05/2021 06:10:49PM via free access RUBENSON TEXT.indd 82 03/02/2021 13:53 Document no. 70 Yohannis IV, proclamation on schismatics [Jan. 1882] While I am bringing back the Muslims to Christianity, braggarts (foucarotes) and ferenj have come who say, “We are the ones who have the true creed, we are the ones who have the abun.” Regard them and those who have the same creed as Muslims.
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