Key Moments and Events Leading up To, During and After the War Dates
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The Night Operation on the Passchendaele Ridge, 2Nd December 1917
Centre for First World War Studies A Moonlight Massacre: The Night Operation on the Passchendaele Ridge, 2nd December 1917 by Michael Stephen LoCicero Thesis submitted to The University of Birmingham for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY School of History and Cultures College of Arts & Law June 2011 University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. Abstract The Third Battle of Ypres was officially terminated by Field Marshal Sir Douglas Haig with the opening of the Battle of Cambrai on 20 November 1917. Nevertheless, a comparatively unknown set-piece attack – the only large-scale night operation carried out on the Flanders front during the campaign – was launched twelve days later on 2 December. This thesis, a necessary corrective to published campaign narratives of what has become popularly known as „Passchendaele‟, examines the course of events from the mid-November decision to sanction further offensive activity in the vicinity of Passchendaele village to the barren operational outcome that forced British GHQ to halt the attack within ten hours of Zero. A litany of unfortunate decisions and circumstances contributed to the profitless result. -
War Weariness' in the Canadian Corps During the Hundred Days Campaign of the First World War
University of Calgary PRISM: University of Calgary's Digital Repository Graduate Studies The Vault: Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2013-09-13 Unwilling to Continue, Ordered to Advance: An Examination of the Contributing Factors Toward, and Manifestations of, 'War Weariness' in the Canadian Corps during the Hundred Days Campaign of the First World War Chase, Jordan A.S. Chase, J. A. (2013). Unwilling to Continue, Ordered to Advance: An Examination of the Contributing Factors Toward, and Manifestations of, 'War Weariness' in the Canadian Corps during the Hundred Days Campaign of the First World War (Unpublished master's thesis). University of Calgary, Calgary, AB. doi:10.11575/PRISM/28595 http://hdl.handle.net/11023/951 master thesis University of Calgary graduate students retain copyright ownership and moral rights for their thesis. You may use this material in any way that is permitted by the Copyright Act or through licensing that has been assigned to the document. For uses that are not allowable under copyright legislation or licensing, you are required to seek permission. Downloaded from PRISM: https://prism.ucalgary.ca UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY Unwilling to Continue, Ordered to Advance: An Examination of the Contributing Factors Toward, and Manifestations of, ‘War Weariness’ in the Canadian Corps during the Hundred Days Campaign of the First World War by Jordan A.S. Chase A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY CALGARY, ALBERTA SEPTEMBER, 2013 © Jordan A.S. Chase 2013 Abstract This thesis examines the contributing factors and manifestations of ‘war weariness’ in the Canadian Corps during the final months of the Great War. -
The Western Front the First World War Battlefield Guide: World War Battlefield First the the Westernthe Front
Ed 2 June 2015 2 June Ed The First World War Battlefield Guide: Volume 1 The Western Front The First Battlefield War World Guide: The Western Front The Western Creative Media Design ADR003970 Edition 2 June 2015 The Somme Battlefield: Newfoundland Memorial Park at Beaumont Hamel Mike St. Maur Sheil/FieldsofBattle1418.org The Somme Battlefield: Lochnagar Crater. It was blown at 0728 hours on 1 July 1916. Mike St. Maur Sheil/FieldsofBattle1418.org The First World War Battlefield Guide: Volume 1 The Western Front 2nd Edition June 2015 ii | THE WESTERN FRONT OF THE FIRST WORLD WAR ISBN: 978-1-874346-45-6 First published in August 2014 by Creative Media Design, Army Headquarters, Andover. Printed by Earle & Ludlow through Williams Lea Ltd, Norwich. Revised and expanded second edition published in June 2015. Text Copyright © Mungo Melvin, Editor, and the Authors listed in the List of Contributors, 2014 & 2015. Sketch Maps Crown Copyright © UK MOD, 2014 & 2015. Images Copyright © Imperial War Museum (IWM), National Army Museum (NAM), Mike St. Maur Sheil/Fields of Battle 14-18, Barbara Taylor and others so captioned. No part of this publication, except for short quotations, may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the permission of the Editor and SO1 Commemoration, Army Headquarters, IDL 26, Blenheim Building, Marlborough Lines, Andover, Hampshire, SP11 8HJ. The First World War sketch maps have been produced by the Defence Geographic Centre (DGC), Joint Force Intelligence Group (JFIG), Ministry of Defence, Elmwood Avenue, Feltham, Middlesex, TW13 7AH. United Kingdom. -
World War I Assessment
N a m e ________________________________ D a t e _________________ P e r i o d _________ World War I Assessment Match each definition in the left column with the correct term from the right column. Write the letter of the term in the space provided. ____1. a war where one’s enemy is worn down to the point of collapse by A. League of Nations continuous losses in people, food and war weapons B. Fourteen Points ____2. agreement to stop fighting C. nationalism ____3. deadlock in which neither side is able to defeat the other D. total war ____4. Payments for war damage E. war of attrition ____5. all people and resources to the war effort and imposing censorship of the press. F. imperialism ____6. agreements or promises to defend and help another country G. alliance ____7. having pride in your country, willing to defend it H. stalemate ____8. trying to build up an empire, by taking control of weaker nations I. reparations ____9. peace plan by President Wilson that called for the League of Nations J. armistice K. militarism L. anti-Semitism ____10. World War I was more destructive than earlier wars because a. the armies were more ruthless. c. modern weapons were more deadly. b. it lasted longer. d. airplanes could drop huge bombs. ____11. Which of the following helped the Allies to achieve the breakthrough they sought in World War I? a. the Russian Revolution c. the waging of total war b. the involvement of the United States d. the battle of Somme ____12. Why was it difficult to gain an advantage over the enemy in trench warfare? a. -
THE BATTLE of FRANCE (July 19 to August 29, 1944)
THE BATTLE OF FRANCE (July 19 to August 29, 1944) N our last issue's review of the invasion battle 31. This breakthrough decided the entire cam we pointed out two remarkable facts. viz.• paign. Another wave of US troop. advanoe!l I (1) that only one major landing operation had east from Granville to Villedieu to CO-<lperate been carried out during the first six weeks, and with formatioJlB furt,her t.o the northeast ill (2) that the number of troops pumped into the protecting the left Bank of the main thruli,. comparatively narrow bridgehead was out of Several German attacks against this flank in the proportion to the area then at the disposal of the area of Tessy. VilJedieu. and Mortain. which u Allied Command. Although this seemed to indicate one time narrowed the American corridor of that General Eisenhower intended to concentrate Avranches to twenty kilometers. had to be aban. all hi' available forces for a push from this one doned, as the sout.hward advance of the Britilh bridgehead. the German High Command could not 2nd Army from the region of Caumont threatened be sure of that and had therefore to maintain con· the rear of the German divisioJlB. The fate of the siderable forces all along the far·Bung coasts of campaign in FTance was sealed: what was at stake Europe. a factor which limited the forces opposing now was no longer tbe fat.e of French territory the Normandy invaders and gave the Allies a vast but that of the German armiCl in France. -
The German Army, Vimy Ridge and the Elastic Defence in Depth in 1917
Journal of Military and Strategic VOLUME 18, ISSUE 2 Studies “Lessons learned” in WWI: The German Army, Vimy Ridge and the Elastic Defence in Depth in 1917 Christian Stachelbeck The Battle of Arras in the spring of 1917 marked the beginning of the major allied offensives on the western front. The attack by the British 1st Army (Horne) and 3rd Army (Allenby) was intended to divert attention from the French main offensive under General Robert Nivelle at the Chemin des Dames (Nivelle Offensive). 1 The French commander-in-chief wanted to force the decisive breakthrough in the west. Between 9 and 12 April, the British had succeeded in penetrating the front across a width of 18 kilometres and advancing around six kilometres, while the Canadian corps (Byng), deployed for the first time in closed formation, seized the ridge near Vimy, which had been fiercely contested since late 1914.2 The success was paid for with the bloody loss of 1 On the German side, the battles at Arras between 2 April and 20 May 1917 were officially referred to as Schlacht bei Arras (Battle of Arras). In Canada, the term Battle of Vimy Ridge is commonly used for the initial phase of the battle. The seizure of Vimy ridge was a central objective of the offensive and was intended to secure the protection of the northern flank of the 3rd Army. 2 For detailed information on this, see: Jack Sheldon, The German Army on Vimy Ridge 1914-1917 (Barnsley: Pen&Sword Military, 2008), p. 8. Sheldon's book, however, is basically a largely indiscriminate succession of extensive quotes from regimental histories, diaries and force files from the Bavarian War Archive (Kriegsarchiv) in Munich. -
Military Tribunal, Indictments
MILITARY TRIBUNALS Case No. 12 THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA -against- WILHELM' VON LEEB, HUGO SPERRLE, GEORG KARL FRIEDRICH-WILHELM VON KUECHLER, JOHANNES BLASKOWITZ, HERMANN HOTH, HANS REINHARDT. HANS VON SALMUTH, KARL HOL LIDT, .OTTO SCHNmWIND,. KARL VON ROQUES, HERMANN REINECKE., WALTERWARLIMONT, OTTO WOEHLER;. and RUDOLF LEHMANN. Defendants OFFICE OF MILITARY GOVERNMENT FOR GERMANY (US) NORNBERG 1947 • PURL: https://www.legal-tools.org/doc/c6a171/ TABLE OF CONTENTS - Page INTRODUCTORY 1 COUNT ONE-CRIMES AGAINST PEACE 6 A Austria 'and Czechoslovakia 7 B. Poland, France and The United Kingdom 9 C. Denmark and Norway 10 D. Belgium, The Netherland.; and Luxembourg 11 E. Yugoslavia and Greece 14 F. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics 17 G. The United states of America 20 . , COUNT TWO-WAR CRIMES AND CRIMES AGAINST HUMANITY: CRIMES AGAINST ENEMY BELLIGERENTS AND PRISONERS OF WAR 21 A: The "Commissar" Order , 22 B. The "Commando" Order . 23 C, Prohibited Labor of Prisoners of Wal 24 D. Murder and III Treatment of Prisoners of War 25 . COUNT THREE-WAR CRIMES AND CRIMES AGAINST HUMANITY: CRIMES AGAINST CIVILIANS 27 A Deportation and Enslavement of Civilians . 29 B. Plunder of Public and Private Property, Wanton Destruc tion, and Devastation not Justified by Military Necessity. 31 C. Murder, III Treatment and Persecution 'of Civilian Popu- lations . 32 COUNT FOUR-COMMON PLAN OR CONSPIRACY 39 APPENDIX A-STATEMENT OF MILITARY POSITIONS HELD BY THE DEFENDANTS AND CO-PARTICIPANTS 40 2 PURL: https://www.legal-tools.org/doc/c6a171/ INDICTMENT -
10/10/2007 Veterans History Project Content Page 1 Last Name First
Veterans History Project content 10/10/2007 Last name First name Branch Yrs service Battalion-Regiment Highest rank Conflict Injured POW Honors Notes Ainsworth Thomas Army (Air 1941-1945 332nd Service 1st World War N N African OCS; Africa, Italy; Corps) Group, 12th Air Lieutenant II Campaign w/4 photocopies of Anderson Mary K. Navy 1943-1946 WAVES Lieutenant World War N N American photographs and Junior Grade II Theater and manuscripts Anderson John D. Army (Air 1944-1945 443 AAF BU 1st World War N N Theater Interview by Corps) Lieutenant II Ribbons-5 Kathleen Anteau Robert L. Navy 1943-1946 USS Drexler DD Fire World War N N American 741 Controlman II Area, Antoszews Rita S. Army 1945-1946 361st Station Ist Lieutenant World War Y N Victory Medal, suffered from ki Nurse Hospital II A-P Theater perforated Apel Edward G. Army 1941-1946 Special Engineers Corporal 5th World War N N Interview on mini Grade II cassette Balough Elmer J. Air Force 1947-1950 5th Air Force Sergeant Korea N N Japanese Occupation Bartell Frank J. Navy 1942-1953 Lieutenant World War N N Theater photographs, Junior Grade II (Korea? Ribbons, manuscripts Baron Eugene A. Army (Air 1942-1945 8th AF 351 Bomb Tech. World War N N Air Medal w/3 manuscripts, Force) Group Sergeant II clusters, photographs Basilius Vernon J. Navy 1952-1954 USS Hunt DD674 Petty Officer Korea N N 2nd Class Basler Francis Army 1942-1946 11th Armored Div. T4 Tech World War NNService 3rd Army Sergeant II Ribbons, Battle Batchelor Edward W. -
'Something Is Wrong with Our Army…' Command, Leadership & Italian
Journal of Military and Strategic VOLUME 14, ISSUE 1, FALL 2011 Studies ‘Something is wrong with our army…’ Command, Leadership & Italian Military Failure in the First Libyan Campaign, 1940-41. Dr. Craig Stockings There is no question that the First Libyan Campaign of 1940-41 was an Italian military disaster of the highest order. Within hours of Mussolini’s declaration of war British troops began launching a series of very successful raids by air, sea and land in the North African theatre. Despite such early setbacks a long-anticipated Italian invasion of Egypt began on 13 September 1940. After three days of ponderous and costly advance, elements of the Italian 10th Army halted 95 kilometres into Egyptian territory and dug into a series of fortified camps southwest of the small coastal village of Sidi Barrani. From 9-11 December, these camps were attacked by Western Desert Force (WDF) in the opening stages of Operation Compass – the British counter-offensive against the Italian invasion. Italian troops not killed or captured in the rout that followed began a desperate and disjointed withdrawal back over the Libyan border, with the British in pursuit. The next significant engagement of the campaign was at the port-village Bardia, 30 kilometres inside Libya, in the first week of 1941. There the Australian 6 Division, having recently replaced 4 Indian Division as the infantry component of WDF (now renamed 13 Corps), broke the Italian fortress and its 40,000 defenders with few casualties. The feat was repeated at the port of Tobruk, deeper into Libya, when another 27,000 Italian prisoners were taken. -
German 5Th Army Before Verdun March-September 1916
German 5th Army Before Verdun March-September 1916 5th Army: Crown Prince Wilhelm On Left Bank of the Maas Western Attack Group: General der Artillery von Gallwitz VI Reserve Corps: General der Infanterie z.D.von Goszler 11th Bavarian Division: Generalleutnant von Kneussel 21st Bavarian Brigade: Generalmajlr Ritter von Schoch (replaced on 4/18 by GM z.D.Raab) 3rd Bavarian Regiment 22nd Bavarian Regiment 13th Reserve Bavarian Reserve Regiment 21st Bavarian Field Artillery Regiment 19th Bavarian Pioneer Company 21st Bavarian Pioneer Company 4th Co/6th Pioneer Battalion 11th Bavarian Trench Mortar Company 11th Bavarian Pontoon Engineers 11th Bavarian Telephone Detachment 192nd Division: Generalmajor Kotsch 192nd Infantry Regiment 193rd Infantry Regiment 25th Bavarian Infantry Regiment (2 bns) 1st Landwehr Squadron, 12th Corps District 192nd Field Artillery Battalion 192nd Pioneer Company 404th Trench Mortar Company (may be detached) 11th Reserve Division: Generalleutnant von Hertzberg 23rd Brigade: Oberst Daubert (until 4/3, then Oberst Jetter 10th Reserve Regiment 2 Machine Gun Companies 22nd Regiment 2 Machine Gun Companies 156th Regiment 2 Machine Gun Companies 11th Reserve Field Artillery Regiment 95th Anti-Aircraft Platoon 4th Field Company, 29th Pioneer Battalion 283rd Pioneer Company 211th Trench Mortar Company 6th Reserve Medical Company 12th Reserve Division: Generalleutnant von Kehler (until 4/20, then Generalleutnant von Kahlden 22nd Reserve Brigade: Generalleutnant z. D. von Leyser 23rd Reserve Regiment 1 Machine Gun Company -
Asimi) Qawasim Confederation Migrates to the Coast of the Arab Gulf from the Persian Littoral
Timeline / Before 1800 to After 1930 / POLITICAL CONTEXT Date Country Theme 1700 United Arab Emirates (Sharjah) Political Context In the early 1700s, the (Al-Qasimi) Qawasim confederation migrates to the coast of the Arab Gulf from the Persian littoral. Here, they establish their main base in Julfar (later Ras al-Khaimah), soon extending their sway all along the lower Gulf, across areas of the east coast and towns on the Persian littoral. 1765 - 1800 Saudi Arabia Political Context In 1765 Imam Muhammad bin Saud establishes the First Saudi State in Arabia, starting with the Najd region, and making its capital the city of Dir‘iyya. 1782 - 1813 Tunisia Political Context During the reign of Hammuda Pasha Bey, known as the “Founder” of modern Tunisia, the Regency of Tunis enjoys a thriving economy and an overall sense of security. 1790 - 1800 United Arab Emirates (Sharjah) Political Context Between around 1790 and the early 1800s, threatened by increasing British inroads into traditional Gulf economies and politics, and supported by the Persians and Omanis, the Qawasim attack British vessels to defend their economic empire in the Lower Gulf. 1797 Austria Political Context Austria and France conclude the Treaty of Campo Formio on 17 October. Austria then cedes to Belgium and Lombardy. To compensate, it gains the eastern part of the Venetian Republic up to the Adige, including Venice, Istria and Dalmatia. 1800 - 1803 Saudi Arabia Political Context Most parts of Arabia become part of the new Saudi State. In 1803, The two holy cities of Mecca (Makkah) and Medina (Madinah), along with the rest of the Hijaz region, join the Saudi State. -
BATTLE-SCARRED and DIRTY: US ARMY TACTICAL LEADERSHIP in the MEDITERRANEAN THEATER, 1942-1943 DISSERTATION Presented in Partial
BATTLE-SCARRED AND DIRTY: US ARMY TACTICAL LEADERSHIP IN THE MEDITERRANEAN THEATER, 1942-1943 DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Steven Thomas Barry Graduate Program in History The Ohio State University 2011 Dissertation Committee: Dr. Allan R. Millett, Adviser Dr. John F. Guilmartin Dr. John L. Brooke Copyright by Steven T. Barry 2011 Abstract Throughout the North African and Sicilian campaigns of World War II, the battalion leadership exercised by United States regular army officers provided the essential component that contributed to battlefield success and combat effectiveness despite deficiencies in equipment, organization, mobilization, and inadequate operational leadership. Essentially, without the regular army battalion leaders, US units could not have functioned tactically early in the war. For both Operations TORCH and HUSKY, the US Army did not possess the leadership or staffs at the corps level to consistently coordinate combined arms maneuver with air and sea power. The battalion leadership brought discipline, maturity, experience, and the ability to translate common operational guidance into tactical reality. Many US officers shared the same ―Old Army‖ skill sets in their early career. Across the Army in the 1930s, these officers developed familiarity with the systems and doctrine that would prove crucial in the combined arms operations of the Second World War. The battalion tactical leadership overcame lackluster operational and strategic guidance and other significant handicaps to execute the first Mediterranean Theater of Operations campaigns. Three sets of factors shaped this pivotal group of men. First, all of these officers were shaped by pre-war experiences.