From Code-Switching Via Language Mixing to Fused Lects: Toward a Dynamic Typology of Bilingual Speech
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Texas Alsatian
2017 Texas Alsatian Karen A. Roesch, Ph.D. Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis Indianapolis, Indiana, USA IUPUI ScholarWorks This is the author’s manuscript: This is a draft of a chapter that has been accepted for publication by Oxford University Press in the forthcoming book Varieties of German Worldwide edited by Hans Boas, Anna Deumert, Mark L. Louden, & Péter Maitz (with Hyoun-A Joo, B. Richard Page, Lara Schwarz, & Nora Hellmold Vosburg) due for publication in 2016. https://scholarworks.iupui.edu Texas Alsatian, Medina County, Texas 1 Introduction: Historical background The Alsatian dialect was transported to Texas in the early 1800s, when entrepreneur Henri Castro recruited colonists from the French Alsace to comply with the Republic of Texas’ stipulations for populating one of his land grants located just west of San Antonio. Castro’s colonization efforts succeeded in bringing 2,134 German-speaking colonists from 1843 – 1847 (Jordan 2004: 45-7; Weaver 1985:109) to his land grants in Texas, which resulted in the establishment of four colonies: Castroville (1844); Quihi (1845); Vandenburg (1846); D’Hanis (1847). Castroville was the first and most successful settlement and serves as the focus of this chapter, as it constitutes the largest concentration of Alsatian speakers. This chapter provides both a descriptive account of the ancestral language, Alsatian, and more specifically as spoken today, as well as a discussion of sociolinguistic and linguistic processes (e.g., use, shift, variation, regularization, etc.) observed and documented since 2007. The casual observer might conclude that the colonists Castro brought to Texas were not German-speaking at all, but French. -
The High German of Russian Mennonites in Ontario by Nikolai
The High German of Russian Mennonites in Ontario by Nikolai Penner A thesis presented to the University of Waterloo in fulfillment of the thesis requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in German Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, 2009 © Nikolai Penner 2009 Author’s Declaration I hereby declare that I am the sole author of this thesis. This is a true copy of the thesis, including any required final revisions, as accepted by examiners. I understand that my thesis may be made electronically available to the public. ii Abstract The main focus of this study is the High German language spoken by Russian Mennonites, one of the many groups of German-speaking immigrants in Canada. Although the primary language of most Russian Mennonites is a Low German variety called Plautdietsch, High German has been widely used in Russian Mennonite communities since the end of the eighteenth century and is perceived as one of their mother tongues. The primary objectives of the study are to investigate: 1) when, with whom, and for what purposes the major languages of Russian Mennonites were used by the members of the second and third migration waves (mid 1920s and 1940-50s respectively) and how the situation has changed today; 2) if there are any differences in spoken High German between representatives of the two groups and what these differences can be attributed to; 3) to what extent the High German of the subjects corresponds to the Standard High German. The primary thesis of this project is that different historical events as well as different social and political conditions witnessed by members of these groups both in Russia (e.g. -
History of the German Element in Texas from 1820-1850, And
PD Commons PD Books PD Commons MORITZ TILING HISTORY OF The German Element in Texas FROM 1820- 1850 AND HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF THE GERMAN TEXAS SINGERS' LEAGUE AND HOUSTON TURNVEREIN FROM 1853-1913 BY MORITZ TILING Instructor in History, Houston Academy FIRST EDITION Published by Moritz Thing, Houston, Texas Nineteen Hundred and Thirteen PD Books PD Commons COPYRIGHT BY M. TILING 1913 PREFACE. This plain, unpretending monograph has been written for the purpose of preserving to posterity the records of German achievements in the colonization and upbuilding of the great state of Texas. The pioneer's humble life and courageous struggles are very often left unnoticed by the historian, yet, v/ithout his brave and patient labors none of the great commonwealths of the United States would exist. The early pioneer, whose brawny arm wielded the axe, who cleared the forest and broke the virgin soil, is as much a maker of a country, as the statesman, the diplom- atist and the soldier of today. His faithful work and often hazardous task are well worth remembering. The different Texas histories used in the public schools unfortunately are lamentably deficient with respect to the important part the Germans have taken in the coloniza- tion and shaping of Texas. Some of them, which are used extensively in the schools of the State, do not make any mention at all of the German immigration and its bearing on the rapid development— of Texas, while others at least state briefly that "Texas is indebted to her German till- ers of the soil for developments of great value, and which to Americans had been considered of impossible produc- tion in this climate." (Brown's School History of Texas, p. -
The American Tradition of Language Rights: the Forgotten Right to Government in a Known Tongue Jose Roberto Juarez Jr
Law & Inequality: A Journal of Theory and Practice Volume 13 | Issue 2 Article 6 1995 The American Tradition of Language Rights: The Forgotten Right to Government in a Known Tongue Jose Roberto Juarez Jr. Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.law.umn.edu/lawineq Recommended Citation Jose R. Juarez Jr., The American Tradition of Language Rights: The Forgotten Right to Government in a Known Tongue, 13 Law & Ineq. 443 (1995). Available at: http://scholarship.law.umn.edu/lawineq/vol13/iss2/6 Law & Inequality: A Journal of Theory and Practice is published by the University of Minnesota Libraries Publishing. The American Tradition of Language Rights: The Forgotten Right to Government in a "Known Tongue" Jos6 Roberto Judrez, Jr.* Table of Contents I. THE ENGLISH ONLY MOVEMENT ....................... 448 A. The Mixed Record of Challenges Under Federal Law to English Only Laws and Practices ......... 451 B. The New Federalism & Language Rights: Unexplored Law .................................. 452 C. The Texas Constitution as an Appropriate Starting Point for the Examination of Language Rights Under State Constitutions ........................ 453 II. INTERPRETING THE TEXAS CONSTITUTION .............. 460 A. The Use of HistoricalArgument in Constitutional Interpretation .................................... 460 B. The Use of HistoricalArgument to Interpret the Texas Constitution ............................... 464 C. The Relevance of the History of Prior Texas Constitutions in Interpreting the Current Constitution ...................................... 468 D. The Use of Historical Legislative Practice to Interpret the Texas Constitution .................. 469 III. GOVERNMENT AND LANGUAGE IN SPANISH TEXAS ....... 470 IV. GOVERNMENT AND LANGUAGE IN MEXICAN TEXAS ...... 472 A. The First Contacts with Moses Austin: Multilingualism in Texas Government Begins ..... 472 B. The Efforts of a Small Minority of Anglo-American Immigrants to Learn Spanish ................... -
Texas Historical Commission German Heritage Tour January 10, 2018
Texas Historical Commission German Heritage Tour January 10, 2018 Saengerfest (statewide singing contest), Austin 1889 Texas Historical Commission German Heritage Walking Tour Capitol Complex and Shoal Creek area Start – Carrington-Covert House 1. St. Martin’s site 4. Bickler School site 2. Old General Land Office 5. Hoffheinz-Reissig 3. German Free School 6. Weigl Iron Works Route measures approximately 1.6 miles. 2 Stop 1: Gone from Austin: Lost German Heritage sites Deutsche Evangelische Lutheranische St. Martin’s Kirche, 13th and 14th street locations (now north Capitol grounds) In 1958, St. Martin’s received news from the Texas Legislature that the church would be forced to move from its location on 14th Street and Congress Avenue due to the proposed Capitol complex expansion. 3 Stop 2: Old General Land Office Building, East 11th and Brazos This three-story Norman-style building, constructed in 1856, was designed by German architect C. Conrad Stremme, who was educated in Berlin and was a member of the Royal Hannoverian Commission on Public Buildings. Stremme taught architecture at the University of Dorpat in Tartu, Russia, published a book on architecture in 1842, and received the title of nobleman from Czar Nicholas I. Stremme also designed the 1857 main building of the Austin State Hospital (still standing). William Sydney Porter (O. Henry) worked as a draftsman in the General Land Office. The building was used as the opening and setting for one of his short stories, "Bexar Scrip No. 2692": Whenever you visit Austin you should by all means go to see the General Land Office. -
The German Element in Texas: an Overview
THE GERMAN ELEMENT IN TEXAS: AN OVERVIEW by Terry G. Jordan The immigration of German-speaking people to Texas is a well-known part of the state's ethnic development. Historians, cultural geographers, linguists, and folklorists all have done research on the Texas Germans and they have published hundreds of articles, books, and pamphlets.' The main purpose of this essay is not to present new findings, but instead to provide an introduction for the volume by sketching an overview of the German settlement. Persons of German birth or descent form the largest ethnic group in Texas derived directly from Europe. As early as 1850, they constituted over five percent of the total Texas population, a proportion that remained fairly constant through the remainder of the nineteenth century (table 1, next page). Intermarriage has since blurred ethnic lines, and twentieth-century census data are of little help in estimating the size of the German-American group, but the German element in the state probably still accounts for about one of every twenty Texans. From the very beginnings of German immigration in the 1830s, a tendency to cluster in ethnic enclaves can be detected. Most Texas Germans live in a broad, fragmented belt across the south-central part of the state, stretching from Galveston and Houston on the east to Kerrville, Mason, and Hondo in the west; from the fertile, humid Gulf Coastal Plain to the semi-arid Hill Country (figure 1). Contained in this German Belt are the majority ofTeutonic settlements in the state, including both rural and urban concentrations. The German Belt is the product of concepts and processes well-known to students of migration, in particular the concept of "dominant personality," the process called "cluster migration," and the device of "emigrant letters." Most voluntary migrations are begun by a dominant personaIity, sometimes also referred to as a "true pioneer." This individual is a forceful, ambitious type, a natural leader, who perceives emigration as a solution to economic, social, political, or religious problems in his homeland. -
The Texas German Times
Newsletter of the Texas German Dialect Project (TGDP) The Texas German Times DECEMBER 2019 ISSUE 12 Premiere of All Güt Things: The Texas German Story ElderHall Texas Inde- TGDP Milestones pendent Film Festival in 2018– 2019 Blanco, and Best Local Film at the Billy the Kid The TGDP has inter- Film Festival in Hico, viewed 68 new speakers Texas. The film has also since December 2018. been submitted to TGDP members presented SXSW in Austin. outreach talks at the LBJ Due to its success, the State Park and Historic Site team behind All Güt in Stonewall, the Annual Things has decided to Convention of the Texas All Güt Things: The Texas screenings in Arlington, continue to develop the German Society in March German Story started in Houston, Dallas, Austin, film into a feature length 2019 and the 2019 Annual 2014 as a five-minute and Stonewall. It premi- version. As part of their conference of the German- short film by Chase Ho- ered at the Hill Country efforts to raise funds to Texas Heritage Society in naker. Since then, Ho- Film Festival in Freder- help accomplish this, Temple (September 2019). naker and his team have icksburg in April and the All Güt Things team TGDP members presented expanded the film into a played at the Rockport has made their merchan- academic talks at work- 35 minute documentary Film Festival in October dise available on Etsy shops and conferences in film about German im- and at the University of (store: WorkshedCrea- Bloomington (IN), Madi- migration to Texas, the Würzburg (Germany) in tive). -
Fredericksburg Tx Indian Treaty
Fredericksburg Tx Indian Treaty Tasimetric Michel rearises some bijou and skreighs his loners so worldly! Salvatore remains hedonistic after Blayne restating confessedly or oversewing any chasing. Multiseriate and arduous Guillermo dictating some aquaphobia so nobbut! Guests to either the link to distinguish you got any questions and alaska natives from, bring lots of suspicious faces painted, newly exposed to The sign up some societies depended heavily on his fredericksburg tx indian treaty was. Only use by joseph brant rejected this section had one village on rice together, fredericksburg tx indian treaty! Trustees in Southampton County. Indian ways by bounty to the St. Kickapoo camp and corrals, possibly in Mexico. Many challenges began with copyright owner requires your article online or items used almost half, fredericksburg tx indian treaty has been an emphasis on napanee bay. More complex population figures are clearer. Covered lounge key and heated pool. Because not the racial climate of the times, the Adamstown people because few rights and found had very difficult to prosper financially. Nimitz, became very well thought indeed. Meusebach gave many survivors, a small houses built with native. This sudden interest along with german immigrants had dug in fredericksburg tx indian treaty! Lipan Apache warrior, drawn ca. Kriewitz was horrified by bill he saw god the Texas coast. Master bedroom, desk book reading nook. The basic social unit output the Mohawk and public other Iroquoian peoples is the matrilineal clan. They gathered for for first time so four years. Canadian Museum of Civilization Corporation. People return the sneer of joy Stream. Why german immigrants into english communities or state university library, fredericksburg tx indian treaty which comanche. -
German- American Studies NEWSLETTER SGAS.ORG
SOCIETY FOR VOLUME 37 NO. 1 German- American Studies NEWSLETTER SGAS.ORG PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE An Excursion to the Cradle of German Texas North. It turns out there was wine involved. According to the Cat Spring chronicle, one Lorenz Mueller suggested the An invitation from the New Ulm Chamber of Commerce name to New Ulm in honor of his origins, stressing his point provided the occasion for a pleasant drive last weekend “by treating those present at the discussion to a case of to the area where Germans first gained a foothold in Texas, Rhine wine.” In some ways Cat Spring, a dozen miles east even before the Lone Star Republic was established. Heading of New Ulm, rivals Industry as the cradle of German Texas. Its west out of my college town, you soon cross the Brazos River Landwirtschaftlicher Verein, the oldest agricultural society in and then turn south, traversing the bottomlands and cotton Texas, kept its minutes in German all the way down to 1942, fields that still bear traces of plantation society. Then on past and is still thriving as it approaches its 160th anniversary. the Baptist Church that Sam Houston attended and a side Nearby Millheim once claimed six holders of German road to the creek where he was baptized. From there on, doctorates; at the Verein, these Latin farmers discussed you’re in a different cultural landscape. Even with names with peasant farmers the most effective techniques of Texas like William Penn, or Sandy Hill, and Prairie Hill, the Lutheran agriculture, and also engaged in a bit of conviviality. -
German Abroad
1 Sonderdruck aus 2 3 4 5 6 7 Alexandra N. Lenz (Hg.) 8 9 10 German Abroad 11 12 13 14 Perspektiven der Variationslinguistik, 15 Sprachkontakt- und Mehrsprachigkeitsforschung 16 17 18 19 20 Mit 8 Abbildungen 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 & 34 V R unipress 35 36 Vienna University Press 37 38 39 ISSN 2365-7731 ISBN 978-3-8471-0597-8 40 ISBN 978-3-8470-0597-1 (E-Book) 41 ISBN 978-3-7370-0597-5 (V&R eLibrary) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 Inhalt Alexandra N. Lenz German Abroad – Ein Forschungsfeld und seine Perspektiven ....... 7 Hans. C. Boas Variation im Texasdeutschen: Implikationen für eine vergleichende Sprachinselforschung . ............................ 11 Nicole Eller-Wildfeuer Bairischsprachige Siedlungen in den USA und in Brasilien – Aktuelle Lage, Sprechertypologie und mehrsprachige Konstellationen ....... 45 Alfred Wildfeuer Komplexität und Simplifizierungen im Sprachkontakt am Beispiel bairischer Siedlungen in Neuseeland und in den USA ........... 61 Karen Pupp Spinassé Das brasilianische Hunsrückische: Soziolinguistische Aspekte einer durch Sprachkontakt geprägten Minderheitensprache ............... 81 Cléo V. Altenhofen Standard und Substandard bei den Hunsrückern in Brasilien: Variation und Dachsprachenwechsel des Deutschen im Kontakt mit dem Portugiesischen ................................103 Joachim Steffen Einblicke in einen Sprachwechsel in Zeitlupe: Phasen des deutsch-portugiesischen Sprachkontakts in Südbrasilien in Briefen aus zwei Jahrhunderten . ............................131 6 Inhalt Martina Steffen Portugiesisch im Munde der deutschen Einwanderer in Brasilien: Phonetische Variation und Erwerb der Kontaktsprache durch Sprecher des Hunsrückischen am Beispiel des /r/ ...................159 Gertjan Postma Der Verlust des Infinitivpräfixes tau ›zu‹ im Brasilianischen Pommersch – Akkomodation an das Portugiesische oder Dialektkonvergenz? . -
The Visits of the German War Cruiser Karlsruhe
East Texas Historical Journal Volume 53 Issue 1 Article 3 3-10-2015 Gone to Texas--Twice! The Visits of the German War Cruiser Karlsruhe Simone De Ramos Santiago North Central Texas College Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/ethj Part of the United States History Commons Tell us how this article helped you. Recommended Citation De Ramos Santiago, Simone (2015) "Gone to Texas--Twice! The Visits of the German War Cruiser Karlsruhe," East Texas Historical Journal: Vol. 53 : Iss. 1 , Article 3. Available at: https://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/ethj/vol53/iss1/3 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the History at SFA ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in East Texas Historical Journal by an authorized editor of SFA ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Gone To Texas – Twice! The Visits of the German War Cruiser Karlsruhe By Simone Santiago Ramos The use of ships for training cruises is a German tradition that goes back to the Prussian corvette Amazone in the mid-1850s which visited ports along the North Sea. 1 After the unification of Germany in 1871, the Imperial German Navy continued the practice. By the late nineteenth century, Germany possessed a colonial empire scattered around the globe, and “showing the flag” was essential. These cruises not only strengthened the ties between the emigrants and the homeland, but also helped improve relationships with the visited countries. During the Great War the training ceased, and it took several years for the new German government, the Weimar Republic, to restart them. -
Organized German Settlement and Its Effects on the Frontier of South-Central Texas
Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 1968 Organized German Settlement and Its Effects on the Frontier of South-Central Texas. Hubert G. h Wilhelm Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Recommended Citation Wilhelm, Hubert G. h, "Organized German Settlement and Its Effects on the Frontier of South-Central Texas." (1968). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 1523. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/1523 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. This dissertation has been microfilmed exactly as received 69-4506 WILHELM, Hubert G. H., 1931- ORGANIZED GERMAN SETTLEMENT AND ITS EFFECTS ON THE FRONTIER OF SOUTH— CENTRAL TEXAS. Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, Ph.D., 1968 Geography University Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan ORGANIZED GERMAN SETTLEMENT AND ITS EFFECTS ON THE FRONTIER OF SOUTH-CENTRAL TEXAS A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of Geography and Anthropology by Hubert G. H. Wilhelm B.S., M.A., University of Illinois, 1958, 1960 August, 1968 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The writer wishes to extend his appreciation and gratitude to all the people who helped in the completion of this dissertation.