2020th CenturyCentury Problems,Problems, 2121st CenturyCentury Solutions:Solutions: GroundwaterGroundwater inin thethe northnorth--westwest ofof EnglandEngland
PhilPhil MerrinMerrin GroundwaterGroundwater ManagerManager WaterWater AssetAsset ManagementManagement andand RegulationRegulation UnitedUnited UtilitiesUtilities Presentation Objectives
UU supply system
Groundwater issues in the NW – 20th Century problems
dWRMP - Supply/demand; an uncertain future?
Back to the future… – 21st Century solutions UU supply system
7 million people, 2.9 million households, 0.2 million businesses 1900 ML/d (average) into supply, 4 resource zones
UU supply system
7 million people, 2.9 million households, 0.2 million businesses 1900 ML/d average into supply, 4 resource zones 2000 km of aqueducts/large diameter trunk mains £4.5 billion on drinking water improvements since privatisation
Regional Carlisle Resources Resource Zone
Carlisle
North Eden Resource Zone West Cumbria Workington Resource Zone Penrith
Whitehaven
Barrow Morecambe Bay Lancaster
Blackpool Burnley Preston Blackburn
Southport Rochdale Wigan Bolton Oldham
Manchester
Birkenhead Liverpool Warrington Stockport
Integrated Resource Zone
Macclesfield
Crewe
Oswestry Groundwater ResourcesWelcome to the NW of England Eden West Valley Cumbria
Pennine Fylde sources LCUS
Wirral 15% of total Cheshire, Merseyside supply What does groundwater abstraction look like?
Over 150 licensed sources Important input to UU’s supply especially in IRZ Peak Demands Low risk – geology, high S, high T Apart from…. Water quality AMP3 – process solutions – “lets treat it” – financial issues AMP4 – do we have to treat? More NO3
Eden Valley, Cumbria Eden Valley – conceptual model Eden Valley - Simplified radial flow model ‘scavenger’ type multiwell system
Track Only Track Only Track Only 2000, 0 1500, 500 1000, 1000 250 250 250
200 200 200
150 150 150 Z Z Z 100 100 100
50 50 50
0 0 0 -50 0 50 100 150 200 250 -50 0 50 100 150 200 250 -50 0 50 100 150 200 250 X X X
Track Only Track Only 500, 1500 0, 2000 250 250
200 200
150 150 Z Z 100 100
50 50
0 0 -50 0 50 100 150 200 250 -50 0 50 100 150 200 250 X X Long record of abstraction
Why? Integration…? Carlisle Resource Zone
Carlisle
North Eden Resource Zone West Cumbria Workington Resource Zone Large transfer Penrith Whitehaven systems 70% of customers
Barrow Morecambe receive water via Bay LDTM Lancaster
Blackpool Burnley Preston Blackburn
Southport Rochdale Wigan Bolton Oldham
Manchester
Birkenhead Liverpool Warrington Stockport
Integrated Resource Zone
Macclesfield
Crewe
Oswestry A finite resource…?
1980 18691967
UU dWRMP aims
Water supply/demand forecasts over the period to 2035
To identify the best possible water resources and demand strategy To adapt to meet the challenge of climate change To ensure that abstraction from our water resources is sustainable To ensure our plans deliver the needs and priorities of our customers and other stakeholders Key Challenges for dWRMP
Water Availability
Source Yield: 2024 ML/d (2007/08) to 1947 ML/d (2034/35)
Sustainability reductions (HD, RSA): –46 ML/d at 2014/15
Huge range in predictions (+130 to -516 ML/d)
Central estimate predicts -31ML/d by 2034/35
Total: 77 ML/d Key Challenges for dWRMP
Env. Cust. Supply/demand balance
Demand Metering, water efficiency, non-household
Leakage
Water source yield > dry weather demand
Why do anything?
Uncertainty (aka headroom) - what we can’t predict (national approach)
>200 ML/d by 2034/35
-41 ML/d (2014/15); -97 ML/d (2019/20) - IRZ
-89 ML/d (2024/25); -52 ML/d (2034/35) - IRZ Free water efficient showerheads (1.89 Ml/d) Pressure Reduction Stage 1 (1.00 Ml/d) 3.7 AISC for the Domestic self audits (1.65 Ml/d) 12.3 Community audits (0.52 Ml/d) 17.4 Integrated Widnes Groundwater (19.00 Ml/d) 17.5 Southport Groundwater (22.50 Ml/d) 19.7 Pressure Reduction Stage 2 (0.50 Ml/d) 20.4 Resource Leakage Detection Stage 1 (10.00 Ml/d) 21.4 Huntington WTW Upgrade (35.00 Ml/d) 23.7 Zone Leakage Detection Stage 2 (10.00 Ml/d) 26.6 Warrington Groundwater (7.00 Ml/d) 27.2 Oldham Groundwater (2.50 Ml/d) 31.2 Ribble Valley Groundwater (3.10 Ml/d) 33.5 Groundwater >50 ML/d “new Leakage Detection Stage 3 (10.00 Ml/d) 33.6 Raise Haweswater IR dam (22.40 Ml/d) 34.5 water” Raise Stocks IR dam (23.00 Ml/d) 38.2 Leakage Detection Stage 4 (10.00 Ml/d) 43.0 Leakage reduction (24 ML/d) Mid-Cheshire Groundwater (5.00 Ml/d) 47.8 Mains Replacement Stage 1 (1.00 Ml/d) 53.3 Domestic ‘visit and fix’ home audits (1.40 Ml/d) 55.5 Water efficiency (5 ML/d) Leakage Detection Stage 5 (10.00 Ml/d) 56.2 Manchester Ship Canal (10.00 Ml/d) 65.1 Metering (8% reduction) Retrofit dual flush toilets (0.86 Ml/d) 72.3 New reservoir at Borrowbeck (80.00 Ml/d) 77.8 Mains Replacement Stage 2 (1.00 Ml/d) 83.1 Can groundwater River Ribble Abstraction (17.00 Ml/d) 93.3 Mains Replacement Stage 3 (1.00 Ml/d) 112.6 meet this challenge? Raw Water Transfer from Kielder Water (50.00 Ml/d) 115.2 Meter on change of occupancy (4.07 Ml/d) 122.3 Meter high water users (1.25 Ml/d) 123.6 Pressure Reduction Stage 3 (0.30 Ml/d) 127.0 Desalination from Mersey Estuary (20.00 Ml/d) 138.0 Meter non-households (0.88 Ml/d) 253.1 Subsidised water butts (0.46 Ml/d) 288.9 Rainwater harvesting retrofit (0.10 Ml/d)
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 AISC (p/m3 Is there enough water available?
1992 Is there enough water available?
1997 Is there enough water available?
2007 Certainty in yields?
2000’s
1970’s Climate change effects?
Carlisle Resource Zone
Carlisle North Eden New sources in Resource Zone West Cumbria Workington Resource Zone AMP4 Penrith
Whitehaven New GW sources in (AMP5/AMP6)
Barrow Morecambe Bay Lancaster
Blackpool Burnley Preston Blackburn
Southport Rochdale Wigan Bolton Oldham
Manchester
Birkenhead Liverpool Warrington Stockport
Integrated Rationalisation and Resource Zone development Macclesfield Crewe? AMP5/AMP6
Oswestry Back to the Future?...Implementing the WRMP
Detailed appraisal of options Combined strategy – demand reduction + enhancements Magnitude of climate change scenarios Robust and reliable long-term solutions Groundwater development – historical legacies – GWQ WFD – uncertainty? Water resources management Sustainability, sustainability, sustainability!
Thank you for listening!