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Report No.10 China Automotive Sector

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Report No.10 China Automotive Sector FUND FOR RESEARCH INTO INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT, GROWTH AND EQUITY (FRIDGE) NEDLAC STUDY TO PREPARE VARIOUS SOUTH AFRICAN MANUFACTURING SECTORS FOR EFFECTIVE NEGOTIATIONS FOR THE PROPOSED SACU/CHINA AND SACU/INDIA TRADE NEGOTIATIONS REPORT NO 10 CHINA AUTOMOTIVE SECTOR April 2006 Report by the Consortium: Consult 101 Emerging Market Focus (Pty) Ltd Danie Jordaan CC Ozone Business Consulting (Pty) Ltd Tswelopele Associates PARTS OF THE CONTENTS OF THIS REPORT ARE SENSITIVE WITH REGARD TO THE ENVISAGED TRADE NEGOTIATIONS AND ARE TO BE DEALT WITH AS CONFIDENTIAL BY THE COUNTER PART GROUP AND THE CONSULTANTS 1 ABBREVIATIONS ACFTU All-China Federation of Trade Unions AIL Automatic Import License AQSIQ General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine CAAM China's Association of Automobile Manufacturers CBU Completely built up vehicle CCC China Compulsory Certification CCP Chinese Communist Party CIF Cost, insurance and freight CKD Completely knocked down CQC China Quality Certification Centre DC Daimler Chrysler EPZ Export Processing Zone EU European Union FDI Foreign Direct Investment FICE Foreign Investment Commercial Enterprise FIE Foreign Investment Enterprises FOB Free –on-board FRIDGE Fund for Research Into Industrial Development, Growth and Equity FTA Free Trade Agreement GDP Gross Domestic Product GM General Motors GNP Gross National Product GVW Gross Vehicle Weight HS Harmonised (tariff) System IDZ Industrial Development Zone IPR Intellectual Property Rights JV Joint Venture MES Market Economy Status MFN Most Favoured Nation MIDP Motor Industry Development Programme MOFCOM Chinese Ministry of Commerce 2 MUV Multi Utility Vehicle NBS National Bureau of Statistics NDRC National Development and Reform Commission NEDLAC National Economic Development and Labour Council NTB Non-tariff barrier NTM Non-tariff measure OE Original equipment OEC Original equipment components OEM Original Equipment Manufacturer p.a. per annum PAA Productive Asset Allowance PTA Preferential Trade Agreement QR Quantitative restriction RCA Revealed comparative advantage R&D Research and Development RMB Renminbi (US$ 1 = ± RMB 8) RSA Republic of South Africa SACU Southern African Customs Union SAIC State Administration for Industry and Commerce SARS South African Revenue Service SASAC State-owned Asset Supervision Administration Commission SEZ Special Economic Zone SKD Semi knocked down SME Small and Medium Enterprise SOE State Owned Enterprise SUV Sports Utility Vehicle the dti Department of Trade and Industry (of South Africa) TRIMs Trade Related Investment Measures TRIPS Trade Related Aspects on Intellectual Property Rights UN United Nations US United States USD / US$ United States Dollar 3 VAT Value Added Tax VW Volkswagen WP Working Party WTO World Trade Organisation 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...................................................................................10 1 BACKGROUND ............................................................................................30 2 SECTOR DEVELOPMENT POLICIES ..........................................................40 2.1 Introduction ...............................................................................................40 2.2 Strategy/development plan........................................................................41 2.3 Implementation/Incentives/Instruments .....................................................43 2.4 Trade discriminatory incentives .................................................................51 2.5 South African Automotive Industry Policy ..................................................52 2.6 Considerations ..........................................................................................54 3 OVERVIEW OF MARKETS...........................................................................59 3.1 Introduction ...............................................................................................59 3.2 Structure, size, products, labels/brands.....................................................59 3.3 Growth ......................................................................................................60 3.4 Present and expected consumption patterns.............................................61 3.5 Distribution ................................................................................................62 3.6 South African market.................................................................................63 3.7 Considerations ..........................................................................................63 4 FEATURES OF THE INDUSTRY ..................................................................65 4.1 Production, no of producers, capacity .......................................................65 4.2 Focus of the industry and types of products ..............................................68 4.3 Performance (expansion/decline), outlook.................................................70 4.4 Employment ..............................................................................................72 4.5 Productivity ...............................................................................................73 4.6 Wages.......................................................................................................73 4.6.1 Wages and Competitiveness................................................................73 4.6.2 Trade Union .........................................................................................76 4.7 Cost structure............................................................................................76 4.8 Presence of multi-nationals .......................................................................77 5 4.9 Import and export structure (product groups).............................................78 4.10 Importance to the economy.......................................................................80 4.10.1 Value added.........................................................................................80 4.10.2 Capital stock ........................................................................................81 4.10.3 Employment.........................................................................................82 4.10.4 Labour remuneration............................................................................83 4.10.5 Meeting Demand..................................................................................84 4.11 Considerations ..........................................................................................85 5 PROTECTION AND ASSOCIATED ASPECTS .............................................89 5.1 Tariffs........................................................................................................89 5.1.1 Bindings and bound rates.....................................................................89 5.1.1.1 South Africa......................................................................................90 5.1.1.2 China................................................................................................90 5.1.2 Applied tariffs .......................................................................................91 5.1.2.1 South Africa......................................................................................91 5.1.2.2 China................................................................................................91 5.1.3 Comparison..........................................................................................92 5.2 Tariffs ex other agreements better than 5.1.............................................102 NON-TARIFF BARRIERS ................................................................................102 5.3 Import quotas ..........................................................................................103 5.4 Distribution and Trading ..........................................................................103 5.4.1 The new FICE (Foreign Invested Commercial Enterprise) regulations103 5.4.2 Prohibited imports for processing trade..............................................105 5.4.3 Double Use/Dual function restrictions ................................................106 5.5 ‘Domestic Content’ issue.........................................................................106 5.6 Lack of Transparency..............................................................................111 5.7 Effective discrimination against high-performance vehicle imports ..........112 5.8 The 3 R’s burden on distributors (importers)............................................112 5.9 Subsidies and industrial policy ................................................................113 5.10 Support for Automotive Sector ................................................................114 5.10.1 Support for foreign invested JVs ........................................................114 5.10.2 Industrial policy indirect subsidies ......................................................115 6 5.10.3 Non-sustainable business model of producers...................................115 5.11 Automotive brand distribution and Auto-financing reforms.......................116 5.12 Additional taxes discriminatory to imports................................................117 5.13 Customs procedures ...............................................................................118 5.13.1 Distribution and Trading .....................................................................118 5.13.2 Product-specific
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