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Report Außenwirtschaft Austria China AUSSEN WIRTSCHAFT BRANCHENREPORT CHINA KRAFTFAHRZEUGE & AUTOMOTIVE PRODUKTE ENTWICKLUNG DER KRAFTFAHRZEUGINDUSTRIE CHINESISCHE AUTOPOLITIK MARKTSEGMENTE KRAFTFAHRZEUGHERSTELLER ZULIEFERCHANCEN FÜR ÖSTERREICHISCHE UNTERNEHMEN AUSSICHTEN KONTAKTE UND MESSEN AUSSENWIRTSCHAFTSCENTER SHANGHAI Juni 2015/29172 2 Unser vollständiges Angebot zum Thema Automotive (Veranstaltungen, Publikationen, Schlagzeilen etc.) finden sie unter http://wko.at/aussenwirtschaft/automotive. Eine Information des AußenwirtschaftsCenters Shanghai E [email protected] Dieser Branchenreport ist im Rahmen der Internationalisierungsoffensive go-international, einer Förderinitiative des Bundesministeriums für Wissenschaft, Forschung und Wirtschaft und der Wirtschaftskammer Österreich für WKO-Mitglieder kostenlos. Das Werk ist urheberrechtlich geschützt. Alle Rechte, insbesondere die Rechte der Verbreitung, der Vervielfältigung, der Übersetzung, des Nachdrucks und die Wiedergabe auf fotomechanischem oder ähnlichem Wege durch Fotokopie, Mikrofilm oder andere elektronische Verfahren sowie der Speicherung in Datenverarbeitungsanlagen bleiben, auch bei nur auszugsweiser Verwertung, der Wirtschaftskammer Österreich – AUSSENWIRTSCHAFT AUSTRIA vorbehalten. Die Wiedergabe mit Quellenangabe ist vorbehaltlich anders lautender Bestimmungen gestattet. Es wird darauf hingewiesen, dass alle Angaben trotz sorgfältiger Bearbeitung ohne Gewähr erfolgen und eine Haftung der Wirtschaftskammer Österreich – AUSSENWIRTSCHAFT AUSTRIA ausgeschlossen ist. Darüber hinaus ist jede gewerbliche Nutzung dieses Werkes der Wirtschaftskammer Österreich – AUSSENWIRTSCHAFT AUSTRIA vorbehalten. © AUSSENWIRTSCHAFT AUSTRIA DER WKÖ Offenlegung nach § 25 Mediengesetz i.d.g.F. Herausgeber, Medieninhaber (Verleger) und Hersteller: AUSSENWIRTSCHAFT AUSTRIA Wiedner Hauptstraße 63, Postfach 150, 1045 Wien, Redaktion: Publikationen Inand, T 05 90 900-4214, F 05 90 900-4094, E [email protected], W wko.at/aussenwirtschaft Hinweis: Im Sinne einer leichteren Lesbarkeit werden geschlechtsspezifische Bezeichnungen nur in ihrer männlichen Form angeführt. Ein Service der AUSSENWIRTSCHAFT AUSTRIA 3 1. ÜBERBLICK .....................................................................................................................................................6 2. ENTWICKLUNG DER CHINESISCHEN KRAFTFAHRZEUGINDUSTRIE ........................................................8 3. CHINESISCHE AUTOPOLITIK ....................................................................................................................... 10 3.1. Lokale Produktion ausländischer Autohersteller ...................................................................................... 10 3.2. Entwicklung von Fahrzeugen mit alternativem Antrieb ............................................................................. 11 3.3. Etablierung lokaler Eigenmarken ............................................................................................................... 12 3.4. Lokalisierung der Zulieferungen (Local Content) ....................................................................................... 12 3.5. Lokalisierung der Forschung und Entwicklung .......................................................................................... 13 3.6. Konzentration der Automobilindustrie ........................................................................................................ 13 3.7. Förderung von ausländischen Investitionen im Automotiven Bereich ...................................................... 13 3.8. Verbrauchsvorgaben .................................................................................................................................... 14 3.9. Treibstoffnormen .......................................................................................................................................... 14 3.10. Absatz fördernde und steuerliche Maßnahmen.......................................................................................... 15 3.11. Beschränkung von Kraftfahrzeugneuzulassungen .................................................................................... 15 3.12. Kraftfahrzeughandel und Vertriebsbindungen ........................................................................................... 15 3.13. Rückrufaktionen ........................................................................................................................................... 17 4. DER CHINESISCHE MARKT FÜR KRAFTFAHRZEUGE ................................................................................ 18 4.1. Personenkraftwagen .................................................................................................................................... 19 4.1.1. Marktanteile ........................................................................................................................................ 22 4.1.2. Absatzgebiete ...................................................................................................................................... 25 4.1.3. Nutzungsdauer ................................................................................................................................... 26 4.1.4. Verkaufspreise .................................................................................................................................... 26 4.1.5. Kleinstwagen (MiniCars) .................................................................................................................... 27 4.1.6. Kleinwagen (Sub-Compact Cars) ....................................................................................................... 27 4.1.7. Kompaktklasse (Compact Cars) ........................................................................................................ 28 4.1.8. Mittelklasse (Midsize Cars) ................................................................................................................ 29 4.1.9. Obere Mittelklasse (Fullsize Cars) .................................................................................................... 30 4.1.10. Luxusklasse (Luxury Cars) ................................................................................................................. 30 4.1.11. Sportwagen (Sporty Cars) .................................................................................................................. 31 4.1.12. SUV (Sport Utility Vehicles) ................................................................................................................ 32 4.1.13. MPV (Multi-Purpose Vehicles) ........................................................................................................... 33 4.1.14. Behörden- und Flottengeschäft ......................................................................................................... 34 4.1.15. Gebrauchtwagenmarkt ....................................................................................................................... 35 4.2. Leichte Nutzfahrzeuge ................................................................................................................................. 35 4.2.1. Minibusse (Mini Busses) ..................................................................................................................... 36 4.2.2. Kleinbusse (Vans-Light Busses) ........................................................................................................ 36 4.2.3. Kleinlastkraftwagen (MiniTrucks) ..................................................................................................... 37 4.2.4. Leichte Lastkraftwagen (Mini Trucks) ............................................................................................... 37 4.2.5. Pickups ................................................................................................................................................ 38 4.3. Mittlere und schwere Nutzfahrzeuge .......................................................................................................... 38 4.3.1. Schwere Lastkraftwagen (Heavy Trucks) .......................................................................................... 39 4.3.2. Mittelschwere Lastkraftwagen (Medium Trucks) ............................................................................. 40 4.3.3. Autobusse (Large & Medium Busses) ............................................................................................... 41 4.4. Fahrzeuge mit alternativem Antrieb ........................................................................................................... 42 4.4.1. Chinesische Autopolitik für Fahrzeuge mit alternativem Antrieb ................................................... 42 4.4.2. Chinesischer Markt für Fahrzeuge mit alternativem Antrieb .......................................................... 45 5. KRAFTFAHRZEUGPRODUKTION ................................................................................................................. 50 5.1. Anteile an der Produktion ............................................................................................................................ 51 5.2. Überkapazitäten ............................................................................................................................................ 53 5.3. Standorte ....................................................................................................................................................... 55 5.4. Chinesische Kraftfahrzeughersteller
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