DOCSLIB.ORG

Umma and Identity in Early Islamic Persia

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Umma and Identity in Early Islamic Persia Umma and Identity in Early Islamic Persia Mimi Hanaoka Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 2011 © 2011 Mimi Hanaoka All rights reserved ABSTRACT Umma and Identity in Early Islamic Persia Mimi Hanaoka This dissertation analyzes local and regional histories written during the 10th to 13th centuries in areas that were historically a part of the Persian Empire. These texts are written in Persian or Arabic or both. Some sources were originally in Arabic and later translated into Persian. The main Persian language local histories that I will address in this dissertation include the Tārīkh-i Sistan, Tārīkh-i Ṭabaristan, Tārīkh-i Bukhārā, Tārīkh-i Bayhaq, and Tārīkh-i Qum. This project attempts to answer how and why Persian local and regional histories assert a privileged connection with the Prophet Muḥammad. I examine the ways in which Persian local and regional histories assert legitimacy, authority, and privileged access to Muḥammad, the prophetic experience, and a blessed role in the Islamic umma. Table of Contents Table of Contents . i Acknowledgements . ii - iii Dedication . iv Apparatus . v A Note on the Transliteration . vi Chapter 1: Umma and Identity in Early Islamic Persia . 1 - 41 Chapter 2: The State of the Field . 42 - 73 Chapter 3: Dreams as Tools of Legitimation . 74 - 141 Chapter 4: Sahaba, Tabiʿun, Sayyids, and Hadith as Tools of Legitimation . 142 - 202 Chapter 5: The Sacred and the City . 203 - 252 Chapter 6: Conclusions . 253 - 266 Bibliography . 267 – 287 Appendix of cited hadith . 288 – 294 i Acknowledgements I owe a deep debt of gratitude to my family, mentors, peers, and friends. My advisor, Professor Peter Awn, deserves special thanks for his encouragement of this project and for his careful guidance of my research and writing. Professor Richard Bulliet generously shared his wisdom about Iran, local histories, and historiography, and planted the kernel of an idea that grew into this dissertation. Professor Hossein Kamaly meticulously read through a particularly troublesome chapter and offered valuable suggestions. He also patiently guided me through classical Persian literature, as did Professor Mohammad M. Khorrami at NYU. Professor George El-Hage and Professor George Saliba shepherded me through contemporary and classical Arabic, respectively. I received valuable comments and suggestions on various aspects of this dissertation at the Columbia University MENA Workshop and the annual meetings of the Middle East Studies Association and the American Academy of Religion. The diligent faculty and staff of the Center of Arabic Study Abroad at the American University in Cairo shared with me their expertise during my fellowship year there in 2005-2006, where I also benefited from the camaraderie of supportive fellow students. Though I owe much to the insights and suggestions of my mentors and peers, any defects in scholarship are mine. I bear full responsibility for this dissertation’s shortcomings. ii I am grateful to the Jacob K. Javits Fellowship Program and to the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences at Columbia University for providing financial support for my degree in the Department of Religion at Columbia University. I wish to thank Shahan Mufti for his constant and unlimited kindness, patience, and encouragement. I owe my deepest debt of gratitude to my parents, Iola and Shoichiro Hanaoka. They have supported every aspect of my life with boundless generosity and encouragement. iii Dedication For my parents iv Apparatus Dates are given according to the Hijri calendar and then the Gregorian calendar (e.g., 613/1217). When the Hijri dating is certain but the precise Gregorian equivalent unclear, I have listed the corresponding range of years in the Common Era (e.g., 613/1216-1217). For example, entries appear as “613/1217” or “7th/13th century.” Translations are mine unless otherwise indicated. Documentation for notes and bibliography follows the Chicago Manual of Style, 16th edition. The Encyclopedia of Islam, Second Edition, by Brill Online is abbreviated as EI2. v A Note on the Transliteration I include diacritical marks for words transliterated from Arabic or Persian that are in the title of a work or a quoted phrase. Place names appear without transliteration (e.g., Tabaristan, Bukhara). Therefore, the title of the work Tārīkh-i Bukhārā includes diacritical marks, as does historical personage al-Bukhari, but Bukhara as a place does not. Commonly used technical terms appear without transliteration. With the exception of Shiʿi, Shiʿism, Sunni, Sunnism, and Imam, the terms are italicized (e.g., Allah, ulama, umma, hadith, isnad, matn, muhaddith, baraka, fiqh, sahih, akhbar, khabar, shaykh, qadi, Shuʿubiya, sunna, madrasa, Mahdi, Sura, dinar). Anglicized derivatives of Arabic words also appear without transliteration (e.g., Alid, Imam, Buyids, Sahaba, Tabiʿun, Sayyids, Sufi, Sasanian, Umayyad, Abbasid, Ghurid, Saffarid, Daylami, Zaydi, Ismaʿili, Ashʿari, Qurʾan, Fatimid, Mamluk, Safavid, Hanafi, Ziyarid, Talibi, Alawi, Amir, bazaar, shah). I have included diacritical marks on less commonly used technical terms (e.g., madhḥab, maḍhahib, ṭabaqat, awqaf, ziyarat, abdal, faḍaʾil, sharif, Ṣaḥiḥayn, ʿumaraʾ, ijaza, aʿyan, miʿraj, tafsir, riwayah, rawi, daʿi, khawarij, tariqa, miḥna, mawla, awliyaʾ, mashḥad, khangah). Proper names of people and the names by which they are known are supplied with diacritical marks (e.g. Faṭima, Faṭima al-Maʿṣūma). Where I have used diacritical marks, I have followed the transliteration guide of the International Journal of Middle East Studies (IJMES). The following markers indicate the hamza and the ayn, respectively: ʾ and ʿ. vi 1 Chapter 1: Umma and Identity in Early Islamic Persia “None among my Companions dies in a land except that he will be resurrected as a leader and a light for those people on the Day of Resurrection.”1 Prophets, saints, Companions of the Prophet Muhammad, and the immortal shape-shifter Khiḍr appear in Persian and Arab local and regional histories. The mysterious Khiḍr, teacher of prophets, appears in a dream in the biographical literature. Muhammad, the Tārīkh-i Bukhārā tells us, announces that on the Judgment Day angels and martyrs will adorn the city of Bukhara in Khurasan, which will be resplendent with rubies and coral and will be the most exalted of all cities. Descendants of a Companion of the Prophet Muhammad live and teach hadith in the city of Bayhaq in Khurasan. Such historical narratives of cities and regions, from Bayhaq to Tabaristan to Bukhara, written primarily from the 10th to 13th centuries, serve to bind specific cities to pivotal moments and characters in Islamic history. This dissertation examines local and regional histories of the early Islamic world, focusing on pre-Mongol histories written in the Persian realms. These texts were written primarily during the 10th to 13th centuries in areas that were historically a part of the Persian Empire. The focus of this study, broadly construed, is the politics of piety in 1 Muḥammad ibn ʻĪsá al-Tirmidhī (d. 892), Sunan al-Tirmidhi: Jamʿ jawāmiʿ al-aḥādīth wa-al-asānīd wa- makniz al-ṣiḥāḥ wa-al-sunan wa-al-masānīd, 2 vols. (Vaduz, Liechtenstein: Jamʻīyat al-Maknaz al-Islāmī, 2000), Kitab 45 al-manaqib, Bab 60, hadith 4239, p. 977. “Ma min aḥad min aṣḥabi yamutu bi-arḍ illa buʿitha qaʾidan wa nuran lahum yaum al-qiyama.” In his English translation, Abu Khalil rendered the hadith as follows: “There is no one among my Companions who dies in a land except that he shall be resurrected as a guide and light for them (people of that land) on the Day of Resurrection.” See English translation of Jāmiʿ at-Tirmidhī = Jāmiʿ al-Tirmidhī / compiled by, Abū ʿEīsā Mohammad ibn ʿEīsā at- Tirmidhī; translated by, Abu Khaliyl ; Ahādith edited and referenced by, Abu Tāhir Zubair ʿAli Zaʾi ; final review by Islamic Research Section Darussalam (Riyadh: Darussalam, 2007), Chapters on al-manaqib, Chapter 58, hadith 3865. 2 early Islamic Persia. A constellation of realities falls under the term piety, each of which is addressed in its own context. These include dream narratives about seeing Muhammad, Khiḍr, pious local characters, and abdal, which function as legitimating narratives and a form of non-biological heirship2 and investments of power (chapter 3). There are also claims of heirship or association with the Prophet vis-à-vis Sahaba, Tabiʿun, Sayyids, and their traditions; these ties imbue locations with a biological and genealogical counterpart to affirmations of authority through dreams (chapter 4). Additionally, sacred etymologies involving Muḥammad, Gabriel, Noah, Iblis, or Qurʾanic moments, and narratives about the tombs of saints and other important Muslims located in the city or region form another constellation of realities that constitutes the politics of piety (chapter 5). All these claims are imbued with deep religious resonance, and yet they diverge from what was ostensibly normative religious theory and practice of the dominant historical record. This project asks a pointed historiographical question: Why do Persian local and regional histories assert a privileged connection with the Prophet, and what are the ways in which they do this? In other words, what are the ways in which Persian local and regional histories assert legitimacy, authority, and privileged access to Muḥammad, the prophetic experience, and a blessed role in the Islamic umma? This privileged connection to the Prophet occurs in various forms: Muḥammad and other prophets visit the city in waking life or in dreams, hadith transmitters live and teach in the city as living virtues or merits (faḍaʾil) and custodians of the faith, Companions, Successors to the Companions (Sahaba and Tabiʿun), and Imams are associated with the city, and 2 I borrow the phrase “heirship to the Prophet” from the work of Michael Cooperson. For a study of different forms of heirship to the Prophet, see Michael Cooperson, Classical Arabic Biography: The Heirs of The Prophets in The Age of al-Maʾmūn (Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press, 2000), xiii 3 descendants of the Prophet live and die in the region.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Fire of 884/1479 at the Umayyad Mosque in Damascus and an Account of Its Restoration
    DORIS BEHRENS-ABOUSEIF SCHOOL OF ORIENTAL AND AFRICAN STUDIES UNIVERSITY OF LONDON The Fire of 884/1479 at the Umayyad Mosque in Damascus and an Account of Its Restoration Among the series of fires that are reported to have hit the Umayyad Mosque of Damascus during its pre-modern history, the fire of 884/1479 is so far the least known.1 The well-known sources for this period, such as the contemporary Cairene chronicles of Ibn Iya≠s and al-S˛ayraf|, do not mention it; nor does al-Sakha≠w| refer to the subsequent substantial restoration of the Umayyad Mosque in his long list of Qa≠ytba≠y's construction and renovation works.2 The Syrian historian Ibn T˛u≠lu≠n (880–953/1476–1546), whose chronicle starts in 884, the same year when the fire broke out, when he was still a child, refers only briefly to the restoration works that followed this fire.3 In his biographical dictionary of the viceroys of Damascus, however, he does not include any reference to this fire under the entry of Qa≠ns˝u≠h al-Yah˝a≠w|, the viceroy in charge at that time.4 However, a detailed description of the catastrophe and the following restoration works can be found in the chronicle H˛awa≠dith al-Zama≠n wa-Wafaya≠t al-Shuyu≠kh wa-al-Aqra≠n by the Damascene historian Ah˝mad ibn Muh˝ammad ibn ‘Umar al- Middle East Documentation Center. The University of Chicago. 1Earthquakes occurred in 132/748, 233/847, 587/1191, 702/1302, and 1173/1759, and fires in 461/1069, 552/1157, 562/1166, 570/1174, 646/1247, 740/1340, 803/1401, 884/1879, and in 1893.
    [Show full text]
  • Configurations of the Indic States System
    Comparative Civilizations Review Volume 34 Number 34 Spring 1996 Article 6 4-1-1996 Configurations of the Indic States System David Wilkinson University of California, Los Angeles Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/ccr Recommended Citation Wilkinson, David (1996) "Configurations of the Indic States System," Comparative Civilizations Review: Vol. 34 : No. 34 , Article 6. Available at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/ccr/vol34/iss34/6 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Comparative Civilizations Review by an authorized editor of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Wilkinson: Configurations of the Indic States System 63 CONFIGURATIONS OF THE INDIC STATES SYSTEM David Wilkinson In his essay "De systematibus civitatum," Martin Wight sought to clari- fy Pufendorfs concept of states-systems, and in doing so "to formulate some of the questions or propositions which a comparative study of states-systems would examine." (1977:22) "States system" is variously defined, with variation especially as to the degrees of common purpose, unity of action, and mutually recognized legitima- cy thought to be properly entailed by that concept. As cited by Wight (1977:21-23), Heeren's concept is federal, Pufendorfs confederal, Wight's own one rather of mutuality of recognized legitimate independence. Montague Bernard's minimal definition—"a group of states having relations more or less permanent with one another"—begs no questions, and is adopted in this article. Wight's essay poses a rich menu of questions for the comparative study of states systems.
    [Show full text]
  • Hadith and Its Principles in the Early Days of Islam
    HADITH AND ITS PRINCIPLES IN THE EARLY DAYS OF ISLAM A CRITICAL STUDY OF A WESTERN APPROACH FATHIDDIN BEYANOUNI DEPARTMENT OF ARABIC AND ISLAMIC STUDIES UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW Thesis submitted for the degree of Ph.D. in the Faculty of Arts at the University of Glasgow 1994. © Fathiddin Beyanouni, 1994. ProQuest Number: 11007846 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a com plete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest ProQuest 11007846 Published by ProQuest LLC(2018). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States C ode Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106- 1346 M t&e name of &Jla&, Most ©racious, Most iKlercifuI “go take to&at tfje iHessenaer aikes you, an& refrain from to&at tie pro&tfuts you. &nO fear gJtati: for aft is strict in ftunis&ment”. ©Ut. It*. 7. CONTENTS Acknowledgements ......................................................................................................4 Abbreviations................................................................................................................ 5 Key to transliteration....................................................................6 A bstract............................................................................................................................7
    [Show full text]
  • A Brief Overview on Karabakh History from Past to Today
    Volume: 8 Issue: 2 Year: 2011 A Brief Overview on Karabakh History from Past to Today Ercan Karakoç Abstract After initiation of the glasnost (openness) and perestroika (restructuring) policies in the USSR by Mikhail Gorbachev, the Soviet Union started to crumble, and old, forgotten, suppressed problems especially regarding territorial claims between Azerbaijanis and Armenians reemerged. Although Mountainous (Nagorno) Karabakh is officially part of Azerbaijan Republic, after fierce and bloody clashes between Armenians and Azerbaijanis, the entire Nagorno Karabakh region and seven additional surrounding districts of Lachin, Kelbajar, Agdam, Jabrail, Fizuli, Khubadly and Zengilan, it means over 20 per cent of Azerbaijan, were occupied by Armenians, and because of serious war situations, many Azerbaijanis living in these areas had to migrate from their homeland to Azerbaijan and they have been living under miserable conditions since the early 1990s. Keywords: Karabakh, Caucasia, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Ottoman Empire, Safavid Empire, Russia and Soviet Union Assistant Professor of Modern Turkish History, Yıldız Technical University, [email protected] 1003 Karakoç, E. (2011). A Brief Overview on Karabakh History from Past to Today. International Journal of Human Sciences [Online]. 8:2. Available: http://www.insanbilimleri.com/en Geçmişten günümüze Karabağ tarihi üzerine bir değerlendirme Ercan Karakoç Özet Mihail Gorbaçov tarafından başlatılan glasnost (açıklık) ve perestroyka (yeniden inşa) politikalarından sonra Sovyetler Birliği parçalanma sürecine girdi ve birlik coğrafyasındaki unutulmuş ve bastırılmış olan eski problemler, özellikle Azerbaycan Türkleri ve Ermeniler arasındaki sınır sorunları yeniden gün yüzüne çıktı. Bu bağlamda, hukuken Azerbaycan devletinin bir parçası olan Dağlık Karabağ bölgesi ve çevresindeki Laçin, Kelbecer, Cebrail, Agdam, Fizuli, Zengilan ve Kubatlı gibi yedi semt, yani yaklaşık olarak Azerbaycan‟ın yüzde yirmiye yakın toprağı, her iki toplum arasındaki şiddetli ve kanlı çarpışmalardan sonra Ermeniler tarafından işgal edildi.
    [Show full text]
  • Fazlallah Astarabadi and the Hurufis
    prelims.046 17/12/2004 4:58 PM Page i MAKERS of the MUSLIM WORLD Fazlallah Astarabadi and The Hurufis “Shahzad Bashir is to be commended for producing a remarkably accessible work on a complex subject; his explanations are models of lucidity and brevity.” PROFESSOR DEVIN DEWEESE, INDIANA UNIVERSITY prelims.046 14/12/2004 1:37 PM Page ii SELECTION OF TITLES IN THE MAKERS OF THE MUSLIM WORLD SERIES Series editor: Patricia Crone, Institute for Advanced Study,Princeton ‘Abd al-Malik, Chase F.Robinson Abd al-Rahman III, Maribel Fierro Abu Nuwas, Philip Kennedy Ahmad ibn Hanbal, Christopher Melchert Ahmad Riza Khan Barelwi, Usha Sanyal Al-Ma’mun, Michael Cooperson Al-Mutanabbi, Margaret Larkin Amir Khusraw, Sunil Sharma El Hajj Beshir Agha, Jane Hathaway Fazlallah Astarabadi and the Hurufis, Shazad Bashir Ibn ‘Arabi,William C. Chittick Ibn Fudi,Ahmad Dallal Ikhwan al-Safa, Godefroid de Callatay Shaykh Mufid,Tamima Bayhom-Daou For current information and details of other books in the series, please visit www.oneworld-publications.com/ subjects/makers-of-muslim-world.htm prelims.046 14/12/2004 1:37 PM Page iii MAKERS of the MUSLIM WORLD Fazlallah Astarabadi and The Hurufis SHAHZAD BASHIR prelims.046 14/12/2004 1:37 PM Page iv FAZLALLAH ASTARABADI AND THE HURUFIS Oneworld Publications (Sales and editorial) 185 Banbury Road Oxford OX2 7AR England www.oneworld-publications.com © Shahzad Bashir 2005 All rights reserved Copyright under Berne Convention A CIP record for this title is available from the British Library ISBN 1–85168–385–2 Typeset by Jayvee,
    [Show full text]
  • Mazdak Movement: "Mazdakism" by Prof. Ehsan Yarshater Prof. Ehsan
    Mazdak Movement: "Mazdakism" by Prof. Ehsan Yarshater Prof. Ehsan Yarshater is Hagop Kevorkian Professor of Iranian Studies at Columbia University. He was a long time Editor in Chief of Bongaah-e Tarjomeh va Nashr-e Ketaab, the leading research and publication institution in Iran. He is the foremost authority in Iranian studies, raging from history, language, religion, to arts. The most authoritative book of history about the Sassanid is entitled, "The Cambridge History of Iran," Volume 3, The Seleucid, Parthian and Sasanian Period," edited by Ehsan Yarshater, Parts 1 and 2, Cambridge University Press, 1983. The Chapter 27 (a) of the book is entitled "Manichaeism and its Iranian Background." The following chapter, Chapter 27(b), is entitled "Mazdakism," and is writtend by Prof. Yarshater, pages 991-1024. Prof. Yarshater begins the chapter by some general comments, then elaborates on the sources for studying the movement, then divides the movement into "the Early Stage of Mazdakism," "the Second Stage of Mazdakism," and "the Third stage of Mazdakism." He then describes the doctrine of the movement in detail, followed by the conclusion section. The following is the beginning of the "Conclusion" section (page 1018): We may then chart the course of the Mazdakite movement as follows. Sometime in the course of the 5th century, presumably during or soon after the reign of Bahram V, Zardusht Khurragaan, a mobad or possibly a chief mobad of Fasaa, began reform movement in Zoroastrian religion; he claimed to offer a correct interpretation of the Avesta. It is also possible that, claiming, to be an incarnation of an earlier leader, he only renewed and elaborated a movement begun previously by one Bundos, who had resided in Rome for a while and who had come under the influence of some gnostic religions there.
    [Show full text]
  • Middle Eastern Music and Dance Since the Nightclub Era
    W&M ScholarWorks Arts & Sciences Book Chapters Arts and Sciences 10-30-2005 Middle Eastern Music and Dance since the Nightclub Era Anne K. Rasmussen William and Mary, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/asbookchapters Part of the Ethnomusicology Commons Recommended Citation Rasmussen, A. K. (2005). Middle Eastern Music and Dance since the Nightclub Era. Anthony Shay and Barbara Sellers-Young (Ed.), Belly Dance: Orientalism, Transnationalism, And Harem Fantasy (pp. 172-206). Mazda Publishers. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/asbookchapters/102 This Book Chapter is brought to you for free and open access by the Arts and Sciences at W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Arts & Sciences Book Chapters by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. B E L L .v C)ri enta ·l•i S.:I_I_ Transnationalism & Harem Fantasy FFuncling�orthe publication ofthis v\olume w\ as pro\Iv idcd in part by a grant from ✓ Ther Iranic a Institute, Irv\i ine California and b)y TThe C A. K. Jabbari Trust Fund Mazda Publisher• s Academic Publishers P.O. Box 2603 Co st a Mesa, CCa lifornia 92626 Us .S. A . \\ ww.mazdapub.com Copyright © 2005 by Anthony Shay and Barbara Sellers-Young All rights resserved. ' No parts of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted by any form or by any means without written permission from the publisher except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles and re iews. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Belly Dance: Orientalism.
    [Show full text]
  • Islamic Law Perspective Regarding the Weretiger in the Malay Archipelago
    Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education Vol.12 No.3 (2021), 2912-2919 Research Article Islamic Law Perspective regarding the Weretiger in the Malay Archipelago Abdulrahman M.A.Albelaihi1, Mohd SyukriYeoh Abdullah2, Amani Ali Elmetwaly3 1School of Human Development and Techno-communication, University Malaysia Perlis, Perlis, Malaysia 2Institute of the Malay World and Civilization (ATMA), National University of Malaysia 3Faculty of Applied Science and Humanity, University Malaysia [email protected], [email protected],[email protected] Article History: Received: 10 November 2020; Revised: 12 January 2021; Accepted: 27 January 2021; Published online: 05 April 2021 Abstract:This article discusses the origin, traits and role of the Weretiger within the context in Malay Archipelago communities. The Weretiger is type of Jinn that existence pre-dates human and its‟ relationship with human have been establish prior to Islam. The Islamisation of the Malay Archipelago see‟s that a syncretisation of old tradition into Islam and thus the practice of Weretiger still exists until todays. The scholar (ulama) are still debating in the Islamic Law perspective not just the ties between Weretiger and human but Jinn and human as whole using references from Al-Qur‟an, Hadith and previous scholarly works. Keyword:Weretiger - Jinn - Scholar 1. Introduction TheWeretiger discipline is a type of knowledge that is taught and practice in the Malay Archipelago (Alam Melayu)1 prior to the coming of Islam. The purpose of this knowledge is to protect the practitioner, his family and wealth from any threat whether it is physically or spiritually. The practitioner of this knowledge is bound by several conditions and agreement with the Weretiger and this knowledge are still in practice generation by generation even after the Islamisation of the Malay Archipelago.
    [Show full text]
  • Irreverent Persia
    Irreverent Persia IRANIAN IRANIAN SERIES SERIES Poetry expressing criticism of social, political and cultural life is a vital integral part of IRREVERENT PERSIA Persian literary history. Its principal genres – invective, satire and burlesque – have been INVECTIVE, SATIRICAL AND BURLESQUE POETRY very popular with authors in every age. Despite the rich uninterrupted tradition, such texts FROM THE ORIGINS TO THE TIMURID PERIOD have been little studied and rarely translated. Their irreverent tones range from subtle (10TH TO 15TH CENTURIES) irony to crude direct insults, at times involving the use of outrageous and obscene terms. This anthology includes both major and minor poets from the origins of Persian poetry RICCARDO ZIPOLI (10th century) up to the age of Jâmi (15th century), traditionally considered the last great classical Persian poet. In addition to their historical and linguistic interest, many of these poems deserve to be read for their technical and aesthetic accomplishments, setting them among the masterpieces of Persian literature. Riccardo Zipoli is professor of Persian Language and Literature at Ca’ Foscari University, Venice, where he also teaches Conceiving and Producing Photography. The western cliché about Persian poetry is that it deals with roses, nightingales, wine, hyperbolic love-longing, an awareness of the transience of our existence, and a delicate appreciation of life’s fleeting pleasures. And so a great deal of it does. But there is another side to Persian verse, one that is satirical, sardonic, often obscene, one that delights in ad hominem invective and no-holds barred diatribes. Perhaps surprisingly enough for the uninitiated reader it is frequently the same poets who write both kinds of verse.
    [Show full text]
  • Dto Name Jun 2016 Jun 2016 1Regn No V Type
    DTO_NAME JUN_2016 JUN_2016_1REGN_NO V_TYPE TAX_PAID_UPTO O_NAME F_NAME ADD1 ADD2 CITY PINCODE STATUS TAX_AMOUNT PENALTY TOTAL RANCHI N N JH01BZ8715 BUS 19-08-16 KRISHNA KUMHARS/O LATE CHHOTUBARA MURIKUMHAR CHHOTASILLI MURI RANCHI SUCCESS 6414 1604 8018 RANCHI N N JH01G 4365 BUS 15-08-16 ASHISH ORAONS/O JATRU ORAONGAMARIYA SARAMPO- MURUPIRIRANCHI -PS- BURMU 000000 SUCCESS 5619 1604 7223 RANCHI N N JH01BP5656 BUS 29-06-16 SURESH BHAGATS/O KALDEV CHIRONDIBHAGAT BASTIBARIATU RANCHI SUCCESS 6414 6414 12828 RANCHI N N JH01BC8857 BUS 22-07-16 SDA HIGH SCHOOLI/C HENRY SINGHTORPA ROADKHUNTI KHUNTI , M- KHUNTI9431115173 SUCCESS 6649 3325 9974 RANCHI Y Y JH01BE4699 BUS 21-06-16 DHANESHWARS/O GANJHU MANGARSIDALU GANJHU BAHERAPIPARWAR KHELARIRANCHI , M- 9470128861 SUCCESS 5945 5945 11890 RANCHI N N JH01BF8141 BUS 19-08-16 URSULINE CONVENTI/C GIRLSDR HIGH CAMIL SCHOOL BULCKERANCHI PATH , M- RANCHI9835953187 SUCCESS 3762 941 4703 RANCHI N N JH01AX8750 BUS 15-08-16 DILIP KUMARS/O SINGH SRI NIRMALNEAR SINGH SHARDHANANDANAND NAGAR SCHOOLRANCHI KAMRE , M- RATU 9973803185SUCCESS 3318 830 4148 RANCHI Y Y JH01AZ6810 BUS 12-01-16 C C L RANCHII/C SUPDT.(M)PURCHASE COLLY MGR DEPARTMENTDARBHANGARANCHI HOUSE PH.NO- 0651-2360261SUCCESS 19242 28862 48104 RANCHI Y Y JH01AK0808 BUS 24-04-16 KAMAKHYA NARAYANS/O NAWAL SINGH KISHORECHERI KAMRE NATHKANKE SINGH RANCHI SUCCESS 4602 2504 7106 RANCHI N N JH01AE6193 BUS 04-08-16 MRS. GAYTRIW/O DEVI SRI PRADEEPKONBIR KUMARNAWATOLI GUPTA BASIAGUMLA SUCCESS 4602 2504 7106 RANCHI Y Y JH01AE0222 BUS 22-06-16 RANCHI MUNICIPALI/C CEO CORPORATIONGOVT OF JHARKHANDRANCHI RANCHI SUCCESS 2795 3019 5814 RANCHI N N JH01AE0099 BUS 06-07-16 RANCHI MUNICIPALI/C CEO CORPN.GOVT.
    [Show full text]
  • On the Modern Politicization of the Persian Poet Nezami Ganjavi
    Official Digitized Version by Victoria Arakelova; with errata fixed from the print edition ON THE MODERN POLITICIZATION OF THE PERSIAN POET NEZAMI GANJAVI YEREVAN SERIES FOR ORIENTAL STUDIES Edited by Garnik S. Asatrian Vol.1 SIAVASH LORNEJAD ALI DOOSTZADEH ON THE MODERN POLITICIZATION OF THE PERSIAN POET NEZAMI GANJAVI Caucasian Centre for Iranian Studies Yerevan 2012 Siavash Lornejad, Ali Doostzadeh On the Modern Politicization of the Persian Poet Nezami Ganjavi Guest Editor of the Volume Victoria Arakelova The monograph examines several anachronisms, misinterpretations and outright distortions related to the great Persian poet Nezami Ganjavi, that have been introduced since the USSR campaign for Nezami‖s 800th anniversary in the 1930s and 1940s. The authors of the monograph provide a critical analysis of both the arguments and terms put forward primarily by Soviet Oriental school, and those introduced in modern nationalistic writings, which misrepresent the background and cultural heritage of Nezami. Outright forgeries, including those about an alleged Turkish Divan by Nezami Ganjavi and falsified verses first published in Azerbaijan SSR, which have found their way into Persian publications, are also in the focus of the authors‖ attention. An important contribution of the book is that it highlights three rare and previously neglected historical sources with regards to the population of Arran and Azerbaijan, which provide information on the social conditions and ethnography of the urban Iranian Muslim population of the area and are indispensable for serious study of the Persian literature and Iranian culture of the period. ISBN 978-99930-69-74-4 The first print of the book was published by the Caucasian Centre for Iranian Studies in 2012.
    [Show full text]
  • S1003186 Supervisor: John Bintlif Specialization: Classical and Mediterranean A
    Name: Eleni Christidou Stylianou Student number: s1003186 Supervisor: John Bintlif Specialization: Classical and Mediterranean Archaeology (Second Specialization: Archaeology of the Near East) University of Leiden Faculty of Archaeology Leiden 2012 1 To my father 2 Table of Contents Acknowledgements.....................................................................................................................6 1. Introduction.........................................................................................................................7 2. Historical Introduction......................................................................................................10 2.1 The Byzantine Empire................................................................................................10 2.1.1 The Emerging of the Byzantine Empire. Chronology......................................10 2.1.2 General Remarks..............................................................................................13 2.2 The Arab – Islamic World..........................................................................................14 3. Arab-Byzantine Literary Exchanges..................................................................................19 3.1 Conclusion.................................................................................................................24 4. Maritime Activities, Hostilities and Reconciliation in the Mediterranean......................27 4.1 Advanced Arab-Byzantine Trade Relations at the end of the tenth
    [Show full text]