V Conferência Sobre Relações Exteriores O Brasil E As Tendências Do Cenário Internacional Ministério Das Relações Exteriores

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V Conferência Sobre Relações Exteriores O Brasil E As Tendências Do Cenário Internacional Ministério Das Relações Exteriores coleção EVENTOS V Conferência sobre Relações Exteriores O Brasil e as tendências do cenário internacional MINISTÉRIO DAS RELAÇÕES EXTERIORES Ministro de Estado Aloysio Nunes Ferreira Secretário ‑Geral Embaixador Marcos Bezerra Abbott Galvão FUNDAÇÃO ALEXANDRE DE GUSMÃO Presidente Embaixador Sérgio Eduardo Moreira Lima Instituto de Pesquisa de Relações Internacionais Diretor Embaixador Paulo Roberto de Almeida Centro de História e Documentação Diplomática Diretor Embaixador Gelson Fonseca Junior Conselho Editorial da Fundação Alexandre de Gusmão Presidente Embaixador Sérgio Eduardo Moreira Lima Membros Embaixador Ronaldo Mota Sardenberg Embaixador Jorio Dauster Magalhães Embaixador Gelson Fonseca Junior Embaixador José Estanislau do Amaral Souza Embaixador Eduardo Paes Saboia Embaixador Paulo Roberto de Almeida Ministro Luís Felipe Silvério Fortuna Professor Francisco Fernando Monteoliva Doratioto Professor Eiiti Sato A Fundação Alexandre de Gusmão, instituída em 1971, é uma fundação pública vinculada ao Ministério das Relações Exteriores e tem a finalidade de levar à sociedade civil informações sobre a realidade internacional e sobre aspectos da pauta diplomática brasileira. Sua missão é promover a sensibilização da opinião pública para os temas de relações internacionais e para a política externa brasileira. V Conferência sobre Relações Exteriores O Brasil e as tendências do cenário internacional Organizadores: Sérgio Eduardo Moreira Lima e Augusto W. M. Teixeira Júnior Brasília – 2018 Direitos de publicação reservados à Fundação Alexandre de Gusmão Ministério das Relações Exteriores Esplanada dos Ministérios, Bloco H Anexo II, Térreo 70170 ‑900 Brasília–DF Telefones: (61) 2030‑6033/6034 Fax: (61) 2030 ‑9125 Site: www.funag.gov.br E ‑mail: [email protected] Equipe Técnica: André Luiz Ventura Ferreira Eliane Miranda Paiva Fernanda Antunes Siqueira Gabriela Del Rio de Rezende Luiz Antônio Gusmão Projeto Gráfico: Daniela Barbosa Programação Visual e Diagramação: Gráfica e Editora Ideal Os artigos que compõem esta obra são de responsabilidade dos autores e não refletem necessariamente a posição do governo brasileiro. Impresso no Brasil 2018 C748 Conferência sobre Relações Exteriores (5 : 2016 : Belém) V Conferência sobre Relações Exteriores : o Brasil e as tendências do cenário internacional / Sérgio Eduardo Moreira Lima e Augusto W. M. Teixeira Júnior (organizadores). – Brasília : FUNAG, 2018. 276 p. (Coleção eventos) ISBN 978‑85‑7631‑777‑7 1. Relações internacionais ‑ congresso. 2. Política externa ‑ Brasil. 3. Política externa ‑ Brasil ‑ América Latina. 4. Segurança coletiva. 6. Paz. 6. Comércio exterior ‑ Brasil. 7. Desenvolvimento sustentável. I. Moreira Lima, Sérgio Eduardo. II. Teixeira Júnior, Augusto W. M. III. Série CDD 327.81 Depósito Legal na Fundação Biblioteca Nacional conforme Lei n° 10.994, de 14/12/2004. APRESENTAÇÃO Realizada anualmente pela Fundação Alexandre de Gusmão (FUNAG), a Conferência sobre Relações Exteriores (CORE) tem­ ­se consolidado, nos últimos anos, como fator de aproximação entre academia e diplomacia. O propósito da CORE é retomar os principais debates organizados pela FUNAG ao longo do ano e, em consonância com a missão institucional da Fundação, representar uma ponte entre o Itamaraty e as universidades, sobretudo aquelas com cursos de graduação e de pós­graduação em relações internacionais em áreas correlatas. A primeira edição da CORE foi concebida em parceria com a Universidade de Fortaleza e a segunda com a Universidade de Vila Velha, no Espírito Santo. Em 2014, a terceira edição marcou, em Brasília, o 40º aniversário do curso de Relações Internacionais da Universidade de Brasília e a colaboração do Itamaraty no processo. No ano seguinte, a IV CORE homenageou a Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, pelos 15 anos do primeiro curso de pós­ ­graduação em Relações Internacionais do país. Em 2016, quando se celebraram os 400 anos da cidade de Belém, no Pará, bem como os 45 anos da Fundação, a Conferência foi realizada em parceria com a Universidade da Amazônia (UNAMA). Essas efemérides e o local onde se realizou a Conferência refle­ tiram­‑se em sua programação e, consequentemente, neste livro que contém artigos elaborados pelos participantes da V CORE a partir das apresentações durante a Conferência. Abrangem os seguintes temas de política externa: integração, comércio e investimentos; segurança internacional e paz; e desenvolvimento e meio ambiente. Ao final, o leitor encontrará a degravação na íntegra do último painel da V CORE, “FUNAG 45 anos: A democratização do Conhecimento de Relações Internacionais”. O tema da Conferência “O Brasil e as tendências do cenário internacional” foi escolhido para promover o conhecimento e a análise da situação internacional em suas grandes linhas, bem como a compreensão das tendências predominantes e o papel, nesse contexto, da política externa brasileira. A Conferência contou com a presença de ilustres convidados, dentre os quais o paraense João Clemente Baena Soares, antigo secretário­geral das Relações Exteriores e secretário­geral da Organização dos Estados Americanos (OEA). Neste cargo, que ocupou durante dez anos, honrou, no tratamento das questões regionais, as melhores tradições da diplomacia brasileira. Além de um dos mais respeitados diplomatas de sua geração e natural de Belém, o embaixador Baena Soares foi presidente da FUNAG. Sérgio Eduardo Moreira Lima Presidente da Fundação Alexandre de Gusmão SUMÁRIO Palestra Magna – A Política Externa Brasileira 11 Sérgio Eduardo Moreira Lima Primeira parte Política Externa, Integração, Comércio e Investimentos Novos sinais para a política externa brasileira na América Latina 29 Paulo Estivallet de Mesquita Notas sobre a agenda de integração econômico‑comercial do Brasil com a América Latina 39 Michel Arslanian Neto Entre o multilateralismo, o regionalismo e o bilateralismo: notas para pensar a estratégia brasileira nas negociações de acordos preferenciais de comércio e de investimentos 53 Patrícia Nasser de Carvalho Segunda parte Política Externa, Segurança Internacional e Paz A geopolítica de uma paz violenta: desafios no Entorno Estratégico brasileiro 91 Augusto W. M. Teixeira Júnior Sete décadas de operações de manutenção da paz das Nações Unidas – contribuições brasileiras 115 Christiano Sávio Barros Figueirôa Contribuições da prevenção de Conflitos à política externa brasileira: notas e reflexões 149 Marcelo M. Valença Terceira parte Política Externa, Desenvolvimento e Meio Ambiente Desenvolvimento sustentável e povos indígenas: da conquista de direitos internacionais aos desafios da implementação 175 Denise Vitale A Amazônia, a política externa brasileira e o trabalho do diplomata 205 Paulo José Chiarelli Vicente de Azevedo Considerações finais 219 Augusto W. M. Teixeira Júnior Quarta parte FUNAG 45 Anos: A Democratização do Conhecimento de Relações Internacionais Degravação do painel 227 Sérgio Eduardo Moreira Lima , Paulo Roberto de Almeida, Gelson Fonseca Junior, Synesio Sampaio Goes Filho, Carlos Henrique Cardim, Jeronimo Moscardo, João Clemente Baena Soares Programa do Seminário 273 PALESTRA MAGNA: A POLÍTICA EXTERNA BRASILEIRA1 Sérgio Eduardo Moreira Lima Graduado em Direito pela Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ) e membro licenciado da Ordem dos Advogados do Brasil (OAB). Foi “Brazilian Student Leader” da Universidade da Califórnia em Los Angeles (UCLA). Diplomata de carreira, formado pelo Instituto Rio Branco, onde fez também os cursos de Aperfeiçoamento (CAD) e Altos Estudos (CAE). Concluiu mestrado em Direito Internacional Público na Universidade de Oslo. Serviu na Missão do Brasil nas Nações Unidas e nas 1 Palestra de abertura da V Conferência sobre Relações Exteriores, na Universidade da Amazônia (UNAMA). Belém, 9 de novembro de 2016. 11 Sérgio Eduardo Moreira Lima Embaixadas em Washington, Lisboa e Londres. Foi embaixador em Tel Aviv (cumulativo com Ramallah), Oslo e Budapeste. Dentre as funções na Secretaria de Estado, foi assessor do ministro de Estado, chefe da Divisão de Agricultura e Produtos de Base (ocasião em que foi eleito e reeleito vice­‑presidente e presidente do Conselho Governamental do Fundo Comum de Produtos de Base das Nações Unidas), secretário de Controle Interno e diretor do Instituto de Pesquisa de Relações Internacionais (IPRI). Atualmente, é presidente da Fundação Alexandre de Gusmão (FUNAG). Suas publicações incluem A Time for Change (2006), Imunidade Diplomática – Instrumento de Política Externa (2004), The Expanding Powers of the UN – Security Council and the Rule of Law in International Relations (2009), A Reflection on the Universality of Human Rights – Democracy and the Rule of Law in International Relations (2009) e Diplomacia e Academia: o IPRI como instrumento de política externa (2014). Recebeu, entre outras, a Grã­‑Cruz da Ordem de Rio Branco e comendas do Mérito da França, Noruega, Hungria, a Ordem de Cristo de Portugal e a Royal Victorian Order do Reino Unido. 12 agnífica vice­‑reitora da Universidade da Amazônia (UNAMA), senhora professora Maria Betânia Fidalgo MArroyo; embaixador Paulo Estivallet de Mesquita, subsecretário­‑geral da América Latina e do Caribe do Ministério das Relações Exteriores; embaixador Gelson Fonseca Junior, diretor do Centro de História e Documentação Diplomática; embaixador João Clemente Baena Soares; embaixador José Jeronimo Moscardo; embaixador Carlos Henrique Cardim; diretor do Centro de Ciências Humanas e Sociais, senhor professor Mário Tito Barros Almeida; coordenador do curso de Relações
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