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A Hopkins Chronology A HOPKINS CHRONOLOGY A Hopkins Chronology John McDermott flfl First published in Great Britain 1997 by m MACMILLAN PRESS LTD Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS and London Companies and representatives throughout the world A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. ISBN 0-333-66195-8 First published in the United States of America 1997 by flfl ST. MARTIN'S PRESS, INC., Scholarly and Reference Division, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010 ISBN 0-312-16167-0 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data McDermott, John, 1948- A Hopkins chronology / by John McDermott. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references (p. xxx) and index. ISBN 0-312-16167-0 (cloth) 1. Hopkins, Gerard Manley, 1844-1889—Chronology. 2. Poets, English—19th century—Chronology. 3. Jesuits—England—Chronology. I. Title. PR4803.H44Z7175 1996 821'.8—dc20 96-24546 [B] CIP © John McDermott 1997 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1P 9HE. Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The author has asserted his rights to be identified as the author of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. 10 987654321 06 05 04 03 02 01 00 99 98 97 Printed in Great Britain by Ipswich Book Company Ltd, Ipswich, Suffolk To John Clayton and Tony Hilton Contents Acknowledgemen ts viii General Editor's Preface ix List of Abbreviations xi Introduction xii A Chronology of the Poems xv An Outline Chronology xvii A Hopkins Family Tree xxii A HOPKINS CHRONOLOGY 1 A Note on the Tractarian Movement 125 A Note on the Society of Jesus 128 A Note on Hopkins and Ireland 130 The Hopkins Circle 133 Notes 144 Select Bibliography 149 Index 153 vn Acknowledgements Material from Hopkins' works in copyright is quoted by per­ mission of Oxford University Press. For permission to use material taken from the parish registers of St Aloysius', Oxford, I am in­ debted to Fr Jerome Bertram and the Fathers of the Oratory, Ox­ ford; material from the registers of St Joseph's, Leigh, is used by permission of the parish priest and by courtesy of the Lancashire Record Office. Tony Hilton alerted me to an entry in the baptismal register at St Wilfrid's, Preston. (The St Wilfrid's entry is described by John Garlington in McDermott (ed.), Hopkins' Lancashire; see Select Bibliography.) Any work of this kind must be greatly in­ debted to the researches that went into the biographies of Hopkins by Robert Bernard Martin (1991) and Norman White (1992); I gladly acknowledge that indebtedness here, and recommend those very different books to readers' notice. The same is true of Norman H. MacKenzie's work on the facsimile of the early manuscripts (1989). I am grateful also to Valerie Case, Kevin Foulkes, Catherine Dille and Kelsey Thornton; I am further indebted to Kelsey Thornton for permission to reproduce the 'Hopkins Family Tree' from his All My Eyes See (1975). The staff of Wigan Public Library (Reference Divi­ sion), especially Mrs Rita Clarke, were, as always, helpful and efficient in acquiring material for me. My thanks are due also to Norman Page, General Editor of the Chronology series, for his help­ ful comments on an early draft, and to Charmian Hearne for the friendly performance of her duties on behalf of Macmillan. How I have been helped by Anne (nempe ea formosa est) can be acknowledged only inadequately. vin General Editor's Preface Most biographies are ill adapted to serve as works of reference - not surprisingly so, since the biographer is likely to regard his function as the devising of a continuous and readable narrative, with excursions into interpretation and speculation, rather than a bald recital of facts. There are times, however, when anyone read­ ing for business or pleasure needs to check a point quickly or to obtain a rapid overview of part of an author's life or career; and at such moments turning over the pages of a biography can be a time-consuming and frustrating occupation. The present series of volumes aims at providing a means whereby the chronological facts of an author's life and career, rather than needing to be prised out of the narrative in which they are (if they appear at all) securely embedded, can be seen at a glance. Moreover, whereas biographies are often, and quite understandably, vague over matters of fact (since it makes for tediousness to be forever enumerating details of dates and places), a chronology can be precise whenever it is possible to be precise. Thanks to the survival, sometimes in very large quantities, of letters, diaries, notebooks and other documents, as well as to thoroughly researched biographies and bibliographies, this mater­ ial now exists in abundance for many major authors. In the case of, for example, Dickens, we can often ascertain what he was doing in each month and week, and almost on each day, of his prodigiously active working life; and the student of, say, David Copperfield is likely to find it fascinating as well as useful to know just when Dickens was at work on each part of that novel, what other literary enterprises he was engaged in at the same time, whom he was meeting, what places he was visiting, and what were the relevant circumstances of his personal and professional life. Such a chrono­ logy is not, of course, a substitute for a biography; but its arrange­ ment, in combination with its index, makes it a much more convenient tool for this kind of purpose; and it may be acceptable as a form of 'alternative' biography, with its own distinctive ad­ vantages as well as its obvious limitations. Since information relating to an author's early years is usually scanty and chronologically imprecise, the opening section of some volumes in this series groups together the years of childhood and IX X General Editor's Preface adolescence. Thereafter each year, and usually each month, is dealt with separately. Information not readily assignable to a specific month or day is given as a general note under the relevant year or month. The first entry for each month carries an indication of the day of the week, so that when necessary this can be readily calcu­ lated for other dates. Each volume also contains a bibliography of the principal sources of information. In the chronology itself, the sources of many of the more specific items, including quotations, are identified, in order that the reader who wishes to do so may consult the original contexts. NORMAN PAGE List of Abbreviations CD Correspondence of Gerard Manley Hopkins and Richard Watson Dixon, ed. C. C. Abbott (London, 1955) FL Further Letters of Gerard Manley Hopkins, ed. C. C. Abbott (London, 1956) JP Journals and Papers of Gerard Manley Hopkins, ed. Humphry House (London, 1959) LB Letters of Gerard Manley Hopkins to Robert Bridges, ed. C. C. Abbott (London, 1955) SD The Sermons and Devotional Writings of Gerard Manley Hopkins, ed. Christopher Devlin (London, 1959) For the symbol + which appears in some entries, please see the explanation given at the beginning of the 1866 entry. XI Introduction Uniquely among the writers represented in this series - indeed like only a handful of other major figures in all our literary history - Hopkins lived entirely out of the public gaze; so did his work, of course, almost none of it being published in his lifetime. Fortunate­ ly for our present purposes, however, he was for long periods an assiduous diarist and always a busy correspondent. Hence much of the material for a Hopkins chronology is in the published collec­ tions of his letters. A list of these is given in the Select Bibliography. As a rule, it will be quite clear that 'Tells RB [Bridges]', for example, introduces an item based on that correspondence; the same is true of the correspondence with Dixon; letters to Patmore, Baillie and members of the family are collected with miscellaneous other ma­ terial in Further Letters (cited as FL). Use has been made too of uncollected letters identified in the Bibliography, some of which were printed by Catherine Phillips in her Oxford Authors selection of Hopkins (1990). Some material is drawn from letters so far printed only in the Month for June 1958, whilst others first appeared in numbers of the Hopkins Research Bulletin (cited as HRB). After my manuscript was finished, Professor Joseph J. Feeney SJ presented in the Times Literary Supplement four previously unpublished letters; I am grateful for his permission to refer to them briefly at their appropriate dates. Letters were often written over a considerable period, even as much as twenty-seven days; they are cued here according to the date on which they were begun, with the dates of incremental additions, often several within a single letter, given in square brackets. The other main source of material is the early diaries (1862-5) and the Journal which Hopkins kept between May 1866 and February 1875. There are two problems with the early diaries. The first is that on 1 June 1866 Hopkins burned most of the 1862 diary, and only a page or so is known to exist; the scant information we have from Hopkins for this period is supplemented by, for example, the mem­ oirs of schoolfellows.
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