Housing in Late Antiquity
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HOUSING IN LATE ANTIQUITY LAVAN_f1_i-xv.indd i 10/1/2007 2:35:42 PM LATE ANTIQUE ARCHAEOLOGY Editorial Board SERIES EDITOR LUKE LAVAN COMMITTEE MEMBERS Albrecht Berger William Bowden Averil Cameron Beatrice Caseau James Crow Simon Ellis Sauro Gelichi Lale Özgenel Jean-Pierre Sodini Bryan Ward-Perkins Enrico Zanini VOLUME 3.2 – 2005 LAVAN_f1_i-xv.indd ii 10/1/2007 2:35:42 PM HOUSING IN LATE ANTIQUITY From Palaces to Shops EDITED BY LUKE LAVAN LALE ÖZGENEL and ALEXANDER SARANTIS WITH THE ASSISTANCE OF SIMON ELLIS AND YURI MARANO LEIDEN • BOSTON 2007 LAVAN_f1_i-xv.indd iii 10/1/2007 2:35:42 PM Cover illustration: Interior visualisation of the Alacami (Richard Bayliss). Brill has made all reasonable efforts to trace all rights holders to any copyrighted material used in this work. In cases where these efforts have not been successful the publisher welcomes communications from copyrights holders, so that the appropriate acknowledgements can be made in future editions, and to settle other permission matters. This book is printed on acid-free paper. ISBN 1570-6893 ISBN 978 90 04 16228 0 Copyright 2007 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Hotei Publishing, IDC Publishers, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers and VSP. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. 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Fees are subject to change. printed in the netherlands LAVAN_f1_i-xv.indd iv 10/1/2007 2:35:42 PM CONTENTS List of Figures ............................................................................. ix Acknowledgements ..................................................................... xv Late Antique Housing and the Uses of Residential Buildings: an Overview ............................................................................ 1 Simon Ellis Bibliographic Essays Housing in Late Antiquity: Thematic Perspectives ................... 25 Inge Uytterhoeven Housing in Late Antiquity: Regional Perspectives .................... 67 Inge Uytterhoeven Episcopia Domus in Qua Manebat Episcopus: Episcopal Residences in Northern Italy during Late Antiquity (4th to 6th c. A.D.) .... 97 Yuri A. Marano Architecture and Church Power in Late Antiquity: Canosa and San Giusto (Apulia) ............................................. 131 Guliano Volpe Episkopeia in Asia Minor ............................................................. 169 Burcu Ceylan LAVAN_f1_i-xv.indd v 10/1/2007 2:35:42 PM vi contents Other Thematic Studies Private Space in Late Antique Cities: Laws and Building Procedures ............................................................................... 197 Isabella Baldini Lippolis Public Use and Privacy in Late Antique Houses in Asia Minor: the Architecture of Spatial Control ........................... 239 Lale Özgenel Shedding Light on Late Roman Housing ................................. 283 Simon Ellis Regional Studies The Urban Domus in Late Antique Hispania: Examples from Emerita, Barcino and Complutum ............................... 305 Javier Arce, Alexandra Chavarría and Gisela Ripoll Late Antique Domus of Africa Proconsularis: Structural and Decorative Aspects .......................................................... 337 Francesca Ghedini and Silvia Bullo Domus and Villa: Late Antique Housing in Carthage and its Territory ............................................................................. 367 Jeremy J. Rossiter Cappadocia’s Rock-Cut Courtyard Complexes: a Case Study for Domestic Architecture in Byzantium ..................... 393 Veronica Kalas LAVAN_f1_i-xv.indd vi 10/1/2007 2:35:42 PM contents vii Recently Investigated Urban Houses A Late Roman House at Éauze (Cieutat), France ..................... 417 Simon Esmonde Cleary The Palace of Theoderic at Ravenna: a New Analysis of the Complex ........................................................................... 425 Andrea Augenti The Triconch Palace at Butrint: the Life and Death of a Late Roman Domus ............................................................... 455 William Bowden and John Mitchell The House of the Lycian Acropolis at Xanthos ....................... 475 Anne-Marie Manière-Lévêque Two Late Antique Residential Complexes at Sagalassos .......... 495 Marc Waelkens et al. The Excavation of an Umayyad Period House at Pella in Jordan ................................................................................. 515 Alan Walmsley Index ........................................................................................... 523 LAVAN_f1_i-xv.indd vii 10/1/2007 2:35:43 PM LAVAN_f1_i-xv.indd viii 10/1/2007 2:35:43 PM LIST OF FIGURES Ellis Fig. 1. Sheikh Isa Bey House Bahrain: wind tower above reception room. Fig. 2. Khojo (Gaochang); example of mudbrick building. Marano Fig. 1. Aquileia, episcopal complex built by bishop Theodorus (attested in A.D. 314) (AnTard 1996). Fig. 2. Aquileia, episcopal complex in the second half of the 4th century (Bertacchi 1980). Fig. 3. Aquileia, episcopal complex in the second half of the 5th century (Bertacchi 1980). Fig. 4. Aquileia, episcopal residence in the second half of the 5th century (Bertacchi 1980). Fig. 5. Milan, episcopal complex: 1) baptistery of S. Stefano alle Fonti; 2) S. Maria Maggiore; 3) baptistery of S. Giovanni alle Fonti; 4) S. Tecla; 5) three-apsed hall; 6) apsed hall underneath the medieval Arcivescovado; 7) late antique residential complex (Lusuardi Siena 1997). Fig. 6. Parenzo, episcopal complex (Chevalier and Matej i 2004). Fig. 7. Parenzo, episcopal residence—exterior (Matej i 1995). Fig. 8. Parenzo, episcopal residence—interior ( Matej i 1995). Fig. 9. Mliet, reconstruction of the Palace of the comes Pierius (™ur i 1996). Fig. 10. Stobi, episcopal complex (Wiseman 1984). Fig. 11. Justiniana Prima, a) episcopal residence; b) consignatorium; c) prin cipia (Duval 1996). Volpe Fig. 1. Major late antique sites in Northern Apulia region (drawn by A. V. Romano). Fig. 2. Canosa. Aerial view of the Early Christian Saint Peter’s complex (excavations 2001–2005; photo author and M. Attademo). Fig. 3. Canosa. Plan of the Early Christian Saint Peter’s complex (6th–7th c. A.D.) (excavations 2001–2005; drawn by G. De Felice, N. Mangialardi). LAVAN_f1_i-xv.indd ix 10/1/2007 2:35:43 PM x list of figures Fig. 4. Canosa. Saint Peter’s complex, episcopal residence (room no. 8): pavement of bricks with the Sabinus’ monogram (photo author). Fig. 5. Canosa. Brick with Sabinus’ monogram (photo author). Fig. 6. Canosa. The atrium of the Early Christian Saint Peter’s complex (photo author). Fig. 7. Canosa. 3D computerised drawing of the Early Christian Saint Peter’s complex (drawn by G. De Felice). Fig. 8. Canosa. Saint Peter’s complex: the domus (photo author). Fig. 9. San Giusto. Aerial view in 1998: the Early Christian complex and the late antique villa (1998, photo author). Fig. 10. San Giusto. Plan of the rural site (drawn by G. De Felice). Fig. 11. San Giusto. Plan of the Early Christian complex (excavations 1995–1999; drawn by G. De Felice). Fig. 12. San Giusto. Aerial view of the Early Christian complex (1997, photo author). Ceylan Fig. 1. Side, episkopeion, plan (Mansel (1978) 269, res. 299). Fig. 2. Miletus, episkopeion, plan (Müller-Wiener (1989) 676, Abb.11). Fig. 3. Ephesus episkopeion plan (re-drawn from Fasolo (1962) 74, Kar- wiese (1989) and Müller-Wiener (1989) 672, Abb. 8). Fig. 4. Ephesus, site plan (redrawn from Foss (1979) 104, g. 35). Fig. 5. Miletus, site plan (redrawn from Ward-Perkins (1974) g. 7). Fig. 6. Side, site plan (Mansel 1978). Baldini Lippolis Fig. 1. Herdonia, Gymnasium and Basilica: late antique structures (Volpe 2000). Fig. 2. Alexandria, late antique houses at Kom-el-Dikka (Rodziewicz 1984). Fig. 3. Luni, area of the Capitolium with late antique baths (Durante 2003). Fig. 4. Carthage, Maison du Triconque (Ben Abed-Ben Khader 1999). Fig. 5. Ptolemais, late antique houses (Ward-Perkins, Little and Mat- tingly 1986). Fig. 6. Philippi, Octagonal Church and late antique house (Baldini Lippolis 2001). Fig. 7. Ravenna, Domus of via D’Azeglio (Baldini Lippolis 2004). Fig. 8. Athens, Palace of the Giants in the Agora (Baldini Lippolis 2003). LAVAN_f1_i-xv.indd x 10/1/2007 2:35:43 PM list of figures xi Fig. 9. Philippi, House on the Via Egnatia (Baldini Lippolis 2001). Fig. 10. Ostia, late antique lower (Saliou 1994). Özgenel Fig. 1a. Aphrodisias, ‘Bishop’s House’ (after Berenfeld 2002). Fig. 1b. Aphrodisias, ‘North Temenos House’ (after Dillon 1997). Fig. 1c. Aphrodisias, ‘Priest’s (Atrium) House’ (after Smith 1990). Fig. 2. Perge, ‘Late Antique Residence’ (after Zeyrek 2002). Fig. 3. Halikarnassos, ‘Late Roman Villa’ (after Poulsen 1995). Fig. 4a. Sardis, ‘Twelve Room House’ (after Greenewalt 1999). Fig. 4b. Sardis, ‘Late Roman Town House’ (after Rautman 1995). Fig. 5. Xanthos, ‘North-east House on the Lycian Acropolis’ (after des Courtils et al. 2001). Fig. 6a. Ephesus, ‘Villa above the Theatre’ (after Miltner 1958). Fig. 6b. Ephesus, ‘Governor’s Palace’ (after Miltner 1959). Ellis Fig. 1. Roman villa at Lullingstone at 4pm (current GMT). Note: roof of portico removed to allow better visibility. Fig.