Interstellar Travel Slides
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
CARMENES Input Catalogue of M Dwarfs IV. New Rotation Periods from Photometric Time Series
Astronomy & Astrophysics manuscript no. pk30 c ESO 2018 October 9, 2018 CARMENES input catalogue of M dwarfs IV. New rotation periods from photometric time series E. D´ıezAlonso1;2;3, J. A. Caballero4, D. Montes1, F. J. de Cos Juez2, S. Dreizler5, F. Dubois6, S. V. Jeffers5, S. Lalitha5, R. Naves7, A. Reiners5, I. Ribas8;9, S. Vanaverbeke10;6, P. J. Amado11, V. J. S. B´ejar12;13, M. Cort´es-Contreras4, E. Herrero8;9, D. Hidalgo12;13;1, M. K¨urster14, L. Logie6, A. Quirrenbach15, S. Rau6, W. Seifert15, P. Sch¨ofer5, and L. Tal-Or5;16 1 Departamento de Astrof´ısicay Ciencias de la Atm´osfera, Facultad de Ciencias F´ısicas,Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-280140 Madrid, Spain; e-mail: [email protected] 2 Departamento de Explotaci´ony Prospecci´onde Minas, Escuela de Minas, Energ´ıay Materiales, Universidad de Oviedo, E-33003 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain 3 Observatorio Astron´omicoCarda, Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain (MPC Z76) 4 Centro de Astrobiolog´ıa(CSIC-INTA), Campus ESAC, Camino Bajo del Castillo s/n, E-28692 Villanueva de la Ca~nada,Madrid, Spain 5 Institut f¨ur Astrophysik, Georg-August-Universit¨at G¨ottingen, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, D-37077 G¨ottingen, Germany 6 AstroLAB IRIS, Provinciaal Domein \De Palingbeek", Verbrandemolenstraat 5, B-8902 Zillebeke, Ieper, Belgium 7 Observatorio Astron´omicoNaves, Cabrils, Barcelona, Spain (MPC 213) 8 Institut de Ci`enciesde l'Espai (CSIC-IEEC), Campus UAB, c/ de Can Magrans s/n, E-08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain 9 Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), E-08034 Barcelona, Spain 10 -
100 Closest Stars Designation R.A
100 closest stars Designation R.A. Dec. Mag. Common Name 1 Gliese+Jahreis 551 14h30m –62°40’ 11.09 Proxima Centauri Gliese+Jahreis 559 14h40m –60°50’ 0.01, 1.34 Alpha Centauri A,B 2 Gliese+Jahreis 699 17h58m 4°42’ 9.53 Barnard’s Star 3 Gliese+Jahreis 406 10h56m 7°01’ 13.44 Wolf 359 4 Gliese+Jahreis 411 11h03m 35°58’ 7.47 Lalande 21185 5 Gliese+Jahreis 244 6h45m –16°49’ -1.43, 8.44 Sirius A,B 6 Gliese+Jahreis 65 1h39m –17°57’ 12.54, 12.99 BL Ceti, UV Ceti 7 Gliese+Jahreis 729 18h50m –23°50’ 10.43 Ross 154 8 Gliese+Jahreis 905 23h45m 44°11’ 12.29 Ross 248 9 Gliese+Jahreis 144 3h33m –9°28’ 3.73 Epsilon Eridani 10 Gliese+Jahreis 887 23h06m –35°51’ 7.34 Lacaille 9352 11 Gliese+Jahreis 447 11h48m 0°48’ 11.13 Ross 128 12 Gliese+Jahreis 866 22h39m –15°18’ 13.33, 13.27, 14.03 EZ Aquarii A,B,C 13 Gliese+Jahreis 280 7h39m 5°14’ 10.7 Procyon A,B 14 Gliese+Jahreis 820 21h07m 38°45’ 5.21, 6.03 61 Cygni A,B 15 Gliese+Jahreis 725 18h43m 59°38’ 8.90, 9.69 16 Gliese+Jahreis 15 0h18m 44°01’ 8.08, 11.06 GX Andromedae, GQ Andromedae 17 Gliese+Jahreis 845 22h03m –56°47’ 4.69 Epsilon Indi A,B,C 18 Gliese+Jahreis 1111 8h30m 26°47’ 14.78 DX Cancri 19 Gliese+Jahreis 71 1h44m –15°56’ 3.49 Tau Ceti 20 Gliese+Jahreis 1061 3h36m –44°31’ 13.09 21 Gliese+Jahreis 54.1 1h13m –17°00’ 12.02 YZ Ceti 22 Gliese+Jahreis 273 7h27m 5°14’ 9.86 Luyten’s Star 23 SO 0253+1652 2h53m 16°53’ 15.14 24 SCR 1845-6357 18h45m –63°58’ 17.40J 25 Gliese+Jahreis 191 5h12m –45°01’ 8.84 Kapteyn’s Star 26 Gliese+Jahreis 825 21h17m –38°52’ 6.67 AX Microscopii 27 Gliese+Jahreis 860 22h28m 57°42’ 9.79, -
Download the Search for New Planets
“VITAL ARTICLES ON SCIENCE/CREATION” September 1999 Impact #315 THE SEARCH FOR NEW PLANETS by Don DeYoung, Ph.D.* The nine solar system planets, from Mercury to Pluto, have been much-studied targets of the space age. In general, a planet is any massive object which orbits a star, in our case, the Sun. Some have questioned the status of Pluto, mainly because of its small size, but it remains a full-fledged planet. There is little evidence for additional solar planets beyond Pluto. Instead, attention has turned to extrasolar planets which may circle other stars. Intense competition has arisen among astronomers to detect such objects. Success insures media attention, journal publication, and continued research funding. The Interest in Planets Just one word explains the intense interest in new planets—life. Many scientists are convinced that we are not alone in space. Since life evolved on Earth, it must likewise have happened elsewhere, either on planets or their moons. The naïve assumption is that life will arise if we “just add water”: Earth-like planet + water → spontaneous life This equation is falsified by over a century of biological research showing the deep complexity of life. Scarcely is there a fact more certain than that matter does not spring into life on its own. Drake Equation Astronomer Frank Drake pioneered the Search for ExtraTerrestrial Intelligence project, or SETI, in the 1960s. He also attempted to calculate the total number of planets with life. The Drake Equation in simplified form is: Total livable Probability of Planets with planets x evolution = evolved life *Don DeYoung, Ph.D., is an Adjunct Professor of Physics at ICR. -
Arxiv:1702.03571V1 [Astro-Ph.EP] 12 Feb 2017 2005), and Many Others
hires survey paper version 33 Preprint typeset using LATEX style AASTeX6 v. 1.0 THE LCES HIRES/KECK PRECISION RADIAL VELOCITY EXOPLANET SURVEY R. Paul Butler1, Steven S. Vogt2, Gregory Laughlin3, Jennifer A. Burt2, Eugenio J. Rivera2, Mikko Tuomi4, Johanna Teske1, Pamela Arriagada1, Matias Diaz5, Brad Holden2, and Sandy Keiser1 1Department of Terrestrial Magnetism, Carnegie Institution for Science, Washington, DC 20015, USA 2UCO/Lick Observatory, Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA 3Department of Astronomy, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA 4University of Hertfordshire, Centre for Astrophysics Research, Science and Technology Research Institute, College Lane, AL10 9AB, Hatfield, UK 5Departamento de Astronom´ıa,Universidad de Chile, Camino el Observatorio 1515, Casilla 36-D, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile ABSTRACT We describe a 20-year survey carried out by the Lick-Carnegie Exoplanet Survey Team (LCES), using precision radial velocities from HIRES on the Keck-I telescope to find and characterize extrasolar planetary systems orbiting nearby F, G, K, and M dwarf stars. We provide here 60,949 precision radial velocities for 1,624 stars contained in that survey. We tabulate a list of 357 significant periodic signals that are of constant period and phase, and not coincident in period and/or phase with stellar activity indices. These signals are thus strongly suggestive of barycentric reflex motion of the star induced by one or more candidate exoplanets in Keplerian motion about the host star. Of these signals, 225 have already been published as planet claims, 60 are classified as significant unpublished planet candidates that await photometric follow-up to rule out activity-related causes, and 54 are also unpublished, but are classified as “significant" signals that require confirmation by additional data before rising to classification as planet candidates. -
Further Defining Spectral Type" Y" and Exploring the Low-Mass End of The
Submitted to The Astrophysical Journal Further Defining Spectral Type “Y” and Exploring the Low-mass End of the Field Brown Dwarf Mass Function J. Davy Kirkpatricka, Christopher R. Gelinoa, Michael C. Cushingb, Gregory N. Macec Roger L. Griffitha, Michael F. Skrutskied, Kenneth A. Marsha, Edward L. Wrightc, Peter R. Eisenhardte, Ian S. McLeanc, Amanda K. Mainzere, Adam J. Burgasserf , C. G. Tinneyg, Stephen Parkerg, Graeme Salterg ABSTRACT We present the discovery of another seven Y dwarfs from the Wide-field In- frared Survey Explorer (WISE). Using these objects, as well as the first six WISE Y dwarf discoveries from Cushing et al., we further explore the transition between spectral types T and Y. We find that the T/Y boundary roughly coincides with the spot where the J − H colors of brown dwarfs, as predicted by models, turn back to the red. Moreover, we use preliminary trigonometric parallax measure- ments to show that the T/Y boundary may also correspond to the point at which the absolute H (1.6 µm) and W2 (4.6 µm) magnitudes plummet. We use these discoveries and their preliminary distances to place them in the larger context of the Solar Neighborhood. We present a table that updates the entire stellar and substellar constinuency within 8 parsecs of the Sun, and we show that the cur- rent census has hydrogen-burning stars outnumbering brown dwarfs by roughly a factor of six. This factor will decrease with time as more brown dwarfs are iden- tified within this volume, but unless there is a vast reservoir of cold brown dwarfs arXiv:1205.2122v1 [astro-ph.SR] 9 May 2012 aInfrared Processing and Analysis Center, MS 100-22, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125; [email protected] bDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, MS 111, University of Toledo, 2801 W. -
Microwave Kinetic Inductance Detectors for High Contrast Imaging with DARKNESS and MEC
Mazin Lab at UCSB http://mazinlab.org Microwave Kinetic Inductance Detectors for High Contrast Imaging with DARKNESS and MEC Ben Mazin, June 2017 The UVOIR MKID Team: UCSB: Ben Mazin, Seth Meeker, Paul Szypryt, Gerhard Ulbricht, Alex Walter, Clint Bocksteigel, Giulia Collura, Neelay Fruitwala, Isabel Liparito, Nicholas Zobrist, Gregoire Coiffard, Miguel Daal, James Massie JPL/IPAC: Bruce Bumble, Julian van Eyken Oxford: Kieran O’Brien, Rupert Dodkins Fermilab: Juan Estrada, Gustavo Cancelo, Chris Stoughton Mazin Lab at UCSB http://mazinlab.org Superconductors A superconductor is a material where all DC resistance disappears at a “critical temperature”. 9 K for Nb, 1.2 K for Al, 0.9 for PtSi This is caused by electrons pairing up to form “Cooper Pairs” Nobel Prize to BCS in 1972 Like a semiconductor, there is a “gap” in a superconductor, but it is 1000-10000x lower than the gap in Si Instead of one electron per photon in a semiconductor, we get ~5000 electrons per photon in a superconductor – much easier to measure (no noise and energy determination)! We call these excitations quasiparticles. However, superconductors don’t support electric fields (perfect conductors!) so CCD methods of shuffling charge around don’t work Excitations are short lived, lifetimes of ~50 microseconds Mazin Lab at UCSB http://mazinlab.org MKIDs MKID Equivalent Circuit Typical Single Photon Event Inductor is a Superconductor! Energy Gap Silicon – 1.10000 eV PtSi or TiN – 0.00013 eV Cooper Energy resolution: Pair Mazin Lab at UCSB http://mazinlab.org What -
The Discovery of a Planetary Companion to 16 Cygni B
WARNING: Unrefereed Version The Discovery of a Planetary Companion to 16 Cygni B William D. Co chran, Artie P. Hatzes The University of Texas at Austin 1 1 R. Paul Butler , Geo rey W. Marcy San Francisco State University ABSTRACT High precision radial velo city observations of the solar-typ e star 16 Cygni B (HR 7504, HD 186427), taken at McDonald Observatory and at Lick Observatory, have each indep endently discovered p erio dic radial-velo cityvariations indicating the presence of a Jovian-mass companion to this star. The orbital t to the combined McDonald and Lick data gives a p erio d of 800.8 days, a velo city 1 amplitude (K) of 43.9 m s , and an eccentricity of 0.63. This is the largest eccentricityofany planetary system discovered so far. Assuming that 16 Cygni B has a mass of 1.0M , the mass function then implies a mass for the companion of 1:5= sin i Jupiter masses. While the mass of this ob ject is well within the range exp ected for planets, the large orbital eccentricity cannot be explained simply by the standard mo del of growth of planets in a protostellar disk. It is p ossible that this ob ject was formed in the normal manner with a low eccentricity orbit, and has undergone p ost-formational orbital evolution, either through the same pro cess which formed the \massive eccentric" planets around 70 Virginis and HD114762, or by gravitational interactions with the companion star 16 Cygni A. It is also p ossible that the ob ject is an extremely low mass brown dwarf, formed through fragmentation of the collapsing protostar. -
Theia: Faint Objects in Motion Or the New Astrometry Frontier
Theia: Faint objects in motion or the new astrometry frontier The Theia Collaboration ∗ July 6, 2017 Abstract In the context of the ESA M5 (medium mission) call we proposed a new satellite mission, Theia, based on rel- ative astrometry and extreme precision to study the motion of very faint objects in the Universe. Theia is primarily designed to study the local dark matter properties, the existence of Earth-like exoplanets in our nearest star systems and the physics of compact objects. Furthermore, about 15 % of the mission time was dedicated to an open obser- vatory for the wider community to propose complementary science cases. With its unique metrology system and “point and stare” strategy, Theia’s precision would have reached the sub micro-arcsecond level. This is about 1000 times better than ESA/Gaia’s accuracy for the brightest objects and represents a factor 10-30 improvement for the faintest stars (depending on the exact observational program). In the version submitted to ESA, we proposed an optical (350-1000nm) on-axis TMA telescope. Due to ESA Technology readiness level, the camera’s focal plane would have been made of CCD detectors but we anticipated an upgrade with CMOS detectors. Photometric mea- surements would have been performed during slew time and stabilisation phases needed for reaching the required astrometric precision. Authors Management team: Céline Boehm (PI, Durham University - Ogden Centre, UK), Alberto Krone-Martins (co-PI, Universidade de Lisboa - CENTRA/SIM, Portugal) and, in alphabetical order, António Amorim -
The Milky Way the Milky Way's Neighbourhood
The Milky Way What Is The Milky Way Galaxy? The.Milky.Way.is.the.galaxy.we.live.in..It.contains.the.Sun.and.at.least.one.hundred.billion.other.stars..Some.modern. measurements.suggest.there.may.be.up.to.500.billion.stars.in.the.galaxy..The.Milky.Way.also.contains.more.than.a.billion. solar.masses’.worth.of.free-floating.clouds.of.interstellar.gas.sprinkled.with.dust,.and.several.hundred.star.clusters.that. contain.anywhere.from.a.few.hundred.to.a.few.million.stars.each. What Kind Of Galaxy Is The Milky Way? Figuring.out.the.shape.of.the.Milky.Way.is,.for.us,.somewhat.like.a.fish.trying.to.figure.out.the.shape.of.the.ocean.. Based.on.careful.observations.and.calculations,.though,.it.appears.that.the.Milky.Way.is.a.barred.spiral.galaxy,.probably. classified.as.a.SBb.or.SBc.on.the.Hubble.tuning.fork.diagram. Where Is The Milky Way In Our Universe’! The.Milky.Way.sits.on.the.outskirts.of.the.Virgo.supercluster..(The.centre.of.the.Virgo.cluster,.the.largest.concentrated. collection.of.matter.in.the.supercluster,.is.about.50.million.light-years.away.).In.a.larger.sense,.the.Milky.Way.is.at.the. centre.of.the.observable.universe..This.is.of.course.nothing.special,.since,.on.the.largest.size.scales,.every.point.in.space. is.expanding.away.from.every.other.point;.every.object.in.the.cosmos.is.at.the.centre.of.its.own.observable.universe.. Within The Milky Way Galaxy, Where Is Earth Located’? Earth.orbits.the.Sun,.which.is.situated.in.the.Orion.Arm,.one.of.the.Milky.Way’s.66.spiral.arms..(Even.though.the.spiral. -
Fantasy & Science Fiction V025n04
p I4tk Anniversary ALL STAR ISSUE Fantasi/ and Science Fiction OCTOBER ASIMOV BESTER DAVIDSON DE CAMP HENDERSON MACLEI.SH MATHESON : Girl Of My Dreams RICHARD MATHESON 5 Epistle To Be Left In The Earth {verse) Archibald macleish 17 Books AVRAM DAVIDSON 19 Deluge {novelet) ZENNA HENDERSON 24 The Light And The Sadness {verse) JEANNETTE NICHOLS 54 Faed-out AVRAM DAVIDSON 55 How To Plan A Fauna L. SPRAGUE DE CAMP 72 Special Consent P. M. HUBBARD 84 Science; Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star ISAAC ASIMOV 90 They Don’t Make Life Like They Used To {novelet) ALFRED BESTER 100 Guest Editorial: Toward A Definition Of Science Fiction FREDRIC BROWNS' 128 In this issue . Coming next month 4 F&SF Marketplace 129 Cover by Chesley Bonestell {see page 23 for explanation) Joseph IV. Fcnnan, publisher Avram Davidson, executive editoi: Isaac Asimov, science editor Edzvard L. Forman, managing editoi; The Magasine of Fa^itasy and Science Fiction, Volume 25, No. 4, IVhole No. 149, Oct. 1963. Published monthly by Mercury Press, Inc., at 40c o copy. Annual subscription $4.50; $5.00 in Canada and the Pan American Union; $5.50 in all ether countries. Ptibli- cation office, 10 Ferry Street, Concord, N. FI. Editorial and general mail should be soit ie 347 East 53rd St., Nezv York 22, N. Y. Second Class postage paid at Concord, N. H. Printed in U. S. A. © 1963 by Mercury Press, Inc. All rights, including translations into otJut languages, reserved. Submissions must be accompanied by stamped, self-addressed envelopes the Publisher assumes no responsibility fur return of unsolicited manuscripts. -
Planet Searching from Ground and Space
Planet Searching from Ground and Space Olivier Guyon Japanese Astrobiology Center, National Institutes for Natural Sciences (NINS) Subaru Telescope, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NINS) University of Arizona Breakthrough Watch committee chair June 8, 2017 Perspectives on O/IR Astronomy in the Mid-2020s Outline 1. Current status of exoplanet research 2. Finding the nearest habitable planets 3. Characterizing exoplanets 4. Breakthrough Watch and Starshot initiatives 5. Subaru Telescope instrumentation, Japan/US collaboration toward TMT 6. Recommendations 1. Current Status of Exoplanet Research 1. Current Status of Exoplanet Research 3,500 confirmed planets (as of June 2017) Most identified by Jupiter two techniques: Radial Velocity with Earth ground-based telescopes Transit (most with NASA Kepler mission) Strong observational bias towards short period and high mass (lower right corner) 1. Current Status of Exoplanet Research Key statistical findings Hot Jupiters, P < 10 day, M > 0.1 Jupiter Planetary systems are common occurrence rate ~1% 23 systems with > 5 planets Most frequent around F, G stars (no analog in our solar system) credits: NASA/CXC/M. Weiss 7-planet Trappist-1 system, credit: NASA-JPL Earth-size rocky planets are ~10% of Sun-like stars and ~50% abundant of M-type stars have potentially habitable planets credits: NASA Ames/SETI Institute/JPL-Caltech Dressing & Charbonneau 2013 1. Current Status of Exoplanet Research Spectacular discoveries around M stars Trappist-1 system 7 planets ~3 in hab zone likely rocky 40 ly away Proxima Cen b planet Possibly habitable Closest star to our solar system Faint red M-type star 1. Current Status of Exoplanet Research Spectroscopic characterization limited to Giant young planets or close-in planets For most planets, only Mass, radius and orbit are constrained HR 8799 d planet (direct imaging) Currie, Burrows et al. -
Arxiv:1106.0586V3 [Astro-Ph.EP] 7 Jun 2011 Catalogue Through the Internet Is Better Adapted to That Search Table at Table.Shtml Situation
Astronomy & Astrophysics manuscript no. exo.eu-AA-rev-Jun07 May 21, 2018 (DOI: will be inserted by hand later) Defining and cataloging exoplanets: The exoplanet.eu database J. Schneider1, C. Dedieu2, P. Le Sidaner2, R. Savalle2, and I. Zolotukhin234 1 Observatoire de Paris, LUTh-CNRS, UMR 8102, 92190, Meudon, France e-mail: [email protected] 2 Observatoire de Paris, Division Informatique de l'Observatoire, VO-Paris Data Centre, UMS2201 CNRS/INSU, France 3 Observatoire de Paris, LERMA, UMR 8112, 61 Av. de l'Observatoire, 75014 Paris, France 4 Sternberg Astronomical Institute, Moscow State University, 13 Universitetsky prospect, Moscow, 119992, Russia Received ; accepted Abstract. We describe an online database for extra-solar planetary-mass candidates, updated regularly as new data are available. We first discuss criteria for the inclusion of objects in the catalog: "definition” of a planet and several aspects of the confidence level of planet candidates. We are led to point out the conflict between sharpness of belonging or not to a catalogue and fuzziness of the confidence level. We then describe the different tables of extra-solar planetary systems, including unconfirmed candidates (which will ultimately be confirmed, or not, by direct imaging). It also provides online tools: histogrammes of planet and host star data, cross-correlations between these parameters and some VO services. Future evolutions of the database are presented. Key words. Stars: planetary systems { online catalogue { Extrasolar planet 1. Introduction database. In section 3 we discuss criteria for the inclusion of objects in the catalogue. In section 4 we give the de- The study of extrasolar planetary systems has become a tailed content of the catalogue.