DOCSLIB.ORG

The Planetary Report

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Planetary Report A Publication of THE PLANET: SOCIETY o o o o o • 0-e Board of Directors FROM THE CARL SAGAN BRUCE MURRAY President Vice President Director. Laboratory tor Planetary Professor of Planetary Studies. Cornell University Science. California Institute of TechnoJogy LOUIS FRIEDMAN Executive Director JOSEPH RYAN Q'Mefveny & Myers MICHAEL COLLI NS Apollo 11 astronaut STEVEN SPIELBERG he political and economic state of the Reagan calls for the international explo­ director and producer THOMAS O. PAINE Tworld is in flux, making the future of ration of space, former Administrator, NASA; HENRY J. TANNER Chairman, National financial consultant planetary exploration uncertain. Still, the Page 18-News & Reviews- Triton, Commission on Space discoveries go on, as you'll read in this Neptune's largest satellite, is the topic of Board of Advisors issue. our faithful columnist. DIANE ACKERMAN JOHN M. LOGSDON Page 3-Members' Dialogue-Clark Page 20-Questions & Answers-What poet and author g:~~o;'~~:fu~;g~C(;~~;:;~~ , ISAAC ASIMOV Chapman's recent critique of exaggerated would happen if a planet blew up? Could author HANS MARK Chancellor, planetary images released by NASA hit an asteroid be used as a spacecraft? What RICHARD BERENDZEN University of Texas System educator and astrophysicist home with a lot of our members, and many three planets rotate backwards? Read this JAMES MICHENER JACOUES BLAMONT author wrote to support his views, (One member, column to find the answers, Chief Scientist. Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales, MARVIN MINSKY David Morrison, in a letter published in the -Charlene M, Anderson France Toshiba Professor of Media Arts and Sciences, Massachusetts American Geophysical Union's Eos, has RAY BRADBURY Institute of Technology poet and author even called for the creation of a "Flat ARTHU R C. CLARKE PH ILIP MORRISON Institute Professor, Massachusetts Venus Society,") author Institute of Technology SPECIAL ANNOUNCEMENT: CORN ELI S DE JAGER Page 4-Titan's Greenhouse and Anti­ PAUL NEWMAN Professor of Space Research, Cassini Crisis Updates The Astronomiea/lnstitute at actor greenhouse Effects-A decade after it Utrecht, the Netherlands JUN NI SH IM URA flew by Titan, Voyager 1 still has some­ As we go to press, the future of FRANK DRAKE Director-General, Institute of Space Professor of Astronomy and and Astronautical Sciences, Japan thing to teach us about this intriguing Cassini, the NASA/European Space Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz BERNARD M. OLIVER moon of Saturn's. Using Voyager data and Chief, SET! Program. Agency mission to investigate Saturn LEE A. DUBRIDGE NASNAmes Research Center computer models, a team of researchers former presidential and its large moon, Titan, is in doubt. science advisor SALLY RIDE Director, California Space Institute, has discovered an anti greenhouse effect There is a possibility that the US JOHN GARDNER University of Califomia, San Diego, founder, Common Cause and former astronaut operating in its atmosphere. Congress will cancel it, and so end the MARC GARNEAU ROALD Z. SAGDEEV Page 8-Through the Fuzzy Boundary: development of scientifically ambitious Canadian astronaut former Director, Institute for Space Research, A New Route to the Moon-"Innovation" and mid-sized robotic missions for the GEORGIY GOLITSYN Academy of Sciences of the USSR Institute of Atmospheric Physics, is a word so casually used in the modem foreseeable future. Academy of Sciences of the USSR HARRI SON H. SCHMID former US Senator, New Mexico, world that its meaning has been diluted. The Planetary Society has taken a THEODORE M. HESBURGH and Apollo 17 astronaut President Emeritus, Really new concepts can be lost in a bliz­ stand for Cassini, and, through the grass­ University of Notre Dame S. ROSS TAYLOR SH IRLEY M. HUFSTEDLER Professorial Fellow, Australian zard of buzzwords and half-baked ideas. roots campaign of our members and the National University, Canberra educator and jurist One recent innovation in celestial mechan­ congressional testimony of our officers, GARRY E. HUNT LEWIS THOMAS space scientist, Chancellor, Memorial Sloan United Kingdom Kettering Cancer Center ics, however, represents a true advance in we are trying to help save the mission, SERGEI KAPITSA JAMES VAN ALLEN space traveL The discoverer of fuzzy As a bimonthly publication, it's im­ Institute for Physical Problems, Professor of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the USSR University of Iowa boundaries describes how this concept possible for The Planetary Report to could make spacecraft missions more af­ keep you up to date on a political situa­ The Planetary Report (ISSN 0736--3680) is published six times yearly at the editorial offices 01 The Planetary Society, 65 North Catalina Avenue, fordable. tion that can change day by day. To Pasadena, CA 9 11 06, (818) 793-5100. II is available to members of The Planetary Society. Annual dues in the US or Canada are $25 US dollars Page ll-Keeping an Eye on Earth: Re­ remedy this, the Society is instituting or $30 Canadian. Dues outside the US or Canada are $35 (US). mote Sensing in Russia- The same tech­ Editor, CHARLENE M. ANDERSON a new service for the duration of this Technical Editor, JAMES D . BURKE nology that ushered in the Space Age and crisis: Assistant Editor, DONNA ESCANDON STEVENS Copy Editor, GLORIA JOYCE enabled spacecraft to explore the planets is You can receive updates on the status Production Editor, MITCHELL BIRD .Art Director, BARBARA S. SMITH also being used to study our home world. of Cassini by calling our events calen­ Viewpoints expressed in columns or editorials are those of the authors and The former Soviet Union was a leader in dar telephone line: (818) 793-4294, do not necessarily represent positions of The Planetary Society. its officers or advisors. © 1992 by The Planetary Society. remote sensing of Earth, and we report As with anything involving a govern­ 'In Canada. Second Class Mail Registration Number 9567 here on its satellite capabilities, ment program, things may change Page 16-Society Notes-The latest So­ hourly or remain stable for weeks. We COVER: Remote sensing is possibly the most powerful scientific tool to mature during the Space Age, These ciety activities are detailed for you here. will update the recorded message as we false-color images of the Moon were compiled from data Page 17-World Watch-Planetary ex­ receive news of developments, returned byGalileo during its 1990 Earth-Moon encounter and later superimposed over an airbrushed map, The ploration by the United States is seriously We hope you will let your represen­ ways surface materials, such as soils, reflect light can tell threatened: The Cassini mission to Saturn tatives and senators know that you sup­ us about their composition, Here the different colors indi­ may be canceled by Congress. But France port Cassini. If we lose this mission, the cate different reflectivities and composition, For example, green and yellow indicate iron- and magnesium-rich reaffirms its commitment to help the Rus­ US planetary program may wither away. minerals, Image: United States Geological Survey sian Mars missions, and former President NEWS BRIEFS Michael Griffm, NASA's associate As administrators of a membership organization, The Planetary Society's Directors and administrator for exploration, told staff care about and are influenced by our members' opinions, suggestions and ideas Congress recently that the space about the future of the space program and of our Society. We encourage members to write agency could send humans back to us and create a dialogue on topics such as a space station, a lunar outpost, the exploration of Mars and the search for extraterrestrial life. the Moon and on to Mars for about Send your letters to: Members' Dialogue, The Planetary Society, 65 N. Catalina Avenue, one-fifth of the huge cost it esti­ Pasadena, CA 91106. mated less than three years ago. During testimony before the House Science, Space and Technol­ ogy space subcommittee, the top Three cheers for Clark Chapman's critique of the false colors used in just about all publicly exploration official rejected the old released NASA planet photos! [See the January/February 1992 issue of The Planetary Re­ $500 billion price tag for the 30- port.] It's about time someone pointed out that 10 is not the same colors as a pizza with dou­ year project that came out of a ble cheese and pepperoni, that the distorted surface of Venus isn't Day-Glo orange and that 1989 NASA study, and agreed to even the Mars we've come to know and love is not a brilliant crimson and peach. Aside from place the effort under tight funding a past issue of Sky & Telescope that had an article showing the "true" colors of the planets, I caps. have seen no other refutations in the news media about all the fake colors that are passing NASA can do the projects for for reality. "on the order of $100 billion," but Would it be possible in some future issue of The Planetary Report to show us what all the detailed numbers will not be ready planets (and at least some of the moons) in our solar system really look like, shorn of false for at least two years, Griffin said. ultraviolet purples (a la Venus and Saturn) and computer enhancement? Is Neptune as blue The hearing marked the start of a as Newsweek crowed in its 1989 cover story on Voyager 2 and "The Blue Planet"? And contentious battle in Congress over what color is Mars, anyway? boosting space agency funding for -JOHN ROUNDS, Hoboken, New Jersey lunar and Mars missions. -from Space News In his News & Reviews. column in the January/February 1992 Planetary Report, Clark R. Chapman is right on the mark in pointing out that the common use of exaggerated and false color in space probe images of other worlds, while useful for specific technical purposes, in .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Low-Energy Lunar Trajectory Design
    LOW-ENERGY LUNAR TRAJECTORY DESIGN Jeffrey S. Parker and Rodney L. Anderson Jet Propulsion Laboratory Pasadena, California July 2013 ii DEEP SPACE COMMUNICATIONS AND NAVIGATION SERIES Issued by the Deep Space Communications and Navigation Systems Center of Excellence Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Joseph H. Yuen, Editor-in-Chief Published Titles in this Series Radiometric Tracking Techniques for Deep-Space Navigation Catherine L. Thornton and James S. Border Formulation for Observed and Computed Values of Deep Space Network Data Types for Navigation Theodore D. Moyer Bandwidth-Efficient Digital Modulation with Application to Deep-Space Communication Marvin K. Simon Large Antennas of the Deep Space Network William A. Imbriale Antenna Arraying Techniques in the Deep Space Network David H. Rogstad, Alexander Mileant, and Timothy T. Pham Radio Occultations Using Earth Satellites: A Wave Theory Treatment William G. Melbourne Deep Space Optical Communications Hamid Hemmati, Editor Spaceborne Antennas for Planetary Exploration William A. Imbriale, Editor Autonomous Software-Defined Radio Receivers for Deep Space Applications Jon Hamkins and Marvin K. Simon, Editors Low-Noise Systems in the Deep Space Network Macgregor S. Reid, Editor Coupled-Oscillator Based Active-Array Antennas Ronald J. Pogorzelski and Apostolos Georgiadis Low-Energy Lunar Trajectory Design Jeffrey S. Parker and Rodney L. Anderson LOW-ENERGY LUNAR TRAJECTORY DESIGN Jeffrey S. Parker and Rodney L. Anderson Jet Propulsion Laboratory Pasadena, California July 2013 iv Low-Energy Lunar Trajectory Design July 2013 Jeffrey Parker: I dedicate the majority of this book to my wife Jen, my best friend and greatest support throughout the development of this book and always.
    [Show full text]
  • Finding a New Route to the Moon Using Paintings
    Bridges 2009: Mathematics, Music, Art, Architecture, Culture Finding a New Route to the Moon using Paintings Edward Belbruno Department of Astrophysical Sciences Princeton University Princeton, NJ, 08540, USA E-mail: [email protected] Abstract A new theory of space travel using low energy chaotic trajectories was dramatically demonstrated in 1991 with the rescue of a Japanese lunar mission, getting its spacecraft, Hiten, to the Moon on a different type of route. The design of this route and the theory behind it is based on finding regions of instability about the Moon. This approach to space travel was inspired by a painting of the Earth-Moon system which revealed these regions and the new chaotic trajectories. The brush strokes in the painting revealed the dynamics of motion which are verified by the computer. The painting itself can be used as a way to uncover dynamics in the field of celestial mechanics that cannot be easily found my standard mathematical methods. A New Approach to Space Travel The classical route from the Earth to the Moon uses the Hohmann transfer, named after the German engineer Walter Hohmann [1]. Let’s assume a spacecraft is to go from a circular orbit about the Earth to a circular orbit about the Moon. The Hohmann transfer is a nearly straight path, actually half of a highly eccentric ellipse, from the circular orbit about the Earth to the circular orbit about the Moon. To leave the orbit about the Earth, the spacecraft briefly fires its engines to gain the necessary velocity, then coasts to the Moon in three days.
    [Show full text]
  • 75 Years the Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences at New York University
    Celebrating 75 Years The Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences at New York University The ultimate goal should be “a strong and many-sided institution… which carries on research and educational work, not only in the pure and abstract mathematics, but also emphasizes the connection between mathematics and other fields [such] as physics, engineering, possibly biology and economics.” — Richard Courant, 1936 Inevitably, much has changed over the past 75 years, most notably the advent of computers, which are now central to much of our activities. Nonetheless, viewed broadly, this statement continues to characterize our research mission, as illustrated by the research profiles in each issue of the newsletter. 75th Anniversary Courant Lectures As a part of the Courant Institute’s 75th Anniversary celebrations, over 250 Courant Institute faculty, students, Spring / Summer 2011 8, No. 2 Volume alumni and friends gathered at Warren Weaver Hall for the Courant Lectures on April 7th. The talk was given by Persi Diaconis, Mary V. Sunseri Professor of Statistics and Mathematics and Stanford University. In the talk, “The In this Issue: Search for Randomness,” Prof. Diaconis gave “a careful look at some of our most primitive images of random 75th Anniversary Courant phenomena: tossing a coin, rolling a roulette ball, and Lectures 1 shuffling cards.” As stated by Prof. Diaconis, “Experiments and theory show that, while these can produce random Assaf Naor 2–3 outcomes, usually we are lazy and things are far off. Marsha Berger 4–5 Connections to the use (and misuse) of statistical models 2011 Courant Institute and the need for randomness in scientific computing Student Prizes 5 emerge.” The lecture was followed by a more technical Alex Barnett 6–7 lecture on April 8th, “Mathematical Analysis of ‘Hit and Photo: Mathieu Asselin Run’ Algorithms.” n Faculy Honors 8 Leslie Greengard and Persi Diaconis The Bi-Annual 24-Hour Hackathon 8 Puzzle, Spring 2011: This past Fall the construction on Warren Weaver Hall’s Mercer-side entrance was The Bermuda Yacht Race 9 completed.
    [Show full text]
  • ASTROBIOLOGY ASTROBIOLOGY: an Introduction
    Physics SERIES IN ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS LONGSTAFF SERIES IN ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS SERIES EDITORS: M BIRKINSHAW, J SILK, AND G FULLER ASTROBIOLOGY ASTROBIOLOGY ASTROBIOLOGY: An Introduction Astrobiology is a multidisciplinary pursuit that in various guises encompasses astronomy, chemistry, planetary and Earth sciences, and biology. It relies on mathematical, statistical, and computer modeling for theory, and space science, engineering, and computing to implement observational and experimental work. Consequently, when studying astrobiology, a broad scientific canvas is needed. For example, it is now clear that the Earth operates as a system; it is no longer appropriate to think in terms of geology, oceans, atmosphere, and life as being separate. Reflecting this multiscience approach, Astrobiology: An Introduction • Covers topics such as stellar evolution, cosmic chemistry, planet formation, habitable zones, terrestrial biochemistry, and exoplanetary systems An Introduction • Discusses the origin, evolution, distribution, and future of life in the universe in an accessible manner, sparing calculus, curly arrow chemistry, and modeling details • Contains problems and worked examples and includes a solutions manual with qualifying course adoption Astrobiology: An Introduction provides a full introduction to astrobiology suitable for university students at all levels. ASTROBIOLOGY An Introduction ALAN LONGSTAFF K13515 ISBN: 978-1-4398-7576-6 90000 9 781439 875766 K13515_COVER_final.indd 1 10/10/14 2:15 PM ASTROBIOLOGY An Introduction
    [Show full text]
  • Planète 1 Planète
    Planète 1 Planète Une planète est un corps céleste orbitant autour du Soleil ou d'une autre étoile de l'Univers et possédant une masse suffisante pour que sa gravité la maintienne en équilibre hydrostatique, c'est-à-dire sous une forme presque sphérique. La définition scientifique rigoureuse, d'une part veut qu'on réserve le nom de « planète » aux objets du système solaire (dans les autres cas, on parle d'exoplanètes), d'autre part exige que ce corps céleste ait éliminé tout corps rival se déplaçant sur une orbite proche (cela peut signifier soit en faire un de ses satellites, soit provoquer sa destruction par collision). Ce dernier critère ne s'applique pas aux exoplanètes[1] . On estime que le nombre de planètes dans notre seule galaxie est de 1000 milliards[2] . Selon cette définition (qui fut approuvée le 24 août 2006 en clôture de la 26e Assemblée Générale de l'Union astronomique internationale (UAI) huit planètes ont été recensées dans le système solaire : Mercure, Vénus, la Terre, Mars, Jupiter, Saturne, Uranus et Neptune (les quatre premières étant des planètes telluriques alors que les quatre suivantes sont des géantes gazeuses). En même temps que la définition d'une planète était clarifiée, l'UAI définissait comme étant une planète naine un objet céleste répondant à tous les critères, sauf l'élimination des corps sur une orbite proche. Contrairement à ce que suggère l'usage habituel d'un adjectif, une planète naine n'est pas une planète. On compte actuellement cinq planètes naines dans le système solaire : Cérès, Pluton, Makemake, Haumea et Éris[3] .
    [Show full text]
  • Shoot the Moonh Wang Sang Koont, Martin W
    AAS 00-166 Shoot the MoonH Wang Sang Koont, Martin W. Lo’, Jerrold E. Marsdent, Shane D. Rosst Abstract In 1991, the Japanese Hitenmission used a low energytransfer with a ballisticcapture at the Moon which required less AV thana standard Hohmann transfer to the Moon. In this paper, we apply the same dynamical systems techniques used to produce the “Petit Grand Tour”of Jovian moons to reproduceHiten-likea mission. We decouple the Sun-Earth-Moon- Spacecraft4-body problem into two 3-body problems. Using theinvariant manifold theory of the Lagrange points of the 3-body systems, we are able to construct low energy transfer trajectories from the Earth and ballistic capture trajectories at the Moon. The techniques used in the design and construction of this trajectory may be appliedin many situations. 1. Introduction In this paper, weapply the same dynamical systems techniques used to producethe “Petit Grand Tour” of Jovian moons to reproduce a Hiten-like mission (Ref. 1). In 1991, the Japanese Hiten mission used a low energy transfer with a ballistic capture at the Moon based on the work of Belbruno and Miller (Ref. 2) on the Weak Stability Boundary theory (WSB). Discussions at the “Advances in NonlinearAstrodynamics Conference” in 1993 (Ref. 3) producedthe generally- accpeted view that the WSB is generated by the invariant manifold structure of the Lagrange points of the Sun-Earth and Earth-Moon systems. Belbruno documents his conjectures on the structure of the WSB in Ref. 4. The three key ideas of our approach to “Shoot the Moon”are: 1 .) Treat the Sun-Earth-Moon-Spacecraft 4-body problem as two coupled circular restricted 3-body problems, Sun-Earth and Earth-Moonsystems; 2.) Use the unstable manifolds of periodic orbits about the Sun-Earth Lagrange points to provide a low energy transfer from Earth to the stable manifolds of periodic orbits around the Earth-Moon Lagrange points; 3.) Use the stable manifolds of the periodic orbits around the Earth-Moon Lagrange points to provide a ballistic capture about the Moon.
    [Show full text]
  • Beyond Earth a CHRONICLE of DEEP SPACE EXPLORATION, 1958–2016
    Beyond Earth A CHRONICLE OF DEEP SPACE EXPLORATION, 1958–2016 Asif A. Siddiqi Beyond Earth A CHRONICLE OF DEEP SPACE EXPLORATION, 1958–2016 by Asif A. Siddiqi NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION Office of Communications NASA History Division Washington, DC 20546 NASA SP-2018-4041 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Siddiqi, Asif A., 1966– author. | United States. NASA History Division, issuing body. | United States. NASA History Program Office, publisher. Title: Beyond Earth : a chronicle of deep space exploration, 1958–2016 / by Asif A. Siddiqi. Other titles: Deep space chronicle Description: Second edition. | Washington, DC : National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Office of Communications, NASA History Division, [2018] | Series: NASA SP ; 2018-4041 | Series: The NASA history series | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2017058675 (print) | LCCN 2017059404 (ebook) | ISBN 9781626830424 | ISBN 9781626830431 | ISBN 9781626830431?q(paperback) Subjects: LCSH: Space flight—History. | Planets—Exploration—History. Classification: LCC TL790 (ebook) | LCC TL790 .S53 2018 (print) | DDC 629.43/509—dc23 | SUDOC NAS 1.21:2018-4041 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017058675 Original Cover Artwork provided by Ariel Waldman The artwork titled Spaceprob.es is a companion piece to the Web site that catalogs the active human-made machines that freckle our solar system. Each space probe’s silhouette has been paired with its distance from Earth via the Deep Space Network or its last known coordinates. This publication is available as a free download at http://www.nasa.gov/ebooks. ISBN 978-1-62683-043-1 90000 9 781626 830431 For my beloved father Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Lunar and Planetary Information Bulletin, Issue 98
    TTITANITAN –– IINTERNATIONALNTERNATIONAL MMOONOON OFOF MMYSTERYYSTERY — Ralph Lorenz, University of Arizona While the arrival of the Mars rovers has made 2004 a landmark year for planetary exploration, another mission has been quietly closing in on its target, one that may rival Mars in both scientific importance and public appeal. The Cassini mission, a joint endeavor between NASA, the European Space Agency (ESA), and the Italian Space Agency (ASI), is about to arrive in the saturnian system, last visited fleetingly by Voyager 2 in 1981. This monster project involves a large Saturn orbiter spacecraft and a European-built probe named Huygens, which will descend to the surface of Saturn’s largest moon, Titan, and promises a bonanza of scientific discoveries. While Saturn, adorned by beautiful rings and attended by a diverse zoo of moons, offers as much interest as the jovian system, it is Titan that is set to take center stage. TITAN:AN ICY GIANT WITH AN EXOTIC FAMILIARITY Titan is the second-largest satellite in the solar system (Jupiter’s Ganymede is slightly larger). Its radius is 2575 kilometers, between the sizes of the planets Mars and Mercury. What makes Titan particularly interesting is that it has a thick atmosphere, made mostly of molecular nitrogen, just like our own. Titan’s atmosphere is denser than our own — by a factor of 4 at sea level (a term that may apply literally!). Understanding how Titan acquired its atmosphere, and how that atmosphere evolved over time, is an important task. Titan’s gravity is 1.35 m s–2, about one-seventh that of Earth’s (very similar to our Moon).
    [Show full text]
  • Shoot the Moon
    AAS 00-166 ℵ Shoot the Moon Wang Sang Koon†, Martin W. Lo*, Jerrold E. Marsden†, Shane D. Ross† Abstract In 1991, the Japanese Hiten mission used a low energy transfer with a ballistic capture at the Moon which required less ∆V than a standard Hohmann transfer to the Moon. In this paper, we apply the same dynamical systems techniques used to produce the “Petit Grand Tour” of Jovian moons to reproduce a Hiten-like mission. We decouple the Sun-Earth-Moon- Spacecraft 4-body problem into two 3-body problems. Using the invariant manifold theory of the Lagrange points of the 3-body systems, we are able to construct low energy transfer trajectories from the Earth and ballistic capture trajectories at the Moon. The techniques used in the design and construction of this trajectory may be applied in many situations. 1. Introduction In this paper, we apply the same dynamical systems techniques used to produce the “Petit Grand Tour” of Jovian moons to reproduce a Hiten-like mission (Ref. 1). In 1991, the Japanese Hiten mission used a low energy transfer with a ballistic capture at the Moon based on the work of Belbruno and Miller (Ref. 2) on the Weak Stability Boundary theory (WSB). Discussions at the “Advances in Nonlinear Astrodynamics Conference” in 1993 (Ref. 3) produced the generally- accpeted view that the WSB is generated by the invariant manifold structure of the Lagrange points of the Sun-Earth and Earth-Moon systems. Belbruno documents his conjectures on the structure of the WSB in Ref. 4. The three key ideas of our approach to “Shoot the Moon” are: 1.) Treat the Sun-Earth-Moon-Spacecraft 4-body problem as two coupled circular restricted 3-body problems, Sun-Earth and Earth-Moon systems; 2.) Use the unstable manifolds of periodic orbits about the Sun-Earth Lagrange points to provide a low energy transfer from Earth to the stable manifolds of periodic orbits around the Earth-Moon Lagrange points; 3.) Use the stable manifolds of the periodic orbits around the Earth-Moon Lagrange points to provide a ballistic capture about the Moon.
    [Show full text]
  • Fasano G., Pinter J.D. (Eds.) Modeling and Optimization in Space
    Springer Optimization and Its Applications VOLUME 73 Managing Editor Panos M. Pardalos (University of Florida) Editor–Combinatorial Optimization Ding-Zhu Du (University of Texas at Dallas) Advisory Board J. Birge (University of Chicago) C.A. Floudas (Princeton University) F. Giannessi (University of Pisa) H.D. Sherali (Virginia Polytechnic and State University) T. Terlaky (McMaster University) Y.Ye (Stanford University) Aims and Scope Optimization has been expanding in all directions at an astonishing rate during the last few decades. New algorithmic and theoretical techniques have been developed, the diffusion into other disciplines has proceeded at a rapid pace, and our knowledge of all aspects of the field has grown even more profound. At the same time, one of the most striking trends in optimization is the constantly increasing emphasis on the interdisciplinary nature of the field. Optimization has been a basic tool in all areas of applied mathematics, engineering, medicine, economics, and other sciences. The series Springer Optimization and Its Applications publishes under- graduate and graduate textbooks, monographs, and state-of-the-art expository work that focus on algorithms for solving optimization problems and also study applications involving such problems. Some of the topics covered include nonlinear optimization (convex and nonconvex), network flow problems, stochastic optimization, optimal control, discrete optimization, multiobjective programming, description of software packages, approxima- tion techniques and heuristic approaches. For further volumes: http://www.springer.com/series/7393 Giorgio Fasano • Ja´nos D. Pinte´r Editors Modeling and Optimization in Space Engineering Editors Giorgio Fasano Ja´nos D. Pinte´r Thales Alenia Space SpA Pinte´r Consulting Services Inc.
    [Show full text]