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CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION This Chapter Explains the Background of the Study, Problems of the Study, Objectives of the Study, Signif 1 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION This chapter explains the background of the study, problems of the study, objectives of the study, significances of the study, scope and limitation of the study, definition of key terms, and framework of discussion. A. Background of the study The language use by a group of people can show their background in terms of the social and cultural which called as sociolinguistic philology. Sociolinguistics is the study of language as it affects and is affected by social relations. Sociolinguistic encompasses a broad range of concerns. including bilingualism, pidgin and creole languages, and other ways that language use is influenced by contact among people of different language communities (e.g., speakers of German, French, Italian, and Romansh in Switzerland). Sociolinguists also examine different dialects, accents, and levels of diction in light of social distinctions among people. In practice a dialect can usually be identified by the accent of its speakers as well as by distinctive words, usages, idiomatic expressions, and grammatical features. Language is considered to be a system of communication, used by a particular community of speakers, which has literal and figurative meanings. While the literal meaning is the direct reference of words or sentences to objects, the figurative sense is used for giving an imaginative description or a special effect. Therefore, the meaning of individual words in an expression has nothing to do in the comprehension of the whole meaning. Such a meaning characterizes notions like metaphors, similes, proverbs and idioms. 2 Among these, idioms have a great extent use in everyday language, and they are considered as one of the most frequently used means of non-literal language.1 Among them, the idiom has a great used so far in everyday language, and they are considered as one of the most commonly used way of non-literal language. Since idioms, metaphors, proverbs, parables and expression remain the property of non-literal or figurative language, it seems difficult to identify an idiom of other forms of figurative language, but although there are some similarities between idioms and other forms of non-literal language, some clear differences, and thus, we can recognize an idiom quite easily. Language used is influenced by contact among people of different language communities (e.g., speakers of German, French, Italian, and Romansh in Switzerland). Sociolinguists also examine different dialects, accents, and levels of diction in light of social distinctions among people. In practice a dialect can usually be identified by the accent of its speakers as well as by distinctive words, usages, idiomatic expressions, and grammatical features. Inability to master the idiom as much as possible to make us often confused in understanding a conversation or writing. To be fluent in English, not just mastery of grammar (grammar) is important, but also mastery of idiom is good and right. By using the idiom, a conversation will beautiful and 1Claudia Leah, Idioms - Grammaticality and Figurativeness, University of Oradea, p. 1, (online).URL:http://www.theroundtable.ro/Current/Language/Claudia_Leah_Idioms_Grammatical ity_and_Figurativeness.pdf, accessed on March 26th, 2013. 3 pleasant to hear, so it tends not rigid or overly formal.2 We can learn and using idiom to make our conversation more interesting. For example of idiom: Most parents back up their children to study. This idiom (back up means support)3 The English language is full of idioms (over 15,000). Native speakers of English use idioms all the time, often without realizing that they are doing so. This means that communication with native speakers of English can be quite a confusing experience.4 Idiom is the expression that can not be translated word for word by the basic meaning of words in an expression, example: look up, come in, run off. 5 English language has more than 1,000,000 words and is one of the most flexible languages in the world. It is a living language, like those other languages we use today. Understanding the lexicon of English demands is more than knowing the denotative meaning of words. It requires its speakers to have connotative word comprehension and more, an understanding of figurative language. Idioms fall into this final category.6 Idioms are pervasive. They are used in formal and informal speech, conversation and writing are part of standard speech in business, education 2 A.budi, Hendra, Fifah, Contem[orary Idiom Dictionary Kamus Ungkapan Populer Bahasa Inggris lengkap, praktis, dan terkini, Diva Press, Jogjakarta, 2008, preface 3 Heldin Manurung, Special English Idiom (Phrasal Verb & Merged Verb), Great Media, Depok, 2006, P.68 4Marcus Evans, Linguarma International, Alton UK, 2000, (online). URL:, http://www.linguarama.com/ps/technology-themed-english/what-is-an-idiom.htm, accessed on September 19th, 2014. 5 Heldin Manurung, Special English Idiom (Phrasal Verb & Merged Verb), P.1 6 Jacqueline Ambrose, Why Idioms Are Important For English., Mikolaiv State Pedagogical University, P. 180, (online). URL: http://lib.chdu.edu.ua/pdf/zbirnuku/7/37.pdf, accessed on September 19th, 2014. 4 and media. L2 learners are expected to understand a variety of common idioms, which is advantageous for those planning to work in a world that increasingly uses English as the language of communication and commerce. Whether it is working in one’s native country or in an English-speaking country, idioms are important as part of the shared knowledge among English speakers.7 Students must learn idiom to increase their vocabulary, the learner can enrich the knowledge about idiom. It can help the learner make their sentences or speaking more interesting and varied. students need to be mastered idiom to communicate with both written and oral, students, college students, teachers, journalists, and academics can use this study as a learning resource, as well as a reference when the need to find the idiom and its meaning. When people learn idioms, they can get involved into the real world. Everybody is able to speak natural English and it is the idioms in the language that give it a natural, conversational, and creative feel. So, if people want to speak English fluently, it is necessary to learn idioms in order to improve their communicative skill.8 There are two main reasons to learn common idioms: (1) when use in speaking, and sometimes writing, they show a high level of vocabulary. This is because they are natural phrases commonly used by native speakers. 7 Ibid, P. 181 8 Eliana Edith Roberto De Caro, The Advantages and Importance of Learning and Using Idioms in English,2009.p.14,(online).URL:http://dialnet.unirioja.es/descarga/articulo/3618851.pdf, accessed on March 26th, 2013. 5 Remember, when we study English, we want to sound as natural as possible, as close to a native speaker as possible. Therefore, using idioms helps us in this. (2) We can recognize them when listening to others speaking. It may be very difficult to understand native speakers, or expert users of English, when they are speaking by using idioms. Often when learners of English read, watch a movie or listen to the radio, they may misunderstand a lot of idioms are used. A good understanding of common idioms will enable learners to understand a great deal more of natural speech.9Ideally, vocabulary should not be learned in a vacuum, and this is especially true for idioms. There are a variety of idiom dictionaries for those who wish to learn more about idioms. Newspapers and magazines, radio programs, television show sand films also sources of idioms.10 There are some kind of idioms used English. They are phrasal verb, prepositional phrases, idioms with verb as keywords, idioms with noun as keywords, idiom with adjectives as keywords, and idiomatic pairs. People do not need interact directly to know the social or cultural of others. Familiarity, tribes and cultures of others can be seen from various songs. Nowadays, song has become people’s consumption. Some people like listening and enjoying song as one of the entertainment media. Some people glad to spend their money only for listening a song. They usually go to concert or buy the cassette to listen it on DVD. But the distributions of the song keep 9 Australian Centre for Education and Training (ACET), Introduction to Idioms, 2011 (online) URL: http://tuoitrenews.vn/english-study/3481/introduction-to-idioms, accessed on January 9th, 2014. 10 Jacqueline Ambrose, Why Idioms Are Important For English., , P. 182, 6 growing until today. We not only can get a song from buying DVD but also we can get it from the internet. Listening English song and read the lyric is important for improving English and learning new English words. Besides thats through song people can have fun. Christina Perri song is categorized as a good song and the most wanted song. It showed that a lot of people listen and like this song. the progress of her second studio album. Enlisting the help of a quartet of producers (Martin Johnson, Jake Gosling, John Hill, and Butch Walker), she announced details of the album, entitled Head or Heart, which was slated for release in spring 2014. Head of Heart hit the streets on April 1, 2014.11 Head of heart has 13 songs, one of them is human song. "Human" is a song by American singer-songwriter Christina Perri. The song was written by Perri and Martin Johnson, who also produced the song. It was released on November 18, 2013, and is the lead single from Perri's second studio album, Head or Heart (2014). Released to generally positive reviews, "Human" has since become a Top 10 Adult Pop hit in the United States, as well as her third top 40 entry on the Billboard Hot 100.12 It choose Christina Perri’s song to analyze idioms that might occur.
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