Index

Entries for authors are shown in italics.

A Anderson, P.G., 247, 256 Abney phenomenon, 45 anomalous trichromatism, 14, 432 Abney’s Law, 26, 449 aperture colour, 432 absorptance, 343, 449 aperture vignetting, 200 absorption co-efficient, 262 apostilb, 339, 432 acceptability of colour differences, 62 Arai, H., 287, 289 accuracy in colorimetry, 197 arctan, 51, 433 achromacy, criterion for, 300 Arend, L., 295, 322 achromatic colour, 10, 300 art restoration, 264 achromatic response, 308 assimilation, 43, 271, 433 achromatic signal, 8, 449 ASTM, 107, 115, 198, 199, 202, 210, achromatic stimulus, 45, 432 214, 215, 216, 274, 275, 280, action spectra, 7, 432 287, 289 Adams-Nickerson formula, 59 Aston, S.M., 151, 152 adaptation, 10, 65, 432 attributes of colour, perceptual, 25, 26 adaptation, incomplete, 432 Attridge, G.G., 251, 256, 293, 322 adaptation, luminance, effects of, 300 adaptation, luminance-level, 297 B adapting field, 294 B.R.E.M.A., 231, 240 adaptive colorimetric shift, 134, 432 B.R.E.M.A., phosphors, 231 adaptive colour shift, 127, 432 Baba, G., 287, 289, 292 additive mixing, 25, 432 background, 294 additivity of colour matches, 29 Bailey, J.R., 14, 16 additivity, brightness, 26 bandwidth function, 203 Adelston, E.H., 270, 290 bandwidth, 203 Albers, J., 273, 289COPYRIGHTEDBarbur, MATERIAL J.L., 14, 16 Alessi, P.J., 197, 198, 200, 216 Barkas, W.W., 277, 289 Allebach, J.P., 246, 256 Bartleson, C.J., 37, 40, 115, 151, 152, Allen, E., 226, 230 221, 222, 225, 230, 309, 322 Alman, D.H., 202, 215, 225, 230 B¨auml, K.-H., 286, 289 alychne, 432 Baylor, D.A., 297, 322 Amano, K., 127, 141 beam-landing errors in cathode-ray tube Analoui, M., 246, 256 displays, 239 Measuring Colour, Fourth Edition. R.W.G. Hunt and M.R. Pointer. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Published 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 456 INDEX Beck, J., 282, 289 Butterworth, M., 242, 255 B´eland, M.-C., 273, 289 Byk Gardner, 275, 290 Bellchambers, H.E., 151, 152 Bennett, J.M., 273, 289 C Berns, R.S., 40, 115, 118, 122, 141, 159, calculation of X,Y,Z from R,G,B 187, 194, 197, 199, 204, 205, tristimulus values, 32, 235 206, 216, 240, 264, 265, 293, 322 CAM (colour appearance model), 129, 293 Bez, H.E., 129, 142, 313, 323 CAM97s colour appearance model, 315 Bezold-Brucke¨ phenomenon, 303, 433 CAM97u colour appearance model for Billmeyer, F.W., 40, 93, 97, 115, 122, 141, unrelated colours, 331 159, 186, 187, 194, 197, 198, Cambridge (HRR) colour vision test, 14 199, 200, 202, 204, 208, 215, camera characterisation, 242, 244 216, 222, 225, 230, 281, 289 Campbell F.W., 288, 290 binary hue, 169, 433 candela per square metre, 339, 433 Birch, J., 13, 14, 16 candela, 338, 433 black-body radiators, 83, 341 candle light, 73 black-body sources, 83, 341 Capilla, P., 246, 256 blackness, 170, 433 carbon arcs, 82 Blakemore C., 288, 290 Carroll, J., 7, 13, 16 blind spot, 4 Carter, E.C., 197, 199, 216 Boddeke, F.R., 246, 256 CAT (chromatic adaptation transform), Bouma, P.J., 148, 153 131, 315 Bouman, M.A., 7, 17, 305, 308, 324 CAT02 chromatic adaptation transform, Bowmaker, J.K.,6,7,16 131, 130, 131, 134, 315 Boyce, P.R., 144, 153 CAT97, 129 Boynton, R.M., 17, 297, 322 categorical colour scaling, 151 Bradford transform, 130 cathodoluminescence, 74 Braun, K.M., 129, 141 Cayless, M.A., 97, 154 BRDF (Bidirectional Reflectance centre of gravity law of colour mixture, Distribution Function), 279 48, 234 BREMA 1969, 231, 240 CGATS, 249, 255 Breneman, E.J., 129, 141 Chantler, M.J., 284, 290, 291 bright, 9, 10, 433 chemiluminescence, 74 brightness additivity, 26 Chen, Y., 281, 289 brightness, 9, 65, 433 Cheung, V., 248, 255 brightness, correlate of, 309 Chevreul, M.E., 269, 290 brightness, stimuli of equal, 67 Chiba University, 249, 255 Brill, M.H., 31, 40 Chinga, G., 288, 290 British Standard 6923;1988, 61, 72 Cho, M., 157, 194 British Standard 950, 150, 152 Chong, T.-F., 222, 230 Brockes, A., 125, 141 Chorro-Calderon, E., 316, 323 BS 1134, 282, 289 Chrisment, A., 275, 277, 291 BS EN ISO 2813, 275 chroma, 11, 12, 53, 57, 65, 433 Budde, W., 115, 198, 200, 216 chroma, correlate of, 310 Burgt, van der P.J.M., 145, 150, 153, 154 chromatic adaptation transform (CAT), Burt, M., 288, 292 131, 315 INDEX 457 chromatic adaptation transform (CAT02), CIE DE2000 colour difference formula, 131, 130, 131, 134, 315 63, 64 chromatic adaptation transform CIE geometries of illumination and (Von Kries), 129 measurement, 105, 109 chromatic adaptation transform, Bradford, CIE Illuminant B, 92, 355 130 CIE Illuminant C, 92, 355 chromatic adaptation, 65, 294, 434 CIE Illuminants, 91, 92, 94, 355, 435 chromatic colour, 10, 434 CIE indoor daylights, 94 chromatic induction, 43, 269, 434 CIE Journal, 130, 141 chromaticity, 42, 65, 434 CIE modified two degree spectral chromaticity co-ordinates for D luminous efficiency function for Illuminants, 355 photopic vision, 39 chromaticity co-ordinates for Planckian CIE Proceedings 12th Session Stockholm, radiators, 368 39, 40 chromaticity co-ordinates for spectral CIE Publication 119:1995, 62, 71 colours, 351 CIE Publication 142:2001, 62, 71 chromaticity co-ordinates for Standard CIE Publication 159:2004, 131, 132, 141, Illuminants D65 and A, 355 293, 322 chromaticity co-ordinates for Standard CIE Publication 165:2005, 38, 40 Illuminants, 355 CIE Publication 167:2005, 207 chromaticity co-ordinates, 42, 233, 434 CIE Publication 170:1:2006, 38, 40 chromaticity diagram, 42, 434 CIE Publication 175:2006, 267 chromaticity diagrams using r and g, 233 CIE Publication 177:2007, 147,153 chromaticity relationships, 379 CIE Publication 184:2009, 96, 97 chromaticness, 170, 434 CIE Publication 191:2010, 344 Chung Fu-Lai, K., 287, 292 CIE Publication 192:2010, 94, 97 CIE (Commission Internationale de CIE Publication No. 13, 145, 153 lEclairage),´ 20, 434 CIE Publication No. 15, 15.2, 15:2004, CIE 1931 Standard Colorimetric Observer, 37, 40, 72, 94, 97, 115, 122, 33, 434 141, 200, 216, 286, 290 CIE 1964 Standard Colorimetric Observer, CIE Publication No. 17.4, 126, 141 37, 434 CIE Publication No. 51, 94, 97 CIE 1976 chroma, 53, 57, 435 CIE Publication No. 75, 39, 40 CIE 1976 colour difference formulae, 59 CIE Publication No. 80, 123, 141 CIE 1976 colour difference, 57, 435 CIE Publication No. 86, 39, 40 CIE 1976 hue-angle, 51, 57, 435 CIE research note, 279 CIE 1976 hue-difference, 59, 435 CIE S012-E:2004, 94, 97 CIE 1976 lightness, 52, 435 CIE S014-1E:2006, 38, 40 CIE 1976 saturation, 51, 435 CIE S014-2E:2006, 94, 97 CIE 1976 uniform chromaticity scale CIE S014-3E:2011, 38, 40 (UCS) diagram, 49, 435 CIE sources, 93 CIE 1994 colour difference formula, 62 CIE spectral chromaticity co-ordinates, CIE colour rendering indices, 145, 351 383, 435 CIE standard deviate observer, 122, 435 CIE colour-matching functions, 33, 122, CIE Standard Illuminant A, 91 347, 435 CIE Standard Illuminants D, 94, 355 458 INDEX CIE Standard Illuminants D, correlated colour appearance model CIECAM02, 293 colour temperatures of, 359 colour appearance model CIECAM97s, CIE standard illuminants, 435 293, 315 CIE Standard Illuminants, D, chromaticity colour appearance model for stimuli of co-ordinates for, 358 different sizes, 325 CIE Standard Illuminants, relative spectral colour appearance model for unrelated power distributions of, 355 colours, 329 CIE Standard on Colorimetric Illuminants, colour appearance model for unrelated CIE S 014-2, 94, 97 colours, CAM97u, 331 CIE Standard on Colorimetric Observers, colour appearance model, comprehensive, CIE S 014-1, 37, 40 CAM97c, 293 CIE standard photometric observer, colour appearance of objects, 267, 268 23, 436 colour blindness, 13 CIE standard scotopic photometric colour blindness, tests for, 14 observer, 20 colour constancy, 10, 117, 127, 129, 436 CIE standard sources, 93, 436 colour deficiency, 13 CIE, Compte Rendu, 12th Session, 39, 40 colour deficiency, tests for, 14 CIE, Compte Rendu, 1935, 329 colour difference formula, CIE (1976), 57 CIECAM02 colour appearance model, 293 colour difference formula, CIE (1994), 61 CIECAM02 uniform colour space, 315 colour difference formula, CIEDE2000, CIECAM97s colour appearance model, 62, 63, 69 315 colour difference formula, CMC, 61 CIEDE2000, 61, 64, 69, 71 colour difference formulae, allowing for CIELAB colour space, 55, 436 chromatic adaptation, 65 CIELAB formulae, 379 colour difference signals, 9, 299, 436 CIELUV colour space, 53, 436 colour inconstancy index (CON), 127, 134 CIELUV formulae, 379 colour matching equations, 236 City University colour vision test, 14 colour matching functions, 26, 30, 234, Clarke, A.A., 129, 142, 293, 313, 323 347, 436 Clarke, F.J.J., 61, 72, 200, 203, 216 colour mixture on chromaticity diagrams, Clarke, P.J., 198, 202, 203, 204, 216 194 CMC colour difference formula, 61 colour mixture, Centre of Gravity Law of, colorant mixtures, 257 48, 234 colorimeters using filtered photocells, 114 colour opponency, 168 colorimetric colour space, 436 colour order systems, 156, 436 colorimetric computations, 207 colour order systems, advantages, 192 colorimetric formulae, 379 colour order systems, disadvantages, 192 colorimetric purity, 67, 436 colour order systems, variables in, 155 colorimetry, errors for different types of colour pseudo-stereopsis, 15 summation, 213 Colour Quality Scale (CQS), 151 colorimetry, practical precautions in, 214 colour rendering, 143 colorimetry, precision and accuracy, 197 colour rendering index, 145, 383, 437 colorimetry, sample preparation, 198 colour spaces, 53 colorimetry, secondary standards, 203 colour stimuli, relations between, 41 Coloroid system, 182, 436 colour stimulus function, 35, 37, 437 colour appearance model (CAM), 129, 293 colour temperature, 85, 437 INDEX 459 colour vector maps, 150 Dana, K.J., 283, 290 colour vision, 1 dark, 11, 438 colour vision, models of, 293, 325, 329 Dartnall, H.J.A.,6,16 colourfulness, 9, 65, 437 Davidson, H.R., 165, 194 colourfulness, correlate of, 311 Davidson, J.G., 151, 153, 249, 256 colour-matching functions in RGB Davis, W., 151, 153 systems, 234 Day, D.C., 265 colour-matching functions, 26, 436 Day, E.A., 265 colour-matching functions, CIE, 33, 347 daylight, 89 complementary colour stimulus, daylight illuminant, 438 45, 437 daylight illuminants, 94 complementary wavelength, 45, 437 daylight locus, 85, 94, 438 Compton, J.A., 200, 216 Decononck, G., 151, 153 computer displays, 239 deconvolution formula, 210 CON (colour inconstancy index), 134 defective colour vision, 13, 438 Condax, Louis M.,50 DeMarsh, L.E., 121, 142 cone response functions, 297 density, optical, 257, 343, 438 cones, 4, 437 deutan, 51, 438 cones, spectral sensitivities of, 5, 295 deuteranomaly, 14, 51, 438 Connah, D., 248, 255 deuteranopia, 13, 51, 438 contrast sensitivity function (CSF), 288 DeValois R.L., 288, 290 conventional reflectometer, 225 device-independent co-ordinates, 242 cornea, 3 dichromatism, 14, 438 correcting errors in spectral data, 204 diffuse reflectance, 108, 341, 438 correlated colour temperature, 86, 437 diffuse transmittance, 109, 341, 438 correlated colour temperatures of D diffusing colorants, 262 Illuminants, 355 digital camera characterisation, 242 correlated colour temperatures of light digital cameras, colorimetry with, 241 sources, 96 dim, 9, 10, 438 corresponding colour stimuli, 6.13, DIN system, 179, 438 437 discounting the colour of the illuminant, Costa, L.F., 222, 230 295 Cowan, W.B., 68, 72, 239, 240 distribution temperature, 85, 439 Crawford, B.H., 5, 16, 150, 153 dominant wavelength, 44, 45, 65, 439 Cui, G.H., 287, 290 Donaldson, R., 221, 230 Cui. G., 57, 72, 242, 255, 277, 291, 315, double monochromators, 220 323, 325, 328 doubly diffuse transmittance, 109, 341, 439 D Dougherty, B., 288, 290 D illuminants, 94, 97, 437 Drew, M.S., 246, 255 D Illuminants, correlated colour temperatures of, 359 E D Illuminants, method of calculating E.B.U. phosphors, 232 spectral powers of, 374 Early, E.A., 198, 216 Dain, S.J., 14, 16 eccentricity factor, 305 Dakin, J., 242, 255, 277, 291 Eckerle, K.L., 203, 216 460 INDEX Edwards, M., 289, 290 fluorescent lamps, spectral power Eem, J.K., 246, 256 distributions of, 78, 359 efficacy, 143, 439 fluorescent whitening agents, 94 Eitle, D., 226, 230 flux, 439 electroluminescence, 74 foot-candle, 339, 439 emission, 439 foot-lambert, 339, 440 emissivity, 83, 439 Foster, D.H., 127, 141 Endoh, H., 151, 154 fovea, 4, 440 Eppeldauer, G.P., 198, 217 foveola, 4, 440 equi-energy stimulus, SE, 27, 294, 439 frequency, 3, 440 Erb, W., 115, 198, 200, 213, 216 Fu, C., 330, 334 erg, 439 Fu, K.S., 284, 291 Est´evez, O., 6, 16, 51, 72, 132, 141, full radiators, 83 296, 322 Evans, R.M., 157, 194, 271, 290 G excitation purity, 44, 46, 65, 67, 439 gamut area, 150 exitance, 439 Ganz, E., 226, 230 eye, construction of, 3 Gao, X.W., 129, 142, 313, 323 eye-camera metamerism, 244 Gardner, J.L., 198, 217 gas discharge lamps, relative spectral F power distributions of, 371 Fach, C. C.,6,16 gas discharges, 74 Fairchild, M.D., 124, 129, 141, 195, 199, gas mantles, 82 216, 287, 291, 293, 314, 322, geometric metamerism, 124 323, 324 geometries of illumination and Fairman, H.S., 31, 40, 125, 126, 141, 208, measurement, 104, 124, 199 210, 212, 216, 217 geometries of illumination and viewing, Farnsworth, D., 14, 16 103, 124, 199 Farnsworth-Munsell 100 Hue test, 14 Gerrity, A., 93, 97 Farrell, J.E., 286, 292 Gill, G.W., 316, 322 field size, 124, 294 Gloag, H.L., 178, 194 Field, G.G., 191, 194 gloss meters, 275 filtered-photocell colorimeters, 114 gloss traps, 106, 440 filter-reduction method for fluorescent gloss, 271 colours, 226 Godlove, M.N., 165, 194 filtration of projected slides, 314 Gold, M.J., 178, 194 Finlayson, G.D., 246, 248, 255 gonio-spectrophotometers, 125 Fletcher, R., 14, 16 Gonzalez, A., 283, 284, 290 flicker photometry, 23 Gonzalez, R.C., 283, 290 fluorent colours, 157 Gorzinski, M.E., 240 fluorescence, 74, 157, 219, 439 Graham, N., 284, 291 fluorescence, practical considerations, 227 Grassmann’s Laws, 29, 440 fluorescent colours, colorimetry of, 219 Gregersen, Ø., 288, 290 fluorescent lamps, 78 Gregory, Richard L., 17 fluorescent lamps, data for representative, Grum, F., 37, 40, 115, 199, 200, 217, 221, 359 222, 225, 230 INDEX 461 Guild, J., 27, 31, 40 Hunt, R.W.G., 17, 103, 115, 119, 129, G¨unay, M., 242, 255 130, 141, 142, 144, 151, 153, 155, 194, 232, 239, 240, 265, H 271, 290, 293, 297, 303, 305, half-tone images, 262, 286 310, 311, 313, 314, 315, 322, Halstead, M.B., 147, 150, 153, 154 323, 324, 330, 331, 334 Han, B., 287, 290 Hunter Lab system, 187 Hanselaer, P., 151, 153 Hunter, R.S., 187, 194, 271, 275, 280, 290 Hanson, A.H., 198, 216 Hurlbert, A.C., 151, 153 Haralick, R.M., 285, 290 Hurvich, L.M., 4, 16, 294, 309, 323 H˚ard, A., 170, 194 Hutchings, J.B., 279, 282, 290, 291 Hardeberg, J., 248, 255 Harlow, A.J., 14, 16 I Harold, R.W., 271, 273, 280, 290, 291 IEC 61966-2-1:1999, 232 Harper Gilmour, W., 289, 290 Ikeda, K., 129, 142 Hashimoto, K., 124, 142, 151, 153, illuminance, 340, 441 293, 324 illuminant colorimetric shift, 134, 441 illuminant metamerism index, 122 haze, 280 illuminant metamerism, 122 Healey, G., 248, 256 illuminant spectral power distributions, Helmholtz, H.v., 168 355 Helmholtz-Kohlrausch effect, 23, 440 illumination level, effect of, 127, 300 Helson, H., 129, 141 illumination with white light for Helson-Judd effect, 143, 440 fluorescent colours, 221 Hemmendinger, H., 31, 40, 165, 194, illumination, geometries of, 103, 104, 200, 216 124, 199 Henderson, S.T., 97, 150, 153 Imai, F.H., 265 Hering, E., 168, 170 Imura, K., 227, 230 hertz, 440 incandescence, 74 Hesselgren, S., 155, 170, 194 incandescent light sources, 82, 368, 340 Hofer, H., 7, 13, 16 indigo, 2 Holst, G.C., 243, 256 indoor daylight CIE Illuminants, 94 Hong, G., 244, 245, 246, 256, 325, infrared, 3 326, 328 integrating spheres, 104, 441 Houston, K.L., 295, 323 intensity, 441 Hsia, J.J., 281, 292 interpolation formulae, 208 hue, 9, 65, 440 iris, 4 hue composition, 306 irradiance, 340, 441 hue quadrature, 306, 441 Ishihara test, 14 hue, correlates of, 305, 306 ISO 4467, 282, 291 hue, criterion for constant, 299 isotropic, 102, 342, 441 hue-angle, 51, 53, 57, 65, 305 Ito, M., 130, 142 hue-difference, 57 hues, unique, 168, 302 J hues, unique, criteria for, 302 Jacobson, R.E., 251, 256, 293, 322 Hunt effect, 303, 441 Jagla, W., 39, 40 462 INDEX J¨agle, H., 39, 40 LCDs (Liquid Crystal Displays), 202 Jain, A.K., 284, 292 LEDs (Light Emitting Diodes), 88 Jameson, D., 294, 309, 323 Lee, R.L., 247, 256 Jerome, C.W., 145, 153 Lee, W., 247, 256, 287, 291 Ji, W., 277, 287, 291 lens, of the eye, 3 Johansson, T., , 170 Leroux, T., 275, 277, 291 Johnson, G.M., 287, 291 Lester, A.A., 199, 216 joule, 441 Li, C., 57, 72, 151, 153, 157, 194, 248, Juan, L.Y., 313, 323 255, 277, 291, 293, 313, 314, Judd correction, 39, 40, 441 315, 316, 323, 324, 325, 326, Judd, D.B., 1, 16, 40, 115, 129, 141, 145, 328, 330, 334 153, 165, 183, 194, 203, 217, Li, X., 157, 194 271, 275, 290 light (adjective), 11, 441 Julesz, B., 284, 287, 291 light emitting diodes, 88 light exposure, 340, 441 K light sources, 73 Kaiser, P.K., 68, 72 light, methods of producing, 74 Kang, H.R., 247, 256 light, speed of, 3 Katoh, N., 130, 142 Lighting Handbook, 97 Keegan, H.J., 203, 217 lightness, 11, 52, 65, 442 kelvin, 83, 441 lightness, correlate of, 308 Kemenade, van J.T.C., 145, 150, 153, 154 lime light, 82 Kim, H.S., 246, 256 Lindstrand, M., 279, 291 Kim, J., 157, 194 linearity of photodetectors, 202 King, P.A., 239, 240 Ling, Y., 151, 153 Kirchner, E., 287, 291 Lo, M.-C., 129, 130, 142, 293, Kitaguchi, S., 287, 288, 291 323 Knoblauch, K., 17, 275, 277, 291 loss of colour vision, 128 Koenderick, J.J., 283, 286, 290, 291 Lovibond, J.W., 190 Komatsubara, H., 129, 142 Lovibond-Schofield Tintometer, 191 Konda, A., 273, 291 Lu, S.Y., 284, 291 Koszty´an, Z.T., 198, 217 lumen, 338, 442 Krystek, M., 86, 97, 115, 198, 213, 216 lumen per square foot, 339, 442 Kubelka, P., 263, 265 lumen per square metre, 339, 442 Kubelka-Munk function, 263 luminance, 23, 65, 340, 442 Kuehni, R.G., 118, 125, 141, 142, 195 luminance adaptation, effects of, 297 Kuo, W.-G., 129, 130, 142, 293, 313, 323 luminance factor, 35, 41, 65, 339, 341, 342, 442 L luminance, calculation from illuminance, Lagrange interpolation formula, 208 339 Lam, C.C., 287, 292 luminance-level adaptation, 300 Lam, K.M., 130, 132, 142, 226, 246 luminescence, 219, 442 lambert, 339, 441 luminescence-weakening method for Land, E.H., 11, 16 fluorescent colours, 226 Landy, M. S., 284, 291 luminescent luminance factor, 342 Larkin, J.A., 203, 205, 217 luminescent radiance factor, 220, 342 INDEX 463 luminous, 35, 340, 442 McCann, J.J., 11, 16, 295, 324 luminous efficacy, 340, 339, 442 McDonald, R., 61, 72, 115, 262, 264, 265 luminous efficiency functions, spectral, 19, McGunnigle, G., 284, 290, 291 21, 343, 345 McKee, S.P., 295, 324 luminous efficiency, 339, 340, 442 McLaren, K., 2, 16, 61, 72, 115, 125, 142 luminous efficiency, photopic, 21 measurement of optical properties, 267 luminous efficiency, scotopic, 19 memory colours, 151 luminous exitance, 340, 442 Merbs, S.L., 6, 13, 16 luminous flux, 337, 338, 340, 442 mercury lamps, 76 luminous intensity, 340, 443 mesopic photometry, 343 luminous reflectance factor, 35 mesopic vision, 5, 443 luminous terms and units, 340 metameric colour stimuli, 117, 443 Luo, M.R., 57, 72, 129, 130, 142, 151, metameric colours, 117, 126 153, 157, 194, 242, 244, 245, metamerism, 38, 117, 244 246, 255, 256, 277, 279, 287, metamerism in practice, 119 288, 291, 293, 310, 313, 314, metamerism in practice, 119 315, 316, 323, 324, 325, 326, metamerism index for change of field size, 328, 330, 334 124 LUTCHI colour-appearance data, 313 metamerism index for change of lux, 338, 443 geometry, 124 Lynes, J.A., 144, 153 metamerism index for change of illuminant, 122 M metamerism index for change of observer, MacAdam, D.L., 115, 157, 187, 194 122 MacBeth ColorChecker chart, 151 metamerism index of potential, 126 MacDonald, L.W., 293, 310, 323 metamerism index, 443 MacPherson, L.M.D., 289, 290 metamerism, cause of, 117 macula lutea, 4, 443 metamerism, definition of, 118 Malkin, E., 203, 205, 217 metamerism, degree of, 121 Maloney, L.T., 248, 256 metamerism, geometric, 124 Maplesden, N., 242, 255 metamerism, perceived, 119, 126 Marcus, H., 151, 153, 249, 256 metamerism, psychophysical, 119 Marcus, R.T., 197, 217 metamerism, terms used in connection Marin-Franch, I., 127, 141 with, 126 Markou, M., 282, 285, 292 metamers, 38, 117, 126 Marsden, A.M., 97, 154 millilambert, 339, 443 Marshall, P.J., 239, 240 Minato, H., 221, 230 Martinez-Verd´u, F., 246, 256 mireds, 96 matching stimuli, 26 mireks, 96 matching stimuli, choice of units for, models for predicting colour appearance, 27, 233 293, 325, 329 matching stimuli, choice of, 231 Mohammadi, M., 264, 265 matching stimuli, specification of, 27, 231 Mollon, J.D.,6,7,8,16,17 Maxwell, J.C., 168 monitors, characterization of, 239 McCamy, C.S., 151, 153, 155, 194, monochromat, 13, 443 249, 256 monochromatic stimuli, 27, 443 464 INDEX monochromatism, 13, 443 Newton, Isaac, 1 monochromators, double, 220 Nezamabadi, M., 264, 265 Morgan H., 288, 290 Nickerson, D., 159, 165, 183, 187, Mori, L., 129, 142 194, 195 Moriyama, T., 151, 154 Nicodemus, F.E., 279, 291 Morley, D.I., 147, 153 Nimeroff, L., 122, 142 Moroney, N., 293, 314, 323, 324 nit, 339, 444 Morovic, P., 248, 255 Nobbs, J.H., 64, 72, 262, 265 Motta, R.J., 240 non-diffusing colorants in a transmitting Mullikan, J.C., 246, 256 layer, 257 multiple linear regression, 206 non-diffusing colorants in optical contact multi-spectral analysis, 264 with a reflecting diffuser, 259 Munk, F., 263, 265 non-self-luminous colour stimulus, Munsell Book of Colour, 165 101, 444 Munsell Chroma, 162 Noorlander, C., 286, 291 Munsell colours for CRI, spectral data, North, A.D., 124, 141 383 nuance, 178 Munsell Hue, 160 Munsell Notation, 165 O O’Connor, M., 178, 195 Munsell Renotation, 165 Obein, G., 275, 277, 291 Munsell System, 159, 308, 443 observer metamerism, 122, 444 Munsell Value, 159 obtaining tristimulus values, 99 Munsell, A.H., 159 Ohno Y., 151, 153 Ohno, S., 130, 142 N Ohta, N., 124, 142 Nadel, M.E., 198, 216 Okumura, Y., 264, 265 Naghshineh, S., 13, 16 opponent hues, 10, 168, 303 Nakabayashi, K., 130, 142 optic nerve, 3 Nanjo, M. , 221, 230 optical axis of the eye, 3, 4, 444 nanometre, 3, 443 optical brightening agent, 66, 94, 219, 444 Nascimento, M.C., 127, 141 optical contact, 259 Nathans, L., 9, 13, 16 Optical Society of America (OSA) system, Natural Colour System (NCS), 170, 303, 183, 444 308, 311, 443 optimal colour stimuli, 157, 444 Nayar, S.K., 283, 290 optimized weights for calculating Nayatani, Y., 124, 130, 142, 151, 153, tristimulus values, 210 221, 230, 293, 294, 324 OSA system, 183, 444 NCS (Natural Colour System), 170, 303, Oskoui, P., 130, 142 308, 311, 443 Owens, H., 288, 291 NCS atlas, 172 Ozturk, L.D., 192, 195 Neitz, J., 7, 13, 14, 16 Neitz, M., 7, 13, 14, 16 P Nemcsics, A., 182, 194 Palmer, D., 147, 153 neuron, 8, 443 Palmer, D.A., 26, 40 Newhall, S.M., 165, 194 Pantone system, 191 Newman, T., 293, 314, 323, 324 parameric colours, 126, 444 INDEX 465 Park, D., 325, 328 precision in colorimetry, 197 Park, J.M., 246, 256 protan, 51, 445 Park, S.O., 246, 256 protanomaly, 13, 51, 445 Park, Y., 148, 153 protanopia, 13, 51, 445 pearlescence, 125, 444 proximal field, 294, 445 perceived metameric colours, 126 psychophysical metamerism, 119 perceptibility of colour differences, 61 Pujol, J., 246, 256 perceptual attributes of colour, 11 pupil, 4 perfect diffuser, 34, 102, 200, 342, 444 purity, 44, 67, 445 Perrett, D., 288, 292 purity, colorimetric, 67, 70 Petersen, K.H., 197, 204, 205, 206, 216 purity, excitation, 44 Pfund, A.H., 274, 292 Purkinje phenomenon, 5, 22, 446 Phillips, D.G., 225, 230 purple boundary, 43, 446 phosphorescence, 74, 219, 444 purple colours, 127 photoluminescence, 74, 219, 444 purple stimulus, 43, 446 photometric terms and units, 337, 338 photometry, 99, 100, 337 Q photon, 444 quantum, 446 photopic spectral luminous efficiency quantum exitance, 340, 446 function, 22 quantum exposure, 340, 446 photopic spectral luminous efficiency, 337 quantum flux, 338, 340, 446 photopic vision, 4, 39, 445 quantum intensity, 340, 446 physical detectors for radiometry and quantum irradiance, 340, 446 photometry, 227 quantum radiance, 340, 446 Pinney, J.E., 121, 142 quantum terms and units, 340 Pirotta, E., 130, 142 Planck’s law, 83, 445 R Planckian locus, 83, 85, 445 r,g chromaticity diagram, 233 Planckian radiators, 83, 341, 445 radiance factor, 35, 108, 220, 341, Planckian radiators, chromaticity 342, 447 co-ordinates for, 368 radiance, 340, 446 Planckian radiators, relative spectral radiant, 35, 219, 340, 447 power distributions of, 368 radiant efficiency, 339, 447 Plant, G.T., 14, 16 radiant exitance, 340, 447 point brilliance, 340, 445 radiant exposure, 340, 447 point source, 39, 445 radiant flux, 252, 338, 340, 447 Pointer, M. R., 151, 153, 157, 159, 194, radiant intensity, 340, 447 195, 251, 256, 277, 288, 291, radiant power, 99, 338 293, 316, 322, 323, 324, 330, radiant reflectance factor, 219 334 radiant terms and units, 340 Poirson, A.B., 286, 292 radiation sources, 254, 340 Pokorny, J., 6, 16, 17, 296, 324 radiometer, 100 polarization, 200 radiometric terms and units, 337, 338 Potter, F.R., 272, 292 radiometry, 99 power, 445 RAL system, 191 Prazdny, K., 284, 289 receptors, retinal, 4 466 INDEX redness-greenness, 303 rod contribution, 308, 330 Reeves, A., 295, 322 rods, 4, 448 reference illuminant, 144 room colours, 325 reference whites, 102, 200, 294 R¨osch, S., 157, 195 reflectance factor, 35, 41, 108, 220, 341, Rosenfeld, A., 284, 289 342, 447 Rowell, N., 240 reflectance, 35, 108, 341, 447 Ruddock, K.H., 13, 16 reflected luminance factor, 342 Ryckaert, W.R., 151, 153 reflected radiance factor, 342 reflection, 35, 103, 341, 447 S reflection, terms for measures of, 35, 341 Saltzman, M., 115, 187, 194, 200, 217 reflection, total internal, 259 sample preparation, 198 reflectometer value, 220, 341 Sato, M., 287, 291 regular reflectance, 341, 447 saturation, 12, 51, 65, 180, 448 regular reflection, 103, 200, 447 saturation, correlate of, 311 regular transmission, 447 Saunderson equation, 264 regular transmittance, 341, 447 Saunderson, J.L., 264, 265 related colour, 12, 65, 329, 448 scattering co-efficient, 262 relations between colour stimuli, 41 Schanda, J.D., 198, 217 relative colour stimulus function, 5, Schappo, A., 129, 142, 293, 313, 323 37, 448 Schleter, J.B., 203, 217 relative spectral power distribution, Schofield, S.K., 191, 195 35, 448 SCOT-Munsell system, 193 relative spectral power distributions of scotopic luminance, 20 illuminants, 355 scotopic luminance, method of estimating, Reniff, L., 204, 216 330 resting rate, of nerve signal, 8 scotopic luminous flux, 338 retina, 4, 448 scotopic spectral luminous efficiency, retinal receptors, 4 19, 337 retinal receptors, spectral sensitivities of, scotopic vision, 4, 448 5, 295 Scrivener, S.A.R., 129, 142, 293, 310, Retinex theory, 11 313, 323 reverse chromatic adaptation transform secondary standards, 203 (CAT02), 133 Seim, T., 293, 297, 324 reverse CIECAM02 model, 320 self-luminous colour, 12, 101, 448 RGB colorimetry, 231 S`eve, R., 277, 279, 292 Rhodes, P.A., 129, 142, 242, 244, 245, shadow series, 181, 448 246, 255, 256, 293, 313, 323 Shao, S., 287, 292 rhodopsin, 5, 448 Sharma, G., 256 Rich, D.C., 200, 217 Sharma, M., 285, 292 Richter, M., 179, 195 Sharpe, L. T., 6, 16, 39, 40 Rigg, B., 61, 72, 130, 151, 153, 242, 255 Shen, H.-L., 287, 292 Ripamonti, C., 256 Shi, M., 248, 256 Robertson, A.R., 60, 72, 86, 97, 145, 153, Shimuzi, M., 151, 153 155, 195, 204, 217 Shin, H.K., 199, 216 Robson J.G., 288, 290 Shioiri, S., 151, 154 INDEX 467 signal transmission, visual, 8 spectrophotometry, 101, 108 Simmons, D.R., 289, 290 spectroradiometers, 100, 108 Simon, F.T., 225, 230 spectroradiometry, 100, 101 simultaneous contrast, 43, 269, 448 spectroradiometry of non-self-luminous Singh, M., 282, 285, 292 colours, 101 Singh, S., 282, 285, 292 spectroradiometry of self-luminous Sivik, L., 170, 194 colours, 101 Smet, K., 151, 153 spectrum locus, 43, 450 Smith, K.B., 272, 292 spectrum, 1 Smith, V.C., 6, 16, 296, 324 specular reflection, 103, 200 Snodderly D.M., 288, 290 SPEX, 106 Sobagaki, H., 124, 129, 130, 142, 293, 324 Spillman, W., 155, 195 sodium lamps, 75, 128 SPINC, 106 solid angle, 20, 448 spreading effect, 271, 450 sources of radiation, 340 Sproson, W.N., 232, 240 sources, measuring and desired, correcting Stainsby, A.G., 147, 153 for differences between, 222 standard deviate observer (SDO), 122 spectral chromaticity co-ordinates, 351 Standard Illuminant A, 91, 355 spectral conventional reflectometer value, Standard Illuminants D, 93, 355 220, 221, 449 Standard Illuminants D, correlated colour spectral data, correcting for errors in, 204 temperatures of, 355 spectral density, 258 Standard illuminants, 91 spectral, 341, 448 Standard Illuminants, D, chromaticity spectral locus, 43 co-ordinates for, 355 spectral luminescent radiance factor, 220, Standard Illuminants, relative spectral 342, 449 power distributions of, 355 spectral luminous efficiency functions Standard Observer, CIE, Colorimetric, based on brightness matching, 39 1931 (2◦), 33, 347 spectral luminous efficiency functions, 345 Standard Observer, CIE, Colorimetric, spectral luminous efficiency, 20, 21, 39, 1964 (10◦), 33, 347 345, 449 standard observer, CIE, photopic spectral luminous efficiency, 449 photometric, 21 spectral power distribution, 35, 449 standard observer, CIE, scotopic spectral power distributions of illuminants, photometric, 19 355 standard photometric observer, 21 spectral radiance factor, 220, 449 standard scotopic photometric observer, 19 spectral reflectance factor, 35, 449 standard sources, 91, 93, 355 spectral reflectance, 35, 449 Stearns, E.I., 209, 210, 217 spectral reflected radiance factor, 219, 449 Stearns, R.E., 210, 217 spectral sensitivities of the cones, 5, 296 Stephan, K.W., 289, 290 spectral total radiance factor, 220, 342, steradian, 20, 450 449 Stevens effect, 301, 450 spectral transmittance factor, 449 Stevens, S.S., 300, 324 spectral transmittance, 449 Stiles, W.S., 7, 31, 37, 40, 86, 97, 115, spectral weighting functions, 19 165, 179, 187, 195 spectrophotometers, 101, 108 Stiles-Crawford effect, 4, 450 468 INDEX Stockman, A., 6, 16, 39, 40 translucency, 279 Stokes’ law, 223, 450 translucent blurring, 200 stray light, 202 transmission, 331, 341, 451 strong, 12, 450 transmission, terms for measures of, 341 subtractive mixing of colorants, 25, transmittance factor, 35, 41, 341, 257, 450 342, 451 successive contrast, 43, 268, 450 transmittance, 35, 341, 451 Sung, C.-H., 6, 13, 16 transmitting diffuser, 34, 102, 342 surface reflection, 261 transparency, 280 surface texture, 281 Trezona, P.W., 26, 40 surround, 294 triangular window of bandwidth function, Suziki, K., 287, 292 209 Swedish Standard, SS 01 91 02 (1982), trichromatic matching, 26, 451 173, 195 tristimulus values, 28, 66, 233, 451 Swenholt, B.K., 157, 194 tristimulus values, calculation of, from spectral data, 34, 111, 207, 393 T tristimulus values, correcting for Tait, C.J., 129, 142, 293, 313, 323 inequalities of, 125 Tait, D.M., 14, 16 tritan, 51, 451 Takahama, K., 124, 130, 142, 293, 324 tritanomaly, 14, 51, 451 Taplin, L.A., 264, 265 tritanopia, 13, 51, 451 Taylor, T.H., 295, 324 troland, 340, 451 tele-spectroradiometers, 100 Tuceryan, M., 284, 292 tele-spectroradiometry, 450 tungsten lamps, 86 television displays, 101, 239 tungsten-halogen lamps, 87 television gamuts, 60 turbidity, 280 Terstiege, H., 94, 97, 227, 230 two-mode method for fluorescent colours, texture, surface, 281 225 thermochromism, 199, 450 two-monochromator method for third degree polynomial interpolation fluorescent colours, 224 formula, 208 Thomson, M.G.A., 245, 256 U Thornton, W.A., 144, 145, 150, 153, 154 U*V*W* space, 54, 145 Tiddeman, B., 288, 292 u,v diagram, 49, 451 Tighe, B.J., 277, 292 u,v diagram, 49, 451 Tingle, W.H., 272, 292 ultraviolet, 3 tint, of whites, 66, 450 uniform chromaticity diagram, 48, 452 Tintometer, The, 190, 231 uniform colour space, 53, 315, 452 total internal reflection, 259 unique hues, 10, 168, 303, 452 total spectral radiance factor, 220, unique hues, criteria for, 303 342, 450 unitary hues, 10, 452 transformation equations, 32, 235, 451 units for photometry, 337, 338 transformation from R,G,B to X, Y, Z, units for radiometry, 340 32, 235 units in colorimetry, 27, 233 transformation from X, Y, Z to R,G,B, unrelated colour, 12, 65, 329, 452 235 unrelated colours, model for, 329 INDEX 469 V white light, illumination with, for V(l) function, 21, 337, 452 fluorescent colours, 221 V (l) function, 19, 337, 452 white point, 452 Valberg, A., 17, 293, 297, 324 white point (colour appearance), adopted, Valeton, J.M., 297, 300, 324 reference, 294, 296, 300, 308, Van der Burgt, P.J.M., 145, 150, 153, 154 309, 310, 313, 316, 320, 452 Van Der Feltz, G., 246, 256 whiteness, 66, 170, 453 Van Ginneken, B., 283, 290 whites, reference, 100, 102, 200, 294 Van Kemenade, J.T.C., 145, 150, 153, 154 Whitfield, T.W.A., 178, 195 Van Norren, D., 297, 300, 324 Whitten, D.N., 297, 322 Van-Viet, L.J., 246, 256 Wightman, T.E., 199, 217 Venable, W.H., Jr., 203, 210, 212, Williams, D.R., 7, 13, 17 216, 217 Verrill, J.F., 198, 203, 205, 216, 217 Willmouth, F.M., 271, 279, 292 Vi´enot, F., 275, 277, 291 Wiltshire, T.L., 178, 195 viewing, geometries of, 103, 124, 199 Witt, K., 179, 195 visual axis, 3, 452 Woods, R.E., 283, 290 visual clarity, 144 Wright, W.D., 27, 31, 40, 48, 72, 115, 155, visual fields, 294 195, 271, 292 VM(l) function, 39, 337 Wu, W., 246, 256 Voke, J., 14, 16 Wyszecki, G., 1, 16, 37, 40, 86, 97, 115, Von Kries transformation, 130, 452 165, 179, 187, 195 Von Kries, J.A., 129, 142 X W x,y diagram, 42, 453 Wald, G.,5,16 xenon lamps, 81 Walraven, P.L., 7, 17, 305, 308, 324 Xiao, K., 325, 326, 328 Wandell, B.A., 17, 248, 256, 286, 289, 292 Xin, H.J., 129, 142, 287, 292, Wang, Y., 6, 13, 16 313, 323 Wardman, R.H., 203, 205, 217 Xu, B., 287, 292 Ware, C., 68, 72 Warren, M.H., 129, 141 Y watt, 452 Y tristimulus value, 41 wavelength calibration, 202 Yaguchi, H., 151, 154 wavelength, 2 Yano, T., 151, 153, 293, 324 weak, 12, 452 yellow spot, 4, 453 Webber, A.C., 280, 292 Weidner, V.R., 281, 292 yellowness-blueness, 303 weight (of a colour), 178 Young, I.T., 246, 256 weighting functions, spectral, 19 Young, T., 168 weights for computing tristimulus values, Yurow, J.A., 122, 142 393 Weitz, C.J., 6, 13, 16 Z Westland, S., 245, 247, 248, 255, 256, 287, zero level, 202 288, 291 Zhang, X., 286, 292 Wharmby, D.O., 115, 198, 217 Zhao, Y., 264, 265