STRATEGIC RESEARCH AND EXTENSION PLAN OF VAISHALI DISTRICT

Under the Guidance of BIHAR AGRICULTURAL MANAGEMENT EXTENSION TRAINING INSTITUTE (BAMETI) Rajendra Agriculture University, Bihar, Pusa, Samastipur & MANAGE, Hyderabad

2006-07

FOREWORD

A new Centrally Sponsored Scheme “Support to State Extension Programme for Extension Reforms is being implemented through Agricultural Technology Management Agency (ATMA) in 11 districts of Bihar in addition to 4 earlier Project Districts under NATP to revitalize the extension services in the State. ATMA has been created in each of the districts to implement the new scheme. The institution of ATMA has facilitated bringing together researchers, extension workers, other stakeholders and farmer who are the principal stakeholder to carry out joint diagnostic action and prepare and carry out plan in terms of whether it is extension or the demonstration or trials for the research purposes. The preparation of District action plan in tune with local needs and situations. To perform this responsibility, ATMA has developed a demand driven, situation specific multi agency oriented Strategic Research & Extension Plan (SREP). This is the basic document that spells out the goals to be pursued, programme service to be accomplished, mode of implementation and effective utilization of all available resources.

The SREP has been prepared in consultation with the farmers taking into consideration, their needs and aspirations through Participatory Rural Appraisal methodology (PRA). The programme proposed to be undertaken in the SREP is demand driven, agro-eco situation specific and multi disciplinary in nature.

I extend my sincere thanks to the Project Director, ATMA and district heads of all departments in coordinating their efforts in bringing out this valuable document. I appreciate the technical feedback and guidance provided by the Scientists of Rajendra Agriculture University and the Facilitators of MANAGE, Hyderabad in the preparation of this document. I hope this document would go a long way in developing a cost effective and sustainable farming system and shall facilitate the farming community in achieving increased prosperity.

N.S. Madhavan Agriculture Production Commissioner Govt. of Bihar

Acknowledgement

The SREP published by BAMETI, Patna is compilation of facts and realistic assessment of the agricultural scenario and identifies developmental gaps so that it could be used as basis for technical planning of agricultural development programs. I am thankful to the Ministry of Agriculture & Cooperation, Govt. of India and Department of Agriculture, Vaishali for his guidance and explicit support in establishing and Operationalization of ATMA in the district. It will be little to say thanks to the gigantic effort of Director, BAMETI, Dr. K.M. Singh in getting to the conclusion of SREP Preparation of the district. His continuous encouragement and technical advice on complex problems during SREP preparation has helped us to come out with this document. He always shared his experience which helped us in prioritizing the issues in this document. I consider it my privilege to thank Dr. O.P. Agnihotri, Failitator, MANAGE, Hyderabad for his kind encouragement and support in the preparation of the SREP. The training imparted to the AES Team by Dr. O.P. Agnihotri and Sri Anil Jha has helped in collection of data from the Representative Villages by the members of the team. I thank them for the pains he took in conveying the requirements of this process. I am thankful to the National Facilitators of MANAGE Mr. Somesh Kumar for seeing through the SREP and checking the data as collected after PRA exercise. The Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Sabour has been a great support for identifying research priorities and preparation of research strategies of ATMA programmes in the district. I sincerely thank and acknowledge the immense help extended by Dr. P.K. Singh, Programme Coordinator, Mr. Anil Kumar, Kumari Anupma, Research Associate, KVK, Hariharpur, Vaishali in preparation of the SREP. The help rendered by Mr. Nageshwar Thakur, District Horticulture Officer, Vaishali, Mr. Shiv Shankar Arya, General Manager, DIC, Vaishali , Mr. J.P. Singh, District Fisheries Officer, Mr. Viveka Gayasen, DDM, NABARD, Vaishali, Dr. P.K. Singh, District Animal Husbandry Officer, Vaishali is humbly acknowledged. The unfailing support rendered by the Deputy Project Director, Mr. Girendra Mohan Kumar, Sri Binodh Kumar Assistant Agriculture Officer ( Botany) DAO Office, Vaishali, Sri Shyam Kishor Thakur , Alawalpur, Bhagwanpur , Sri Awadesh singh, Ghoshwar, hajipur Sri Dwarik Sahani, pahitiya, hajipur Sri Abhay nath singh Sectary Jagriti Kala Kendra pachdamiya, lalganj has been a source of great help. For this, I whole heartedly thank him for assisting me in preparation and processing of data and identifying key research and extension activity for the district.

Ganesh Ram DAO-cum-Project Director ATMA, Vaishali

INDEX

CHAPTER CONTENTS Pg. No. I Introduction II Methodology III Background Information of the District IV Description of Ongoing Extension & Development Schemes of the District V Identification, Description & Analysis of Existing Farming System in each AES VI Proposed Extension Strategies VII Proposed Research Strategies VIII Activity Schedule of Extension Strategies IX Activity Schedule of Research Strategy X Baseline Data & Vision

Chapter 1 Introduction

Agricultural extension has a crucial role to play in the context of growing demands of agricultural production in a sustainable manner. Reforms in the system envisage an extension service more broad- based and holistic in content and scope, thus beyond agricultural technology transfer. Its normal task of transferring and disseminating appropriate technologies and agronomic practices would not be sufficient. Extension agencies, services and functionaries will need to exercise a more proactive and participatory role, serve as knowledge information agents, initiating and facilitating mutually meaningful and equitable knowledge based transactions among primary producers, agricultural researchers and trainers. All this needs to be done in an effective and cost efficient manner.

ATMA is mandated to develop a demand driven, situation specific, multi-actor oriented Strategic Research and Extension Plan (SREP) to accelerate agricultural development in the project district. The SREP is the basic document, which not only guides the development activities that are needed to be carried out, but also the manner in which and by whom it has to be done.

The need for reforms in Agricultural Extension has been explicitly raised in the National Agriculture Policy; the report of Expenditure Reforms Commission as well as the Tenth Plan Approach paper. Keeping the recommendations of these policy initiatives in view, and to provide policy directives for extension reforms, a broad Policy Framework for Agricultural Extension (PFAE) has been developed by the Ministry of Agriculture.

The five Major Guiding Elements of the Policy Framework are as follows: 1. Reforming Public Sector Extension. 2. Promoting private sector to effectively complement, supplement and wherever possible to substitute public extension. 3. Augmenting Media and Information Technology Support for Extension. 4. Mainstreaming Gender Concerns in Extension. 5. Capacity Building/ Skill up-gradation of farmers and extension functionaries.

“Support to State Extension Programmes for Extension Reforms” is the main scheme to operationalised agricultural extension reforms across the county. Under the scheme, funding support shall

be provided to the States/ UTs for undertaking extension reforms within the broad purview of the PFAE, complying with its key areas/ norms, and shall be operated based on Extension Work Plans prepared by them.

Strategic Research and Extension Plan (SREP): During the last decade a number of management tools have been developed which are helpful in facilitating farmer involvement in an effective manner. Based upon these tools a participatory methodology has been worked out for preparing SREP at the district level. The ultimate objective of both research and extension system is to increase agricultural production. Formulating extension and research agenda based on producers’ requirement results in technology that will be more acceptable to users. This also helps in allocation of resources to both extension and research activities to be taken up in the district. Therefore, the Strategic Research and Extension Plan (SREP) for each district is the need of the hour to address specific problems of the farming community, especially resource poor and other disadvantaged groups.

What is strategic planning? Strategy is defined as a pattern of purposes, policies, programs, action, decisions or resource allocations that define what an organization is, what it does, and why it does it. Strategies can vary by level and by time frame. Strategic planning is a management task concerned with the growth and future of an organization. Its job is to ensure that the organization keeps moving in the right direction. The following are some of the characteristics of strategic planning:  A process in which the stakeholders of an organization (and others they invite to be associated to) join in strategic thinking and acting to create the best fit between the organization and its environment  It is planning from outside in and from inside out.  It gives detailed attention to strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats in terms of the organization, its mission, its vision and its environment  It has to agree to the mission of the organization  It should be in harmony with the organization’s vision that is carefully developed and shared by the stakeholders  Hopefully, it yields a strategic and implement able plan that constitutes the best fit between the external environment and internal capabilities. In brief strategic planning is  What is intended to be achieved in future?

 How to get there?

It involves fundamental choices about  Organization’s mission or goal to purpose,  Programme and services to offer to accomplish the goals  How to mobilize and utilize the needed resources, people, money, expertise and facilities etc.

Why strategic planning? Strategic planning  Serves as a road map for the organization  Lends a framework for systematic handling of operational decisions  Lays down growth objectives of the organization and also provides strategies needed for achieving them  Ensures the organization remains a prepared organization  Ensures that the organization takes care of needs of the stakeholders  Ensures best utilization of the organizations resources  Serves as a coping mechanism against uncertainty arising from environmental change  Helps the organization to understand trends in advance and provides the benefit of a lead-time for taking crucial decisions and actions.  Helps avoid haphazard response to environment  Provides the best possible fit between the organization and the external environment.  Helps build competitive advantages and core competencies  Draws from both intuition and logic  Prepares the organization to not only face the future but even shape the future in its favour

Need for strategic planning in agricultural development The present mechanism of planning and implementation of agriculture and allied development programmes is centralized in nature. This top down approach focuses on individual commodities / enterprises rather than on a holistic / integrated approach. It is ad-hoc in nature and does not involve all actors. The farmers are considered as receivers of benefits rather than as responsible persons who can influence the production process. To address the aforementioned issues, under “Extension Reforms Scheme”, ATMA of each district is required to develop a Strategic Research and Extension Plan (SREP) by involving all stakeholders.

The development and use of SREP would help in the following aspects:  Get an overview of the prevailing scenario in the district  Explore and understand the problems and opportunities in different farming systems, preference and priorities of the farming community  Facilitate long-term visioning and strategic planning for agricultural development in the district in a concerted manner  Facilitate involvement of all actors at different levels in the development process and, in the long run, share the load on the public extension system  Facilitate integration of and redesigning the on-going developmental programmes for the benefit of the farmers  Development of annual action plans for each block in respect of the prevailing Agro-Ecological Situation  Develop farmer centered market oriented extension research management system.

Chapter III METHODOLOGY

Vaishali district was selected as one of the eleven districts for establishing of ATMA under Support to State for Extension Reforms Programme in Bihar. An autonomous society under the name of Agricultural Technology Management Agency (ATMA) was registered on 28-04-2006 to carry out the project activities in collaboration with different line departments like Agriculture, Horticulture, Animal Husbandry, Fisheries, along with the local Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Vaishali, COMFED, NGO’s, and representative of various stake holders of the agricultural production system. The strategic research and extension plan for Vaishali was prepared following the participatory methodology to reflect the issues, needs and expectations of farming community. The main steps followed for preparation of Strategic Research and Extension Plan (SREP) are as follows:

SELECTION OF MEMBERS OF DISTRICT TEAM The selection of District Team representing different government development departments like Agriculture, Animal Husbandry, Dairy, Fishery, Cooperative, Representative of NGO and Scientists from Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Vaishali working in Vaishali district was done to provide them with basic training/orientation about the concept of ATMA & its SREP.

TRAINING OF DISTRICT TEAM The Training of Team Of Farm Advisors (TOFA) leading to SREP preparation was conducted successfully at RAU, Pusa, Samastipur in which two (2) participants comprising of Project Director and Deputy Project Director had participated. The training programme was designed with the help of MANAGE facilitators. Inductive method of learning was followed as a training process. Besides conceptual clarify on ITD relevant management tools, of techniques and methodological approaches were discussed at length. For each and every tools brainstorming, group discussions and dummy exercises at village was taken to make the participants very clear on the subject so that the SREP could be made more meaningful. These selected officers and scientists of District Team were trained on various theoretical aspects by the resource persons from MANAGE, Hyderabad on the following : A. -Management tools and techniques such as: a. A Systematic Approach (ASA) b. Team Building c. Participatory Rural Appraisal d. Farming Situation Based Extension (FSBE)

e. Integrated Nutrient Management (INM) f. Gender Participation g. Integrated Pest Management (IPM) h. Indigenous Traditional / Technical Knowledge (ITK) i. Documentation of Success story j. Discussion on different formats and questionnaires k. Steps and Participatory Procedure for preparation of SREP B. - The Workshop was having the following objectives: 1. To orient ATMA, Vaishali participants. 2. To know about roles and responsibilities of Team of Farm Advisors (TOFA). 3. To delineate the major Agro Ecological Situations (AES) of Vaishali district. 4. To build up the TOFA team for participatory probing and collection of primary issues and information from the representative AES villages. During the workshop in addition to giving inputs on basic concepts of SREP and expectations from the Centrally Sponsored Scheme of Support to State for Extension Reforms component of the project; task cycles were taken up to sensitise the members and take stock of the following: 1. Present organizational structure and personnel available at district, block and village level. 2. Major roles and responsibilities at each level. 3. Infrastructure available, with the line departments. 4. Various schemes implemented by line departments along with budget and specific objectives. 5. Existing coordination mechanism and linkages among line departments. , 6. Present role, expected role and expectations of different actors under ATMA were also classified. 7. The participants suggested the effective organisational structure and co-ordination mechanism for achieving the overall objectives of ATMA.

IDENTIFICATION OF MAJOR AGRO-ECOLOGICAL SITUATIONS (AES) Vaishali district falls under the Agro Climatic Zone III B. On the basis of important factors like topography, type of soil, rainfall, types of crops grown the sources of irrigation and flooding characteristics three different Agro-ecological Situations (AES) were identified within Vaishali district for preparation of situation specific, farmers-demand oriented SREP. IDENTIFICATION OF REPRESENTATIVE VILLAGES FOR EACH AES During the course of the training three major Agro Ecological Situations (AES) were identified and representative villages based of various agro-ecological factors were identified.

TRAINING OF AES TEAMS: During 2nd, September to 6th September, 2006 training programme for AES team Members were organized at Farmer’s Training Centre, Karimganj, Vaishali. This training programme was to enable AES Team Members to carry out survey for collection of Data and information in a participatory manner for preparation of SREP. The Resource Persons were from MANAGE, Hyderabad. The members were trained on the various theoretical aspect such as:  Concepts and Principles of Reforms in Extension  Participatory tools / techniques (PRA, FSA, FSBE etc.)  Sustainability issues – IPM, INM, SRM, NRM, ITK, etc  Marketing and processing information  Identification of success stories  Checklist / format for collection of data and information (primary and secondary)

IMPORTANT INFORMATION FOR DIFFERENT TEAMS DURING FIELD VISITS FROM 7th September to 11th September 2006. The selection of representative village was done after thorough discussion among the team members and selection of village was done keeping in view that the village should reflect broadly the farming system and farming situation of the AES.

Table 2.1: AES and village selected for participatory data collection. Name Representative of Name of AES Name of Block Village ACZ 1 AES 1 Diara Raghopur Saidabad AES 2 Upland to Mid land Bhagwanpur Sisauni Prabodhi AES 3 Chaur Mahnar Karnauti Lowland Water logged area

FORMATION OF MULTI DISCIPLINARY GROUPS For each AES, multi-disciplinary group consisting of 7 members from trained TOFA and AES team members were drawn from different line departments and NGOs and these groups were entrusted with collection of primary information from the representative villages using PRA techniques and participatory

methods for the preparation of SREP. The formats devised by MANAGE for the collection of field data through participatory method were also given to each AES team members. COLLECTION OF SECONDARY INFORMATION Secondary information used for preparing the SREP were collected from different governmental publications, and also from the records of the District offices of Agriculture, Horticulture, Animal Husbandry, Dairy, Fishery, Cooperative Departments, Lead Bank Office, NABARD, Regional Office, DRDA, District Statistical Office, NIC, and office of the Agricultural Production Commissioner, Bihar.

COLLECTION OF PRIMARY INFORMATION Field exercises were conducted in the selected representative villages of each AES of Vaishali district where members of the multi-disciplinary group identified issues, collected data and information during 2nd to 6th September 2006. The three AES team took altogether twenty days in collection of field data up to presentation of initial findings. The team spent five days in the villages in single phase (5 days) and judiciously used the participatory tools for the collection of field data. The primary data collected during field practical was checked with various groups in the villages through triangulation as well as verified with other sources like secondary data collected from the departments.

Two days review, verification and sharing of data among the all three AES team members were organized at Vaishali.

All AES teams adopted a procedure to present the data/information collected by them to the villagers in the village before coming out from the village for final consolidation and sharing of information with the villagers

The collected data was summarized and presented by each AES team in presence of senior officers from all concerning departments, district heads of all departments, and farmers’ representatives from each selected village. Some of the AES teams again visited the villages for rechecking the data and missing links. CONCURRENT REVISION AND VERIFICATION OF DATA The primary data collected during field practical were checked with various farmer groups in the village through triangulation and verified from information available from published sources and from different governmental departments. Some of the critical issues were also discussed with scientists and other villagers.

SUMMARIZATION AND PRESENTATION OF DATA A core team comprising of ten members from the AES teams facilitated by the Facilitator, MANAGE and BAMETI facilitators undertook the job of tabulation, analysis of data collected by various AES teams and preparation of first draft of SREP to be presented in AGB, ATMA, Vaishali completed in two weeks. The data from each of the representative village collected by the respective group were discussed in detail with the scientists of KVK, Vaishali before their summarization and draft conclusions were prepared for presentation before the farmers, scientists, officers of different line departments and the AGB and AMC members of ATMA, Vaishali. During the presentation of SREP, emphasis has been given on diversification, value addition, agro-processing, post harvest management of the produce, public-private partnership, formation of FIG, developing a committed army of service providers and marketing aspects so as to make the SREP for Vaishali a useful document not only for the different stake holders but also for all the others who are interested in the overall development of agriculture in Vaishali district. The District Core Team and Facilitators involved in SREP drafting with a vision and mission of leading Vaishali district farmers included the following: 1. Dr. K.M.Singh, Director, BAMETI 2. Dr. O.P. Agnihotri, National Facilitator, MANAGE 3. Sri Anil Jha, National Facilitator, MANAGE 4. Sri Somesh Kumar, National Facilitator, MANAGE 5. Mr. Ganesh Ram, Project Director, ATMA, Vaishali 6. Dr. P..K. Singh, Programme Coordinator , KVK, Hariharpur, Vaishali 7. Dr. Parmod Kumar Singh, District Animal Husbandry Officer 8. Sri Nageshwar Thakur , District Horticulture Officer 9. Sri Jai Prakash District Fisheries Officer 10. Mr. Girendra Mohan Singh, Dy. Project Director, ATMA, Vaishali 11. Mrs Anupma Kumari T.A. KVK, Hariharpur, Vaishali 12. Dr. Anil Kumar Singh T.A. KVK, Hariharpur, Vaishali 13. Dr. Diwakar Chatarjee T.A. KVK, Hariharpur, Vaishali 14. Dr. Veena Shahi T.A. KVK, Hariharpur, Vaishali

Developing District Extension Work Plan by District Core Team While strategies are long-term in nature, activities are systematic steps to achieve these strategies. On going departmental activities were dovetailed and the missing links were to be supported by ATMA. Each Strategy is translated into a set of activities, which spell out the size of unit, total units required, in respect of cafeteria of activities as given under guidelines by Ministry of Agriculture & Cooperation, Govt. of India.

Approval of SREP After thorough scrutiny by the ATMA Governing Board with constituent official and farmer members the SREP was submitted for approval as authenticated plan document. This document forms the basis for agricultural development in the district. Further it helps ATMA to put forth its demand before Government of India to release funds.

Preparation and Implementation of Action Plans Keeping in view the strategic thrust in SREP, block action plans were prepared by AES Members to facilitate technology dissemination using innovative process like exposure visits, trainings both technological and managerial, demonstrations, field days, IT support etc. through the farmer groups. Simultaneously a research action plan consisting of on-farm trials and front line demonstrations was prepared and carried out in support of the research strategies spelt out in SREP by the Scientists of KVK to assess and refine the existing generalized technologies.

Information and Communication Support A conscious effort has been promulgated to promote information and communication support to the farming community to keep abreast of latest developments regarding weather, market intelligentsia, and package of practices and sharing of success stories.

Role of MANAGE, Hyderabad National Institute of Agricultural Extension Management (MANAGE), Hyderabad the premier institute in the field of agricultural extension has been providing technical back up to the Centrally Sponsored Scheme under Support to State Extension Programme for Extension Reforms. Further, continuous interaction with National Consultants through frequent telephonic conversation has been beneficial for preparing the manuscript. The constant efforts put forth by Director, BAMETI and Project Directors of ongoing ATMA’s has been source of inspiration.

Chapter 3 Background Information of the District

The district of Vaishali came in to existence on 12/10/1972. Earlier it was the part of old Muzzafarpur district. Vaishali has a past that pre-dates recorded history. It is held that the town derives its name from King Vishal, whose heroic deeds are narrated in the Hindu epic Ramayana. However, history records that around the time Pataliputra was the centre of political activity in the Gangetic plains, Vaishali came into existence as centre of the Ganga, it was the seat of the Republic of Vajji. Vaishali is credited with being the World's First Republic to have a duly elected assembly of representatives and efficient administration. The Lord Buddha visited Vaishali more than once during his lifetime and announced his approaching Mahaparinirvana to the great followers he had here. Five years after the Enlightenment in Bodh Gaya, Lord Buddha came to Vaishali, the capital of one the first republican states in the Ganga, Vaishali is bound by the hills of Nepal on the north and the river Gandak on the west. Hundred years after he attained Mahaparinirvana, it was the venue of the second Buddhist Council. According to one belief, the Jain Tirthankar, Lord Mahavir was born at Vaishali. The Chinese travelers Fa-Hien and Hieun Tsang also visited this place in early 5th and 7th centuries respectively and wrote about Vaishali.

The Lichchavi nobility came to receive the Enlightened One with a cavalcade of elephants and chariots bedecked with gold. As the Lord set foot on the soil of Vaishali, lightning and thunder followed by a heavy downPoor purged the plague-infected city. The Buddha preached the Ratna Sutra to those assembled, and eighty-four thousand people embraced the new faith. It was also at Vaishali that Amrapali, the famous courtesan, earned the respect of the Sangha and a place in history, with her generous donations. The neighbouring village of Amvara is said to be the site of Amrapali's mango grove. Once when the Lord was visiting Vaishali, Amrapali invited him to her house and the Lord graciously accepted the offer. An overjoyed Amrapali, returning on her chariot, raised a cloud of dust. The Lichchavi princes going to meet the Buddha got enveloped in the dust and learnt of the Buddha's forthcoming visit to her house. The Lichchavi princes wanted to exchange Amrapali's honour for one hundred thousand gold coins. Amrapali steadfastly refused their offer and after the Buddha's visit to her house she was purged of all impurities. She gifted her mango grove to the Sangha. Amrapali joined the order after realising the transitory nature of all things, including beauty. A kilometre away is Abhishek Pushkarini, the coronation tank. The sacred waters of the tank anointed the elected representatives of Vaishali. Next to it stands the Japanese temple and the Vshwa Shanti Stupa (World Peace Pagoda) built by the Nipponzan Myohoji sect of Japan. A small part of the

Buddha's relics found in Vaishali have been enshrined in the foundation and in the chhatra of the Stupa. Near the coronation tank is Stupa 1 or the Relic Stupa. Here the Lichchavis reverentially encased on of the eight portions of the Master's relics, which they received after the Mahaparinirvana. In the north is the Site Museum. It has an excellent collection dating from 3rd century BC to 6th century AD. The terracotta monkey heads in different styles are interesting. The Site Museum is open daily from 9 am to 5 pm. It is closed on Fridays. Entry is free. After his last discourse the Awakened One set out for Kushinagar, but the Lichchavis kept following him. Buddha gave them his alms bowl but they still refused to return. The Master created an illusion of a river in spate which compelled them to go back. This site can be identified with Deora in modern Kesariya village, where Ashoka later built a stupa. Ananda, the favourite disciple of the Buddha, attained Nirvana in the midst of the Ganga outside Vaishali. Geographical Location The District is located at 25° to 30° North latitude and 84° to 85° east longitude. The District is surrounded by river Ganga in south, Gandak in west. District Muzaffarpur is in north & Samastipur in East. The District is in semi tropical Gangetic plane. The state capital Patna is linked with famous Mahatma Gandhi Setu. The District is spread over 2036 sq km area. Govt's Administrative Set-up There are three sub divisions and 16 Blocks in the District. The District has 1638 revenue villages and 291 Gram panchayats. Traditionally the District was divided into 11 C.D. Blocks but five more Blocks were created during last decade. A few of the newly created Blocks are still in the formation process. The newly elected Panchayati Raj is enthusiastic to play important role in the District.

TableNo.1-A: General features of the Vaishali District. TABLE - 1 A

GENERAL FEATURES OF VAISHALI DISTRICT, BIHAR

Information 0 No. of Average Rainfall (in mm) and rainy days Temperature ( C) Relative Humidity (%) revenue 2006 2004 2005 Geograp- village Actual Actual Actual 2002 2003 2004 2002 2003 2004 Sl. Name of the No.of Gram hical rain fall rain fall rain fall No Block Panchayats Area (ha) No. of Avg. rain Avg. rain No. of Avg. rain No. of rain Min- Min- Min fall fall rainy fall rainy Min-Max Min-Max Min-Max y Max Max Max in mm in mm days in mm days day s 1. Hajipur 15686 26 150 - N.A N.A N.A N.A N.A 5-46 6-46 4-47 2. Lalganj 15143 21 160 515.1 N.A N.A N.A N.A N.A 4-47 5-46 6-45 3. Bhagwanpur 11828 21 118 - N.A N.A N.A N.A N.A 5-46 4-46 4-46 Vaishali 12681 16 1085.9 4. 182 27 728.2 47 7-46 4-47 8-45

5. Patedhi Belsar 7416 9 97 - 53 642.4 49 391.6 40 4-47 3.5-47 4-47 6. Bidupur 11454 24 78 533.6 568.5 38 4.5-46 4.4-46 4-47 7. Raghopur 22280 20 115 785.00 56 N.A N.A N.A N.A 4.5-47 5-47 5-47.5 8. Mahua 14003 24 144 229.5 4-47 3.5-46 4.2-47 9. Rajapakar 7597 13 205 - 51 711.2 61 600 34 3.8-46 4-45 4-46 10. Patepur 25657 32 231 629.3 39 888.3 42 552.6 35 6-45 8-45 7-46 11. Garaul 9878 16 - 13 Jandaha 15032 23 210 - N.A N.A N.A N.A N.A 8-46 7-48 9-44 14 Mahanar 9989 14 124 - N.A N.A N.A 588.3 42 6-45 7-44 5.5-46 Sahdai 8674 13 339.4 15

16 Desri 4999 14 624.00 District Total 333 2897 - 49 745.7 45 550.2 41 3.8-47 3.5-47 5-47.5  The data of the blocks are combined.

Table: 1-B : INFORMATION ON OCCURENCE OF DROUGHT / FLOODS. Occurrence of Year in Livestock % of farm families Name of the block drought / which Severity % Cropped mortality affected flood / effected M / S / area affected (No. of animals) cyclone VS Raghopur Flood 2001 Mild 0.026/0.012 0.100 0.500 Hajipur 0.000/0 0.00 0.000 Goraul 0.012/0.005 0.023 0.420 Bhagwanpur 0.000/0 0.060 0.281 Jandaha 0.011/0.433 0.080 0.212 Patepur 3.00/3.00 0.002 1.150 Mahua 0.862/0.862 0.120 1.412 Lalganj 0.000/0 0.0 0.004 Vaishali 0.004/0.004 0.002 0.010 Raghopur Flood 2003 Mild 0.2415 1.0200 1.9000 hajipur 0.0013 0.0199 0.0877 Bidupur 0.0014 0.0051 0.0650 Mahanar 0.3700 0.1000 1.1500 Sahadai 0.0800 0.0710 1.0050 Jandaha 0.0010 0.0007 0.0034

Patepur Flood 2004 Mild 0.0416 0.090 0.809 Vaishali 0.0010 0.000 0.003 * M= Mild; S= Severe, VS=Very Severe

Table No.2-A:

Spread of AES in the District Vaishali

Sl % of % of B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B No Area Geogr. Nam Geogr. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Name of the (ha) Area e of Area area of 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 of the AES the distt. ACZ (ha) A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A dist. ACZ -1 7 1 5 1 1 5 1

North west I 16437 8.25 5 2 7 2 0 5 5

1. alluvial plain 199148 100 7 5 3 3 6 6 Zone-1 Bihar 0 7 0 0

1 1 9 7 7 1 6 1 21 1 7 5

II 155316 78.00 3 1 1 4 2 1 8 0 03 1 5 6

5 2 3 1 9 8 3 8 6 6 9 1

6780 9490 9980 5 1 5 6 2 2 1 7 7 7 3 4999 3 7 8 7 2 1 9 3 1 3 4 3 2 34 3

III 27395 13.75 5 2 0 6 3 6 1 5 21 1

6 7 0 1 6 2 3 8 6 0 6 3 0 1 2 6 9

Note: AES-I….B1=LALGANJ AES-II…..B1=HAJIPUR B10= JANDAHA AES-III B1= HAJIPUR B2=VAISHALI B2= LALGANJ B11= RAJAPAKAR B2= BIDUPUR B3=HAJIPUR B3= VAISHALI B12= SAHDAIB3= SAHDAI B4= RAGHOPUR B4= BELSAR B13= DASARI B4= MAHNAR B5= BIDUPUR B5= GARAUL B14= MAHNAR B5= JANDAHA B6= SAHADAI B6= BHAGWANPUR B15=DIDUPUR B6= PATEPUR B7=MAHANAR B7= CHAHARAKALA B16= RAGHOPUR B7= MAHUA B8= MAHUA B8= GARAUL B9= PATEPUR B9= VAISHALI

B10= LALGANJ

Table No: 2-B. Representative village for each Agro-Eco situation for the district

Sl. No. Name of the Agro- Name of the Agro- Blocks covered Representative climatic zone (ACZ) ecological situation village (AES) ACZ Lalganj, Vaishali, Hajipur, 1 North west alluvial plain I Raghopur, Bidupur, Saidai, Saidabad Zone Mahnar Hajipur, Lalganj, Vaishali, II Belsor, Garaul, Bhagwaonpur, Chahrakala, Sisauni Parbodhi Mahua, Patepur, Jandaha, Rajapakar, Saidai, Dasri, Mahanar, Bidupur, Raghopur Hajipur, Bidupur, Saidai, III Mahnar, Jandaha, Patepur, Karnauti Mahua, Garaul, Vaishali, Lalganj

Table No. 3-A: Production And Productivity Of Important Commodities Enterprise-Wise For The Vaishali District.

Name of the 1990 1995 2000 2005 Commodity A Y P A Y P A Y P A Y P Kharif Paddy 77634 15.72 122041 62590 17.67 11596.53 63982 19.74 126338 58209 15.95 34634.3 Maize 22528 13 29286 26118 18.2 47541.4 18234 19.41 35403 19082 17.98 34309.34 Arahar 9995 8 7964 4500 9.12 4107.84 4678 8.23 3851 4870 9.56 4655.7 Rabi Wheat 65086 16.09 104788 60200 16.0 96320 65100 23.47 152853 68706 22.12 151977 Maize 11537 28 32304 15025 21.83 32819.66 19574 22.12 43308 14956 32.77 49010.8 Gram 2515 11.1 2793.67 2107 8.0 1686 384 8.4 322.5 Mustaod 8610 7.43 64.05 9868 6.4 6316 3577 6.0 2146.2

Table 3-B : DETAILS ON CROPS AND CROPPING SYSTEMS IN THE VAISHALI DISTRICT (2005-06)

Name of the Crops (area in ha.) Cropping system Bloks Paddy Kharif Wheat Rabi Mustard Moong maize Maize HAJIPUR 3560 1252 4381 1902 230 787 Paddy+ wheat LALGANJ 4350 880 4305 1841 190 1237 Paddy+ maize BHAGWANPUR 2890 660 2765 1671 155 687 Paddy+ oil seed VAISHALI 5200 1515 4143 1726 195 1487 Paddy + pulses BELSAR 3500 950 2653 1411 130 687 Paddy+ maize+ moong BIDUPUR 2780 880 2111 1801 200 937 RAGHOPUR 1060 1902 5118 2421 200 1687 MAHUA 4450 1392 4759 1972 190 1537 RAJAPAKAR 2800 991 3065 1451 150 687 PATEPUR 9600 2082 9240 2341 280 1657 GARAUL 6800 1617 4363 1812 200 1187 CHEHRAKALA 3400 1000 1975 1661 140 687 JANDAHA 3720 1425 6432 2111 200 1625 MAHANAR 3290 1020 2195 1932 210 1587 SAHDAI 2700 1369 1402 1608 190 937 DESRI 1900 1065 1093 1339 140 587

Table 3-C – Information on Livestock Status in the Vaishali District.

Cows Buffalos Goats Poultry

67216 91415 171200 63288

Table No.4-A: Information on Infrastructure facilities under various departments.

S.No Type of Infrastructure Utility No/Area Capacity Presen t status AGRICULTURE 1. 1 - Working 2. 1 - Working 3. 16 - Working 4. 1 - Working 5 8 - Working

6. 2 - Working 3 - NonWor king 7. 1 - Working ANIMAL HUSBANDRY 1. 1 - Working 2. 16 - Working 3. 1 - Working 4. 16 - Working 5. 16 - NonWor king FISHERIES 1. Disstt. Fisheries Officer (rented) Fisheries Development 1 - Working 2. Fisheries inspector Fisheries Development 8 - Working Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Hariharpur 1. Research Station of Banana (SAU) Banana Research NonWor king HOTICULTURE 1. Disstt. Horticulture officer(Govt) Horticultural 1 - Working Development 2. Sub div Horticulture officer (Govt.) Horticultural 1 - Working Development 3. Horticulture inspector Horticultural 1 - Working Development

TABLE 4-B: ORGANIC INPUTS USED IN THE DISTRICT. S.N Year Type of Input Sources of Quantity used % Of area % of farmers using o. (last 3 years) availability covered (ha) organic manure - 2005-06 Vermicompost, Bio Pvt .Input, Dealer/ 26 2000 .1%, .5%,.01% Fertilizer , FYM Farmer - 2004-05 Vermicompost, Bio Pvt .Input, Dealer/ 5 1200 0.1%, 0.5%,0.01% Fertilizer , FYM Farmer - 2003-04 Vermicompost, Bio Pvt .Input, Dealer/ 3 800 0.05% Fertilizer , Farmer

Table: 4-C – CROPS PRODUCED UNDER ORGANIC FARMING

Name of the Organic No. of AES blocks produce Crop Area Production farmers Ha % Tons % No. % I Patadhi Safed musali, Belsor, lumen roots II hajipur, III Bhagwanpur, mahnar, mahu

Table: 4-D: DETAILS ON MEDICINAL, AROMATIC AND OTHER MINOR FOREST BY PRODUCE 2004-05 Area in Production in Productivty Crop Organic Inorganic ha. M. Tons/ Ha. M. Tons/ Ha. Aromatic crops lemon grass ok - 25 .062 .0248 mentha - 4 .8 .2 Medicinal crops Safed musli ok - 6 5 .83

Table No.5A: Demographic Information for the Vaishali District Workers No. Name of the % of Male Female Agri. Non.-agri Categories No. Block Population Literacy No. No. Male Female Male Fem SC ST OBC/Gen. ale HAJIPUR 230282 56.9 121694 108588 52772 26 177484 LALGANJ 173856 49.0 89932 83924 39633 408 133815 BHAGWANPUR 62213 53.3 84457 77756 32346 - 129867 VAISHALI 146364 49.4 75140 71224 26256 461 119647 BELSAR 74461 47.9 38038 36423 17464 - 56997 BIDUPUR 207421 55.2 109099 98322 39162 154 168105 RAGHOPUR 187722 33 101407 86315 30635 1251 155836 MAHUA 218344 51 113240 105104 48231 3 170110 RAJAPAKAR 120221 52.8 62365 57856 27544 71 92606 PATEPUR 282845 42.5 146150 136695 61662 150 221033 GARAUL 135502 50.9 69680 65822 27866 44 107592 CHEHRAKALA 100828 45.6 51421 49407 20353 163 80312 JANDAHA 207837 49.9 106575 101262 44768 50 163019 MAHANAR 106670 52.1 54845 51825 23357 - 83313 SAHDAI 99459 52.5 51927 47532 20090 78 79291 DESRI 77741 51.3 40826 36915 16888 24 60829

Table No. 5-B: Information on operational land holdings

Operational holding (number and area in acre) > 2 Ha. 1-2 Ha. < 1 Ha. Name of the No. of Area No. of Area No. of Area District holdings holdings holdings Vaishali 11263 36532 24214 32252 439643 84401

Table No.6-A: Information on Land use pattern in the Vaishali District.

Name of Geographical Area Cultivatab Cultivate Cultivabl Curre Forest Land Land Barre he block le Area d Area e waste nt Reserv Open Pastur put to under n & Fallo ed e non misc. uncul w agri. plantatio turab use n le land HAJIPUR 15686 11586 11156 30 - - - - 4530 - - LALGANJ 15143 10622 10231 18 - - - - 4912 - - BHAGWANPUR 11828 8028 7678 41 - - - - 4150 - - VAISHALI 12681 9562 9273 81 - - - - 3408 - - BELSAR 7416 5781 5742 39 - - - - 1674 - - BIDUPUR 11454 8854 8718 21 - - - - 2736 - - RAGHOPUR 22280 18714 18079 135 - - - - 4201 - - MAHUA 14003 8883 8557 20 - - - - 5446 - - RAJAPAKAR 7597 6240 6045 22 - - - - 1552 - - PATEPUR 25657 20977 20621 28 - - - - 5036 - - GARAUL 9878 7427 7306 18 - - - - 2572 - - CHEHRAKALA 6831 4096 4074 12 - - - - 2757 - - JANDAHA 15032 11466 11301 35 - - - - 3731 - - MAHANAR 9989 7011 6979 15 - - - - 3010 - - SAHDAI 8674 7420 7392 12 - - - - 1282 - - DESRI 4999 3510 3476 18 - - - - 1523 - -

Table No. 6-B: INFORMATION ON SOILS FOR THE VAISHALI DISTRICT (Area in Ha)

Name of the block Black Red Soil Sandy Soil Sandy looms Others AES Area % Area % Area % Area % Area % I Diara 75 25 II Upland to medium 10 20 70 land (looms) III Chaur 85(Calyee looms )/ 15 ( looms)

TABLE – 6C – INFORMATION ON PROBLEM SOILS IN THE VAISHALI DISTRICT S.No. Problem Soil Area in Extent of severity ha. Very Severe Mild Severe 1 Saline ok Ok 2 Alkaline 2489 ok 3 Acidic 4 Soil erosion 5 Iron Toxicity 6 Micro-nutrients deficiency 7 Water logged condition 27387 ok 8 Others

Table No. 7A: Information on rainfed and irrigated area in the Vaishali District Sl. Name of the Rainfed Source of Irrigated Major Medium Minor N. block area (ha) % Irrigation area % P A % P A % P A

HAJIPUR 2000 55 Tanks/Tube/ 1822 Borewell LALGANJ 16863 48 Kanal/ Tube/ 32583 barbing BHAGWANPUR 3316 47 Tanks/Tube/ 3612 Borewell VAISHALI 4317 52 Lift 3612 Irrigations BELSAR 2504 53 Tube/ 2301 Borewell/ Lift Irrigations BIDUPUR 1129 27 Tank/ Tube/ 6921 Borewell RAGHOPUR 2736 22 Tube/ 83 Borewell MAHUA 2485 44 Tanks 3120 RAJAPAKAR - - Canal/ Tube/ 3575 Borewell PATEPUR 31920 46 Tube/ 3672 Borewell GARAUL 2405 43 Tank/ Tube/ 3020 Borewell CHEHRAKALA - - Tube/ 3017 Borewell JANDAHA 702 - Tube/ 18086 Borewell MAHANAR 1340 52 Tank/ Tube/ 1278 Borewell SAHDAI 2361 42 Tank/ Tube/ 3127 Borewell DESRI 2403 46 Tank/ Tube/ 2708 Borewell a. % - share of the total area under irrigation b. P - Potential area of the project c. A – Actual area irrigated d. Conversion of tanks to percolation tanks if any?

Table No.7B: Information on irrigation projects nearing completion

Sl. Type of the Name of the project Blocks covered Area irrigated (ha) No project * Projected Actual . Ganga nala drainage Scheme 25600 - Drainage (Gandak Project ) All Minor irrigation project

TableNo.8-A : Information on research and extension development activity in the Vaishali District (2005-06)

Sector(Central Requirement of the Sl. Allocation of the year Surplus / State / scheme No. Name of the Scheme district) Extn. Research Extn. Research AGRICULTURE MMM - - - - - Integrated Cereal - - - - - Development Programme Integrated Pest Management - - - - - 1. Central Nutrient Management - - - - - Programme Farm Mechanization - - - - - Special Jute Development - - - - - programme ISOPOM - - - - - Oil Seed Development - - - - - Programme 2. Central Pulses Development - - - - - Programme Maize Development - - - - - Programme Support to State for 3. Central - - - - - Extension Reforms HORTICULTURE 1. Central National Horticulture Mission - - 19254600 - - ANIMAL HUSBANDRY Artificial Insemination 1. Central - - 45375 - - Programme 2. State Milk Production Programme - - - - - FISHERIES 1. State Establishment of FFDA - - - - - 2. Central NSDP - - - - -

TableNo.8B : Information on research and extension development activity in the district (2005- 06) Department /SAU/ZRS/KVK/NGO

Sl. Sector(Central / state Name of the scheme Requirement of the Allocation of the year Shortfall No. / district) scheme / Surplus Extn. Research Extn. Research 1 Central AICRP - - - - - (Jute Development} 2. Central ICAR - - - - - (Krishi Vigyan Kendra) 3. Central Macro Management - - - - - Mode 4. Central ISOPOM - - - - - 5. Central National Horticulture - - - - - Mission 6. Central Support to State for - - - - - Extension Reforms 7. State Milk Production - - - - - Programme 8. State Establishment of FFDA - - - - - 9. Central NSDP - - - - -

 Separately for each organization  Constraints as recorded by the department

Table No.9-A: Information regarding markets for the Vaishali District

Sl. Periodicity Important Commodity No. of No. Name of the Name of the (weekly / commoditie wise quantity Area farm block market daily) s handled handled covered families centre (annual) inQtl. (ha.) covered

1. Mahua Parsaunia daily Vegetable 1.80 lakh 2000 300 Mirzanagar Vegetable 1.30 Lakh 1800 250 daily Daugra hat Vegetable 0.7 lakh 650 100 Thrice in Weak Madhaul Hat Dairy Animals 4 500 Weakley 2. Bhagwanpur Sarai Dairy Animals Tawas in Weak Sarai Kirana, Tawas in Weak Vegetable 3. Garaul Gaudia hat Vegetable 3 250 Daily 4. Patepur Bharakhara , Vegetable 2 100 Thrice in Weak, suki Mango 1200 5000 Daily (Season) 5. Chahra kala Sahan hat Vegetabele 3 200 Daily 6. Hajipur Gaudari Daily Kirana, Vegetable Harauli Water melon 600 3000 Daily (Season) Jadhua Banana 2000 3000 Daily (Season) 7.

Table – 9-B: Public–Private Partnership in Market related initiatives in the Vaishali District

Type of Partners Activity Volume Value of partnership I II III undertaken of trade trade Terms of (Tons) (in Rs.) reference

NA ------

NA ------

NA ------

Table –9-C: Movement and Flow pattern of Different Commodities from regulated markets to the Vaishali District.

Name of Quantity (volume) of the Value of the trade in Rs. the commodity Market Committee trade in Qtls. Inflow Outflow Inflow Outflow

Mustard oil M.P

Rice Panjab

Fertilizer Bokato, UP, uday pur Bokato, Cement, Irene

Coal Dhanbad, jhariya

Plastic, Machinery Patna

Steon Chip Jharkhand

Table No.9-D – Information on Market Infrastructure facilities available in the Vaishali District

S.N Name of Name of Type of Location of Commodities Capacity (MT) Tariff if o the the service facility handled any Location structure* offered Installed Used 1. Patepur Cold Storage Storage Chiknauta Potato, 1 unit - - Bhauro khara Tobacco 2. Mahua Cold Storage Storage Mahua, Potato 2 Unit, 1 - - Kushahar Wheat, unit Fertilizer, Sugar 3. Rajapakr Cold Storage Storage Ranipokhar Potato 1 unit - - 4. Hajipur Cold Storage Storage Hajipur Potato, Fertilizer, Sugar 5. Bhagwanpur Storage Storage Sarai Tabacco, Rice, Fertilizer, Sugar, Space 6. Garaul Storage Storage Garaul Mastered oil, Fertilizer

Table No.10: Information on Agro-processing facilities available in and outside the Vaishali District but serving the need of the district.

Sl. Name of the Location of the Commodities Type of Capacity No block processing unit Name processed processing Installed In use/Annum Patepur Bhaurkhara, Water Medic anal & 60 tan harpur hari distillation aromatic plant

Mahnar Momahadpur Water Medic anal & 50 tan distillation aromatic plant

Garaul gaurigama Rice

Table No.11-A: List of credit institutes in operation for Agriculture and allied sector in the Vaishali District

Type of credit Organization and amount distributed in a year Coop Banks LD Banks Nationalized Banks( Commercial ) Sl. Name of the No of No. of Amount No of No. of Borrower Amount No. of No. of Amount No blocks branc Borrower (in branc (in lakhs) branc Borrower (in hes ST M L lakhs) hes S MT LT hes ST MT LT lakhs) T T T HAJIPUR 1 1 13 56 10.90 LALGANJ 1 7 25 1.01 BHAGWANPUR 8 31 5.00 VAISHALI 1 4 10 14.17 7 BELSAR 1 19 2.90 BIDUPUR 2 15 1.93 RAGHOPUR 2 63 12.78 MAHUA 1 1 4 25 1.19 RAJAPAKAR 2 33 10.96 PATEPUR 4 59 5.31 GARAUL 7 38 5.66 CHEHRAKALA 4 80 10.65 JANDAHA 1 1 6 75 10.80 MAHANAR 1 3 18 10.35 0 SAHDAI 7 90 12.21 DESRI 6

Regional Rural Banks Private Banks Others Total All the banks Name of No. of No. of Amount No.of No. of Amount No. of No. of Amount No. of No. of Amou No. of No. of branches creditors branches creditors branches creditors branches creditors nt farmer farmers the blocks s not covere covered d HAJIPUR 7 6.46 6 LALGANJ 2 1.90 - BHAGWAN 2 0.65 - PUR VAISHALI 3 - - BELSAR 3 1.80 2 BIDUPUR 5 3.20 10 RAGHOPU 4 6.98 - R MAHUA 5 7.48 10 RAJAPAKA 6 9.39 - R PATEPUR 5 4.20 - GARAUL 8 9.01 5 CHEHRAKA 4 4.89 - LA JANDAHA 6 8.70 - MAHANAR 6 3.06 - SAHDAI 10 5.00 2 DESRI 1

ST = Short term loan MT= Medium term loan LT = Long term loan

11-B. INFORMATION ON CREDIT EXTENDED BY OTHER THAN LOCAL BANKS

Sl. Name of the SHG’s Associations No. block No. of Amount No. Of Amount Others farmers farmers HAJIPUR LALGANJ BHAGWANPUR VAISHALI BELSAR BIDUPUR RAGHOPUR MAHUA RAJAPAKAR PATEPUR GARAUL CHEHRAKALA JANDAHA MAHANAR SAHDAI DESRI

Table No.12: Information on Input and Service Providers in the Vaishali District

Name of Enterprise: Agriculture/Horticulture/Animal husbandry/ Fisheries etc

Animal Feed Name of Pesticides & poultry Fish No. of Repair the Block Fertilizers Qtl./K.ltr. feed Veterinary Fish feeds Hatcheries horticulture Fodder Centres Others Seed medicines nurseries No Quantity (MT) N Q N Q Q * * N Q of * * * In Commo- unit N P K N Q N ‘000’ N Q N Q dities Q N Q N Q HAJIPUR 50 5000 40 40 15 50 LALGANJ 10 10 20 20 2 5 15 BHAGWANPUR 2 3 - - 3 4 1 VAISHALI 5 5 20 20 6 8 1 BELSAR 8 8 15 15 7 10 1 BIDUPUR 5 5 5 5 3 5 1 RAGHOPUR 5 5 2 2 3 6 1 MAHUA 7 7 2 2 2 2 1 RAJAPAKAR 7 7 15 15 6 9 1 PATEPUR 8 8 25 25 8 12 1 GARAUL 10 10 18 18 2 6 1 CHEHRAKALA 15 15 15 15 4 8 1 JANDAHA 10 10 6 6 3 5 1 MAHANAR 7 7 6 6 3 6 1 SAHDAI 8 8 11 11 2 4 1 DESRI 4 4 5 5 1 2 1

Service Providers Public (Government) Private Name of the block Extension Services Agri-clinics Para-professionals Input dealers Agri-business NGOs Farmers Field Schools centers No. No. of No. No. of No. No. of No. No. of No. No. of No. No. of No. No. of farmers farmers farmers farmers farmers farmers farmers covered covered covered covered covered covered covered HAJIPUR LALGANJ BHAGWANPUR VAISHALI BELSAR 1 BIDUPUR 3 RAGHOPUR MAHUA 3 RAJAPAKAR PATEPUR GARAUL 2 CHEHRAKALA 2 JANDAHA 3 MAHANAR SAHDAI DESRI N= No. Of outlets ** Name of the fodder commodities Q= Quantity in metric tons N= Nitrogen, P= Phosphorous, and Potash.

Table No.13: List of Farmers groups and organizations working in Vaishali district

Name of the S.No. Commodity Location Area of Commodity Activities Interest Groups operation / undertaken / Farmers Enterprise Interest Groups ------

Table: No.14: Information and Communication system prevailing in the Vaishali District

Sector Address S. Type of Communication facility Public Private with Type of Area of No No. No. Tel. No. Services operation Fax.No. rendered

1. Post Offices, 263 - - At Village Different /Block levels levels 2. Telephone exchanges 32 - - Block/ Village Village /Block levels levels 3. Telephone booths (public) 800 - - “ 4. Computer Service providing 10 - - District level Centers (Imp.) 5. Computer training center 10 - - ‘” (Important) 6. Internet centers 5 - - ‘” 7. T.V. Station - - 8. Radio Station - - 9. News Papers 2 - - District level 10. Periodicals - - 11. Radio clubs - - 12. TV Clubs - - 13. KCC 14. Cable Vs without Cable TV 15. Any other com. facility

Table –14-A : Block wise information on the agricultural implements and farm machinery

Agricultural Implements and Farm Machinery

T/wells & Power tillers/ Harvester/ Rotavator Tractors Pump sets Cultivator Sprayers Disc Harrow Zero tillage Thresher Sl. Name of the No. of No. of No. of No. of No. of No. of No. of No Block House- No. House- No. House- No. House- No. House- No. House- No. House- No. No. holds holds holds holds holds holds holds 1. HAJIPUR 210 210 2500 2500 250 250 54 54 15 15 - - 130 130 - 2. LALGANJ 190 190 2350 2350 180 180 50 50 10 10 - - 120 120 - 3. BHAGWANPUR 170 170 2250 2250 170 170 30 30 5 5 - - 110 110 4. VAISHALI 210 210 2500 2500 250 250 54 54 15 15 - - 130 130 - 5. BELSAR 190 190 2350 2350 180 180 50 50 10 10 - - 120 120 - 6. BIDUPUR 170 170 2250 2250 170 170 30 30 5 5 - - 110 110 7. RAGHOPUR 210 210 2500 2500 250 250 54 54 15 15 - - 130 130 - 8. MAHUA 190 190 2350 2350 180 180 50 50 10 10 - - 120 120 - 9. RAJAPAKAR 170 170 2250 2250 170 170 30 30 5 5 - - 110 110 10. PATEPUR 190 200 3200 3200 200 200 - - 20 20 - - 125 125 - 11. GARAUL 210 210 2500 2500 250 250 54 54 15 15 - - 130 130 - 12. CHEHRAKALA 190 190 2350 2350 180 180 50 50 10 10 - - 120 120 - 13. JANDAHA 170 170 2250 2250 170 170 30 30 5 5 - - 110 110 14. MAHANAR 210 210 2500 2500 250 250 54 54 15 15 - - 130 130 - 15. SAHDAI 190 190 2350 2350 180 180 50 50 10 10 - - 120 120 - 16. DESRI 170 170 2250 2250 170 170 30 30 5 5 - - 110 110

Chapter-V

Identification, Discription & Analysis On Existing Farming System Under Different Aes Table No-15: Information on operational land holdings

Name Operational holding (number and area) S. of the Medium Small Marginal Landless No. Village Large No. of Area No. of Area No. of Area No. of Area Number only holdings holdings holdings holdings Saidabad 14 5 12 56 80 585 146 316 3 I Sisauni - - 5 12 21 25 130 30 10 II Parbodhi

III Karnauti 10 50 25 58 50 60 200 82 364

Table No.16: Demographic Information of the village

Name Popula Male Female Children % of Workers No. Categories No. Sl. of the -ion Literacy Agri. Non. SC ST OBC No. village (2001) agri & Others I Saidabad 6526 3565 2961 1523 23 636 1264 1225 - 5301

II. Sisauni 1101 585 516 216 43.32 202 90 6 - 1095 Parbodhi III. Karnauti 3583 1754 1829 711 45.66 426 421 1162 - 2421

Table No-17: Information on irrigated area in the village

Area in Ha. Sl. Name of Rainfed % Irrigated area (source wise) No. the village area Maj % Med % Min % Lif % Wells % Other % Total % or ium or t s - - 142 56 ------10 4 152 60 100 40 I Saidabad Sisauni 7 10.45 - - 60 89.5 ------60 89.55 II 5 parbodhi III Karnauti 100 40 50 20 100 40 ------150 60

Table No-18: Information on irrigation projects nearing completion

Type of the project Area irrigated (ha) AES Village Name of the project Projected Actual

I. Saidabad Derange Gandak project - -

II. Sisauni - - Derange Gandak project parbodhi III. Karnauti - - Derange Gandak project

Table No-19: Information on Land use pattern

Sl. Name of the Geographical Cultivable Area Cultivated Area Cultivable Current No. village Area waste Fallow 276.37 257 252 - - I. Saidabad

II. Sisauni 89.28 68.28 67.00 1.28 - parbodhi III. Karnauti 302.09 287.309 250.00 1 -

Forest Land put to non Land under misc. Barren & unculturable Pasture agri. Use plantation land (waste land) - - 1937 - 5 - - 21.00 - nil - - 14.02 - -

Table No-20: Information on Soils for the selected villages Classification of Soil with area under problem soils (Area in hectares)

Salt Name of the Black Loam Laterite / Sandy soil Sandy loam Effected AES villages lateritic Soils soil Soils Alluvial soils Area in % Area % Area % Area % Area % Area % Area % ha. 90 - 162 ------I. Saidabad

II. Sisauni 54 80 13 20 ------parbodhi

III. Karnauti 110 44 40 16 100 40 ------

Table No-21 : Production and Productivity of important commodities Under various enterprises for selected villages in both AES.

Name of 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 AE Commo- A Y P Y P A Y P A Y P A Y P S dity A Paddy 179 32 591 187 40 804 191 40 829 197 41 861 201 42 912 I Arhar 10 500 6.2 803 4.8 5.6 804 4.9 5.9 8.7 5.2 5.7 9.1 5.4 6.1 Wheat 60 32 192 80 32 256.0 60 33 33 50 32 168 51 34 191 Paddy 187 32 622 179 41 934 211 40 1110 212 46 1217 227 49 998 Bajra 9 4 6.3 8.4 4.2 5.1 8.3 4.2 5.4 8.2 5.4 5.8 8.4 5.6 6.1 II Wheat 77 32 241 89 33 341 77 34 344 76 5.9 6.1 78 6.1 243 Gram 10 16 16 5 16 8 5 16 8 4 16 8 8 16 8 Mustard 112 10 12 11 11 12 11.5 12 14 11.5 14 14 11.6 16 117 Sugarcane 27 7 631 28 7 644 27 7 632 33 8 691 37 11 723

A – Area in ‘00’ ha. Y - Yield (Productivity) in Qtts/ha. P - Production ‘00’ m.tons.

Table No. 22: DETAILS ABOUT NUMBER OF FAMILIES UNDER EACH KIND OF RESOURCE SITUATION IN THE REPRESENTATIVE VILLAGE OF THE AES.

District: Vaishali

No. of families and their percentage Sl. No Categories AES-I AES-II AES-III No % No % No % 5 15 1 Resource Rich 52 7 31 5

2. Resource Poor 978 95 195 93 509 95

Table No. 23 :

DETAILS ABOUT PREDOMINANT EXISTING FARMING SYSTEMS IN THE REPRESENTATIVE VILLAGE OF AN AES

District: Vaishali

Sl. Existing No. & % of families associated No farming system AES-I AES-II AES-III . RR RP RR RP RR RP % % % % No % No % No No No No

1. Agriculture + Animal 10 19 740 75 25 80 400 78 Husbandry

2. Agriculture + 42 81 238 25 5 34 125 64 6 20 109 22 Horticulture + Animal Husbandry 3. Agriculture + Horticulture 10 66 70 36

Table No. 24 : MAJOR ENTERPRISES ASSOCIATED WITH EACH EXISTING FARMING SYSTEM (EFS) UNDER EACH RESOURCE SITUATION IN REPRESENTATIVE VILLAGE District: Vaishali Type of No. of families (%) associated with 2-3 dominant enterprises/commodities in representative villages enterprises/ AES-I AES-II AES-III commodities RR RP RR RP RR RP EFS-I EFS-II EFS-I EFS-II EFS-I EFS-II EFS-I EFS-II EFS-I EFS-II EFS-I EFS-II Sl.No.

1. -Agricultural crops -Irrigated kharif maize 90 90 96 85 80 70 50 50 66 84 60 64 Wheat 100 100 80 25 100 100 75 70 100 83 95 90 Paddy 100 90 85 86 80 84 85 92 Oil seed 80 70 50 30 48 66 50 46 rabi maize 48 50 40 30 -Rainfed Paddy 20 20 30 35 100 83 60 55 China 90 80 95 85 pulses 100 90 90 70 80 70 40 30 Wheat 40 50 12 10 2. -Horticultural crops -Orchards Mango 40 30 100 10 Banana 70 25 20 10 50 5 -Vegetables- Potato 60 20 80 90 30 26 68 21 pointed guard 55 30 Cucurbitacei 100 90 family Vegetables Cauli flower 100 90 76 70 Brinjal 80 90 85 80 50 30 Chilli 60 70 25 20 Onian 80 60 20 16 -Floriculture

3. -Animal husbandry -Cows

local 10 15 8 20 10 4 Cross 90 60 20 10 50 10 100 100 80 46 -Buffalos 100 90 90 55 20 40 24 10 2 -sheep -Goat 100 80 20 85 12 33 90 80 -Pigs

4. Fisheries 15 20 20 .012 5. Sericulture 6. Poultry 10 15 5 12 20 10 .04 16 .025 5 7. Agriculture labour 60 50 30 50 8. Duckeries 10 5 9. Bee Keeping 20 10 2 1 10. Vermi-compost 11. Any other

TableNo-25: CONTRIBUTION OF DIFFERENT ENTERPRISES TOWARDS ANNUAL INCOME UNDER EACH EXISTING FARMING SYSTEM IN DISTRICT. District: Vaishali

Type of Contribution of different enterprises/commodities (P/S/T) towards annual net income in each EFS Sl. enterprises/ commodities AES-I AES-II AES-III No. RR RP RR RP RR RP EFS-I EFS-II EFS-I EFS-II EFS-I EFS-II EFS-I EFS-II EFS-I EFS-II EFS-I EFS-II 1. -Agricultural crops -Irrigated P S S T S S T P P S S -Rainfed 2. -Horticultural crops - Orchards -Vegetables P S P P P S T T T T - Floriculture 3. -Animal husbandry -Cows S T P P S T P S S P P -Buffaloes -Sheep -Goat -Pigs 4. Fisheries 5. Sericulture 6. Poultry 7. Bee keeping 8. Duckeries 9. Agriculture labors 10. Vermi-compost 11. Mushrooms Note: The net income based on farmer’s percept P= Primary, S= Secondary, T= Tertiary

Table No.26 :TYPE OF IMPROVED FARMING SYSTEMS (IFS) EVOLVED BY INNOVATIVE FARM- AES-I Innovative farmer Name: 1. SUNIL KUMAR KARMBIR-(Ag.) VILAGE : SAIDABAD 2. DHARM NATH RAI (Ho.) 3. GULAB RAI (AH.) 4. RAMESH RAI (AH.) District: VAISHALI 5. RAJENDRA RAI (AH.) 6. SINGESHWAR RAI (AH.) 7. LALU RAI (HO.)

No. of families associated and their % Sl.No. Type of enterprises/ commodities RR RP IFS-I IFS-II IFS-II IFS-I 1. -Agricultural crops -Irrigated 14 -Rainfed (1 FARMAR) 2. -Horticultural crops - Orchards Irrigated Dry 14 -Vegetables 14 (1 FARMAR) - Floriculture (1 FARMAR) 3. -Animal husbandry -Cows 28 14 14 -Buffaloes (2 FARMAR) (1 FARMAR) (1 FARMAR) -Sheep -Goat -Pigs 4. Fisheries 5. Sericulture 6. Poultry 7. Bee keeping 8. Duckeries 9. Agriculture labour 10. Vermi-compost 11. Mushroom

Table No.26 :TYPE OF IMPROVED FARMING SYSTEMS (IFS) EVOLVED BY INNOVATIVE FARM- AES-II Innovative farmer Name: 1. RAJENDRA SINGH (HO.) VILAGE : SISAUNI PARBODHI 2. RAM BABU Singh (HO) 3. SINGESHWAR Singh (HO)

District: VAISHALI 4. RAM DASI Singh (HO) 5. SHAMBHU Singh ( POULTRY) 6. JHARI LAL Singh (HO) No. of families associated and their % Sl.No. Type of enterprises/ commodities RR RP IFS-I IFS-II IFS-I IFS-II

1. -Agricultural crops -Irrigated -Rainfed 2. -Horticultural crops - Orchards  Irrigated  Dry -Vegetables 33 33 17 - Floriculture (2 FARMAR) (2 FARMAR) (1 FARMAR) 3. -Animal husbandry -Cows -Buffaloes -Sheep -Goat -Pigs 4. Fisheries 5. Sericulture 6. Poultry 17 (1 FARMAR) 7. Bee keeping 8. Duckeries 9. Agriculture labour 10. Vermi-compost 11. Mushroom

Table No.26 :TYPE OF IMPROVED FARMING SYSTEMS (IFS) EVOLVED BY INNOVATIVE FARM- AES-III Innovative farmer Name: 1. UPENDRA THAKUR (Ag.) 2. SHIV DAYAL THAKUR(HO.) VILAGE : KARNAUTI 3. ARBIND THAKUR (AH) 4. NIRANJAN THAKUR( Ag.) District: VAISHALI 5.RAJENDRA PRASAD Singh(HO) 6. HARI PRASAD RAI ( HO) 7. JUGESHWAR PARNDIT (Ag.)

No. of families associated and their % Sl.No. Type of enterprises/ commodities RR RP IFS-I IFS-II IFS-II IFS-I 1. -Agricultural crops -Irrigated 14 28 -Rainfed (1 FARMER) (2 FARMER) 2. -Horticultural crops - Orchards Irrigated 28 Dry (2 FARMER) -Vegetables 14 - Floriculture (1 FARMER) 3. -Animal husbandry -Cows 14 -Buffaloes (1 FARMER) -Sheep -Goat -Pigs 4. Fisheries 5. Sericulture 6. Poultry 7. Bee keeping 8. Duckeries 9. Agriculture labour 10. Vermi-compost 11. Mushroom

Table No.27 CONTRIBUTION OF DIFFERENT ENTERPRISES TOWARDS ANNUAL INCOME UNDER EACH IMPROVED FARM SYSTEM

District: VAISHALI Contribution of different enterprises in terms of P/S/T/Q and net income in Rs. Sl. Type of AES-I AES-II AES-III No enterprises/ RR RP RR RP RR RP commodities IFS-I IFS-II IFS-I IFS-II IFS-I IFS-II IFS-I IFS-II IFS-I IFS-II IFS-I IFS-II 1. -Agricultural crops -Irrigated P T S T S S S P P T

2. -Horticultural crops - Orchards Irrigated Dry P P P P P T T P -Vegetables - Floriculture 3. -Animal husbandry -Cows S S P S T T S S S -Buffaloes -Sheep -Goat -Pigs 4. Fisheries 5. Sericulture 6. Poultry P 7. Bee keeping 8. Duckeries 9. Agriculture labour 10. Vermi-compost 11. Mushroom

Table No. 28 TREND ABOUT GROWTH OF EXISTING ENTERPRISES / COMMODITIES /LIVESTOCK IN THE REPRESENTATIVE VILLAGES. District: Vaishali TREND ABOUT NO. OF UNITS IN THE VILLAGE S. Name of enterprises/ AES-I AES-II AES-III Remarks No commodities / livestock Unit 2005 2000 1995 1990 1985 2005 2000 1995 1990 1985 2005 2000 1995 1990 1985 Agriculture Paddy Hact. 139 138 130 124 113 Kharif / Maize " 91 92 98 103 106 Wheat " 120 114 106 86 73 1 Rabi maize “ 22 20 18 14 11

Oil seed “ 55 50 51 52 49

Pulses 5 7 6 11 9 Horticulture 2 - Orchard “ 12 10 10 7 6 - Vegetables “ 10 34 34 31 24 - “ Animal husbandry - Sheep No. 3 - Goat " 480 440 390 340 290

- Buffalo "

- Local " 55 70 75 90 110 - Graded " - Cow “ -Local " 48 71 95 125 190 - Cross breed " 1180 1130 1080 920 562 - Pigs " 15 25 40 46 52

- Poultry “

- Commercial " 2 2 - - - - Back yard " 40 28 35 32 38 4 Fisheries " 2 2 2 2 2

5 Dickers " 20 15 15 12 10 6 Sericulture 7 Bee keeping 60 50 50 40 20 8. Vermi-compost Produce from common 9 land and others - Fuel wood - Minor forest produce 240 225 210 190 185 10 Agriculture labourer 85 91 95 105 116 11 Tapping of toddy trees 12 Non-farm enterprise - Regular service 24 23 20 18 6 - Daily wage earning 210 205 190 182 174 Transport of material through - Tractor / Bullock cart 6/10 3/12 1/20 0/45 0/60 - Mat making - Rope making 6 9 8 12 16 - Wood carving 8 9 11 13 15 13. - Handloom etc.

Table No.29

TREND ABOUT AREA /PRODUCTIVITY OF MAJOR COMMODITIES

TREND SHOWING AREA UNDER MAJOR COMMODITIES

80000 Paddy 60000 Maize Area in '00 ha. 40000 Arhar

20000 Wheat W. Maize 0 1990 1995 2000 2005 Gram Year Mustard

TREND ABOUT PRODUCTION OF MAJOR COMMODITIES

200000 Paddy 150000 Maize Prod. in '00 100000 Arhar m.t. Wheat 50000 W. Maize 0 1990 1995 2000 2005 Gram Mustard Year

Table No.30

ANALYSIS OF PROBLEMS WITH REGARD TO EXISTING FARMING SYSTEM

District: Agro-ecological situation: II Village: Ibrahimpur Resource Rich Name of the EFS= I & II

Combi- Specific Reasons for nation problems No. of Proposed non- Sl. Type of of with each affecte solution adoption of Proposed No. enterprises/ enter- enterprise d proposed strategy commodities prises person solution in EFS s (P/S/T) (%) 1. Agricultural Lack of irrigation Deep boring with Lack of Govt Govt policy crops P facilities 49 (75%) proper channel intervention matter - Irrigated Lack of labour system - Rainfed Odd land situation Proper embankment Recurrent flood and water management Technological intervention 2. Horticultural Lack of awareness Awareness program Lacking of Awareness crops Labour problem should be organized dissemination Camps S 49 (75%) at village level of technology and - Orchards - Vegetables at village level Demonstrations - Floriculture 3. Animal Lack of awareness Awareness program Lacking of Awareness husbandry Labour problem should be organized dissemination Camps - Cows T 20 (30%) at village level of technology and - Buffalows

- Sheep at village level Demonstrations - Goat - Pigs 4. Fisheries 5. Sericulture 6. Poultry 7. Bee keeping 8. Duckeries 9. Agriculture labour 10. Any other

Table No.30-B ANALYSIS OF PROBLEMS WITH REGARD TO EXISTING FARMING SYSTEM

District: Agro-ecological situation: II Village: Ibrahimpur Resource Poor Name of the EFS=I & II Combi- Reasons for nation of Specific No. of non- Sl. Type of enter- problem affected Proposed solution adoption of Proposed No enterprises/ prises in s with persons proposed strategy commodities EFS each (%) solution (P/S/T) enterpri se 1. Agricultural Lack of Deep boring & wells Poor economic Govt policy crops irrigation with proper channel status and T 212(86%) matter - Irrigated facilities system small land - Rainfed holdings 2. Horticultural Lack of Deep boring & wells Poor economic Govt policy crops irrigation with proper channel status and matter - Orchards P facilities 212(86%) system small land - Vegetables holdings - Floriculture 3. Animal Disease Proper awareness Lack of Awareness husbandry control programs awareness Camps and - Cows and Availability of finance Lack of finance demonstrations - Buffalows improper & insurance cover S 159(60%) - Sheep manage - Goat mental - Pigs condition s 4. Fisheries 5. Sericulture 6. Poultry 7. Bee keeping 8. Duckeries 9. Agriculture labour 10. Any other

Table No.31

TYPE OF CHANGING SCENARIO IN RURAL AREAS WHICH IS HAVING A BEARING ON EXISTING FARMING SYSTEM District: Vaishali S.No. Type of changing scenario Effect of each scenario on farming system (H/M/L) Remarks AES-I AES-II AES-III 1 Migration of people to urban areas H H H 2 Lack of animal draught power M M H 3 Increase in farm machinery H H M 4 Shortage of labour H H H 5 Reduction in availability of fodder H M H unemployed rural youth H H H 7 Increase in level of education M H M 8 Reduction in availability of M M M 9 Increase in rural indebtedness H H H 10 Better transport facilities H H H 11 Milk collection centers/route H H H village level H H H 13 Slackness towards agriculture H M M 14 Low relative profitability from farming L M L 15 Absentee land lordism M L M 16 Selling land to others L L L 17 Purchasing land from others L M L

Table No.32

TYPE OF NEW MARKET OPPORTUNITIES IN URBAN / RURAL AREAS WHICH ARE HAVING BEARINGS ON FARMING SYSTEM District: VAISHALI S.No. Type of new market Effect of each opportunity on farming opportunities System(H/M/L)

AES-I AES-II AES-III

1 Vegetables H H H

2 Fruits H H H

3 Mulberry silk L L L

4 Oilseeds H H H

5 Pulses H H H

6 Mushroom M M M

7 Flowers L H L

8 Meat (goat/sheep) H H H

9 Sale of Seeds to outside H H H

10 Sale of Organic products to outside H H H

11 Basmati rice L M L

12 Honey M H M

13 Handicraft M M M

14 Agri-Clinic H H H

Table No.33-A

DIVERSIFICATION AND INTENSIFICATION OF FARMING SYSTEMS District:Vaishali Agro-ecological situation: I Village: SAIDABAD Resource Rich EFS-I

Contribution of different enterprises / commodities in Type of terms of net income Intervention Sl. enterprises/ (Diversification / No. commodities Mutually Intensification) EFS Proposed Agreed upon OP-IV OP-I OP-II OP-III 1. Agricultural CHINA-WHEAT Hy MAIZE- HYBRID MAIZE - 12000 Intensification crops (6000) WHEAT OILSEED -Irrigated maize - wheat (10500) (14000) (7000) -Rainfed

2. Horticultural crops - Orchards -Vegetables - Floriculture 3. Animal husbandry -Cows local 4000 exotic cross 10000 12000 (15000) 13000 Intensification

-Buffaloes local murra (8000) (12000) 12000 -Sheep -Goat 3000 exotic 5000 (6000) -Pigs 4. Fisheries 5. Sericulture 6. Poultry 7. Bee keeping 4000 per box 5000 per box 5000 Intensification 8. Duckeries 2500 8000 6000 Intensification 9. Agri. labour 10. Vermi-compost

Table No.33-B

DIVERSIFICATION AND INTENSIFICATION OF FARMING SYSTEMS District: vaishali Agro-ecological situation: I Village: Saidabad Resource Rich EFS- II

Contribution of different enterprises / commodities in terms of net income Intervention Sl. Type of EFS Proposed Mutually (Diversification / No. enterprises/ OP-II OP-III Agreed upon Intensification) commodities OP-I OP-IV 1. Agricultural china -wheat Hy maize-wheat hybrid- maize-oil crops (6000) (10000) seed / pulses 13000 Intensification -Irrigated maize -Wheat (14000) -Maize (7000) Wheat -Rainfed Paddy-Wheat Paddy-Gram Paddy-Lentil 2. Horticultural crops alpan / chiniya tissu cultuere Intensification - Orchards (12000) var G-9 18000 (24000) -Vegetables cucurbitacei Early hybrid hybrid family crop - cucurbitacei cucurbitacei potato family crop- family crop-

(14000) potato (18000) potato- onian 20000 Intensification

(24000) - Floriculture 3. Animal husbandry -Cows local 4000 exotic cross 10000 12000 (15000) 13000 Intensification

-Buffaloes local murra (8000) (12000) 12000 -Sheep -Goat 3000 exotic 5000 (6000) -Pigs 4. Fisheries 5. Sericulture 6. Poultry 7. Bee keeping 4000per box 5000per box 4500 Intensification 8. Duckeries 2500 8000 6000 Intensification 9. Agri. labour 10. Any other

Table No.33-C

DIVERSIFICATION AND INTENSIFICATION OF FARMING SYSTEMS District: Vaishali Agro-ecological situation: I Village: Saidabad Resource Poor EFS- I

Contribution of different enterprises / commodities in terms of net income Intervention Sl. Type of EFS Proposed Mutually (Diversification / No. enterprises/ OP-II OP-III Agreed upon Intensification) commodities OP-I OP-IV 1. Agricultural china -wheat hybrid- maize-oil crops (5500) seed / pulses 12000 Intensification -Irrigated (12000) -Maize Wheat -Rainfed Paddy-Wheat Paddy-Gram Paddy-Lentil 2. Horticultural crops - Orchards

-Vegetables

- Floriculture 3. Animal husbandry -Cows local 3000 exotic cross 8000 10000 (15000) 12000 Intensification

-Buffaloes local murra (6000) (12000) 10000 -Sheep -Goat 3000 exotic 4000 (6000) -Pigs 4. Fisheries 5. Sericulture 6. Poultry 7. Bee keeping 3000 per box 5000 per box 4000 Intensification 8. Duckeries 9. Agri. labour 10. Any other

Table No.33-D

DIVERSIFICATION AND INTENSIFICATION OF FARMING SYSTEMS District: vaishali Agro-ecological situation: I Village: Saidabad Resource Poor EFS- II

Contribution of different enterprises / commodities in terms of net income Intervention Sl. Type of EFS Proposed Mutually (Diversification / No. enterprises/ OP-II OP-III Agreed upon Intensification) commodities OP-I OP-IV 1. Agricultural china -wheat hybrid- maize-oil crops (5500) seed / pulses 12000 Intensification -Irrigated (12000) -Maize Wheat -Rainfed Paddy-Wheat Paddy-Gram Paddy-Lentil 2. Horticultural crops - Orchards

-Vegetables cucurbitacei pointed guard family crop- (6000) potato- onian Intensification (24000) 18000

- Floriculture 3. Animal husbandry -Cows local 3000 exotic cross 8000 10000 (15000) 12000 Intensification

-Buffaloes local murra (6000) (12000) 10000 -Sheep -Goat 3000 exotic 4000 (6000) -Pigs 4. Fisheries 5. Sericulture 6. Poultry Back yard 100 Bird exotic (2000) (6000) 5000 Diversification 7. Bee keeping 3000 per box 5000 4000 Intensification 8. Duckeries 9. Agri. labour 10. Any other

Table No.33-E

DIVERSIFICATION AND INTENSIFICATION OF FARMING SYSTEMS District:Vaishali Agro-ecological situation: II Village: SISAUNI PARBODHI Resource Rich EFS-I

Contribution of different enterprises / commodities in Type of terms of net income Intervention Sl. enterprises/ (Diversification / No. commodities Mutually Intensification) EFS Proposed Agreed upon OP-IV OP-I OP-II OP-III 1. Agricultural PADDY--WHEAT HY BRID HYBRID PADDY - 12000 Intensification crops (7500) PADDY - WHEAT -Irrigated Maize -wheat WHEAT (12000) (7000) (11000) Hy maize -wheat -Rainfed (12500)

2. Horticultural crops - Orchards Banana Alpan/ chiniya/ Tissu culter batisha (12000) ver-G9(24000) 18000 Intensification Mango Biju /maldah Amarpali Alphanso /sipiya /sukul / malika / maldah 16000

(10000) (20000)

-Vegetables Brinjal- Brinjal - Early Hy Brinjal - Early Cauliflower Cauliflower- late Cauliflower- late (15000) Cauliflower Cauliflower - 25000 (24000) Potato (27500)

- Floriculture

3. Animal husbandry -Cows local 4500 exotic cross 10500 13000 (15000) 14000 Intensification

-Buffaloes local murra (9000) (12000) 12000 -Sheep -Goat 3000 exotic 5000 (6000) -Pigs 4. Fisheries 5. Sericulture 6. Poultry Commercial 500 birds (12000) 18000 16000 Intensification Back yard 100 Bird exotic 5000 Diversification (2000) (6000)

7. Bee keeping 8. Duckeries 9. Agri. labour 10. Vermi-compost 3000 6000 6000 Intensification

Table No.33-F

DIVERSIFICATION AND INTENSIFICATION OF FARMING SYSTEMS District: vaishali Agro-ecological situation: II Village: SISAUNI PARBODHI Resource Rich EFS- II

Contribution of different enterprises / commodities in terms of net income Intervention Sl. Type of EFS Proposed Mutually (Diversification / No. enterprises/ OP-II OP-III Agreed upon Intensification) commodities OP-I OP-IV 1. Agricultural PADDY--WHEAT HY BRID HYBRID PADDY - 12000 Intensification crops (8000) PADDY - WHEAT -Irrigated WHEAT (12000) -Maize (10500) Wheat -Rainfed Paddy-Wheat Paddy-Gram Paddy-Lentil 2. Horticultural crops - Orchards Alpan/ chiniya/ Tissu culter batisha (12000) ver-G9(24000) -Vegetables Biju /maldah Amarpali Alphanso 18000 Intensification /sipiya /sukul / malika / maldah (10000) (20000) 16000

- Floriculture Brinjal- Brinjal - Early Hy Brinjal - Early Cauliflower Cauliflower- late Cauliflower- late (16000) Cauliflower Cauliflower - 25000 (24000) Potato (27500)

3. Animal husbandry -Cows local cross

-Buffaloes

-Sheep -Goat

-Pigs 4. Fisheries 5. Sericulture 6. Poultry 7. Bee keeping 8. Duckeries 9. Agri. labour 10. Any other

Table No.33-G

DIVERSIFICATION AND INTENSIFICATION OF FARMING SYSTEMS District: Vaishali Agro-ecological situation: II Village: SISAUNI PARBODHI Resource Poor EFS- II

Contribution of different enterprises / commodities in terms of net income Intervention Sl. Type of EFS Proposed Mutually (Diversification / No. enterprises/ OP-II OP-III Agreed upon Intensification) commodities OP-I OP-IV 1. Agricultural PADDY--WHEAT HY BRID HYBRID PADDY - 12000 Intensification crops (6000) PADDY - WHEAT -Irrigated WHEAT (12000) -Maize (10000) Wheat -Rainfed Paddy-Wheat Paddy-Gram Paddy-Lentil 2. Horticultural crops - Orchards Alpan/ chiniya/ Tissu culter batisha (12000) ver-G9(24000) -Vegetables Biju /maldah Amarpali Alphanso 15000 Intensification /sipiya /sukul / malika / maldah (8000) (20000) 16000

Hy Brinjal - Early - Floriculture Brinjal- Cauliflower- late Cauliflower Cauliflower - (14000) Potato (27500) 20000 3. Animal husbandry -Cows local 4000 exotic cross 10000 12000 (15000) 13000 Intensification

-Buffaloes local murra (8000) (12000) 12000 -Sheep -Goat 3000 exotic 4000 (6000) -Pigs 4. Fisheries 5. Sericulture 6. Poultry Back yard 100 Bird exotic (2000) (6000) 5000 Diversification

7. Bee keeping 8. Duckeries 9. Agri. labour 10. Any other

Table No.33-H

DIVERSIFICATION AND INTENSIFICATION OF FARMING SYSTEMS District: Vaishali Agro-ecological situation: II Village: SISUNI PARBODHI Resource Poor EFS- II

Contribution of different enterprises / commodities in terms of net income Intervention Sl. Type of EFS Proposed Mutually (Diversification / No. enterprises/ OP-II OP-III Agreed upon Intensification) commodities OP-I OP-IV 1. Agricultural PADDY--WHEAT HY BRID HYBRID PADDY - 12000 Intensification crops (6500) PADDY - WHEAT -Irrigated WHEAT (12000) -Maize (10500) Wheat -Rainfed Paddy-Wheat Paddy-Gram Paddy-Lentil 2. Horticultural crops - Orchards Alpan/ chiniya/ Tissu culter batisha (10000) ver-G9(24000) 15000 -Vegetables Intensification

Hy Brinjal - Early - Floriculture Brinjal- Cauliflower- late Cauliflower Cauliflower - 18000 (14000) Potato (27500) 3. Animal husbandry -Cows local cross

-Buffaloes

-Sheep -Goat

-Pigs 4. Fisheries 5. Sericulture 6. Poultry 7. Bee keeping 8. Duckeries 9. Agri. labour 10. Any other

Table No.33-I

DIVERSIFICATION AND INTENSIFICATION OF FARMING SYSTEMS District:Vaishali Agro-ecological situation: III Village: Karnauti Resource Rich EFS-I

Contribution of different enterprises / commodities in Type of terms of net income Intervention Sl. enterprises/ (Diversification / No. commodities Mutually Intensification) EFS Proposed Agreed upon OP-IV OP-I OP-II OP-III 1. Agricultural PADDY--WHEAT HY BRID HYBRID PADDY - 12000 Intensification crops (7000) PADDY - WHEAT -Irrigated Maze - wheat WHEAT (12000) (6000) (10000) Maze - oil seed 12500 -Rainfed (14000)

2. Horticultural crops - Orchards Banana

Mango

-Vegetables - Floriculture

3. Animal husbandry -Cows local 5000 exotic cross 12000 14000 (15000) 15000 Intensification

-Buffaloes local murra (9000) (12000) 12000 -Sheep -Goat 3000 exotic 5000 (6000) -Pigs 4. Fisheries 12000 Exotic var 18000 (24000) 5. Sericulture 6. Poultry commercial 500 Bird 500 Bird 18000 15000 (12000) (15000) exotic

Back yard 100 Bird (6000) 5000 Diversification (2000) 7. Bee keeping 8. Duckeries 9. Agri. labour 10. Vermi-compost

Table No.33-J

DIVERSIFICATION AND INTENSIFICATION OF FARMING SYSTEMS District: Vaishali Agro-ecological situation: III Village: Karnauti Resource Rich EFS- II

Contribution of different enterprises / commodities in terms of net income Intervention Sl. Type of EFS Proposed Mutually (Diversification / No. enterprises/ OP-II OP-III Agreed upon Intensification) commodities OP-I OP-IV 1. Agricultural PADDY--WHEAT HY BRID HYBRID PADDY - 12000 Intensification crops (8000) PADDY - WHEAT -Irrigated WHEAT (12000) -Maize Maize- wheat (10500) Maize- oil seed Wheat (7500) (11000) 11000 -Rainfed Paddy-Wheat Paddy-Gram Paddy-Lentil 2. Horticultural crops - Orchards Alpan/ chiniya/ Tissu culter batisha (12000) ver-G9(24000) -Vegetables Biju /maldah Amarpali Alphanso 18000 Intensification /sipiya /sukul / malika / maldah (12000) (20000) 16000

- Floriculture cucurbitace family cucurbitace cucurbitace family crop - potato family crop- crop - maize+ (10000) potato- Onian potato - onian 20000 (14000) (24000) 3. Animal husbandry -Cows local 4500 exotic cross 11000 14000 (15000) 14000 Intensification

-Buffaloes local murra (8500) (12000) 12000 -Sheep -Goat 3000 exotic 5000 (6000) -Pigs 4. Fisheries 12000 Exotic var 18000 (24000) 5. Sericulture 6. Poultry Commercial 500 birds (12000) 18000 16000 Intensification

Back yard 100 Bird exotic 5000 Diversification (2000) (6000)

7. Bee keeping 8. Duckeries 9. Agri. labour 10. Any other

Table No.33-K

DIVERSIFICATION AND INTENSIFICATION OF FARMING SYSTEMS District: vaishali Agro-ecological situation: III Village: Karnauti Resource Poor EFS- I

Contribution of different enterprises / commodities in terms of net income Intervention Sl. Type of EFS Proposed Mutually (Diversification / No. enterprises/ OP-II OP-III Agreed upon Intensification) commodities OP-I OP-IV 1. Agricultural PADDY--WHEAT HY BRID HYBRID PADDY - 12000 Intensification crops (6000) PADDY - WHEAT -Irrigated Maze - wheat WHEAT (12000) -Maize (5500) (9000) Maze - oil seed 12000 Wheat (14000) -Rainfed Paddy-Wheat Paddy-Gram Paddy-Lentil 2. Horticultural crops - Orchards

-Vegetables

- Floriculture 3. Animal husbandry -Cows local 4000 exotic cross 10000 12000 (15000) 15000 Intensification

-Buffaloes local murra (8000) (12000) 12000 -Sheep -Goat 3000 exotic 5000 (6000) -Pigs 3000 exotic 8000 (10000) 4. Fisheries 10000 Exotic var 16000 (24000) 5. Sericulture 6. Poultry 500 Bird 500 Bird 18000 14000 (10000) (14000) 7. Bee keeping 8. Duckeries 9. Agri. labour 10. Any other

Table No.33-L

DIVERSIFICATION AND INTENSIFICATION OF FARMING SYSTEMS District: vaishali Agro-ecological situation: III Village: Karnauti Resource Poor EFS- II

Contribution of different enterprises / commodities in terms of net income Intervention Sl. Type of EFS Proposed Mutually (Diversification / No. enterprises/ OP-II OP-III Agreed upon Intensification) commodities OP-I OP-IV 1. Agricultural PADDY--WHEAT HY BRID HYBRID PADDY - 12000 Intensification crops (6000) PADDY - WHEAT -Irrigated WHEAT (12000) -Maize Maize- wheat (9000) Maize- oil seed Wheat (5500) (14000) 12000 -Rainfed Paddy-Wheat Paddy-Gram Paddy-Lentil 2. Horticultural crops - Orchards Alpan/ chiniya/ Tissu culter batisha (10000) ver-G9(24000) 16000 -Vegetables Intensification cucurbitace cucurbitace cucurbitace family 16000 family crop - family crop- crop - maize+

potato (8000) potato- Onian potato - onian

(12000) (24000) - Floriculture 3. Animal husbandry -Cows local 4000 exotic cross 10500 13000 (15000) 14000 Intensification

-Buffaloes local murra (8000) (12000) 10000 -Sheep -Goat 3000 exotic 5000 (6000 -Pigs 3000 exotic (10000) 8000 4. Fisheries 10000 Exotic var 16000 (24000) 5. Sericulture 6. Poultry 7. Bee keeping 8. Duckeries 9. Agri. labour 10. Any other

Table No.34-A

GAP IN ADOPTION AND PROPOSED STRATEGY FOR PROMOTING THE MODIFIED FARMING SYSTEM

District: Vaishali Agro-Ecological situation: I Village: Saidabad Resource Rich

Contribution of different enterprises / Gap in Type of commodity in terms of net income/acre adoption Reasons Proposed strategy Sl. enterprises/ Existing farming Mutually agreed of new for gap in *** No. commodities system upon farming enterprise Adoption system (F/P/N) ** 1. Agricultural crops - Irrigated 6000 14000 P 1,2,3,4 1,2,3,5,6,8 - Rainfed 7000 2. Horticultural crops - Orchards 12000 18000 P 1,2,3,4 1,2,3,5,6,7,8 - Vegetables - Floriculture 14000 20000

3. Animal

husbandry 1,3,5,7,8 - Cows 4000 P 1,3,4,5 10000 13000 - Buffaloes - Sheep 8000 12000 P

- Goat 3000 5000 F - Pigs 4. Fisheries 5. Sericulture 6. Poultry 7. Bee keeping 4000 per box 5000 P 1,2,3 1,3,5,7,8 8. Duckeries 2500 6000 F 1,2,3 1,3,5,7,8 9. Agriculture labour 10. Vermi-compost

Reasons for gap in adoption *** Proposed strategy **1. Lack of awareness 1. Awareness programmes should be organised 2. Unavailability of HYV & Quality inputs 2. Suitable HYV should made available 3. Lack of resources 3. Intensification 4. Lack of proper communication 4. Diversification 5. Lack of milk collection center and A.I. center 5. Trainings 6. Demonstration 7. exposure visit 8. linkage with bank/ markets

Table No.34-B

GAP IN ADOPTION AND PROPOSED STRATEGY FOR PROMOTING THE MODIFIED FARMING SYSTEM

District: Vaishali Agro-ecological situation: I Village: Saidabad Resource Poor

Contribution of different enterprises / Gap in Type of commodity in terms of net income adoption of Reasons Sl. enterprises/ Existing farming Mutually agreed new for gap in Proposed strategy No. commodities system upon farming enterprise Adoption system (F/P/N) 1. Agricultural crops 5500 12000 P 1,2,3,4,6 1,2,3,5,6,8 - Irrigated - - Rainfed 2. Horticultural crops 1,2,3,5,6,7,8 - Orchards 6000 18000 F 1,2,3,4,6 - Vegetables - Floriculture 3. Animal husbandry - Cows 1,3,4,5,7,8 3000 P 1,3,4,5,6, 8000 12000

- Buffaloes 6000 10000 F - Sheep

- Goat 3000 4000 P - Pigs 4. Fisheries 5. Sericulture 6. Poultry 7. Bee keeping 3000 per box 4000 P 1,2,3,4,6 1,3,4,5,7,8 8. Duckeries 9. Agriculture labour 10. Mushrooms 11. Food processing

Reasons for gap in adoption *** Proposed strategy **1. Lack of awareness 1. Awareness programmes should be organised 2. Unavailability of HYV & Quality inputs 2. Suitable HYV & Quality inputs should made available 3. Lack of resources 3. Intensification 4. Lack of proper communication 4. Diversification 5. Lack of milk collection center and A.I. center 5. Trainings 6. Demonstration 6. Lack of finance 7. exposure visit 8. linkage with bank/ markets

Table No.34-C GAP IN ADOPTION AND PROPOSED STRATEGY FOR PROMOTING THE MODIFIED FARMING SYSTEM

District: Vaishali Agro-Ecological situation: II Village: sisauni parbodhi Resource Rich

Contribution of different enterprises / Gap in Type of commodity in terms of net income/acre adoption Reasons Proposed strategy Sl. enterprises/ Existing farming Mutually agreed of new for gap in *** No. commodities system upon farming enterprise Adoption system (F/P/N) ** 1. Agricultural crops - Irrigated 8000 12000 P 1,2,3,4 1,2,3,5,6,7,8 - Rainfed 7000 2. Horticultural crops - Orchards 12000 18000 P 1,2,3,4 1,2,3,5,6,7,8 - Vegetables 16000 25000 - Floriculture

3. Animal

husbandry 1,3,4,5,7,8 - Cows 4500 P 1,3,4,5 10500 14000 - Buffaloes - Sheep 9000 12000 P

- Goat 3000 5000 F - Pigs 4. Fisheries 5. Sericulture 6. Poultry 12000 16000 P 1,2,3,4, 1,3,5,7,8 7. Bee keeping 8. Duckeries 9. Agriculture labour 10. Vermi-compost 3000 6000 F 1,3, 1,3,4,5,7,8

Reasons for gap in adoption *** Proposed strategy **1. Lack of awareness 1. Awareness programmes should be organised 2. Unavailability of HYV & Quality inputs 2. Suitable HYV & Quality inputs should made available 3. Lack of resources 3. Intensification 4. Sort electric supply 4. Diversification 5. Lack of milk collection center and A.I. center 5. Trainings 6. Demonstration 7. exposure visit 8. linkage with bank/ markets

Table No.34-D

GAP IN ADOPTION AND PROPOSED STRATEGY FOR PROMOTING THE MODIFIED FARMING SYSTEM

District: Vaishali Agro-ecological situation: II Village: Sisauni Parbodhi Resource Poor

Contribution of different enterprises / Gap in Type of commodity in terms of net income adoption of Reasons Sl. enterprises/ Existing farming Mutually agreed new for gap in Proposed strategy No. commodities system upon farming enterprise Adoption system (F/P/N) 1. Agricultural crops 6500 12000 F 1,2,3,4,6, 1,2,3,5,6,7,8 - Irrigated - - Rainfed 2. Horticultural crops 1,2,3,5,7,8 - Orchards 12000 16000 P 1,2,3,4,6 - Vegetables 14000 20000 - Floriculture 3. Animal husbandry - Cows 1,3,5,7,8 4000 P 1,3,4,5,6, 10000 13000

- Buffaloes 8000 12000 F - Sheep

- Goat 3000 4000 P - Pigs 4. Fisheries 5. Sericulture 6. Poultry 2000 5000 F 1,2,3,4,6 1,3,5,7,8 7. Bee keeping 8. Duckeries 9. Agriculture labour 10. Mushrooms 11. Food processing

Reasons for gap in adoption *** Proposed strategy **1. Lack of awareness 1. Awareness programmes should be organised 2. Unavailability of HYV & Quality inputs 2. Suitable HYV & Quality inputs should made available 3. Lack of resources 3. Intensification 4. Fear of loss of income 4. Diversification 5. Lack of milk collection center and A.I. center 5. Trainings 6. Demonstration 6. Lack of finance 7. exposure visit 8. linkage with bank/ markets

Table No.34-E GAP IN ADOPTION AND PROPOSED STRATEGY FOR PROMOTING THE MODIFIED FARMING SYSTEM

District: Vaishali Agro-Ecological situation: III Village: Karnauti Resource Rich

Contribution of different enterprises / Gap in Type of commodity in terms of net income/acre adoption Reasons Proposed strategy Sl. enterprises/ Existing farming Mutually agreed of new for gap in *** No. commodities system upon farming enterprise Adoption system (F/P/N) ** 1. Agricultural crops - Irrigated 8000 12000 P 1,2,3,4,6,7 1,2,3,5,7,8 - Rainfed 7500 12500 2. Horticultural crops - Orchards 12000 18000 F 1,2,3,4,6,7 1,2,3,5,6,7,8 - Vegetables 10000 20000 - Floriculture

3. Animal

husbandry 1,2,3,5,7,8 - Cows 5000 P 1,2,3,4,5,7 12000 15000 - Buffaloes - Sheep 9000 12000 P

- Goat 3000 5000 F - Pigs 4. Fisheries 12000 18000 F 1,2,,3,7 1,2,3,5,7,8 5. Sericulture 6. Poultry 12000 15000 P 1,2,3,4,7 1,2,3,5,7,8 7. Bee keeping 8. Duckeries 9. Agriculture labour 10. Vermi-compost

Reasons for gap in adoption *** Proposed strategy **1. Lack of awareness 1. Awareness programmes should be organised 2. Unavailability of HYV & Quality inputs 2. Suitable HYV & Quality inputs should made available 3. Lack of resources 3. Intensification 4. Sort electric supply 4. Diversification 5. Lack of milk collection center and A.I. center 5. Trainings 6. Demonstration 6. lack of market & infrastructure 7. exposure visit 8. linkage with bank/ markets 7. Fear of risk

Table No.34-F

GAP IN ADOPTION AND PROPOSED STRATEGY FOR PROMOTING THE MODIFIED FARMING SYSTEM

District: Vaishali Agro-ecological situation: III Village: Karanauti Resource Poor

Contribution of different enterprises / Gap in Type of commodity in terms of net income adoption of Reasons for gap in Sl. enterprises/ Existing farming Mutually agreed new Adoption Proposed strategy No. commodities system upon farming enterprise system (F/P/N) 1. Agricultural crops 6000 12000 F 1,2,3,4,6,7 1,2,3,5,6,7,8 - Irrigated - 5500 12000 - Rainfed 2. Horticultural crops 1,2,3,5,7,8 - Orchards 10000 16000 F 1,2,3,4,6,7 - Vegetables 8000 16000 - Floriculture 3. Animal husbandry - Cows 1,3,5,7,8 4000 F 1,2,3,4,5,6,7 10000 15000

- Buffaloes 8000 12000 F - Sheep

- Goat 3000 5000 F - Pigs 3000 8000 4. Fisheries 10000 16000 F 1,2,3,4,5,6,7 1,3,5,7,8 5. Sericulture 6. Poultry 10000 14000 P 1,2,3,4,6,7 1,3,5,7,8 7. Bee keeping 8. Duckeries 9. Agriculture labour 10. Mushrooms 11. Food processing

Reasons for gap in adoption *** Proposed strategy **1. Lack of awareness 1. Awareness programmes should be organised 2. Unavailability of HYV & Quality inputs 2. Suitable HYV & Quality inputs should made available 3. Lack of resources 3. Intensification 4. Fear of loss of income 4. Diversification 5. Lack of milk collection center and A.I. center 5. Trainings 6. Demonstration 6. Lack of finance 7. exposure visit 8. linkage with bank/ markets 7. Lack of infrastructure

Table No.35 IDENTIFICATION OF DIFFERENT FARMING SITUATIONS IN EACH CROP IN EXISTING FARMING SYSTEM

Name of district : Vaishali Representative villages: Saidabad, Sisauni Parbodhi & Karnauti Name of agro-ecological situation : I ,II, & III Farming Situation : Irrigated & Rainfed (Area in Hect.)

Source of Irrigation Type of Soil Previous Crop AES Crop Time of Rainfed Irrigated Sandy Sandy Loam Clay loam

Sowing Loam Early 75 75 wheat, pulses, oil seed China Normal Late Early 15 5 10 Wheat Kharif Normal 65 65 pulses,oil seed maize Late Early I Wheat Normal 65 65 china, kharif maize Late Early 13 13 Kharif maize Potato Normal Late Early 3 3 china, kharif maize Oil seed Normal 6 6 Late pulses Early 55 55 maize china Normal Late Rabi Early Maize Normal 30 30 maize , Veg.

Late pointed Early 12 12 Veg. pulses guard Normal Late Cucuarb Early 18 18 Veg. china , itacee Normal 20 20 maize Family Late Veg. paddy Early 5 5 Wheat, pulses Normal 20 12 8 II Late Kharif Early 2 2 wheat , pulse, maize Normal 7 7 veg. Late Wheat Early Normal 24 14 10 paddy, maize Late pulses Early 6 3 3 paddy , maize Normal Late Cauli Early 20 20 veg. flower Normal Late 12 12

potato Early Normal 5 5 Veg., maize Late 6 6 Chilli Early Normal 8 8 VEG. Late onion Early Normal 2 2 potato Late 3 3 Brinjal Early Normal 18 18 Veg. Late Paddy Early 96 96 Normal 43 43 Veg., maize Late kharif Early maize Normal 91 91 Wheat ,oil Late seed Wheat Early Normal 68 31 25 12 Late 52 52 paddy, maize Oil seed Early III Normal 15 15 Paddy, maize Late 40 40 rabi Early maize Normal 22 9 13 paddy, maize Late Early pulses Normal Late 5 5 paddy Early Potato Normal 25 25 maize Late

TABLE No- 36 TYPE OF FARMING SITUATIONS UNDER WHICH IMPORTANT AGRICULTURAL CROPS ARE CULTIVATED

Name of district: Vaishali (Area in ha)

AES Crop Area & % under different Total farming situation Farming Situation EFS I EFS II Irrigated Rainfed Area % Area % Area % China 75 56 75 19 25 75 100 Kharif maize 80 51 64 29 36 80 100 Wheat 65 - 49 75 16 25 65 100 Oil seed 6 3 5 55 4 45 9 100 I Pulses 55 39 70 16 30 55 100 Rabi maize 30 21 70 9 30 30 100 Paddy 20 5 14 56 11 44 25 100 II Wheat 24 11 46 13 54 24 100 Pulses 6 2 33 4 66 6 100 Paddy 43 96 83 60 56 40 139 100 Khari maize 90 55 61 36 39 91 100 Wheat 68 52 78 65 42 35 120 100

Oil Seed 15 40 36 66 19 34 55 100 III Rabi maize 22 13 59 9 41 22 100 Pulses 5 4 80 1 20 5 100

TABLE No- 37-A GAP IN ADOPTION AND PROPOSED EXTENSION STRATEGY FOR IMPROVING THE PRODUCTIVITY / INCOME FROM AGRICULTURAL CROPS Name of AES : I District : Vaishali Representative village: Crop: Paddy EFS : I & II Type of farmer : RR/RP Farming situation: Irrigated Gap in Specific Farmer Sl.No. Items of package Recommen-ded Existing practice adoption reasons for proposed practice (F/P/N) the gap extension (*) (**) strategy (***) 01 Sowing : - Time June-July June-Aug. P 1, 3&4 1, 2 - Method Transplanting Transplanting 02 Varieties Rajendra Masuri - I Local, Sita, Mahsuri Semi Dwarf, F 1,5 1, 2,3,5 Rajendra Shweta, Prabhat, Rajendra Basmati I, 03 Seed rate (per ha.) 40-50 70-75 P 1 1,2 04 Seed treatment Streptocyclin+ - F 1, 5 2 & 5 Emisan/Bavistin 05 Organic manure (tons /ha) 15 0.5 P 5 5 06 Fertilizer / nutrient (kg/ha) - Basal (N+P+K) G- 40+40+20 35 +12+0 F 1, 2 & 5 1,2&3, 5 HY-50+40+20 - Top dress (N ) G - 40 70 P HY-50 Total General- 80+40+20 105+12+0 - - HY-. 100+50+30 07 Method of fertilizer use : - Basal Placement Broadcast P 1 1&2 - Top dress Broadcast --do-- 08 Micro nutrient (specify) : - Dose (kg/ha) 25 Kgs Zn - F 1 & 5 1, 2, & 5 - Method of application Broadcast as basal 09 Pest management IPM, Chemical Only chemical P 1 & 5 1,2&5 10 Disease management IPM, Chemical Only chemical P 1 & 5 1,2&5 11 Post harvest management Cleaning & drying Cleaning & drying N N N 12 Weed management Hand weeding Hand weeding - Mechanical Butaclor 2000 ml P 1 & 5 1, 2 & 5 - Herbicide Anilophos 1320 ml 50% or 750 ml 75% 13 Water management : - Number of irrigations 25 10 F 1, 2, 3, & 4 2, 3, &5 - Method of irrigation Check & basin Flooding 14 Land management : - Salinity/ acidity Leaching of salt, - - - - - Water logging Amendment in soil by application of pyrite

15 Method of harvesting Manual Manual N N N 16 Any other - - - - - 17 Average Yield (Q / ha.) - Grain G-40 G-25 P 1 1&2 - Fodder HY-55

(*) F = Full P = Partial N = Nil ** Code for specific reasons for gap in adoption *** Code for farmer proposed extension strategy 1- Lack of awareness 1- Training 2- Lack of finance 2- Demonstration 3- Erratic power supply 3- Linkage with credit societies. 4- Lack of canal water supply. 4- Exposure visit. 5- Non-availability of inputs. 5- Availability of inputs.

TABLE No- 37-A GAP IN ADOPTION AND PROPOSED EXTENSION STRATEGY FOR IMPROVING THE PRODUCTIVITY / INCOME FROM AGRICULTURAL CROPS

Name of Agro-Ecological Situation : I District : Vaishali Representative village: Saidabad Crop: Kharif Maize EFS : I & II Type of farmer : RR/RP Farming situation: Irrigated / Rain fed Gap in Specific Farmer Sl.No. Items of package Recommended Existing practice adoption reasons for proposed practice (F/P/N) the gap extension (*) (**) strategy (***) 01 Sowing : - Time 15 May To 15June May -June P 1,2, 1,2,4 - Method Line sowing(60x20) Broadcasting F 02 Varieties Shaktiman 1,2, Rajendr hy. 1,2, Local, Tulbuli , F 1,2,3 1,2,4,5 Deoki, kargial 03 Seed rate (per ha.) 20 k.g. 25-30 Kg. P 1 1,4 04 Seed treatment Bevestian, Nil F 1,2 1,3,4 tricoderma 05 Organic manure (tons /ha) 20 Tons / he Nil F 1,2 1,3,4 06 Fertilizer / nutrient (kg/ha) N-30 F 1,2,4 1,3,4,5 - Basal (N+P+K) P-60 F K-40 F - Top dress (N ) N - 70 N - 46 P Total 07 Method of fertilizer use : - Basal Placement Brodcasting F 1 1,4 - Top dress Brodcasting Brodcasting N 08 Micro nutrient (specify) : - Dose (kg/ha) 25 Kg. Zink Nil F 1,2 1,3,4 - Method of application Placement F 09 Pest management IPM Nil F 1,2 1,3,4 10 Disease management IPM Nil F 1,2 1,3,4 11 Post harvest management Seprestion cob by Manually F 1,2,5 1,2,3,4 maize coller & drying 12 Weed management - Mechanical Hand Weending One hand Weending F 1,2 1,3,4 - Herbicide Atraze, Semagim 1.5Kg. / He. 13 Water management : - Number of irrigations 2 Nil F 1,2,3 1,3,6 - Method of irrigation Ridge & Furrow method 14 Land management : - Salinity/ acidity - Water logging 15 Method of harvesting Manually, Harvester Manually P 1,3,4 1,2,3,4 16 Any other F 17 Average Yield (Q / ha.) - Grain 40-45 Q/ Ha. 6-8 Q/ Ha. F 1,2,3,4,5 1,2,3,4,5,6 - Fodder (*) F = Full P = Partial N = Nil

TABLE No- 37-B GAP IN ADOPTION AND PROPOSED EXTENSION STRATEGY FOR IMPROVING THE PRODUCTIVITY / INCOME FROM AGRICULTURAL CROPS

Name of Agro-Ecological Situation : II District : Vaishali Representative village:Sisani parbodhi Crop: Kharif Maize EFS : I & II Type of farmer : RR/RP Farming situation: Irrigated / Rain fed Gap in Specific Farmer Sl.No. Items of package Recommended Existing practice adoption reasons for proposed practice (F/P/N) the gap extension (*) (**) strategy (***)

01 Sowing : - Time 15 May To 15June June -July P 1,2,3 1,2,4 - Method Line sowing(60x20) Broadcasting F 02 Varieties Shaktiman 1,2, Local, Tulbuli , Rajendr hy. 1,2, kargial, Ganga -11 F 1,2,3 1,2,4,5 Deoki, 03 Seed rate (per ha.) 20 k.g. 25 Kg. P 1 1,4 04 Seed treatment Bevestian, Nil F 1,2 1,3,4 tricoderma 05 Organic manure (tons /ha) 20 Tons / he 5-10 Tons/ Ha. p 1,2 1,3,4 06 Fertilizer / nutrient (kg/ha) N-30 N-46 P 1,2,3 1,3,4,5 - Basal (N+P+K) P-60 F K-40 F - Top dress (N ) N - 70 N - 46 P Total 07 Method of fertilizer use : - Basal Placement Brodcasting F 1 1,4 - Top dress Brodcasting Brodcasting N 08 Micro nutrient (specify) : - Dose (kg/ha) 25 Kg. Zink Nil F 1,2 1,3,4 - Method of application Placement F 09 Pest management IPM Nil F 1,2 1,3,4 10 Disease management IPM Nil F 1,2 1,3,4 11 Post harvest management Seprestion cob by Manually F 1,2 1,2,3,4 maize coller & drying 12 Weed management - Mechanical Hand Weending One hand Weending F 1,2 1,3,4 - Herbicide Atraze, Semagim 1.5Kg. / He. 13 Water management : - Number of irrigations 2 Nil F 1,2 1,3 - Method of irrigation Ridge & Furrow method 14 Land management : - Salinity/ acidity - Water logging 15 Method of harvesting Manually, Harvester Manually P 1,2 1,2,3,4 16 Any other F 17 Average Yield (Q / ha.) - Grain 40-45 Q/ Ha. 20-22 Q/ Ha. F 1,2,3,4 1,2,3,4,5 - Fodder (*) F = Full P = Partial N = Nil

TABLE No- 37-C GAP IN ADOPTION AND PROPOSED EXTENSION STRATEGY FOR IMPROVING THE PRODUCTIVITY / INCOME FROM AGRICULTURAL CROPS Name of Agro-Ecological Situation : III District : Vaishali Representative Village: Karanauti Crop: Kharif Maize EFS : I & II Type of farmer : RR/RP Farming situation: Irrigated / Rain fed Gap in Specific Farmer Sl.No. Items of package Recommended Existing practice adoption reasons for proposed practice (F/P/N) the gap extension (*) (**) strategy (***) 01 Sowing : - Time 15 May To 15June may -June P 1,2 1,2,4 - Method Line sowing(60x20) Broadcasting F 02 Varieties Shaktiman 1,2, Local, Tulbuli , Rajendr hy. 1,2, Ganga -11 F 1,2,3 1,2,4,5 Deoki, 03 Seed rate (per ha.) 20 k.g. 25-30 Kg. P 1 1,4 04 Seed treatment Bevestian, Nil F 1,2 1,3,4 tricoderma 05 Organic manure (tons /ha) 20 Tons / he 10 Tons/ Ha. p 1,2 1,3,4 06 Fertilizer / nutrient (kg/ha) N-30 F 1,2,4 1,3,4,5 - Basal (N+P+K) P-60 F K-40 F - Top dress (N ) N - 70 N - 46 P Total 07 Method of fertilizer use : - Basal Placement Brodcasting F 1 1,4 - Top dress Brodcasting Brodcasting N 08 Micro nutrient (specify) : - Dose (kg/ha) 25 Kg. Zink Nil F 1,2 1,3,4 - Method of application Placement F 09 Pest management IPM Nil F 1,2 1,3,4 10 Disease management IPM Nil F 1,2 1,3,4 11 Post harvest management Seprestion cob by Manually F 1,2,5 1,2,3,4 maize coller & drying 12 Weed management - Mechanical Hand Weending One hand Weending F 1,2 1,3,4 - Herbicide Atraze, Semagim 1.5Kg. / He. 13 Water management : - Number of irrigations 2 Nil F 1,2,3 1,3,6 - Method of irrigation Ridge & Furrow method 14 Land management : - Salinity/ acidity - Water logging 15 Method of harvesting Manually, Harvester Manually P 1,3,4 1,2,3,4 16 Any other F 17 Average Yield (Q / ha.) - Grain 40-45 Q/ Ha. 10 -15 Q/ Ha. F 1,2,3,4,5 1,2,3,4,5,6 - Fodder (*) F = Full P = Partial N = Nil ** Code for specific reasons for gap in adoption *** Code for farmer proposed extension strategy 1- Lack of awareness 1- Training 2- Lack of finance 2- Demonstration 3- Lack of irrigation 3- Linkage with credit societies & banks . 4- Non-availability of Good Quality of inputs. 4- Exposure visit. 5. Lack of infrastructure 5- Availability of Good Quality of inputs . 6- Availability of irrigation .

TABLE No- 37-D GAP IN ADOPTION AND PROPOSED EXTENSION STRATEGY FOR IMPROVING THE PRODUCTIVITY / INCOME FROM AGRICULTURAL CROPS Name of AES: I District : Vaishali Representative village: Saidabad Crop: Rabi Maize EFS : I & II Type of farmer : RR/RP Farming situation: Irrigated / Rain fed Gap in Specific Farmer Sl.No. Items of package Recommended Existing practice adoption reasons for proposed practice (F/P/N) the gap extension (*) (**) strategy (***) 01 Sowing : - Time 15 Oct to 20 Nov. Nov. P 1,2, 1,2,4 - Method Line sowing(75X20) Broadcasting F 02 Varieties Shaktiman 3,4 Local, kanak , Rajendr hy. 1,2, Ganga safad -2l F 1,2,3 1,2,4,5 Laxmi , Deoki, 03 Seed rate (per ha.) 20 k.g. 25-30 Kg. P 1 1,4 04 Seed treatment Bevestian, Nil F 1,2 1,3,4 tricoderma ,thirum 05 Organic manure (tons /ha) 20 Tons / he Nil F 1,2 1,3,4 06 Fertilizer / nutrient (kg/ha) N-40 N-36 P 1,2,4 1,3,4,5 - Basal (N+P+K) P-75 P-92 F K-50 F - Top dress (N ) N - 80 N - 46 P Total 07 Method of fertilizer use : - Basal Placement Brodcasting F 1 1,4 - Top dress Brodcasting Brodcasting N 08 Micro nutrient (specify) : - Dose (kg/ha) 25 Kg. Zink Nil F 1,2 1,3,4 - Method of application Placement F 09 Pest management IPM Nil F 1,2 1,3,4 10 Disease management IPM Nil F 1,2 1,3,4 11 Post harvest management Seprestion cob by Manually F 1,2,5 1,2,3,4 maize coller & drying 12 Weed management - Mechanical Hand Weending One hand Weending F 1,2 1,3,4 - Herbicide Atraze, Semagim 1.5Kg. / He. 13 Water management : - Number of irrigations 5 2 P 1,2,3 1,3,6 - Method of irrigation Ridge & Furrow Flooding method 14 Land management : - Salinity/ acidity - Water logging 15 Method of harvesting Manually, Harvester Manually P 1,3,4 1,2,3,4 16 Any other F 17 Average Yield (Q / ha.) - Grain 60-65 Q/ Ha. 22-28 Q/ Ha. F 1,2,3,4,5 1,2,3,4,5,6 - Fodder (*) F = Full P = Partial N = Nil

** Code for specific reasons for gap in adoption *** Code for farmer proposed extension strategy 1- Lack of awareness 1- Training 2- Lack of finance 2- Demonstration 3- Lack of irrigation 3- Linkage with credit societies & banks . 4- Non-availability of Good Quality of inputs. 4- Exposure visit. 5. Lack of infrastructure 5- Availability of Good Quality of inputs . 6- Availability of irrigation .

TABLE No- 37-E GAP IN ADOPTION AND PROPOSED EXTENSION STRATEGY FOR IMPROVING THE PRODUCTIVITY / INCOME FROM AGRICULTURAL CROPS Name of Agro-Ecological Situation : II District : Vaishali Representative village: Sisani parbodhi Crop: Rabi Maize EFS : I & II Type of farmer : RR/RP Farming situation: Irrigated / Rain fed Gap in Specific Farmer Sl.No. Items of package Recommended Existing practice adoption reasons for proposed practice (F/P/N) the gap extension (*) (**) strategy (***) 01 Sowing : - Time 15 Oct to 20 Nov. Oct -Nov. P 1,2, 1,2,4 - Method Line sowing(75X20) Broadcasting F 02 Varieties Shaktiman 3,4 Local, kanak , Rajendr hy. 1,2, kargil, Ganga F 1,2,3 1,2,4,5 Laxmi , Deoki, safad -2l 03 Seed rate (per ha.) 20 k.g. 25 Kg. P 1 1,4 04 Seed treatment Bevestian, Nil F 1,2 1,3,4 tricoderma ,thirum 05 Organic manure (tons /ha) 20 Tons / he 5-10 tons P 1,2 1,3,4 06 Fertilizer / nutrient (kg/ha) N-40 N-36 P 1,2,3 1,3,4,5 - Basal (N+P+K) P-75 P-92 F K-50 F - Top dress (N ) N - 80 N - 92 P Total 07 Method of fertilizer use : - Basal Placement Brodcasting F 1 1,4 - Top dress Brodcasting Brodcasting N 08 Micro nutrient (specify) : - Dose (kg/ha) 25 Kg. Zink Nil F 1,2 1,3,4 - Method of application Placement F 09 Pest management IPM Nil F 1,2 1,3,4 10 Disease management IPM Nil F 1,2 1,3,4 11 Post harvest management Seprestion cob by Manually F 1,2 1,2,3,4 maize coller & drying 12 Weed management - Mechanical Hand Weending One hand Weending F 1,2 1,3,4 - Herbicide Atraze, Semagim 1.5Kg. / He. 13 Water management : - Number of irrigations 5 3 P 1,2 1,3 - Method of irrigation Ridge & Furrow Flooding method 14 Land management : - Salinity/ acidity - Water logging 15 Method of harvesting Manually, Harvester Manually P 1,2 1,2,3,4 16 Any other F 17 Average Yield (Q / ha.) - Grain 60-65 Q/ Ha. 30-35 Q/ Ha. F 1,2,3,4 1,2,3,4,5,6 - Fodder (*) F = Full P = Partial N = Nil

** Code for specific reasons for gap in adoption *** Code for farmer proposed extension strategy 1- Lack of awareness 1- Training 2- Lack of finance 2- Demonstration 3- Non-availability of Good Quality of inputs. 3- Linkage with credit societies & banks . 4. Lack of infrastructure 4- Exposure visit. 5- Availability of Good Quality of inputs .

TABLE No- 37-F GAP IN ADOPTION AND PROPOSED EXTENSION STRATEGY FOR IMPROVING THE PRODUCTIVITY / INCOME FROM AGRICULTURAL CROPS Name of Agro-Ecological Situation : II District : Vaishali Representative village:Karnauti Crop: Rabi Maize EFS : I & II Type of farmer : RR/RP Farming situation: Irrigated / Rain fed Gap in Specific Farmer Sl.No. Items of package Recommended Existing practice adoption reasons for proposed practice (F/P/N) the gap extension (*) (**) strategy (***) 01 Sowing : - Time 15 Oct to 20 Nov. Oct -Nov. P 1,2, 1,2,4 - Method Line sowing(75X20) Broadcasting F 02 Varieties Shaktiman 3,4 Local, kanak , Rajendr hy. 1,2, kargil, Ganga F 1,2,3 1,2,4,5 Laxmi , Deoki, safad -2l 03 Seed rate (per ha.) 20 k.g. 25 Kg. P 1 1,4 04 Seed treatment Bevestian, Nil F 1,2 1,3,4 tricoderma ,thirum 05 Organic manure (tons /ha) 20 Tons / he 5-10 tons P 1,2 1,3,4 06 Fertilizer / nutrient (kg/ha) N-40 N-36 P 1,2,4 1,3,4,5 - Basal (N+P+K) P-75 P-92 P K-50 F - Top dress (N ) N - 80 N - 92 P Total 07 Method of fertilizer use : - Basal Placement Brodcasting F 1 1,4 - Top dress Brodcasting Brodcasting N 08 Micro nutrient (specify) : - Dose (kg/ha) 25 Kg. Zink Nil F 1,2 1,3,4 - Method of application Placement F 09 Pest management IPM Nil F 1,2 1,3,4 10 Disease management IPM Nil F 1,2 1,3,4 11 Post harvest management Seprestion cob by Manually F 1,2,5 1,2,3,4 maize coller & drying 12 Weed management - Mechanical Hand Weending One hand Weending F 1,2 1,3,4 - Herbicide Atraze, Semagim 1.5Kg. / He. 13 Water management : - Number of irrigations 5 3 P 1,2,3 1,3 - Method of irrigation Ridge & Furrow Flooding method 14 Land management : - Salinity/ acidity - Water logging 15 Method of harvesting Manually, Harvester Manually P 1,3,4 1,2,3,4 16 Any other F 17 Average Yield (Q / ha.) - Grain 60-65 Q/ Ha. 28-33 Q/ Ha. F 1,2,3,45 1,2,3,4,5,6 - Fodder (*) F = Full P = Partial N = Nil

** Code for specific reasons for gap in adoption *** Code for farmer proposed extension strategy 1- Lack of awareness 1- Training 2- Lack of finance 2- Demonstration 3- Lack of irrigation 3- Linkage with credit societies & banks . 4- Non-availability of Good Quality of inputs. 4- Exposure visit. 5. Lack of infrastructure 5- Availability of Good Quality of inputs . 6- Availability of irrigation

TABLE No- 37-G GAP IN ADOPTION AND PROPOSED EXTENSION STRATEGY FOR IMPROVING THE PRODUCTIVITY / INCOME FROM AGRICULTURAL CROPS AES : I District : Vaishali Representative Village:Saidabad Crop: Wheat EFS : I & II Type of farmer : RR/RP Farming situation: Irrigated Gap in Specific Farmer Sl. Items of package Recommended practice Existing practice adoption reasons proposed No. (F/P/N) for the extension gap strategy (***) 01 Sowing : - Time 15Nov-15Dec Nov-Jan P 1,5 1,4,5 - Method Line sowing Broadcasting Normal sown UP-262, Lok I, Sonalika 02 Varieties HUW-234, PBW-443,HP- F 1,2,5 1,2,4,5 1731, RW –346, RW 3413, HD 2733 Late sown HUW 234 PBW- 373, HW- 2043, HP- 1744,HD-2285 03 Seed rate (per ha.) Early 125 138 P 1 1,4 Late 150 165 04 Seed treatment Bavistin, Vitavex, Nil F 1,2 1,4 Tricoderma 05 Organic manure (tons /ha) 15 5 P 1,2 1,3,4 06 Fertilizer / nutrient (kg/ha) - Basal (N+P+K) 60+60+40 46+30+0 P 1,2,5 1,2,3,4,5 - Top dress (N ) 60 46 P Total 120+60+40 92+30+ 0 F 07 Method of fertilizer use : - Basal Placement Broadcast F 1,2,5 1,4 - Top dress Broadcast --do-- N 08 Micro nutrient (specify) : - Dose (kg/ha) 25 Kgs Zn Nil F 1,2,5 1,3,4 - Method of application Broadcast as basal 09 Pest management IPM & Chemical Nil F 1,2 1,4 10 Disease management IPM & Chemical Nil F 1,2 1,4 11 Post harvest management Cleaning & drying Cleaning & drying N 12 Weed management Two hand weeding. One hand weeding. - Mechanical 2,4-D(Sodium Salt) 750 ml, P 1,2 1,4 - Herbicide Isoprutron 1500 gm 13 Water management : - Number of irrigations 5 2 P 1,2,4 1,3,4,6 - Method of irrigation Check & basin Flooding 14 Land management : - Salinity/ acidity - - - Water logging 15 Method of harvesting Combine/ Harvester / Manual F 1,2,3 1,3,4 Ripper 16 Any other - - - 17 Average Yield (Q / ha.) - Grain 40-50 16-22 P 1,2,3,4,5 1,2,3,4,5,6 - Fodder 40-50 20-25 (*) F = Full P = Partial N = Nil

** Code for specific reasons for gap in adoption *** Code for farmer proposed extension strategy 1- Lack of awareness 1- Training 2- Lack of finance 2- Demonstration 3- Lack of Infrastructure. 3- Linkage with credit societies & Banks . 4- Lack of Irrigation 4- Exposure visit. 5- Non-availability of inputs. 5- Availability of Good Quality of inputs . 6. Availability of irrigation

TABLE No- 37-H GAP IN ADOPTION AND PROPOSED EXTENSION STRATEGY FOR IMPROVING THE PRODUCTIVITY / INCOME FROM AGRICULTURAL CROPS Name of Agro-Ecological Situation : II District : Vaishali Representative village:Sisauni parbodhi Crop: Wheat EFS : I & II Type of farmer : RR/RP Farming situation: Irrigated Gap in Specific Farmer Sl. Items of package Recommended practice Existing practice adoption reasons proposed No. (F/P/N) for the extension gap strategy (***) 01 Sowing : - Time 15Nov-15Dec Nov-Jan P 1,5 1,4,5 - Method Line sowing Broadcasting Normal sown UP-262, Lok I, Sonalika 02 Varieties HUW-234, PBW-443,HP- HD-2285, RR- 21 F 1,2,5 1,2,4,5 1731, RW –346, RW 3413, HD 2733 Late sown HUW 234 PBW- 373, HW- 2043, HP- 1744,HD-2285 03 Seed rate (per ha.) Early 125 150 P 1 1,4 Late 150 165 04 Seed treatment Bavistin, Vitavex, Nil F 1,2 1,4 Tricoderma 05 Organic manure (tons /ha) 15 10 P 1,2 1,3,4 06 Fertilizer / nutrient (kg/ha) - Basal (N+P+K) 60+60+40 46+46+0 P 1,2,5 1,2,3,4,5 - Top dress (N ) 60 92 P Total 120+60+40 138+46+ 0 P 07 Method of fertilizer use : - Basal Placement Broadcast F 1,2,5 1,4 - Top dress Broadcast --do-- N 08 Micro nutrient (specify) : - Dose (kg/ha) 25 Kgs Zn Nil F 1,2,5 1,3,4 - Method of application Broadcast as basal 09 Pest management IPM & Chemical Nil F 1,2 1,4 10 Disease management IPM & Chemical Nil F 1,2 1,4 11 Post harvest management Cleaning & drying Cleaning & drying N 12 Weed management Two hand weeding. One hand weeding. - Mechanical 2,4-D(Sodium Salt) 750 ml, P 1,2 1,4 - Herbicide Isoprutron 1500 gm 13 Water management : - Number of irrigations 5 3 P 1,2,4 1,3,4,6 - Method of irrigation Check & basin Flooding 14 Land management : - Salinity/ acidity - - - Water logging 15 Method of harvesting Combine/ Harvester / Manual F 1,2,3 1,3,4 Ripper 16 Any other - - - 17 Average Yield (Q / ha.) - Grain 40-50 22-25 P 1,2,3,4,5 1,2,3,4,5,6 - Fodder 40-50 25-30

TABLE NO. 37-I GAP IN ADOPTION AND PROPOSED EXTENSION STRATEGY FOR IMPROVING THE PRODUCTIVITY / INCOME FROM AGRICULTURAL CROPS Name of Agro-Ecological Situation : III District : Vaishali Representative village: Karanauti Crop: Wheat EFS : I & II Type of farmer : RR/RP Farming situation: Irrigated Gap in Specific Farmer Sl. Items of package Recommended practice Existing practice adoption reasons proposed No. (F/P/N) for the extension gap strategy (***) 01 Sowing : - Time 15Nov-15Dec Nov-Jan P 1,5 1,4,5 - Method Line sowing Broadcasting Normal sown UP-262, Lok I, Sonalika 02 Varieties HUW-234, PBW-443,HP- HD-2285 F 1,2,5 1,2,4,5 1731, RW –346, RW 3413, HD 2733 Late sown HUW 234 PBW- 373, HW- 2043, HP- 1744,HD-2285 03 Seed rate (per ha.) Early 125 165 P 1 1,4 Late 150 165 04 Seed treatment Bavistin, Vitavex, Nil F 1,2 1,4 Tricoderma 05 Organic manure (tons /ha) 15 10 P 1,2 1,3,4 06 Fertilizer / nutrient (kg/ha) - Basal (N+P+K) 60+60+40 46+46+0 P 1,2,5 1,2,3,4,5 - Top dress (N ) 60 46 P Total 120+60+40 92+46+ 0 P 07 Method of fertilizer use : - Basal Placement Broadcast F 1,2,5 1,4 - Top dress Broadcast --do-- N 08 Micro nutrient (specify) : - Dose (kg/ha) 25 Kgs Zn Nil F 1,2,5 1,3,4 - Method of application Broadcast as basal 09 Pest management IPM & Chemical Nil F 1,2 1,4 10 Disease management IPM & Chemical Nil F 1,2 1,4 11 Post harvest management Cleaning & drying Cleaning & drying N 12 Weed management Two hand weeding. One hand weeding. - Mechanical 2,4-D(Sodium Salt) 750 ml, P 1,2 1,4 - Herbicide Isoprutron 1500 gm 13 Water management : - Number of irrigations 5 2 P 1,2,4 1,3,4,6 - Method of irrigation Check & basin Flooding 14 Land management : - Salinity/ acidity - - - Water logging 15 Method of harvesting Combine/ Harvester / Manual F 1,2,3 1,3,4 Ripper 16 Any other - - - 17 Average Yield (Q / ha.) - Grain 40-50 17-22 P 1,2,3,4,5 1,2,3,4,5,6 - Fodder 40-50 25-30

TABLE NO. 37-J GAP IN ADOPTION AND PROPOSED EXTENSION STRATEGY FOR IMPROVING THE PRODUCTIVITY / INCOME FROM AGRICULTURAL CROPS Name of Agro-Ecological Situation : III District : Vaishali Representative village: Karanauti Crop: Wheat EFS : I & II Type of farmer : RR/RP Farming situation: Rainfed Gap in Specific Farmer Sl. Items of package Recommended practice Existing practice adoption reasons proposed No. (F/P/N) for the extension gap strategy (***) 01 Sowing : - Time 1Nov.- 15 Nov. Nov-Jan P 1,5 1,4,5 - Method Line sowing Broadcasting C-306, K-8027, RW- 3016 Local, UP-262 02 Varieties F 1,2,5 1,2,4,5 03 Seed rate (per ha.) 125 165 P 1 1,4

04 Seed treatment Bavistin, Vitavex, Nil F 1,2 1,4 Tricoderma 05 Organic manure (tons /ha) 15 Nil P 1,2 1,3,4 06 Fertilizer / nutrient (kg/ha) - Basal (N+P+K) 40+30+20 N-46 F 1,2,5 1,2,3,4,5 - Top dress (N ) 20 Total 60+30+20 07 Method of fertilizer use : - Basal Placement Broadcast F 1,2,5 1,4 - Top dress Broadcast --do-- N 08 Micro nutrient (specify) : - Dose (kg/ha) 25 Kgs Zn Nil F 1,2,5 1,3,4 - Method of application Broadcast as basal 09 Pest management IPM & Chemical Nil F 1,2 1,4 10 Disease management IPM & Chemical Nil F 1,2 1,4 11 Post harvest management Cleaning & drying Cleaning & drying N 12 Weed management Two hand weeding. Nil - Mechanical 2,4-D(Sodium Salt) 750 ml, P 1,2 1,4 - Herbicide Isoprutron 1500 gm 13 Water management : - Number of irrigations 2 Nil P 1,2,4 1,3,4,6 - Method of irrigation Check & basin 14 Land management : - Salinity/ acidity - - - Water logging 15 Method of harvesting Combine/ Harvester / Manual F 1,2,3 1,3,4 Ripper 16 Any other - - - 17 Average Yield (Q / ha.) - Grain 20-25 11-14 P 1,2,3,4,5 1,2,3,4,5,6 - Fodder 20-25 11-14 ** Code for specific reasons for gap in adoption *** Code for farmer proposed extension strategy 1- Lack of awareness 1- Training 2- Lack of finance 2- Demonstration 3- Lack of Infrastructure. 3- Linkage with credit societies & Banks . 4- Lack of Irrigation 4- Exposure visit. 5- Non-availability of inputs. 5- Availability of Good Quality of inputs . 6. Availability of irrigation

TABLE No- 37-K GAP IN ADOPTION AND PROPOSED EXTENSION STRATEGY FOR IMPROVING THE PRODUCTIVITY / INCOME FROM AGRICULTURAL CROPS Name of Agro-Ecological Situation : II District : Vaishali Representative village: Sisauni parbodhi Crop: Paddy EFS : I & II Type of farmer : RR/RP Farming situation: Irrigated Gap in Specific Farmer Sl.No. Items of package Recommen-ded Existing practice adoption reasons for proposed practice (F/P/N) the gap extension (*) (**) strategy (***) 01 Sowing : - Time June-July June-Aug. P 1, 2 ,5 1, 3,4,5 - Method Transplanting Transplanting 02 Varieties Turanta,Rajendra Local, Sita, Mahsuri Masuri - I,, Prabhat, ,Parbal , Raj shri P 1,2,5 1, 2,3,4,5 Saket ,Pusha -2-21 , IR-36 Jaya, Sita, Raj shri 03 Seed rate (per ha.) 40 55 P 1 1,4 04 Seed treatment Streptocyclin+ Nil F 1, 2,5 1,3,4, 5 Emisan/Bavistin 05 Organic manure (tons /ha) 15 5 P 1,2,3 1,3,4 06 Fertilizer / nutrient (kg/ha) - Basal (N+P+K) 50+40+20 N-46 F 1, 2, 5 1,3,4, 5 - Top dress (N ) 50 92 P

Total 100+40+20 N-138 - -

07 Method of fertilizer use : - Basal Placement Broadcast P 1 1,2,4 - Top dress Broadcast --do-- 08 Micro nutrient (specify) : - Dose (kg/ha) 25 Kgs Zn Nil F 1,2 1, 2, 3,4, 5 - Method of application Broadcast as basal 09 Pest management IPM, Chemical Only chemical P 1, 5 1,2,5 10 Disease management IPM, Chemical Only chemical P 1 ,5 1,2,5 11 Post harvest management Cleaning & drying Cleaning & drying N N N 12 Weed management Hand weeding Hand weeding - Mechanical Butaclor 2000 ml P 1 , 5 1, 2 , 5 - Herbicide Anilophos 1320 ml 50% or 750 ml 75% 13 Water management : 5 C.M. Depth Water - Number of irrigations logging 5 Days 2-3 1, 2, 3, 4 1, 3,4 ,6 - Method of irrigation after transplanting Flooding P to 15Days before Harassing 14 Land management : Leaching of salt, - Salinity/ acidity Amendment in soil by Nil F - - - Water logging application of pyrite 15 Method of harvesting Manual Manual N N N 16 Any other - - - - - 17 Average Yield (Q / ha.) - Grain G-40 G-22 P 1,2,3,4,5 1,2,3,4,5,6 - Fodder HY-55 (*) F = Full P = Partial N = Nil ** Code for specific reasons for gap in adoption *** Code for farmer proposed extension strategy 1- Lack of awareness 1- Training 2- Lack of finance 2- Demonstration 3- Lack of infrastructure . 3- Linkage with credit societies. 4- Lack of State Tube well . 4- Exposure visit. 5- Non-availability of inputs. 5- Availability of inputs. 6- Availability of State tube well .

TABLE No- 37-L GAP IN ADOPTION AND PROPOSED EXTENSION STRATEGY FOR IMPROVING THE PRODUCTIVITY / INCOME FROM AGRICULTURAL CROPS Name of Agro-Ecological Situation : III District : Vaishali Representative village: Karanauti Crop: Paddy EFS : I & II Type of farmer : RR/RP Farming situation: Irrigated Gap in Specific Farmer Sl.No. Items of package Recommen-ded Existing practice adoption reasons for proposed practice (F/P/N) the gap extension (*) (**) strategy (***) 01 Sowing : - Time June-July June-Aug. P 1, 2 ,5 1, 3,4,5 - Method Transplanting Transplanting 02 Varieties Turanta,Rajendra Local, Sita, Mahsuri Masuri - I,, Prabhat, ,Parbal P 1,2,5 1, 2,3,4,5 Saket ,Pusha -2-21 , IR-36 Jaya, Sita, Raj shri 03 Seed rate (per ha.) 40 55 P 1 1,4 04 Seed treatment Streptocyclin+ Nil F 1, 2,5 1,3,4, 5 Emisan/Bavistin 05 Organic manure (tons /ha) 15 10 P 1,2,3 1,3,4 06 Fertilizer / nutrient (kg/ha) - Basal (N+P+K) 50+40+20 N- 46 F 1, 2, 5 1,3,4, 5 - Top dress (N ) 50 92 P

Total 100+40+20 N-138 - -

07 Method of fertilizer use : - Basal Placement Broadcast P 1 1,2,4 - Top dress Broadcast --do-- 08 Micro nutrient (specify) : - Dose (kg/ha) 25 Kgs Zn Nil F 1,2 1, 2, 3,4, 5 - Method of application Broadcast as basal 09 Pest management IPM, Chemical Only chemical P 1, 5 1,2,5 10 Disease management IPM, Chemical Only chemical P 1 ,5 1,2,5 11 Post harvest management Cleaning & drying Cleaning & drying N N N 12 Weed management Hand weeding Hand weeding - Mechanical Butaclor 2000 ml P 1 , 5 1, 2 , 5 - Herbicide Anilophos 1320 ml 50% or 750 ml 75% 13 Water management : 5 C.M. Depth Water - Number of irrigations logging 5 Days 2-3 1, 2, 3, 4 1, 3,4 ,6 - Method of irrigation after transplanting Flooding P to 15Days before Harassing 14 Land management : Leaching of salt, - Salinity/ acidity Amendment in soil by Nil F - - - Water logging application of pyrite 15 Method of harvesting Manual Manual N N N 16 Any other - - - - - 17 Average Yield (Q / ha.) - Grain G-40 G-22 P 1,2,3,4,5 1,2,3,4,5,6 - Fodder HY-55 (*) F = Full P = Partial N = Nil ** Code for specific reasons for gap in adoption *** Code for farmer proposed extension strategy 1- Lack of awareness 1- Training 2- Lack of finance 2- Demonstration 3- Lack of infrastructure . 3- Linkage with credit societies. 4- Non operation of State Tube well . 4- Exposure visit. 5- Non-availability of inputs. 5- Availability of inputs. 6- Operation of State tube well .

TABLE No- 37-M GAP IN ADOPTION AND PROPOSED EXTENSION STRATEGY FOR IMPROVING THE PRODUCTIVITY / INCOME FROM AGRICULTURAL CROPS Name of Agro-Ecological Situation : III District : Vaishali Representative village: Karanauti Crop: Paddy EFS : I & II Type of farmer : RR/RP Farming situation: Rain fed Gap in Specific Farmer Sl.No. Items of package Recommen-ded Existing practice adoption reasons for proposed practice (F/P/N) the gap extension (*) (**) strategy (***) 01 Sowing : - Time May - June May P 1, 2 ,5 1, 3,4,5 - Method Transplanting Broadcasting / Transplanting 02 Varieties Rajshri, manshuri , Local, Bakol, Sakauntala ,Saytyam khaddar , F 1,2,5 1, 2,3,4,5 , Rajendra Sweta, BR-8,Janki, 03 Seed rate (per ha.) 40 kg / ha 55kg/ha P 1 1,4 04 Seed treatment Streptocyclin+ Nil F 1, 2,5 1,3,4, 5 Bavistin 05 Organic manure (tons /ha) 15 Nil F 1,2,3 1,3,4 06 Fertilizer / nutrient (kg/ha) - Basal (N+P+K) 50+40+20 46+0+0 F 1, 2, 5 1,3,4, 5 - Top dress (N ) 50 45

Total 100+40+20 91+0+0 - - 07 Method of fertilizer use : - Basal Placement Broadcast P 1 1,2,4 - Top dress Broadcast --do-- 08 Micro nutrient (specify) : - Dose (kg/ha) 25 Kgs Zn Nil F 1,2 1, 2, 3,4, 5 - Method of application Broadcast as basal 09 Pest management IPM, Chemical Nil F 1, 5 1,2,5 10 Disease management IPM, Chemical Nil F 1 ,5 1,2,5 11 Post harvest management Cleaning & drying Cleaning & drying N N N 12 Weed management - Mechanical Hand weeding Hand weeding P 1 , 5 1, 2 , 5 - Herbicide Butaclor 2000 ml Nil F

13 Water management : 5 C.M. Depth Water - Number of irrigations logging 5 Days Nil 1, 2, 3, 4 1, 3,4 ,6 - Method of irrigation after transplanting (Water logged F to 15Days before Condition exists for Harvesting major period) 14 Land management : Leaching of salt, - Salinity/ acidity Amendment in soil by Nil F - - - Water logging application of pyrite 15 Method of harvesting Manual Manual N N N 16 Any other - - - - - 17 Average Yield (Q / ha.) - Grain G-20-25 G-11-14 P 1,2,3,4,5 1,2,3,4,5,6 - Fodder HY-40 (*) F = Full P = Partial N = Nil ** Code for specific reasons for gap in adoption *** Code for farmer proposed extension strategy 1- Lack of awareness 1- Training 2- Lack of finance 2- Demonstration 3- Lack of infrastructure . 3- Linkage with credit societies. 4- Non operation of State Tube well . 4- Exposure visit. 5- Non-availability of inputs. 5- Availability of inputs. 6- Operation of State tube well .

TABLE No- 37-N GAP IN ADOPTION AND PROPOSED EXTENSION STRATEGY FOR IMPROVING THE PRODUCTIVITY / INCOME FROM AGRICULTURAL CROPS

Name of Agro-Ecological Situation : I District : Vaishali Representative village: Saidabad Crop: Mustard EFS : I & II Type of farmer : RR/RP Farming situation: Irrigated Gap in Specific Farmer Sl.No. Items of package Recommen-ded Existing practice adoption reasons for proposed practice (F/P/N) the gap extension (*) (**) strategy (***) 01 Sowing : - Time 10-20 October Oct to November P 1,2,5 1,2,3,4,5 - Method Line Sowing Broadcasting 02 Varieties Rajendra Sarso I, Local F 1,2,5 1,2,3,4,5 Swarna, Pusa Bold, Rajendra Rai, Kranti, Pusa Jaikishan 03 Seed rate (per ha.) 5 Kg / ha 8 Kg/ ha P 1 1,2 04 Seed treatment Bavistin Nil F 1,5 1,2,5 05 Organic manure (tons /ha) 10 ton Nil F 1,2 1,2,.3,4 06 Fertilizer / nutrient (kg/ha) - Basal (N+P+K) 30+40+40 18+46+0 P 1,2,5 1,2,3,4,5

- Top dress (N ) 30 4 6 Total 60+40+40 64+46+0 07 Method of fertilizer use : - Basal Placement Broadcasting P 1,5 1,4 - Top dress Broadcasting Broadcasting N 08 Micro nutrient (specify) : - Dose (kg/ha) 20 kg/ha 1,5 1,4 - Method of application Basal Placement Nil F 09 Pest management IPM, Chemical Chemical P 1 1,4 10 Disease management IPM, Chemical Chemical P 1 1,4 11 Post harvest management Hand Picking and Hand Picking and Storage in Bags Storage in Bags N 12 Weed management - Mechanical Hand Weeding Hand Weeding N - Herbicide 13 Water management : - Number of irrigations Check and Basin Flooding F 1,2,3,4 1,3,4 - Method of irrigation Method & Sprinklers 14 Land management : - Salinity/ acidity Pyrite / Lime Nil F 1,2 1,3 - Water logging Drainage Drainage N 15 Method of harvesting Hand Picking Hand Picking N 16 Any other 17 Average Yield (Q / ha.) - Grain 15-20 5-7 P 1,2,3,4,5 1,2,3,4,5 - Fodder (*) F = Full P = Partial N = Nil ** Code for specific reasons for gap in adoption *** Code for farmer proposed extension strategy 1- Lack of awareness 1- Training 2- Lack of finance 2- Demonstration 3- Erratic power supply 3- Linkage with credit societies. 4- Lack of irrigation . 4- Exposure visit. 5- Non-availability of inputs. 5- Availability of inputs.

TABLE No- 37-O GAP IN ADOPTION AND PROPOSED EXTENSION STRATEGY FOR IMPROVING THE PRODUCTIVITY / INCOME FROM AGRICULTURAL CROPS Name of Agro-Ecological Situation : II District : Vaishali Representative village: Sisauni Prabodhi Crop: Mustard EFS : I & II Type of farmer : RR/RP Farming situation: Irrigated Gap in Specific Farmer Sl.No. Items of package Recommen-ded Existing practice adoption reasons for proposed practice (F/P/N) the gap extension (*) (**) strategy (***) 01 Sowing : - Time 10-20 October Oct to November P 1,2,5 1,2,3,4,5 - Method Line Sowing Broadcasting 02 Varieties Rajendra Sarso I, Local F 1,2,5 1,2,3,4,5 Swarna, Pusa Bold, Rajendra Rai, Kranti, Pusa Jaikishan 03 Seed rate (per ha.) 5 Kg / ha 8 Kg/ ha P 1 1,2 04 Seed treatment Bavistin Nil F 1,5 1,2,5 05 Organic manure (tons /ha) 10 ton Nil F 1,2 1,2,.3,4 06 Fertilizer / nutrient (kg/ha) - Basal (N+P+K) 30+40+40 18+46+0 P 1,2,5 1,2,3,4,5

- Top dress (N ) 30 46 Total 60+40+40 64+46+0 07 Method of fertilizer use : - Basal Placement Broadcasting P 1,5 1,4 - Top dress Broadcasting Broadcasting N 08 Micro nutrient (specify) : - Dose (kg/ha) 20 kg/ha 1,5 1,4 - Method of application Basal Placement Nil F 09 Pest management IPM, Chemical Chemical P 1 1,4 10 Disease management IPM, Chemical Chemical P 1 1,4 11 Post harvest management Hand Picking and Hand Picking and Storage in Bags Storage in Bags N 12 Weed management - Mechanical Hand Weeding Hand Weeding N - Herbicide 13 Water management : - Number of irrigations Check and Basin Flooding F 1,2,3,4 1,3,4 - Method of irrigation Method & Sprinklers 14 Land management : - Salinity/ acidity Pyrite / Lime Nil F 1,2 1,3 - Water logging Drainage Drainage N 15 Method of harvesting Hand Picking Hand Picking N 16 Any other 17 Average Yield (Q / ha.) - Grain 15-20 10 -12 P 1,2,3,4,5 1,2,3,4,5 - Fodder (*) F = Full P = Partial N = Nil ** Code for specific reasons for gap in adoption *** Code for farmer proposed extension strategy 1- Lack of awareness 1- Training 2- Lack of finance 2- Demonstration 3- Erratic power supply 3- Linkage with credit societies. 4- Lack of irrigation . 4- Exposure visit. 5- Non-availability of inputs. 5- Availability of inputs.

TABLE No- 37-P

GAP IN ADOPTION AND PROPOSED EXTENSION STRATEGY FOR IMPROVING THE PRODUCTIVITY / INCOME FROM AGRICULTURAL CROPS Name of Agro-Ecological Situation : III District : Vaishali Representative village: Karnauti Crop: Mustard EFS : I & II Type of farmer : RR/RP Farming situation: Irrigated Gap in Specific Farmer Sl.No. Items of package Recommen-ded Existing practice adoption reasons for proposed practice (F/P/N) the gap extension (*) (**) strategy (***) 01 Sowing : - Time 10-20 October Oct to November P 1,2,5 1,2,3,4,5 - Method Line Sowing Broadcasting 02 Varieties Rajendra Sarso I, Local F 1,2,5 1,2,3,4,5 Swarna, Pusa Bold, Rajendra Rai, Kranti, Pusa Jaikishan 03 Seed rate (per ha.) 5 Kg / ha 8 Kg/ ha P 1 1,2 04 Seed treatment Bavistin Nil F 1,5 1,2,5 05 Organic manure (tons /ha) 10 ton Nil F 1,2 1,2,.3,4 06 Fertilizer / nutrient (kg/ha) - Basal (N+P+K) 30+40+40 18+46+0 P 1,2,5 1,2,3,4,5

- Top dress (N ) 30 46 Total 60+40+40 64+46+0 07 Method of fertilizer use : - Basal Placement Broadcasting P 1,5 1,4 - Top dress Broadcasting Broadcasting N 08 Micro nutrient (specify) : - Dose (kg/ha) 20 kg/ha 1,5 1,4 - Method of application Basal Placement Nil F 09 Pest management IPM, Chemical Chemical P 1 1,4 10 Disease management IPM, Chemical Chemical P 1 1,4 11 Post harvest management Hand Picking and Hand Picking and Storage in Bags Storage in Bags N 12 Weed management - Mechanical Hand Weeding Hand Weeding N - Herbicide 13 Water management : - Number of irrigations Check and Basin Flooding F 1,2,3,4 1,3,4 - Method of irrigation Method & Sprinklers 14 Land management : - Salinity/ acidity Pyrite / Lime Nil F 1,2 1,3 - Water logging Drainage Drainage N 15 Method of harvesting Hand Picking Hand Picking F 16 Any other 17 Average Yield (Q / ha.) - Grain 15-20 11-12 P 1,2,3,4,5 1,2,3,4,5 - Fodder (*) F = Full P = Partial N = Nil ** Code for specific reasons for gap in adoption *** Code for farmer proposed extension strategy 1- Lack of awareness 1- Training 2- Lack of finance 2- Demonstration 3- Erratic power supply 3- Linkage with credit societies. 4- Lack of irrigation . 4- Exposure visit. 5- Non-availability of inputs. 5- Availability of inputs.

TABLE No- 37-Q GAP IN ADOPTION AND PROPOSED EXTENSION STRATEGY FOR IMPROVING THE PRODUCTIVITY / INCOME FROM AGRICULTURAL CROPS Name of Agro-Ecological Situation : I District: Vaishali Representative village: Saidabad Crop: Arhar EFS : I&II Type of farmer : RP Farming situation: Irrigated Gap in Specific Farmer Sl.No. Items of package Recommen-ded Existing practice adoption reasons for proposed practice (F/P/N) the gap extension (*) (**) strategy (***) 01 Sowing : - Time 15 July- 15 aug. July- aug. P 1,2,5 1,2,3,4,5 - Method Line sowing. Broadcasting 02 Varieties Bhahar, BR-65 Local, Bhahar 1,2,5 1,2,3,4,5 Pusha -9 P 03 Seed rate (per ha.) 50 55 P 1 1,2 04 Seed treatment Rhizobium culture, Nil F 1,5 1,2,5 captan ,thiram 05 Organic manure (tons /ha) - - - 1,2 1,2,.3,4 06 Fertilizer / nutrient (kg/ha) - Basal (N+P+K) 100 Kg. DAP Nil F 1,2,5 1,2,3,4,5 - Top dress (N ) 10 _ Total 07 Method of fertilizer use : - Basal Placement Brodcasting F 1,5 1,4 - Top dress Brodcasting 08 Micro nutrient (specify) : - Dose (kg/ha) _ _ - 1,5 1,4 - Method of application 09 Pest management IPM Nil F 1 1,4 10 Disease management IPM Nil F 1 1,4 11 Post harvest management Cleaning& drying Cleaning& drying N 12 Weed management - Mechanical Two Hand weeding Nil F - Herbicide at 25 & 45 days 13 Water management : - Number of irrigations 2 Nil F 1,2,3,4 1,3,4 - Method of irrigation Check & basin 14 Land management : - Salinity/ acidity - - - 1,2 1,3 - Water logging 15 Method of harvesting Mannual Mannual N 16 Any other - - - 17 Average Yield (Q / ha.) - Grain 16-20 8-10 P 1,2,3,4,5 1,2,3,4,5 - Fodder - - (*) F = Full P = Partial N = Nil ** Code for specific reasons for gap in adoption *** Code for farmer proposed extension strategy 1- Lack of awareness 1- Training 2- Lack of finance 2- Demonstration 3- Erratic power supply 3- Linkage with credit societies. 4- Lack of irrigation . 4- Exposure visit. 5- Non-availability of inputs. 5- Availability of inputs.

TABLE No- 37-R GAP IN ADOPTION AND PROPOSED EXTENSION STRATEGY FOR IMPROVING THE PRODUCTIVITY / INCOME FROM AGRICULTURAL CROPS

Name of Agro-Ecological Situation : II District: Vaishali Representative village: Sisauni parbodhi Crop: Arhar EFS : I&II Type of farmer : RP Farming situation: Irrigated Gap in Specific Farmer Sl.No. Items of package Recommen-ded Existing practice adoption reasons for proposed practice (F/P/N) the gap extension (*) (**) strategy (***) 01 Sowing : - Time 15 July- 15 aug. July- aug. P 1,2,5 1,2,3,4,5 - Method Line sowing. Broadcasting 02 Varieties Bhahar, BR-65 Local, Bhahar 1,2,5 1,2,3,4,5 Pusha -9 P 03 Seed rate (per ha.) 50 55 P 1 1,2 04 Seed treatment Rhizobium culture, Nil F 1,5 1,2,5 captan ,thiram 05 Organic manure (tons /ha) - - - 1,2 1,2,.3,4 06 Fertilizer / nutrient (kg/ha) - Basal (N+P+K) 100 Kg. DAP Nil F 1,2,5 1,2,3,4,5 - Top dress (N ) 10 _ Total 07 Method of fertilizer use : - Basal Placement Brodcasting F 1,5 1,4 - Top dress Brodcasting 08 Micro nutrient (specify) : - Dose (kg/ha) _ _ - 1,5 1,4 - Method of application 09 Pest management IPM Nil F 1 1,4 10 Disease management IPM Nil F 1 1,4 11 Post harvest management Cleaning& drying Cleaning& drying N 12 Weed management - Mechanical Two Hand weeding Nil F - Herbicide at 25 & 45 days 13 Water management : - Number of irrigations 2 Nil F 1,2,3,4 1,3,4 - Method of irrigation Check & basin 14 Land management : - Salinity/ acidity - - - 1,2 1,3 - Water logging 15 Method of harvesting Mannual Mannual N 16 Any other - - - 17 Average Yield (Q / ha.) - Grain 16-20 10-11 P 1,2,3,4,5 1,2,3,4,5 - Fodder - - (*) F = Full P = Partial N = Nil ** Code for specific reasons for gap in adoption *** Code for farmer proposed extension strategy 1- Lack of awareness 1- Training 2- Lack of finance 2- Demonstration 3- Erratic power supply 3- Linkage with credit societies. 4- Lack of irrigation . 4- Exposure visit. 5- Non-availability of inputs. 5- Availability of inputs.

TABLE No- 37-S GAP IN ADOPTION AND PROPOSED EXTENSION STRATEGY FOR IMPROVING THE PRODUCTIVITY / INCOME FROM AGRICULTURAL CROPS

Name of Agro-Ecological Situation : III District: Vaishali Representative village: Karanauti Crop: Arhar EFS : I&II Type of farmer : RP Farming situation: Irrigated Gap in Specific Farmer Sl.No. Items of package Recommen-ded Existing practice adoption reasons for proposed practice (F/P/N) the gap extension (*) (**) strategy (***) 01 Sowing : - Time 15 July- 15 aug. July- aug. P 1,2,5 1,2,3,4,5 - Method Line sowing. Broadcasting 02 Varieties Bhahar, BR-65 Local, Bhahar 1,2,5 1,2,3,4,5 Pusha -9 P 03 Seed rate (per ha.) 50 55 P 1 1,2 04 Seed treatment Rhizobium culture, Nil F 1,5 1,2,5 captan ,thiram 05 Organic manure (tons /ha) - - - 1,2 1,2,.3,4 06 Fertilizer / nutrient (kg/ha) - Basal (N+P+K) 100 Kg. DAP Nil F 1,2,5 1,2,3,4,5 - Top dress (N ) 10 _ Total 07 Method of fertilizer use : - Basal Placement Brodcasting F 1,5 1,4 - Top dress Brodcasting 08 Micro nutrient (specify) : - Dose (kg/ha) _ _ - 1,5 1,4 - Method of application 09 Pest management IPM Nil F 1 1,4 10 Disease management IPM Nil F 1 1,4 11 Post harvest management Cleaning& drying Cleaning& drying N 12 Weed management - Mechanical Two Hand weeding Nil F - Herbicide at 25 & 45 days 13 Water management : - Number of irrigations 2 Nil F 1,2,3,4 1,3,4 - Method of irrigation Check & basin 14 Land management : - Salinity/ acidity - - - 1,2 1,3 - Water logging 15 Method of harvesting Mannual Mannual N 16 Any other - - - 17 Average Yield (Q / ha.) - Grain 16-20 8-10 P 1,2,3,4,5 1,2,3,4,5 - Fodder - - (*) F = Full P = Partial N = Nil ** Code for specific reasons for gap in adoption *** Code for farmer proposed extension strategy 1- Lack of awareness 1- Training 2- Lack of finance 2- Demonstration 3- Erratic power supply 3- Linkage with credit societies. 4- Lack of irrigation . 4- Exposure visit. 5- Non-availability of inputs. 5- Availability of inputs.

TABLE No- 37-T GAP IN ADOPTION AND PROPOSED EXTENSION STRATEGY FOR IMPROVING THE PRODUCTIVITY / INCOME FROM AGRICULTURAL CROPS

Name of Agro-Ecological Situation : I District: Vaishali Representative village: Saidabad Crop: Gram EFS : I&II Type of farmer : RP Farming situation: Irrigated Gap in Specific Farmer Sl.No. Items of package Recommen-ded Existing practice adoption reasons for proposed practice (F/P/N) the gap extension (*) (**) strategy (***) 01 Sowing : - Time 15 Oct.- 30 Nov.. Nov. P 1,2,5 1,2,3,4,5 - Method Line sowing. Broadcasting 02 Varieties P-256, P-240, P- Local 1,2,5 1,2,3,4,5 372, Rajendra chana P 03 Seed rate (per ha.) 80 100 P 1 1,2 04 Seed treatment Rhizobium culture, Nil F 1,5 1,2,5 captan ,thiram ,Vebastin 05 Organic manure (tons /ha) - - - 1,2 1,2,.3,4 06 Fertilizer / nutrient (kg/ha) - Basal (N+P+K) 20 +40+0 Nil F 1,2,5 1,2,3,4,5 - Top dress (N ) _ Total 07 Method of fertilizer use : - Basal Placement Nil F 1,5 1,4 - Top dress 08 Micro nutrient (specify) : - Dose (kg/ha) _ _ - 1,5 1,4 - Method of application 09 Pest management IPM Nil F 1 1,4 10 Disease management IPM Nil F 1 1,4 11 Post harvest management Cleaning& drying Cleaning& drying N 12 Weed management - Mechanical One Hand weeding Nil F - Herbicide at 25 & 30 days 13 Water management : - Number of irrigations 2 Nil F 1,2,3,4 1,3,4 - Method of irrigation Check & basin, Sprinklar 14 Land management : - Salinity/ acidity - - - 1,2 1,3 - Water logging 15 Method of harvesting Mannual Mannual N 16 Any other - - - 17 Average Yield (Q / ha.) - Grain 15-20 8-10 P 1,2,3,4,5 1,2,3,4,5 - Fodder - - (*) F = Full P = Partial N = Nil ** Code for specific reasons for gap in adoption *** Code for farmer proposed extension strategy 1- Lack of awareness 1- Training 2- Lack of finance 2- Demonstration 3- Erratic power supply 3- Linkage with credit societies. 4- Lack of irrigation . 4- Exposure visit. 5- Non-availability of inputs. 5- Availability of inputs.

TABLE No- 37-U GAP IN ADOPTION AND PROPOSED EXTENSION STRATEGY FOR IMPROVING THE PRODUCTIVITY / INCOME FROM AGRICULTURAL CROPS

Name of Agro-Ecological Situation : II District: Vaishali Representative village: Sasauni parbodhi Crop: Gram EFS : I&II Type of farmer : RP Farming situation: Irrigated Gap in Specific Farmer Sl.No. Items of package Recommen-ded Existing practice adoption reasons for proposed practice (F/P/N) the gap extension (*) (**) strategy (***) 01 Sowing : - Time 15 Oct.- 30 Nov.. Nov. Dec. P 1,2,5 1,2,3,4,5 - Method Line sowing. Broadcasting 02 Varieties P-256, P-240, P- Local, Rajendra 1,2,5 1,2,3,4,5 372, Rajendra chana chana P 03 Seed rate (per ha.) 80 100 P 1 1,2 04 Seed treatment Rhizobium culture, Nil F 1,5 1,2,5 captan ,thiram ,Vebastin 05 Organic manure (tons /ha) - - - 1,2 1,2,.3,4 06 Fertilizer / nutrient (kg/ha) - Basal (N+P+K) 20 +40+0 20+0+0 F 1,2,5 1,2,3,4,5 - Top dress (N ) _ Total 07 Method of fertilizer use : - Basal Placement Nil F 1,5 1,4 - Top dress 08 Micro nutrient (specify) : - Dose (kg/ha) _ _ - 1,5 1,4 - Method of application 09 Pest management IPM Nil F 1 1,4 10 Disease management IPM Nil F 1 1,4 11 Post harvest management Cleaning& drying Cleaning& drying N 12 Weed management - Mechanical One Hand weeding One hand Weeding N - Herbicide at 25 & 30 days 13 Water management : - Number of irrigations 2 Nil F 1,2,3,4 1,3,4 - Method of irrigation Check & basin, Sprinklar 14 Land management : - Salinity/ acidity - - - 1,2 1,3 - Water logging 15 Method of harvesting Mannual Mannual N 16 Any other - - - 17 Average Yield (Q / ha.) - Grain 15-20 10-12 P 1,2,3,4,5 1,2,3,4,5 - Fodder - - (*) F = Full P = Partial N = Nil ** Code for specific reasons for gap in adoption *** Code for farmer proposed extension strategy 1- Lack of awareness 1- Training 2- Lack of finance 2- Demonstration 3- Erratic power supply 3- Linkage with credit societies. 4- Lack of irrigation . 4- Exposure visit. 5- Non-availability of inputs. 5- Availability of inputs.

TABLE No- 37-V GAP IN ADOPTION AND PROPOSED EXTENSION STRATEGY FOR IMPROVING THE PRODUCTIVITY / INCOME FROM AGRICULTURAL CROPS

Name of Agro-Ecological Situation : III District: Vaishali Representative village: Karnauti Crop: Gram EFS : I&II Type of farmer : RP Farming situation: Irrigated Gap in Specific Farmer Sl.No. Items of package Recommen-ded Existing practice adoption reasons for proposed practice (F/P/N) the gap extension (*) (**) strategy (***) 01 Sowing : - Time 15 Oct.- 30 Nov.. Nov. Dec. P 1,2,5 1,2,3,4,5 - Method Line sowing. Broadcasting 02 Varieties P-256, P-240, P- Local 1,2,5 1,2,3,4,5 372, Rajendra chana P 03 Seed rate (per ha.) 80 110 P 1 1,2 04 Seed treatment Rhizobium culture, Nil F 1,5 1,2,5 captan ,thiram ,Vebastin 05 Organic manure (tons /ha) - - - 1,2 1,2,.3,4 06 Fertilizer / nutrient (kg/ha) - Basal (N+P+K) 20 +40+0 Nil F 1,2,5 1,2,3,4,5 - Top dress (N ) _ Total 07 Method of fertilizer use : - Basal Placement Nil F 1,5 1,4 - Top dress 08 Micro nutrient (specify) : - Dose (kg/ha) _ _ - 1,5 1,4 - Method of application 09 Pest management IPM Nil F 1 1,4 10 Disease management IPM Nil F 1 1,4 11 Post harvest management Cleaning& drying Cleaning& drying N 12 Weed management - Mechanical One Hand weeding One hand Weeding N - Herbicide at 25 & 30 days 13 Water management : - Number of irrigations 2 Nil F 1,2,3,4 1,3,4 - Method of irrigation Check & basin, Sprinklar 14 Land management : - Salinity/ acidity - - - 1,2 1,3 - Water logging 15 Method of harvesting Mannual Mannual N 16 Any other - - - 17 Average Yield (Q / ha.) - Grain 15-20 8-10 P 1,2,3,4,5 1,2,3,4,5 - Fodder - (*) F = Full P = Partial N = Nil ** Code for specific reasons for gap in adoption *** Code for farmer proposed extension strategy 1- Lack of awareness 1- Training 2- Lack of finance 2- Demonstration 3- Erratic power supply 3- Linkage with credit societies. 4- Lack of irrigation . 4- Exposure visit. 5- Non-availability of inputs. 5- Availability of inputs.

TABLE No.38-A

TYPE OF FARMING SITUATIONS UNDER WHICH IMPORTANT HORTICULTURAL CROPS ARE CULTIVATED

Name of District: Vaishali Representative village : Saidabad, Sisauni Parbodhi, Karnauti Name of Hort. crop : All Name of Agro-Ecological Situation: I, II & III

AES Crop Soil type Number of Families (%) under Total different Farming Situations Sandy Irrigated Rainfed Area (%) Sandy Loam loam Banana 25 40 25 100 Potato 13 60 13 100 Pointed Guard 12 30 12 100 I Cucarbitasi 18 20 38 45 38 100 Family Veg. Cauli Flower 32 62 32 100 Potato 11 45 11 100 II Chilli 8 26 8 100 Onion 5 20 5 100 Brinjal 18 65 18 100 Banana 1 5 1 100 Mango 4 10 5 4 100 Potato 25 30 25 100 Cucarbitasi 5 15 5 100 III Famaly Veg Banana 3 5 3 100 Mango 5 4 15 10 9 100

TABLE No.38-B

TYPE OF FARMING SITUATIONS UNDER WHICH IMPORTANT HORTICULTURAL CROPS ARE CULTIVATED Name of District: Vaishali Saidabad, Sisauni Parbodhi, Karnauti Name of Hort. crop : All Name of Agro-Ecological Situation: I, II & III

AES Crop Farming Area and % under different farming situations Total situation EFS-1 EFS-2

Irrigated Rainfed Area (%) Area (%) Area (%) Potato 13 13 100 13 100 Pointed 12 12 100 12 100 Guard Cucarbitasi 20 18 38 100 38 100 I Family Veg. Banana 25 25 100 25 100

Banana 1 1 100 1 100 Mango 4 3 75 1 25 4 100 II Cauli Flower 32 17 53 15 47 32 100 Potato 11 7 64 4 36 11 100 Onion 5 3 60 2 40 5 100 Brinjal 18 10 56 8 44 18 100 Chllli 8 6 75 2 25 8 100 Mango 9 9 100 9 100 Banana 3 3 100 3 100 III Potato 25 25 100 25 100 Cucarbitasi 5 5 100 5 100 Famaly Veg

TABLE No.39-A GAP IN ADOPTION AND PROPOSED EXTENSION STRATEGY FOR IMPROVING THE PRODUCTIVITY / INCOME FROM HORTICULTURAL CROPS Agro-Ecological Situation : I, II & III District : Vaishali Crop : Potato Type of farmer : RR/ RP Farming situation: 1rrigated Gap in Specific Farmer Sl. Items of package Recommended Existing adoption reasons proposed No practice practice (F/P/N) for the Extension gap Strategy 01 Variety Kufari Arun , Kufari Local, K-22,Kufari 1,24 1,2 Ashoka , Kufari sinduri P Pukhraj, Kufari Jyoti , Kufari chamatkar , Kufari Sinduri , Kufari badsah 02 Spacing (mts) 50-60X15-20 CM. 40X20 CM. P 1 1 03 Manure (kg/plant/Year) 20 Tone/ Ha. 5 - 10 Tone/ Ha. P 1,2,4 1,2,4,5 04 Major nutrients : - Dose (Kg/plant) 150+90+100 100+50+50 P 1,2,4 1,2,4,5 - Method of application Placement Brodcasting 05 Micro-nutrient - Dose (kg/plant) 20-25 Kg. Zink / Ha. Nil F 1,2 1,2,4,5 - Method of application Placement 06 Weed management - Around the plants Two Hand Wending Two hand Wending N - In between the rows Ear thing Ear thing 07 Pest management- IPM, Chemical Chemical P 1 1,6 08 Disease management- IPM, Chemical Chemical P 1 1,6 09 Water management - No. of irrigations 4-5 2-3 irrigations P 1,2 1,2 - Method of irrigation Ridge & Furrow Ridge & Furrow Special practices 10 - Training Ear thing up after Ear thing up after N - Prunning 25 to 30 Days 25 to 30 Days 11 Harvesting - Method Potato Harvester Manual F 1,2 1,2 - Time (hour) 12 Farm level processing - Grading Yes No F 1,2,3,5 1,2,3 - Packing Yes Yes N - Processing Yes No F - Storage (months) Yes Yes N 13 Marketing - Location of market Hajipur , Patna Local F 1,2,3,5 1,2,3 - Distance from farm - Mode of transport Reffirizaing van Own Vichle F - Marketing by indivi- Group Indivisible F dual / group - Any other Average yield (T/ ha.) 25-30 Ton./ Ha. 15 - 20 Ton / Ha. F 1,2,3,4,5 1,2,3,4,5,6 (+) RPF = Resource Poor Farmer RRF = Resource Rich Farmer @ Separately for each farming situation under each existing farming system (*) F = Full P = Partial N = Nil ** Reasons for gaps : *** Farmer proposed extension strategies : 1. Lack of awareness 1. Demonstration & trainings. 2. Lack of finance 2. Link with credit Institutions & Banks . 3. Market problem in local area 3. To create processing unit etc. 4. Non-availability of good quality In put 4. Encouraging vermin-composting by enhancing subsidy. 5. Non-adoption of Package of Practices. 5. Creating awareness regarding balance dose of fertilizers. 6. Training regarding Pest & diseases management of IPM.

TABLE No.39-B GAP IN ADOPTION AND PROPOSED EXTENSION STRATEGY FOR IMPROVING THE PRODUCTIVITY / INCOME FROM HORTICULTURAL CROPS Agro-Ecological Situation : I, II & III District : Vaishali Crop : Cauliflower Type of farmer : RR/ RP Farming situation: 1rrigated Gap in Specific Farmer Sl. Items of package Recommended Existing adoption reasons proposed No practice practice (F/P/N) for the Extension gap Strategy 01 Variety Pusa Kati, patna Early Early Hajipur , Quari , 1,24 1,2 hajipur Early, Agahani , Aghani , pusi, P patna main , pusa -2, himani, swati 02 Spacing (mts) Early 45 X 30 CM. 30 X 30 CM. P 1 1 Late 45X 45 CM. 03 Manure (kg/plant/Year) 20 Tone/ Ha. 5 - 10 Tone/ Ha. P 1,2,4 1,2,4,5 04 Major nutrients : - Dose (Kg/plant) 120+80+80 80+40+20 P 1,2,4 1,2,4,5 - Method of application Placement Brodcasting 05 Micro-nutrient - Dose (kg/plant) 10- 15 Kg. Borax , 1 Nil F 1,2 1,2,4,5 - Method of application Kg. molebdenum Placement 06 Weed management - Around the plants Three Hand Wending Two hand Wending N - In between the rows Ear thing Ear thing 07 Pest management- IPM, Chemical Chemical P 1 1,6 08 Disease management- IPM, Chemical Chemical P 1 1,6 09 Water management - No. of irrigations 3-4 3-4 irrigations N - Method of irrigation Ridge & Furrow Ridge & Furrow Special practices 10 - Training Ear thing up after Ear thing up after N - Prunning 20 to 30 Days After 20 to 30 Days After Transplanting Transplanting 11 Harvesting - Method manual Manual N - Time (hour) Morning morning 12 Farm level processing - Grading Yes No F 1,2,3,5 1,2,3 - Packing Yes No - Processing Yes No - Storage (months) Yes No 13 Marketing - Location of market Hajipur , Patna Local F 1,2,3,5 1,2,3 - Distance from farm - Mode of transport Reffirizaing van Own Vichle F - Marketing by indivi- Group Indivisible F dual / group - Any other Average yield (T/ ha.) Early 12-15 Ton / Ha Early 10 Ton / Ha. F 1,2,3,4,5 1,2,3,4,5,6 Late 20-30 Ton / Ha. late 15-20 Ton / Ha (*) F = Full P = Partial N = Nil ** Reasons for gaps : *** Farmer proposed extension strategies : 1. Lack of awareness 1. Demonstration & trainings. 2. Lack of finance 2. Link with credit Institutions & Banks . 3. Market problem in local area 3. To create processing unit etc. 4. Non-availability of good quality In put 4. Encouraging vermin-composting by enhancing subsidy. 5. Non-adoption of Package of Practices. 5. Creating awareness regarding balance dose of fertilizers. 6. Training regarding Pest & diseases management of IPM.

TABLE No.39-C GAP IN ADOPTION AND PROPOSED EXTENSION STRATEGY FOR IMPROVING THE PRODUCTIVITY / INCOME FROM HORTICULTURAL CROPS

Agro-Ecological Situation : I District : Vaishali Crop : Pointed guard Type of farmer : RR/ RP Farming situation: 1rrigated/ Rain faed Gap in Specific Farmer Sl. Items of package Recommended Existing adoption reasons proposed No practice practice (F/P/N) for the Extension gap Strategy 01 Variety Rajendra parbal 1,2 , Local 1,24 1,2 swarn rekha, Fajabad - F 1,2,3, Ches Hy.-12 02 Spacing (mts) 1X 1.5 miter 1X 1 miter P 1 1 03 Manure (kg/plant/Year) 20 Tone/ Ha. 5 - 10 Tone/ Ha. P 1,2,4 1,2,4,5 04 Major nutrients : - Dose (Kg/plant) 60+40+0 50+0+0 P 1,2,4 1,2,4,5 - Method of application Placement Brodcasting 05 Micro-nutrient - Dose (kg/plant) - Method of application 06 Weed management - Around the plants Two Hand Wending Two hand Wending N - In between the rows Ear thing Ear thing 07 Pest management- IPM, Chemical Chemical P 1 1,6 08 Disease management- IPM, Chemical Chemical P 1 1,6 09 Water management - No. of irrigations 5-7 3 irrigations p 1,2,6 2 - Method of irrigation Drip /sprinklar Flooding Special practices 10 - Training Yes Yes N - Prunning Yes Yes 11 Harvesting - Method manual Manual N - Time (hour) Morning morning 12 Farm level processing - Grading Yes No F 1,2,3,5,6 1,2,3 - Packing Yes No - Processing Yes No - Storage (months) Yes No 13 Marketing - Location of market Hajipur , Patna, Calkuta, Local , Hajipur, Patna P 1,2,3,5,6 1,2,3 - Distance from farm Delhi - Mode of transport Own Boat F - Marketing by indivi- Reffirizaing van Indivisible F dual / group Group - Any other Average yield (T/ ha.) 15-17 Ton/ Ha. 6-7 Ton / ha F 1,2,3,4,5,6 1,2,3,4,5,6 (+) RPF = Resource Poor Farmer RRF = Resource Rich Farmer @ Separately for each farming situation under each existing farming system (*) F = Full P = Partial N = Nil ** Reasons for gaps : *** Farmer proposed extension strategies : 1. Lack of awareness 1. Demonstration & trainings. 2. Lack of finance 2. Link with credit Institutions & Banks . 3. Market problem in local area 3. To create processing unit etc. 4. Non-availability of good quality In put 4. Encouraging vermin-composting by enhancing subsidy. 5. Non-adoption of Package of Practices. 5. Creating awareness regarding balance dose of fertilizers. 6. lack of infrastructure . 6. Training regarding Pest & diseases management of IPM.

TABLE No.39-D GAP IN ADOPTION AND PROPOSED EXTENSION STRATEGY FOR IMPROVING THE PRODUCTIVITY / INCOME FROM HORTICULTURAL CROPS

Agro-Ecological Situation : I,II & III District : Vaishali Crop : Sponge Gourd Type of farmer : RR/ RP Farming situation: 1rrigated Gap in Specific Farmer Sl. Items of package Recommended Existing adoption reasons proposed No practice practice (F/P/N) for the Extension gap Strategy 01 Variety Rajendra nanua -1, Local 1,24 1,2 pusha chiikani, F kalyanpur chikani, DL-1 02 Spacing (mts) 2 X 1.5 miter 1X 1 miter P 1 1 03 Manure (kg/plant/Year) 20 Tone/ Ha. 5 - 10 Tone/ Ha. P 1,2,4 1,2,4,5 04 Major nutrients : - Dose (Kg/plant) 60+40+40 50+20+0 P 1,2,4 1,2,4,5 - Method of application Placement Brodcasting 05 Micro-nutrient - Dose (kg/plant) - Method of application 06 Weed management - Around the plants Two Hand Wending Two hand Wending N - In between the rows Ear thing Ear thing 07 Pest management- IPM, Chemical Chemical P 1 1,6 08 Disease management- IPM, Chemical Chemical P 1 1,6 09 Water management Kharif No Kharif No - No. of irrigations Rabi 4 -5 2 irrigations p 1,2,6 2 - Method of irrigation Drip /sprinklar Flooding Special practices 10 - Training Yes Yes N - Prunning Yes Yes 11 Harvesting - Method manual Manual N - Time (hour) Morning morning 12 Farm level processing - Grading Yes No F 1,2,3,5,6 1,2,3 - Packing Yes No - Processing Yes No - Storage (months) Yes No 13 Marketing - Location of market Hajipur , Patna, Local , Hajipur, Patna N - Distance from farm - Mode of transport Own Boat F - Marketing by indivi- Reffirizaing van Indivisible F 1,2,3,5,6 1,2,3 dual / group Group - Any other Average yield (T/ ha.) 15 Ton/ Ha. 7-8 Ton / ha F 1,2,3,4,5,6 1,2,3,4,5,6 (+) RPF = Resource Poor Farmer RRF = Resource Rich Farmer @ Separately for each farming situation under each existing farming system (*) F = Full P = Partial N = Nil ** Reasons for gaps : *** Farmer proposed extension strategies : 1. Lack of awareness 1. Demonstration & trainings. 2. Lack of finance 2. Link with credit Institutions & Banks . 3. Market problem in local area 3. To create processing unit etc. 4. Non-availability of good quality In put 4. Encouraging vermin-composting by enhancing subsidy. 5. Non-adoption of Package of Practices. 5. Creating awareness regarding balance dose of fertilizers. 6. lack of infrastructure . 6. Training regarding Pest & diseases management of IPM.

TABLE No.39-D GAP IN ADOPTION AND PROPOSED EXTENSION STRATEGY FOR IMPROVING THE PRODUCTIVITY / INCOME FROM HORTICULTURAL CROPS Agro-Ecological Situation : I,II & III District : Vaishali Crop : Banana Type of farmer : RR/ RP Farming situation: 1rrigated Gap in Specific Farmer Sl. Items of package Recommended Existing adoption reasons proposed No practice practice (F/P/N) for the Extension gap Strategy 01 Variety Robasta , malbhog , G- Alpan, malbhoag , 1,24 1,2 9, Alpan chinia batisa, khothya P 02 Spacing (mts) 1.5 - 2.1 X 1.5-2.1 miter 2X 2 miter P 1 1 03 Manure (kg/plant/Year) 20 Kg. Campost+1Kg. 10 Kg. Campst P 1,2,4 1,2,4,5 Arand cake / Pit 04 Major nutrients : June -SSP 300 g.+MOP - Dose (Kg/plant) 500 g.+Thimat 10 g. / June DAP 250 g./ pit P 1,2,4 1,2,4,5 - Method of application pit, oct.- 125 g. N, Feb. Oct.250 g. urea / Pit 125 g. N / Pit 05 Micro-nutrient - Dose (kg/plant) 25 g. Borax / Pit Nil F 1,2,4 1,2,5 - Method of application 06 Weed management - Around the plants Two Hand Wending / Year Two hand Wending N - In between the rows Ear thing , Digging Ear thing, Digging 07 Pest management- IPM Nil F 1 1,6 08 Disease management- IPM, Chemical Chemical P 1 1,6 09 Water management - No. of irrigations April - June / Week p 1,2,6 2 - Method of irrigation Oct.- March / 15 Days Special practices 10 - Training Yes Yes N - Prunning White poly thine No F 1,2 1,2 Couvarge on Ghaud in winter sijan 11 Harvesting - Method manual Manual N - Time (hour) Morning morning 12 Farm level processing - Grading Yes No F 1,2,3,5,6 1,2,3 - Packing Yes No - Processing Yes No - Storage (months) Yes No 13 Marketing - Location of market Hajipur , Patna, Local , Hajipur, Patna N - Distance from farm - Mode of transport Own Boat, Veichel F - Marketing by indivi- Reffirizaing van Indivisible F 1,2,3,5,6 1,2,3 dual / group Group - Any other Average yield (T/ ha.) 500-600 Ton/ Ha. 300-400 Ton / ha F 1,2,3,4,5,6 1,2,3,4,5,6 G-9 1000-1200 Ton/ Ha (+) RPF = Resource Poor Farmer RRF = Resource Rich Farmer @ Separately for each farming situation under each existing farming system (*) F = Full P = Partial N = Nil ** Reasons for gaps : *** Farmer proposed extension strategies : 1. Lack of awareness 1. Demonstration & trainings. 2. Lack of finance 2. Link with credit Institutions & Banks . 3. Market problem in local area 3. To create processing unit etc. 4. Non-availability of good quality In put 4. Encouraging vermin-composting by enhancing subsidy. 5. Non-adoption of Package of Practices. 5. Creating awareness regarding balance dose of fertilizers. 6. lack of infrastructure . 6. Training regarding Pest & diseases management of IPM.

TABLE No.39-E GAP IN ADOPTION AND PROPOSED EXTENSION STRATEGY FOR IMPROVING THE PRODUCTIVITY / INCOME FROM HORTICULTURAL CROPS

Agro-Ecological Situation : I,II & III District : Vaishali Crop : Mango Type of farmer : RR/ RP Farming situation: 1rrigated Gap in Specific Farmer Sl. Items of package Recommended Existing adoption reasons proposed No practice practice (F/P/N) for the Extension gap Strategy 01 Variety Maldah , Dashhari , sepia , mituia , sukul , 1,24 1,2 Amarpali, malika ,pusa bathua, maldah P arunima , chausa 02 Spacing (mts) 10 X 10 miter 8-10 X8-10 miter P 1 1 03 Manure (kg/plant/Year) June - 40 Kg. FYM + 10-20 Kg. FYM P 1,2,4 1,2,4,5 Aran cak 2 Kg. 04 Major nutrients : - Dose (Kg/plant) June -SSP 1 Kg. + Nil F 1,2,4 1,2,4,5 - Method of application MOP 250 g.+Thimat 10 g. / pit, 05 Micro-nutrient - Dose (kg/plant) 50-100 g. Borax / Pit Nil F 1,2,4 1,2,5 - Method of application 06 Weed management - Around the plants Summer Ploughing, Summer Ploughing N - In between the rows Ear thing , Digging Ear thing, Digging 07 Pest management- IPM Chemical Chemical P 1 1,6 08 Disease management- IPM, Chemical Chemical P 1 1,6 09 Water management - No. of irrigations April - June / Week 1 Iirrigations p 1,2,6 2 - Method of irrigation Oct.- March / 30Days Special practices 10 - Training Yes Yes N - Prunning Yes No F 1,2 1,2 11 Harvesting - Method manual Manual N - Time (hour) Morning morning 12 Farm level processing - Grading Yes No F 1,2,3,5,6 1,2,3 - Packing Yes No - Processing Yes No - Storage (months) Yes No 13 Marketing - Location of market Hajipur , Patna, Local , Hajipur, Patna N - Distance from farm - Mode of transport Own Boat, Veichel F - Marketing by indivi- Reffirizaing van Indivisible F 1,2,3,5,6 1,2,3 dual / group Group - Any other Average yield (T/ ha.) 500-1000 Ton/ Ha. 300-500 Ton / ha F 1,2,3,4,5,6 1,2,3,4,5,6 (+) RPF = Resource Poor Farmer RRF = Resource Rich Farmer @ Separately for each farming situation under each existing farming system (*) F = Full P = Partial N = Nil ** Reasons for gaps : *** Farmer proposed extension strategies : 1. Lack of awareness 1. Demonstration & trainings. 2. Lack of finance 2. Link with credit Institutions & Banks . 3. Market problem in local area 3. To create processing unit etc. 4. Non-availability of good quality In put 4. Encouraging vermin-composting by enhancing subsidy. 5. Non-adoption of Package of Practices. 5. Creating awareness regarding balance dose of fertilizers. 6. lack of infrastructure . 6. Training regarding Pest & diseases management of IPM.

TABLE No.40- A

TYPE OF FARMING SITUATIONS UNDER WHICH THE PARTICULAR MILCH AND MEAT ANIMAL IS MANAGED Name of District: Vaishali Name of animal : Cow Name of Representative village : Saidabad Name of Agro-Ecological Situation : I Existing Farming System : I

Sl. No. of families (%) under different Total No. Ownership of land farming situations resource Local breed Improved breed (%) No % No % No %

1 Land owners :  Irrigated + Rainfed 17 47 85 89 102 78  Only irrigated  Rainfed only 2 Landless 19 53 10 11 29 22 TOTAL 36 100 95 100 131 100

TABLE No.40 - B TYPE OF FARMING SITUATIONS UNDER WHICH THE PARTICULAR MILCH AND MEAT ANIMAL IS MANAGED

Name of District: Vaishali Name of animal : Cow Name of Representative village : Saidabad Name of Agro-Ecological Situation : I EFS: II

Sl. No. of families (%) under different Total No. Ownership of land farming situations resource Local breed Improved breed (%) No % No % No %

1 Land owners :  Irrigated + Rainfed 6 25 74 82 80 70  Only irrigated  Rainfed only 2 Landless 18 75 16 18 34 30 TOTAL 24 100 90 100 114 100

TABLE No.40 - C TYPE OF FARMING SITUATIONS UNDER WHICH THE PARTICULAR MILCH AND MEAT ANIMAL IS MANAGED Name of District: Vaishali Name of animal : Cow Name of Representative village : Sisauni Parbodhi Name of Agro-Ecological Situation : II Existing Farming System : II

Sl. No. of families (%) under different Total No. Ownership of land farming situations resource Local breed Improved breed (%) No % No % No % 1 Land owners :  Irrigated + Rainfed 9 69 41 85 50 82  Only irrigated  Rainfed only 2 Landless 4 31 7 15 11 18 TOTAL 13 100 48 100 61 100

TABLE No.40 - D TYPE OF FARMING SITUATIONS UNDER WHICH THE PARTICULAR MILCH AND MEAT ANIMAL IS MANAGED Name of District: Vaishali Name of animal : Cow Name of Representative village : Karanauti Name of Agro-Ecological Situation : III Existing Farming System : I

Sl. No. of families (%) under different Total No. Ownership of land farming situations resource Local breed Improved breed (%) No % No % No % 1 Land owners :  Irrigated + Rainfed 21 72 635 90 656 89  Only irrigated  Rainfed only 2 Landless 8 28 70 10 78 11 TOTAL 29 100 705 100 734 100

TABLE No.40 - E TYPE OF FARMING SITUATIONS UNDER WHICH THE PARTICULAR MILCH AND MEAT ANIMAL IS MANAGED Name of District: Vaishali Name of animal: Cow Name of Representative village: Karnauti Name of Agro-Ecological Situation: III Existing Farming System: II

Sl. No. of families (%) under different Total No. Ownership of land farming situations resource Local breed Improved breed (%) No % No % No % 1 Land owners :  Irrigated + Rainfed 14 74 419 88 433 87  Only irrigated  Rainfed only 2 Landless 5 26 56 12 61 13 TOTAL 19 100 475 100 494 100

TABLE No.41-A GAP IN ADOPTION AND PROPOSED EXTENSION STRATEGY FOR IMPROVING THE PRODUCTIVITY / INCOME OF MILCH AND MEAT ANIMALS District: Vaishali Type of animal : Cow Farming situation: Irrigated/ Rain fed Representative Village: Saidabad, Sisauni Parbodhi , Karnauti AES : I, II & III EFS: I&II

Sl. Existing Gap in Reasons Farmer No Items of the package Recommended practice adoption for gap in Proposed . practice (F/P/N) adoption extension (*) (**) strategy (***) 1 Breed upgradation : * Artificial insemination: - Breed HF Local, Crros F 1,2 1,2,5,6 - Location Vety. Inst. Private Vet. * Natural insemination : inst. - Breed - Local - Location village 2 Feed management (per animal) - Green fodder (Kg/day) 10 5 1,3,4 1,5,6 - Dry fodder (Kg/day) 5 3-5 P - Concentrates (gms/day) 2-4 - F - Minerals (gms / day) 30-50g - F - Vitamins (ml. / day) 25-30ml - F 3 Inter calving period 11 more than one P 1,2,3,4 1,2,5,6 (months) yr 4 Health care (per year) (+) - HSBQ (No. of vaccinations) Twice - F 1,2,3 1,2,5,6 - FMD Annually - - - - Rinder pest - - - - - Mastitis Twice - - Thilaris - - - Any other - 5. General management : - Washing (times / day) 2 1 P 1,3 1,5,6 - Cleaning (times / day) 2 - F - - - Housing (Paccca / Kutcha) Pucca Kachha P - Drinking water (lts. / day) 20 20 N 6. Average milk yield (lit/day) 10-15 5-8 P 1,2,3,4,5 1,2,3,4,5,6 (*) F = Full P = Partial N = Nil ** Reasons for gaps: *** Farmer proposed extension strategies: 1. Lack of awareness 1. Awareness cams 2. Lack of AI facilities 2.. Improvement in AI facilities & Vet. Hospital . 3. Lack of vaccination &hospital . 3. Formation of Milk societies & linkage with banks 4. Lack of good Quality of fodders 4. Improvement of milk collecting center Through co-operative Society 5. Lack of milk collecting Center . 5. Exposure visits 6. Demonstrations

TABLE No.42-A TYPE OF FARMING SITUATIONS UNDER WHICH THE PARTICULAR MILCH AND MEAT ANIMAL IS MANAGED

Name of District: Vaishali Name of animal : Goat Name of Representative village : Saidabad Name of Agro-Ecological Situation : I Existing farming system : I Sl. No. of families (%) under different Total No. Ownership of land farming situations resource Local breed Improved breed (%) No % No % No % 1 Land owners : - Irrigated + Rainfed 70 12 70 12 - Rainfed only 2 Landless 535 88 535 88 TOTAL 605 100 605 100

TABLE No.42-B TYPE OF FARMING SITUATIONS UNDER WHICH THE PARTICULAR MILCH AND MEAT ANIMAL IS MANAGED Name of District: Vaishali Name of animal: Goat Name of Representative village : Saidabad Name of Agro-Ecological Situation: I Existing farming system : II

Sl. No. of families (%) under different Total No. Ownership of land farming situations resource Local breed Improved breed (%) No % No % No %

1 Land owners : - Irrigated + Rainfed 45 22 45 22

- Rainfed only

2 Landless 160 78 160 78

TOTAL 205 100 205 100

TABLE No.42-C TYPE OF FARMING SITUATIONS UNDER WHICH THE PARTICULAR MILCH AND MEAT ANIMAL IS MANAGED

Name of District: Vaishali Name of animal : Goat Name of Representative village : Sisauni parbodhi Name of Agro-Ecological Situation : II Existing farming system : II

Sl. No. of families (%) under different Total No. Ownership of land farming situations resource Local breed Improved breed (%) No % No % No % 1 Land owners : - Irrigated + Rainfed 48 10 48 10 - Rainfed only 2 Landless 462 90 462 90 TOTAL 510 100 510 100

TABLE No.42-D

TYPE OF FARMING SITUATIONS UNDER WHICH THE PARTICULAR MILCH AND MEAT ANIMAL IS MANAGED

Name of District: Vaishali Name of animal : Goat Name of Representative village : Karnauti Name of Agro-Ecological Situation : III Existing farming system : I

Sl. No. of families (%) under different Total No. Ownership of land farming situations resource Local breed Improved breed (%) No % No % No %

1 Land owners : - Irrigated + Rainfed 64 19 64 19

- Rainfed only

2 Landless 272 81 272 81

TOTAL 336 100 336 100

TABLE No.42-E TYPE OF FARMING SITUATIONS UNDER WHICH THE PARTICULAR MILCH AND MEAT ANIMAL IS MANAGED

Name of District: Vaishali Name of animal: Goat Name of Representative village : Karnauti Name of Agro-Ecological Situation : III Existing farming system : II

Sl. No. of families (%) under different Total No. Ownership of land farming situations resource Local breed Improved breed (%) No % No % No %

1 Land owners : - Irrigated + Rainfed 24 17 24 17 - Rainfed only 2 Landless 120 83 120 83 TOTAL 144 100 144 100

TABLE No.43-A GAP IN ADOPTION AND PROPOSED EXTENSION STRATEGY FOR IMPROVING THE PRODUCTIVITY / INCOME OF MILCH AND MEAT ANIMALS District: Vaishali Type of animal : Goat Farming situation: 1 & II Representative Village : Saidabad, sisauni parbodhi, karnauti

Agro-Ecological Situation :I, II & III Existing farming system: I &II Gap in Reasons Farmer Sl. Items of the package Recommended Existing adoption for gap in Proposed No. practice practice (F/P/N) adoption extension (*) (**) strategy (***) 1 Breed upgradation : * Artificial insemination: - Breed HF - F 1,2 1,3,4,5 - Location Vet. Inst. - * Natural insemination : - Breed HF Local F - Location Village Village 2 Feed management (per animal) - Green fodder (Kg/day) Grazing Grazing P 1,2,4 1,3,4,5 - Dry fodder (Kg/day) 1 - - Concentrates (gms/day) 200-250 gm. - F - Minerals (gms / day) 10-20 gm - - Vitamins (ml. / day) 5 ml - 3 Inter calving period (months) 6 -9 9-12 P 1,2 1,3 4 Health care (per year) (+) - HSBQ (No. of vaccinations) Annually - - 1,2,3 1,3,4 - FMD Hyf Early - F - Rinder pest - - - - Mastitis Annually - - - Thilaris - - - - Any other - - 5. General management : - Washing (times / day) 1 - 1,4 1,4 - Cleaning (times / day) 1 - F - Housing (Paccca / Kutcha) Kuchha - Drinking water (lts. / day) 2 2 N 6. Average milk yield (lit/day) .5-1 .5-1 P 1,2,3,4 1,2,3,4,5 Average meat Yield (Kg./ Goat) 10-20 5-10 (*) F = Full P = Partial N = Nil

** Reasons for gaps: *** Farmer proposed extension strategies: 1. Lack of awareness 1. Awareness cams 2. Lack of AI facilities & Hospital 2. Formation of groups & links wit banks . 3. Lack of vaccination facilities . . 3. Vety. Hospitals at village level 4. Lack of Graziing Land 4. Exposure visits . 5. Demonstration

TABLE No.44-A TYPE OF FARMING SITUATIONS UNDER WHICH THE PARTICULAR MILCH AND MEAT ANIMAL IS MANAGED

Name of Dstrict : Vaishali Name of animal : Sheep No. of families (%) under different Total Sl. Ownership of land farming situations No. resource Local breed Improved breed (%) No % No % No % 1 Land owners : - Irrigated + Rainfed ------Rainfed only ------2 Landless ------TOTAL ------

Table No.46-A:

TYPE OF FARMING SITUATIONS UNDER WHICH THE PARTICULAR MILCH AND MEAT ANIMAL IS MANAGED

Name of District: Vaishali Name of Animal : Buffalo Name of Representative village : Saidabad Name of agro-ecological situation : I Existing farming system : I

No. of families (%) under different Total Sl.No. Ownership of land farming situations resource Local breed Improved breed (%) No % No % No % 1 Land owners : - Irrigated +Rainfed 810 88 810 88 - Rainfed only 2 Landless 114 12 114 12 TOTAL 924 100 924 100

Table No.46-B TYPE OF FARMING SITUATIONS UNDER WHICH THE PARTICULAR MILCH AND MEAT ANIMAL IS MANAGED

Name of District: Vaishali Name of Animal : Buffalo Name of Representative village : Saidabad Name of agro-ecological situation : I Existing farming system : II

No. of families (%) under different Total Sl.No. Ownership of land farming situations resource Local breed Improved breed (%) No % No % No %

1 Land owners : - Irrigated +Rainfed 297 75 297 75

- Rainfed only

2 Landless 99 25 99 25

TOTAL 396 100 396 100

Table No.46-C TYPE OF FARMING SITUATIONS UNDER WHICH THE PARTICULAR MILCH AND MEAT ANIMAL IS MANAGED

Name of District: Vaishali Name of Animal : Buffalo Name of Representative village : Sisauni parbodhi Name of agro-ecological situation : II Existing farming system : II

No. of families (%) under different Total Sl.No. Ownership of land farming situations resource Local breed Improved breed (%) No % No % No %

1 Land owners : - Irrigated +Rainfed 59 82 89 82

- Rainfed only

2 Landless 13 18 13 18

TOTAL 72 100 72 100

Table No.46-D TYPE OF FARMING SITUATIONS UNDER WHICH THE PARTICULAR MILCH AND MEAT ANIMAL IS MANAGED

Name of District: Vaishali Name of Animal : Buffalo Name of Representative village : Karnauti Name of agro-ecological situation : III Existing farming system : I

No. of families (%) under different Total Sl.No. Ownership of land farming situations resource Local breed Improved breed (%) No % No % No % 1 Land owners : - Irrigated +Rainfed 28 72 28 72 - Rainfed only 2 Landless 11 28 11 28 TOTAL 39 100 39 100

Table No.46-E TYPE OF FARMING SITUATIONS UNDER WHICH THE PARTICULAR MILCH AND MEAT ANIMAL IS MANAGED

Name of District: Vaishali Name of Animal : Buffalo Name of Representative village : Karnauti Name of agro-ecological situation : III Existing farming system : II

No. of families (%) under different Total Sl.No. Ownership of land farming situations resource Local breed Improved breed (%) No % No % No %

1 Land owners : - Irrigated +Rainfed 11 68 11 68

- Rainfed only

2 Landless 5 32 5 32

TOTAL 16 100 16 100

TABLE No.47

GAP IN ADOPTION AND PROPOSED EXTENSION STRATEGY FOR IMPROVING THE PRODUCTIVITY / INCOME OF MILCH AND MEAT ANIMALS

District: Vaishali Type of animal : Buffalo Representative Village : Saidabad, Sisauni parbodhi, Karnauti Agro-ecological situation : I, II &III Existing farming system: I & II Gap in Reasons Farmer Sl. Items of the package Recommended Existing adoption for gap in Proposed No. practice practice (F/P/N) adoption extension (*) (**) strategy (***) 1 Breed upgradation : Cross, * Artificial insemination: Local - Breed Murrah Private P 1,2,3 1,2,4,5,6 - Location Vety. Instt. Vety. Instt. * Natural insemination : - Breed Local - Location Village 2 Feed management (per animal) - Green fodder (Kg/day) 15 5-10 P 1,3,4 1,4,5,6 - Dry fodder (Kg/day) 7 8-10 - Concentrates (gms/day) 2-4kg 0-2 - Minerals (gms / day) 50-100 - - Vitamins (ml. / day) 20-25 - 3 Inter calving period (months) 12 18 P 1,2,3,4 1,2,4,5,6 4 Health care (per year) (+) - HSBQ (No. of vaccinations) 2 - F 1,2,3,4 1,2,3,4,5,6 - FMD 2 - - - Rinder pest - - - Mastitis 2 - - Thilaris 1 - - Any other - 5. General management : - Washing (times / day) 2 1 P 1, 1,3,4,5,6 - Cleaning (times / day) 2 - - Housing (Paccca / Kutcha) Pucca Kaccha - Drinking water (lts. / day) 50 50 6. Average milk yield (lit/day) 12 4-6 P 1,2,3,4,5 1,2,3,4,5,6 (*) F = Full P = Partial N = Nil

** Reasons for gaps: *** Farmer proposed extension strategies: 1. Lack of awareness 1. Awareness cams 2. Lack of AI facilities 2. Impruvment of A. I Center & milk collection center . 3. Lack of vaccination facilities & Hospital 3 Formation of groups & links with Banks. 4. Lack of Good Quality fodder 4. Vety. Hospitals at village level 5. Lack of milk collection center . 5. Exposure Visits . 6. Training & Demonstrations.

TABLE No.48 GAP IN ADOPTION AND PROPOSED EXTENSION STRATEGY FOR IMPROVING THE FISH SEED PRODUCTION / INCOME Part I : Seed production and Rearing : AES: II District: Vaishali Farming situation : I, II Reason for S.No Item of package Recommended Existing Gap in gap Proposed practice practice adoption in adoption extension (F/P/N) strategy 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 A Induced breeding (Happa) - - - - - (i) Carp (IMC) - - - - - (ii) Catfish - - - - - (iii) Prawn - - - - - B Spontaneous breeding - - - - - (common carp) - - - - - 2 Nursery preparation - - - - - a Routine manuring - - - - - (i) Raw cow dung/Year - - - - - (ii) Lime/Year - - - - - b Instant manuring - - - - - (i) Inorganic fertilizer - - - - - (ii) Oil cake - - - - - (iii) Raw cow dung - - - - - 3 Insect control - - - - - (a) Manual - - - - - (b) Oil, soap - - - - - 4 Spawn stocking - - - - - (a) Single species - - - - - (b) Multi species - - - - - 5 Feeding schedule - - - - - (a) Oil cake - - - - - (b) Rice bran - - - - - (c) Green leaf(Grass Carp) - - - - - 6 Disease - - - - - 7 Rearing period - - - - - 8 Method of harvesting - - - - - (i) Yield within 15 days - - - - - (Recovery %) Spawn-Fry - - - - - (ii) Yield within 30 days - - - - - (Recovery %) Finger lings - - - - - (iii) Yield within 45 days - - - - - (Recovery % Finger lings) - - - - - 9 Marketing - - - - - 10 Production of fish (ton/ha)

** Reasons for gaps: *** Farmer proposed extension strategies: 1. 1ack of awareness a. Awareness camps 2. Lack of funds & facilities b. Exposure visits. 3. Lack of tendency to adopt recommend practices. c. Print & electronic media.

TABLE No. 49 GAP IN ADOPTION AND PROPOSED EXTENSION STRATEGY FOR IMPROVING THE PRODUTIVITY / INCOME Part II : Commercial production and rearing : Agro-Ecological Situation ; I , II & III District: Vaishali Farming situation : I, II Reason for S.No Item of package Recommended Existing Gap in gap Proposed practice practice adoption in adoption extension (F/P/N) strategy 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 Culture components (a) Indian Major carp Catla-2000 Catla-3000 Rohu-5000 Rohu-3000 P Mrigal-2000 Mrigal-2000 1,2,3,4 1,2,4,6 Grass carps-2000 Common -2000 Silver carps-5000 Grass carps-1500

(b) Exotic carp Common carp Common carp N (c) Prawn M. rosenbergii Poly culture start P (d) Cat fish C. batrachus - F 2 Pond preparation (a) Organic manure (kg/ha) 10000-15000 5000 - 10000 P (b) In organic manure (kg/ha) 800 400 P 1,2,3, 1,2,4,5 (c) Bio-fertiliser (kg/ha) - - - (d) Lime (kg /ha) 200-400 200-250 P (e) Water depth(Mtrs) 1-1.5 1-1.5 N 3 Weed control (a) Mannual Yes Yes N (b) Mechanical Yes Yes N (c) Chemical - - N 4 Stocking size / No./ha (a) Spawn 1 crore 1 crore N 1,2,4,5 1,2,4,5,6 (b) fry 20000 50000 P (c) Fingerlings 12000 20000 P 5 Feeding schedule (a0 Rice bran 3-5 % bw 1-2 % bw P 1,2,3 1,2,3,4,5 (b) Oil cake 3-5 % bw 1-2 % bw P (c) Green leaf(Grass carp) 50 % bw 10 % bw P 6 Sample netting - Monthly Yes Nil F 1,3 1,2,4 - Quarterly Yes Nil F - Half yearly Yes Nil F 7 Aeration Yes Nil F 1,3 1,2,4 8 Disease Cifax,Acrafalavin Kmno4, CaCo3,NaCl P 1,2 1,2,4 9 Harvesting method Netting Netting N 10 Culture method Intensive & Poly Intensive & Poly N 11. Average yield (ton / ha) 4 - 5 1.5 - 2 P 1,2,3,4,5 1,2,3,4,5,6 ** Reasons for gaps: *** Farmer proposed extension strategies: 1. 1ack of awareness 1.. Awareness camps 2. Lack of funds & facilities 2. Exposure visits. 3. Lack of tendency to adopt recommend practices. 3. Print & electronic media. 4. Non-availability of exotic seed. 4. Training 5. Due to mortility & sale Fingerlings. 5. proper credit facility . 6. Availability of exotic fish Seed .

CHAPTER-VI

PROPOSED EXTENSION STRATEGIES

The following feasible extension strategies have been proposed based on the analysis of data collected through PRA & related issues/ problems in Gaya district.

Strategies

A. Improvement of productivity and income of farmers in the existing enterprises and farming system Most of the enterprises and commodities of the district have comparatively lower yield rate than the state & national average. There exists a yield between the potential farm yield and actual yield Strategies are suggested to reduce the yield gap II for improvement in productivity and income of existing enterprises. The farmers are inclined to have more production and profit with minimum risk. Therefore various extension strategic to overcome the technological gaps and reduce anticipated risk are suggested.

B. Diversification and intensification of existing farming system. The major production system under farming system of the district is agriculture production system, horticulture production system, livestock production system, fish production system and plantation. Low spread and low yield crops/enterprises are undesirable which need diversification. High spread and low yield crops are either to be substituted or their yield level can be increased by technological and input intervention .Low spread and high yield crops should be encouraged and horizontal expansion of such crops need to encouraged. The high spread and high yield crops are to be encouraged and value addition, agro processing and marketing of such crops need to be improved for more profit and sustainable issues are to be addressed. The less remunerative enterprise need diversification and existing farming systems require further intensification to increase the production level.

C. Sustainability in productivity/income. Most of the enterprises and commodities of the district have comparatively lower yield rate than the state & national average. There exists a yield gap between the potential farm yield and actual yield. Strategies are suggested to reduce the yield gap II for improvement in productivity and

income of existing enterprises. The farmers are inclined to have more production and profit with minimum risk. Therefore various extension strategic to overcome the technological gaps and reduce anticipated risk are suggested.

D. Integrated nutrient management. The constraint in achieving the Potential and Experiment Station yield is due to the Biological Constraints( Variety, weeds, pests, problem of soils, water, soil fertility etc) and Socio-Economic Constraints( cost and returns, credit availability, tradition and attitudes, knowledge, input availability, institutions etc.). Improvement in sustainable crop production .

E. Integrated pest management. In light of the changing consumers preference for organic produce and greater marketing opportunities now available, efforts would be made to make farmers aware about the concept of Inegrated Pest Management, along with creating backward and forward linkages to not only make available the IMP techniques to the farmers, but also ensure, the supply of various, inputs along with exploring the the markets for such produce in and outside the district.

F. Seed multiplication and replacement At present the seed replacement ratio is very low in the district, efforts would be made to organize. Farmers to produce certified and truthful seeds under the overall guidance of ATMA in association with KVK.

G. Horticulture planting material There is an acute shortage of quality planting material in the district, to reap the benefits of National Horticulture Mission and to bring the district at par with the other developed districts in the country there is need to not only arrange the supply of good quality planting material, but also take advantage of the shortage in adjoining districts, farmers would be trained and dovetailed with various governmental programmes like NHM, RSVY to procure, produce and supply it to local as well other horticulture farmers, ATMA would take lead and ensure it through its programmes.

H. Success story. It is now well established that success stories play a very important role in dissemination of innovative technologies. The success stories identified through ATMA would be used as role

models around which new innovations could be tried, tested and then replicated elsewhere under similar circumstances.

I. Natural resources management. During the field study it was observed that unabated soil erosion and degradation of natural resource base poses a serious problem for sustainable crop production, particularly in Diara areas of the district. The various problem relevant to Natural Resources Management (NRM) have been identified and strategic suggested to reverse the process of Natural Resources degradation. Various problems relating to soil and water management, IPM and INM have been identified and strategies suggested to conserve the natural resources and their regeneration

J. Issue for Policy consideration. Several policy issues which have emerged during the course of making this SREP, would be refered to the appropriate authority to be addressed on a priority basis. Efforts would also be made to organize the farmers into commodity/ enterprise based groups and further federating them into Commodity Associations so as to ceate appropriate pressure groups within the district, who would raise the issue, which require immediate attension of the policy makers.

K. Farm mechanization. Farm mechanization is an area where the district is considered week, and due to the advantages of mechanization becoming important in todays globalized world, there is an urgent need to address this issue. Efforts would be made to converge different programmes of the central government like Macro management mode, ISOPOM, Micro irrigation scheme, and NHM through ATMA to take full advantage of the existing provisions and thereby making the agriculture in the district both modern and competitive.

L. Marketing strategies Marketing Support and Value Addition will be the prime focus for ATMA as the farmers are at a disadvantage on knowledge about prices, volumes, quantities, alternative marketing channels and other features governing market transactions. Government can improve the communications flow and the quality of information to farmers through training workshops and publications and by this improve transparency and facilitate transactions. Government can also sponsor market matching exercise, that is, sponsor meetings and workshops involving farmers and Agri-business enterprises to improve mutual understanding of constraints and requirements, and promote concrete business deals.

Farmers have increasingly begun to perceive marketing rather than production as the major constraints to enhancing farm income. With major thrust of extension agencies on production technique, marketing extension so far has not received the attention it deserves. This assumes greater significance in the light of the new international trading regime under the WTO and the export opportunities being opened up. Public extension functionaries are presently ill-equipped to deal with marketing extension .The multi-agency extension service will need to address these issues through strengthening capacity of the public agency.

M. Media strategies. Under the scheme all the Block level Farm Information and Advisory Centres in the district would be electronically linked to district, state and national institutions. Central Govt. would support states in the use of electronic linkages and computerization so that marketing, research, extension and farming communities are linked to each other, and into local, national and global networks. The objective is to link all blocks of the district with national and international networks in a phased manner.

This would include ATMA newsletter, success stories in film and electronic form, technical messages in electronic form and on electronic media, electronic access to all stake holder, through NICNET, and proposed video conferencing facilities being established at ATMA, electronic mail access to ICAR institutes and researches from Rajendra Agricultural University, Bihar along with state and national administrative offices, and electronic access to ARIS system databases and, eventually, to the World Wide Web.

N. Human Resource Development. Human resources development is vital component for the success of any projects for effective implementation of the projects as well as for its sustainability all the stakeholders including extension functions of agricultural and allied department, NGOs private extension workers, inputs handling agencies are required to be trained various aspects relating to their roles & responsibilities. Training would be centered on Group Dynamics, record keeping, accountancy, financial management of savings and credit, identification of group business activities, and on imparting technical skill to under take value added ventures for the promotion of farmers integration with Agri-business. Through a systematic skill gap analysis compulsory training and skill upgradation of all extension functionaries will be ensured, using resources of all training institutes viz. BAMETI,

MANAGE and other centres of excellence. A bank of trainers would be developed for the purpose by ATMA from among the BTT and District Core Team.

O. Farmers Organization Group approach is the corner stone of the restructured extension mechanism. A major component of extension services will be the mobilization of the community into farmers group-FIG’s, FO’s and SHG’s. Farmers’ Organization will be linked with Panchayat through existing statutory institutional arrangements. FO’s will be supported directly through public funds and will be involved in the planning; implementation, monitoring and feedback of programme. FO’s at the village level would be federated at higher levels. Representative of FO’s would be members of decision making bodies such as ATMA’s Block-level Farmers’ Advisory Committee (FAC), Commodity Associations (CO’s). The ultimate aim is for FO’s to internalize extension services for its members and provide backward (inputs, credit, technology) and forward linkages (post- harvest facilities, markets, value addition) in a vertically integrated arrangement. Under the new dispensation there would be paradigm shift from top down blanket dissemination of technological packages, towards providing producers with the knowledge and understanding to solve their own location specific problems. FIGs’ will first generate a demand for information, technology and management techniques, the extensionist would then respond to group demand rather than disseminating routine messages.

P. Public Private Partnership. Supporting private sector in marketing extension and making extensive use of media and IT in information and technology dissemination. To make ATMA work in the changed scenario, there is a need to pursue, demand-driven and market led extension strategies, thus there is a need to address these issues in right earnest and these strategies will need to be brought to the center- stage. Efforts would be made to rope in private players in offering extension services to the farmers by providing adequate support mechanisms for this to take place in this changed scenario. Future trading in agricultural commodities would be explored through ATMA, as there is a great potential due to huge surpluses available with the farmers and traders. Indeed production will now need to be significantly dictated by market requirement.

Q. Sustainability of the Project. R. Dovetailing Ongoing Schemes through ATMA

A. IMPROVEMENT OF PRODUCTIVITY AND INCOME OF FARMERS IN THE EXISTING ENTERPRISES AND FARMING SYSTEM.

Agriculture Production System Critical gap Strategic issue Strategies AES 1. Technological gaps Overcoming i. Educating farmers on technological in agricultural crops technological gaps gaps through extension functionaries like rice, wheat, in agricultural crops and mass media. maize, pulses and like rice, wheat, ii. Organizing training programme on oilseeds. maize, pulses and technological gaps. oilseeds. iii. Organize demonstration on seed treatment, fertilizer and pest management iv. Demonstration on use of bio fertilizer and micronutrient v. Linkage of farmers with credit inputs and marketing vi. Farmers field days for replication of successful innovations. vii. Workshop on Agro-processing and Value –addition techniques 2. Concept of seed Decentralized i. Identification of success stories village scheme. production of seeds where quality seed is produced and of preferred varieties sold by farmers. under the concept of ii. Identification and selection of seed village scheme. villages and villagers for seed production. iii. Exposure visits of farmers to successful sites in adjoining districts. iv. Training of farmers on seed certification, production and regular follow-up. v. Procurement of foundation /certified seeds of preferred varieties from reliable sources.

vi. Facilitating linkage with credit inputs supply and certification. vii. Forward linkage for procurement of quality seed material. 3. Value addition and Value addition and i. Identification of FIG and CIG. agro-processing. agro-processing in ii. Exposure Visit to agro-processing rice, maize, wheat center particularly Rice Maize, Wheat and pulses. and pulses produces. iii. Demonstration and training on agro-processing value addition. iv. Facilitate linkage with supply of processing machinery credit and marketing. v. Identification of FIGs and CIGs for quality seed production in specific areas. vi. Facilitating supply of quality foundation /certified system. 4. Quality production Ensuring production i. Identification of FIGs and CIGs for inputs. and delivery of quality seed production in specific quality production areas. inputs. ii. Facilitating supply of quality foundation /certified seed. iii. Linkage with registered input suppliers viz. Fertilizer, seed micro- nutrients etc. 5. Popularization of Popularization of i. Organizing awareness campaign on useful machinery. useful machinery for useful farm equipment. cost minimization, ii. Facilitate training and zero tillage etc. demonstration at farming site. iii. Identification of agro-services, contract with farmers, agriclinic dealing equipment. iv. Linkage with on going schemes for subsidized sale of farm machines and

other agril-equipment. 6. Optimization of Optimization of i. Awareness campaign on zero tillage seedling and planting seedling and machineries. time. planting time in ii. Demonstration on farmers for zero light of soil tillage machine. moisture. iii. Training to farmers on tilling and tilth management in the light of moisture management. iv. Exposure visit to successful farming places where zero tillage machines have been used. v. Identification of agencies dealing with zero tillage machines. vi. Facilitating infrastructural facilities to district Agriculture Office to extensify popularize the scheme 7. Forward linkage Forward linkage i. Carry out diagnostic study about with Govt. and private with Govt. and issue relating to market. agencies. private agencies for ii. Dove tailing of ongoing scheme on remunerative prices post harvest technology and market of farm produce. availabilities. iii. Identify for market opportunities for each commodity. 8-Non availability of Needful quality seed at village amendments in seed level act to ensure quality seeds distribution to farmers Packing of seed in small packets Ensure Agri-input availability at village level

9-Use of nutrients Awareness about Awareness camps and demonstrations according to soil test soil health and effect of nutrients on crop yield 10-Unawarenss of Training camps and Awareness camps and demonstrations plant protection demonstration Use of print media & IT measures regarding plant protection measures. 11-Popularizing -Training Awareness camps and demonstrations improved method of -Exposure visit Use of print media & IT compositing & vermi- -Demonstration composting Creating awareness about importance of bio-fertilizers & increased production of bio-fertilizers 12-. Diversification Diversification and i. Identification of specific areas for and intensification. intensification of medicinal and aromatic plant medicinal and cultivation. aromatic plants. ii. Training to FIGs’ iii. Facilitating supply of key inputs, planting materials. iv. Exposure visit to successful sites and CIMAP, Lucknow. v. Linkage with inputs supply and marketing agencies. vi. Revolving funds for strengthen FIG/SHGs’ Animal Husbandry and Dairy:

Critical gap Strategic issue Strategies AES Breed upgradation. Breed upgradation 1. Refresher training of paravets for in dairy animals providing AI at doorstep. Five farmers from each AES for 3 days duration,

2. Develop literature on general animal health management in local language. 3. Revival of frozen semen bank (revolving fund on cost recovery terms). Semen to be procured from BAIF and COMFED. 4. Exposure visit of FIGs to NDDB, Siliguri. 5. Organization of camps for infertility treatment. 6. Input supply on cost recovery basis Artificial Insemination a) Improving a) Providing awareness about AI with knowledge about audio / visuals aids. advantage & b) Intensify the availability of technical disadvantage of AI. staff. b) Improving % of c) Providing refreshment trainees to conception in AI technical person c) Improve d) Strengthening of AI facilities. awareness of AI e) Conducting fertility improvement importance. camps d) Improve f) Establishment of chilling & storage availability of centers with marketing facilities. technical person. g) Providing awareness programme e) Improve through training & field visits. conception rate. h) Intensify the availability of technical person i) Providing refresher training to technical person,. Animal Care Improving the a) Providing awareness about animal knowledge about production capacity, its requirements & animal production dairy economics capacity and its b) Intensify the supply of good quality fodder requirement. fodder and root slips. Improving c) Intensify the awareness programme knowledge about about importance of feeding minerals &

importance of vitamins. minerals & vitamins. Health & Hygeine Improve a) Intensify the awareness the knowledge about programme about animal health & animal health & hygiene through training & Field visits. hygiene. b) Intensify the conduction of animal health camps. c) Intensify the conduction of mass dosing programme & external practice control programmes. d) Erecting disease diagnostic lab. At block level Feed & Fodder for milch Improve awareness a) Providing awareness programmes animals about feed & about the feed & fodder requirement of fodder requirement the animal. of animal b) Intensify the supply of fodder seeds.

Processing of Milk Processing & (i)Assessment of problems related to preservation of spoilage of surplus milk (Convergence milk products for allowance assessment) value additions (ii)Exposure visit at Haryana/ Punjab/ NDDB ,Anand (iii)Training on value addition of milk & milk products viz. ghee paneer & khoa (iv)Revolving funds (for manual cream separator, hand churn, khoa making utensils etc.)

Use of Animal Waste Vermi composting (a) Awareness campaign from farm by (b) Demonstration cum training at products Block Level. (c) Revolving funds (d) Developing innovative farmers as entrepreneur for vermiculture

inputs Commercial Goat Health, Feed, and 1. Awareness campaign. Rearing Forward Linkage 2. Training on improved goat rearing. 3. Revolving fund for arranging improved breed/ stock and other inputs to FIGs. 4. Exposure visit to CIG, Mathura Horticulture Crops:

Critical Gap Strategic issue Strategies AES Intensification Introduction and i. Awareness campaign for introduction Intensification of and expansion of area under Agril-horti Agri-Horti- farming such as intercropping and Farming System, additional crop under shade. Apiary and Multi- ii. Promotion of FIG tier Cropping iii. Community demonstration iv. Field day v. Backward and forward linkage Off Season Expansion of area i. Area expansion, campaign (group Vegetables under off season discussion) formed under macro mode vegetables planning ii. Promotion of FIG iii. Training to off-season vegetable groups in specific area for particular situations and follow-up. iv. Facilitating supply to critical inputs such as off-season vegetable seeds and other inputs. Rejuvenation of Old Intensification of i. Identification of specific beneficiaries for Orchards area under local the particular mango cultivation and fruit races awareness. particularly mango ii. Promotion of FIG and Rejuvenation iii. Training to interested mango growers at of Old Orchards CISH-Lucknow iv. Organizing mango days at successful

sites and felicitations to successful farmers. Technical Gap in Overcoming i. Awareness campaign of technical know- Production of Fruit technical gap in how, package of practices and Crops major fruit crops technological gaps. like mango guava, ii. Organizing location based training on Banana and citrus technological gaps. iii. Demonstration on raising of planting material, after-care, IPM, INM, etc. and care and management of old orchards. iv. Exposure visit v. Establish linkage (credit, supply of inputs and marketing channels). Technical Gap in Over coming i. Awareness campaign and proper Production of major technological gap education of farmers through mass media vegetable crops. in major vegetable /extension functionaries on technological crops. gaps. ii. Organizing special training on hybrid vegetable cultivation iii. Demonstration on INM, IPM and other package of practices. iv. Exposure visit to IIVR Varanasi Water Management Popularizing Micro i. Awareness campaign and identification Irrigation and of successful sites where the sprinkler or Government drip irrigation system already in use. Schemes- ii. Identification and follow-up with (OFWAM) potential farmers and commercial banks. iii. Exposure visit to successful sites. iv. Linkage with credit and other input supplying agencies. v. Identification of agril services center dealing with micro irrigation machines HRD Arrangements Stream-lining and i. Identification of Para Hort’s / Mali’s Capacity Building developed from RAU. of Para ii. Facilitating the para-horts / malis for Horticulture /Malis registration with ATMA Patna.

developed by RAU iii. Linking of selected and identified para- Pusa horts /Malis with fruit and flower growers. iv. Revolving funds for strengthening Selected and identified Para-horts /Malis to open commercial flower center. Planting Material Unavailability of Distribute through Govt. nurseries quality planting material Integrated Nutrient Integrated nutrients -Demonstration Management management -Exposure visit -Training IPM & IDM Integrated pest & -Demonstration diseases -Exposure visit management -Training -Soil testing Processing & Value addition Demonstration Forward Linkage techniques & -Exposure visit marketing. -Training Organic Production Popularizing -Training production and use -Exposure visit of improved -Demonstration method of bio- fertilizer and cakes and compositing & vermin- composting

Fish Production System Scientific Commercial i. Awareness campaign Pisciculture fish production ii. Training at various institution of repute on scientific iii. Distribution of printed materials to promote lines commercial fish production on scientific line iv. Exposure visit to FIG group leader along with BTT v. Village chaupals for experience sharing among larger groups.

Availability Decentralized i. Awareness campaign of Seedlings Production of ii. Training at various institution of repute Finger lings iii. Distribution of printed materials to promote commercial fish production on scientific line iv. Exposure visit to FIG group leader v. Backward and Forward linkages. Modern Tools Entrepreneursh i. Awareness campaign & Equipments ip ii. Training and Exposure visit at various institution of Development repute for Improved iii. Backward and Forward linkages. Fishnet Production Feed Promotion of i. Identification of Fish feed production units within and Fish Feed outside the district. Production ii. Entrepreneurship development Unit iii. Awareness campaign iv. Training and Exposure visit at various institution of repute. v. Backward and Forward linkages.

B. DIVERSIFICATION & INTENSIFICATION OF EXISTING FARMING SYSTEM. AGRICULTURE Critical Gap Strategic issue Strategies AES Imbalanced use of Integrated nutrients management -Demonstration fertilizer -Exposure visit -Training Inadequate plant Integrated pest & diseases management -Demonstration protection measures -Exposure visit -Training -Soil testing Intensification of Popularizing high yielding varieties against local -Demonstration existing crop varieties -Exposure visit -Training Injudicious use of Scientific method of irrigation practices/drip -Demonstration

water irrigation -Exposure visit -Training HORTICULTURE Inefficient Integrated pest/diseases management. -Demonstration management of pest & -Exposure visit diseases -Training Less coverage under Lack of awareness. -Demonstration floriculture Lack of credit. -Exposure visit Lack of technical knows how. -Training Less coverage under Lack of awareness. -Demonstration fruit crops Supply of quality planting material. -Exposure visit -Training. Marketing Value addition techniques & marketing. -Demonstration -Exposure visit Off season cultivation Use of protected structure to grow crop -Demonstration of vegetables and -Exposure visit fruits -Training. ANIMAL HUSBANDRY Breeding A-Cows & Buffaloes Inseminating animals -Providing JR semen Local breed with recommended -Providing bulk cryocans (semen containers) Non availability of breed semen -Providing technical person for AI. proven siren Buffaloes: -Providing training programme for farmers Inbreeding -Introduction of regarding breed upgradation Murrah Breed -Providing Murrah bulls. B. Sheep & goats Avoid inbreeding. -Providing Bannur & UAS Rams. Non-descript breed & -Providing Deccani bucks. inbreeding -Providing training programs about upgradation to farmers. -field visits. Cows & Buffaloes, -To feed both cereals -Providing awareness about nutritional & legumes fodder requirement of the animal & nutritional status Sheep & Goats of various fodder & feedstuffs by awareness Non –availability of -To feed balanced feed programme and field visits.

quality fodder with minerals & -Providing seedling seed of legumes plants & Imbalance feeding vitamins drought resistant varieties & fodder. habit

General Management Improper housing of To contruct proper -Training animals housing with ventilation -Exposure visit facilities for animals -Demonstration

C. SUSTAINABILITY IN PRODUCTIVITY/INCOME. Agriculture Critical Gap Strategic issue Strategies AES Lack of awareness To create awareness and promotional -Training about strategies -Exposure visit commercialization -Demonstration Inadequate & use of Popularizing improved method of -Training low quality organic compositing & vermin-composting -Exposure visit manure. -Demonstration Less use and Creating awareness about importance of -Training inadequate availability bio-fertilizers & increased production of -Exposure visit of bio-fertilizers bio-fertilizers -Demonstration -Increase production & use of bio- fertilizers Depletion of soil Application of fertilizers based on soil -Demonstration fertility due to testing results. -Exposure visits. injudicious use of -Soil testing facilities fertilizers Deficiency of micro- Application of Micro-nutrients on the -Demonstration nutrients. basis of soil test results. -Exposure visits. -Soil testing facilities Inadequate Institutional support for developing -Exposure visit management of linkages with traders agricultural produce

Partial adoption of drip Management of scarce water resources -Training irrigation and popularizing drip irrigation -Exposure visit -Demonstration Non-availability of Introduction and development of -Training elite or superior superior planting type (s) -Exposure visit planting material Concept of high density plantation -Demonstration Lack of post harvest Creation of infrastructural facilities -Training management practices and value addition of produce -Exposure visit like storage and -Demonstration processing Depletion of soil Popularizing of integrated nutrients -Training I,II & III fertility management -Exposure visit I & II -Demonstration Inadequate pest & Popularizing IPM -Training diseases control -Exposure visit I,II & III measures -Demonstration

D. INTEGRATED NUTRIENTS MANAGEMENT TABLE No. 50-A PROPOSED STRATEGY FOR PROMOTING INTEGRATED NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT Cropping system/sequence: Present crop: Wheat , Previous crop: Paddy , Next crop: Wheat of crop under study : Wheat Moisture condition : Irrigated District: Vaishali Village : Saidabad Name of Agro-Ecological Situation: I Existing Gap in Reasons for Proposed Sl Particulars practice Recommended adoption gap in strategy No. practice ( F/P/N) adoption (*) (* *) (* ** ) 1. Soil Testing / Soil Health Nil Yes F 1,5 1,2,3 Cards 2. Use of manure (T/ha) - FYM 3 15-20 P 1,2,5 1,2,3,4 - Compost Vermi compost Nil Yes F 1,2,5 1,2,3,4 3. Use of major fertilizers Basal dose (kg/ha) N 46 30 P 1,5 1,2,3 P Nil 60 F 1,5 1,2,3

K Nil 40 F 1,5 1,2,3 4. Top dress (kg/ha) N 46 70 P 1,5 1,2,3 5. Use of micro-nutrients (Kg/ha) ZnSo4 Nil 25 N 1,2,5 1,2,3,4 - 6. Cultivation of legume - As rotational crop Nil Yes F 1,2 2,3 - As inter crop Nil - - - - - As green manure Nil - - - - 7. Use of bio-fertilizer Nil 10 F 1,2,4,5 1,2,3,4 (Packets/ha)Azotobector PSB

8. Any other * F = Full P = Partial N = Nil ** Code for reasons for gap in adoption *** Code for proposed strategy 1. Lack of awareness 1. Mass media 2. Other farmers follow it 2. On farm trial/demonstration 3. High residual effect of fertilizer / manure 3. On farm trails / demonstrations used in previous crop 4. Linkage with credit institutions or credit 4. Fear of loss of yield if dose is reduced thrift activity in self help group 5. Lack of finance

TABLE No.50-B

PROPOSED STRATEGY FOR PROMOTING INTEGRATED NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT

Cropping system/sequence: Present crop: Wheat , Previous crop: Paddy , Next crop: Wheat of crop under study : Wheat Moisture condition : Irrigated District: Vaishali Village : Sisauni parbodhi Name of Agro-Ecological Situation: II Existing Gap in Reasons for Proposed Sl Particulars practice Recommended adoption gap in strategy No. practice ( F/P/N) adoption (*) (* *) (* ** ) 1. Soil Testing / Soil Health Nil Yes F 1,5 1,2,3 Cards 2. Use of manure (T/ha) - FYM 5-10 15-20 P 1,2,5 1,2,3,4 - Compost Vermi compost Nil Yes F 1,2,5 1,2,3,4 3. Use of major fertilizers Basal dose (kg/ha) N 46 30 P 1,5 1,2,3 P 32 60 P 1,5 1,2,3

K Nil 40 F 1,5 1,2,3 4. Top dress (kg/ha) N 92 70 P 1,5 1,2,3 5. Use of micro-nutrients (Kg/ha) ZnSo4 Nil 25 N 1,2,5 1,2,3,4 - 6. Cultivation of legume - As rotational crop Nil Yes F 1,2 2,3 - As inter crop Nil - - - - - As green manure Nil - - - - 7. Use of bio-fertilizer Nil 10 F 1,2,4,5 1,2,3,4 (Packets/ha)Azotobector PSB

8. Any other * F = Full P = Partial N = Nil ** Code for reasons for gap in adoption *** Code for proposed strategy 1. Lack of awareness 1. Mass media 2. Other farmers follow it 2. On farm trial/demonstration 3. High residual effect of fertilizer / manure 3. On farm trails / demonstrations used in previous crop 4. Linkage with credit institutions or credit 4. Fear of loss of yield if dose is reduced thrift activity in self help group 5. Lack of finance

TABLE No.50-C PROPOSED STRATEGY FOR PROMOTING INTEGRATED NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT

Cropping system/sequence: Present crop: Wheat , Previous crop: Paddy , Next crop: Wheat of crop under study : Wheat Moisture condition : Irrigated District: Vaishali Village : Karnauti Name of Agro-Ecological Situation: III Existing Gap in Reasons for Proposed Sl Particulars practice Recommended adoption gap in strategy No. practice ( F/P/N) adoption (*) (* *) (* ** ) 1. Soil Testing / Soil Health Nil Yes F 1,5 1,2,3 Cards 2. Use of manure (T/ha) - FYM 5-10 15-20 P 1,2,5 1,2,3,4 - Compost Vermi compost Nil Yes F 1,2,5 1,2,3,4 3. Use of major fertilizers Basal dose (kg/ha) N 18 30 P 1,5 1,2,3 P 46 60 P 1,5 1,2,3

K Nil 40 F 1,5 1,2,3 4. Top dress (kg/ha) N 46 70 P 1,5 1,2,3 5. Use of micro-nutrients (Kg/ha) ZnSo4 Nil 25 N 1,2,5 1,2,3,4 - 6. Cultivation of legume - As rotational crop Nil Yes F 1,2 2,3 - As inter crop Nil - - - - - As green manure Nil - - - - 7. Use of bio-fertilizer Nil 10 F 1,2,4,5 1,2,3,4 (Packets/ha)Azotobector PSB

8. Any other * F = Full P = Partial N = Nil ** Code for reasons for gap in adoption *** Code for proposed strategy 1. Lack of awareness 1. Mass media 2. Other farmers follow it 2. On farm trial/demonstration 3. High residual effect of fertilizer / manure 3. On farm trails / demonstrations used in previous crop 4. Linkage with credit institutions or credit 4. Fear of loss of yield if dose is reduced thrift activity in self help group 5. Lack of finance

TABLE No. 50-D PROPOSED STRATEGY FOR PROMOTING INTEGRATED NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT

Cropping system/sequence: Present crop: Paddy , Previous crop: Wheat , Next crop:Wheat Name of crop under study : Paddy Moisture condition : Irrigated District: Vaishali Village : Sisauni parbodhi Name of Agro-Ecological Situation: II

Existing Gap in Reasons Proposed Sl Particulars practice Recommended adoption for gap in strategy No. practice ( F/P/N) adoption (*) (* *) (* ** ) 1. Soil Testing / Soil Health Nil Yes F 1,5 1,2,3 Cards 2. Use of manure (T/ha) - FYM 5-10 15-20 P 1,2,5 1,2,3,4 - Compost Nil Yes F Vermi compost Nil Yes F 1,2,5 1,2,3,4 3 Use of major fertilizers Basal dose (kg/ha) N 46 60 F 1,5 1,2,3 P 30 60 P 1,5 1,2,3

K Nil 30 F 1,5 1,2,3 4 Top dress (kg/ha) N 92 60 P 1,5 1,2,3 5 Use of micro-nutrients (Kg/ha) ZnSo4 Nil 25 F 1,2,5 1,2,3,4 - 6 Cultivation of legume - As rotational crop Nil Yes F 1,2 2,3 - As inter crop Nil Yes F - - - As green manure Nil Yes P - - 7 Use of bio-fertilizer (kg/ha) 1,2,4,5 1,2,3,4 Azotobector PSB Nil 10 F Any other 8

* F = Full P = Partial N = Nil ** Code for reasons for gap in adoption *** Code for proposed strategy 1. Lack of awareness 1. Mass media 2. Other farmers follow it 2. On farm trial/demonstration 3. High residual effect of fertilizer / manure 3. On farm trails / demonstrations used in previous crop 4. Linkage with credit institutions or credit 4. Fear of loss of yield if dose is reduced thrift activity in self help group 5. Lack of finance

TABLE No. 50-E PROPOSED STRATEGY FOR PROMOTING INTEGRATED NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT Cropping system/sequence: Present crop: Paddy , Previous crop: Wheat , Next crop:Wheat Name of crop under study : Paddy Moisture condition : Irrigated District: Vaishali Village : Karnauti Name of Agro-Ecological Situation: III

Existing Gap in Reasons Proposed Sl Particulars practice Recommended adoption for gap in strategy No. practice ( F/P/N) adoption (*) (* *) (* ** ) 1. Soil Testing / Soil Health Nil Yes F 1,5 1,2,3 Cards 2. Use of manure (T/ha) - FYM 5-10 15-20 P 1,2,5 1,2,3,4 - Compost Nil Yes F Vermi compost Nil Yes F 1,2,5 1,2,3,4 3 Use of major fertilizers Basal dose (kg/ha) N 46 60 F 1,5 1,2,3 P Nil 60 F 1,5 1,2,3

K Nil 30 F 1,5 1,2,3 4 Top dress (kg/ha) N 92 60 P 1,5 1,2,3 5 Use of micro-nutrients (Kg/ha) ZnSo4 Nil 25 F 1,2,5 1,2,3,4 - 6 Cultivation of legume - As rotational crop Nil Yes F 1,2 2,3 - As inter crop Nil Yes F - - - As green manure Nil Yes P - - 7 Use of bio-fertilizer (kg/ha) 1,2,4,5 1,2,3,4 Azotobector PSB Nil 10 F Any other 8

* F = Full P = Partial N = Nil ** Code for reasons for gap in adoption *** Code for proposed strategy 1. Lack of awareness 1. Mass media 2. Other farmers follow it 2. On farm trial/demonstration 3. High residual effect of fertilizer / manure 3. On farm trails / demonstrations used in previous crop 4. Linkage with credit institutions or credit 4. Fear of loss of yield if dose is reduced thrift activity in self help group 5. Lack of finance

TABLE No.50-F

PROPOSED STRATEGY FOR PROMOTING INTEGRATED NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT

Cropping system/sequence: Present crop: Maize , Previous crop: Maize , Next crop: Maize Name of crop under study : Mustard Moisture condition : Irrigated District: Vaishali Village : Saidabad Name of Agro-Ecological Situation: I Existing Gap in Reasons Proposed Sl Particulars practice Recommended adoption for gap in strategy No. practice ( F/P/N) adoption (*) (* *) (* ** ) 1. Soil Testing / Soil Health Nil Yes F 1,5 1,2,3 Cards 2. Use of manure (T/ha) - FYM 2-5 10 P 1,2,5 1,2,3,4 - Compost Nil Yes F Vermi compost Nil Yes F 1,2,5 1,2,3,4 3 Use of major fertilizers Basal dose (kg/ha) N 46 40 P 1,5 1,2,3 P Nil 40 F 1,5 1,2,3

K Nil 40 F 1,5 1,2,3 4 Top dress (kg/ha) N 46 40 P 1,5 1,2,3 5 Use of micro-nutrients (Kg/ha) ZnSo4 Nil 0.5 % spray F 1,2,5 1,2,3,4

6 Cultivation of legume - As rotational crop Nil Yes F 1,2 2,3 - As inter crop Nil Yes F - - - As green manure Nil Yes F - - 7 Use of bio-fertilizer Nil Yes F 1,2,4,5 1,2,3,4 (Packets/ha) Azotobector

8 Any other * F = Full P = Partial N = Nil ** Code for reasons for gap in adoption *** Code for proposed strategy 1. Lack of awareness 1. Mass media 2. Other farmers follow it 2. On farm trial/demonstration 3. High residual effect of fertilizer / manure 3. On farm trails / demonstrations used in previous crop 4. Linkage with credit institutions or credit 4. Fear of loss of yield if dose is reduced thrift activity in self help group 5. Lack of finance

TABLE No.50-G

PROPOSED STRATEGY FOR PROMOTING INTEGRATED NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT

Cropping system/sequence: Present crop: Maize , Previous crop: Maize , Next crop: Maize Name of crop under study : Mustard Moisture condition : Irrigated District: Vaishali Village : Saidabad Name of Agro-Ecological Situation: I Existing Gap in Reasons Proposed Sl Particulars practice Recommended adoption for gap in strategy No. practice ( F/P/N) adoption (*) (* *) (* ** ) 1. Soil Testing / Soil Health Nil Yes F 1,5 1,2,3 Cards 2. Use of manure (T/ha) - FYM 2-5 10 P 1,2,5 1,2,3,4 - Compost Nil Yes F Vermi compost Nil Yes F 1,2,5 1,2,3,4 3 Use of major fertilizers Basal dose (kg/ha) N 46 40 P 1,5 1,2,3 P Nil 40 F 1,5 1,2,3

K Nil 40 F 1,5 1,2,3 4 Top dress (kg/ha) N 46 40 P 1,5 1,2,3 5 Use of micro-nutrients (Kg/ha) ZnSo4 Nil 0.5 % spray F 1,2,5 1,2,3,4

6 Cultivation of legume - As rotational crop Nil Yes F 1,2 2,3 - As inter crop Nil Yes F - - - As green manure Nil Yes F - - 7 Use of bio-fertilizer Nil Yes F 1,2,4,5 1,2,3,4 (Packets/ha) Azotobector

8 Any other * F = Full P = Partial N = Nil ** Code for reasons for gap in adoption *** Code for proposed strategy 1. Lack of awareness 1. Mass media 2. Other farmers follow it 2. On farm trial/demonstration 3. High residual effect of fertilizer / manure 3. On farm trails / demonstrations used in previous crop 4. Linkage with credit institutions or credit 4. Fear of loss of yield if dose is reduced thrift activity in self help group 5. Lack of finance

TABLE No.50-H PROPOSED STRATEGY FOR PROMOTING INTEGRATED NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT

Cropping system/sequence: Present crop: Maize , Previous crop: Maize , Next crop: Maize Name of crop under study : Mustard Moisture condition : Irrigated District: Vaishali Village : Sisauni parbodhi Name of Agro-Ecological Situation: II Existing Gap in Reasons Proposed Sl Particulars practice Recommended adoption for gap in strategy No. practice ( F/P/N) adoption (*) (* *) (* ** ) 1. Soil Testing / Soil Health Nil Yes F 1,5 1,2,3 Cards 2. Use of manure (T/ha) - FYM 5 10 P 1,2,5 1,2,3,4 - Compost Nil Yes F Vermi compost Nil Yes F 1,2,5 1,2,3,4 3 Use of major fertilizers Basal dose (kg/ha) N 46 40 P 1,5 1,2,3 P 30 40 P 1,5 1,2,3

K Nil 40 F 1,5 1,2,3 4 Top dress (kg/ha) N 46 40 P 1,5 1,2,3 5 Use of micro-nutrients (Kg/ha) ZnSo4 Nil 0.5 % spray F 1,2,5 1,2,3,4

6 Cultivation of legume - As rotational crop Nil Yes F 1,2 2,3 - As inter crop Nil Yes F - - - As green manure Nil Yes F - - 7 Use of bio-fertilizer Nil Yes F 1,2,4,5 1,2,3,4 (Packets/ha) Azotobector

8 Any other * F = Full P = Partial N = Nil ** Code for reasons for gap in adoption *** Code for proposed strategy 1. Lack of awareness 1. Mass media 2. Other farmers follow it 2. On farm trial/demonstration 3. High residual effect of fertilizer / manure 3. On farm trails / demonstrations used in previous crop 4. Linkage with credit institutions or credit 4. Fear of loss of yield if dose is reduced thrift activity in self help group 5. Lack of finance

TABLE No.50-I PROPOSED STRATEGY FOR PROMOTING INTEGRATED NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT

Cropping system/sequence: Present crop: Maize , Previous crop: Maize , Next crop: Maize Name of crop under study : Mustard Moisture condition : Irrigated District: Vaishali Village : Karnauti Name of Agro-Ecological Situation: III Existing Gap in Reasons Proposed Sl Particulars practice Recommended adoption for gap in strategy No. practice ( F/P/N) adoption (*) (* *) (* ** ) 1. Soil Testing / Soil Health Nil Yes F 1,5 1,2,3 Cards 2. Use of manure (T/ha) - FYM 5 10 P 1,2,5 1,2,3,4 - Compost Nil Yes F Vermi compost Nil Yes F 1,2,5 1,2,3,4 3 Use of major fertilizers Basal dose (kg/ha) N 46 40 P 1,5 1,2,3 P Nil 40 F 1,5 1,2,3

K Nil 40 F 1,5 1,2,3 4 Top dress (kg/ha) N 46 40 P 1,5 1,2,3 5 Use of micro-nutrients (Kg/ha) ZnSo4 Nil 0.5 % spray F 1,2,5 1,2,3,4

6 Cultivation of legume - As rotational crop Nil Yes F 1,2 2,3 - As inter crop Nil Yes F - - - As green manure Nil Yes F - - 7 Use of bio-fertilizer Nil Yes F 1,2,4,5 1,2,3,4 (Packets/ha) Azotobector

8 Any other * F = Full P = Partial N = Nil ** Code for reasons for gap in adoption *** Code for proposed strategy 1. Lack of awareness 1. Mass media 2. Other farmers follow it 2. On farm trial/demonstration 3. High residual effect of fertilizer / manure 3. On farm trails / demonstrations used in previous crop 4. Linkage with credit institutions or credit 4. Fear of loss of yield if dose is reduced thrift activity in self help group 5. Lack of finance

TABLE No.50-J PROPOSED STRATEGY FOR PROMOTING INTEGRATED NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT

Cropping system/sequence: Present crop: Maize , Previous crop: Wheat , Next crop: Wheat Name of crop under study :Kharif Maize Moisture condition : Irrigated District: Vaishali Village : Saidabad Name of Agro-Ecological Situation: I Existing Gap in Reasons Proposed Sl Particulars practice Recommended adoption for gap in strategy No. practice ( F/P/N) adoption (*) (* *) (* ** ) 1. Soil Testing / Soil Health Nil Yes F 1,5 1,2,3 Cards 2. Use of manure (T/ha) - FYM Nil 10 F 1,2,5 1,2,3,4 - Compost Nil Yes F Vermi compost Nil Yes F 1,2,5 1,2,3,4 3 Use of major fertilizers Basal dose (kg/ha) N 46 30 P 1,5 1,2,3 P Nil 60 F 1,5 1,2,3

K Nil 40 F 1,5 1,2,3 4 Top dress (kg/ha) N 46 70 P 1,5 1,2,3 5 Use of micro-nutrients (Kg/ha) ZnSo4 Nil 25 F 1,2,5 1,2,3,4

6 Cultivation of legume - As rotational crop Nil Yes F 1,2 2,3 - As inter crop Nil Yes F - - - As green manure Nil Yes F - - 7 Use of bio-fertilizer Nil Yes F 1,2,4,5 1,2,3,4 (Packets/ha) Azotobector

8 Any other * F = Full P = Partial N = Nil ** Code for reasons for gap in adoption *** Code for proposed strategy 1. Lack of awareness 1. Mass media 2. Other farmers follow it 2. On farm trial/demonstration 3. High residual effect of fertilizer / manure 3. On farm trails / demonstrations used in previous crop 4. Linkage with credit institutions or credit 4. Fear of loss of yield if dose is reduced thrift activity in self help group 5. Lack of finance

TABLE No.50-K PROPOSED STRATEGY FOR PROMOTING INTEGRATED NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT

Cropping system/sequence: Present crop: Maize , Previous crop: Wheat , Next crop: Wheat Name of crop under study :Kharif Maize Moisture condition : Irrigated District: Vaishali Village : Sisauni parbodhi Name of Agro-Ecological Situation: II Existing Gap in Reasons Proposed Sl Particulars practice Recommended adoption for gap in strategy No. practice ( F/P/N) adoption (*) (* *) (* ** ) 1. Soil Testing / Soil Health Nil Yes F 1,5 1,2,3 Cards 2. Use of manure (T/ha) - FYM Nil 10 F 1,2,5 1,2,3,4 - Compost Nil Yes F Vermi compost Nil Yes F 1,2,5 1,2,3,4 3 Use of major fertilizers Basal dose (kg/ha) N 46 30 P 1,5 1,2,3 P 30 60 p 1,5 1,2,3

K Nil 40 F 1,5 1,2,3 4 Top dress (kg/ha) N 46 70 P 1,5 1,2,3 5 Use of micro-nutrients (Kg/ha) ZnSo4 Nil 25 F 1,2,5 1,2,3,4

6 Cultivation of legume - As rotational crop Nil Yes F 1,2 2,3 - As inter crop Nil Yes F - - - As green manure Nil Yes F - - 7 Use of bio-fertilizer Nil Yes F 1,2,4,5 1,2,3,4 (Packets/ha) Azotobector

8 Any other * F = Full P = Partial N = Nil ** Code for reasons for gap in adoption *** Code for proposed strategy 1. Lack of awareness 1. Mass media 2. Other farmers follow it 2. On farm trial/demonstration 3. High residual effect of fertilizer / manure 3. On farm trails / demonstrations used in previous crop 4. Linkage with credit institutions or credit 4. Fear of loss of yield if dose is reduced thrift activity in self help group 5. Lack of finance

TABLE No.50- L PROPOSED STRATEGY FOR PROMOTING INTEGRATED NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT

Cropping system/sequence: Present crop: Maize , Previous crop: Wheat , Next crop: Wheat Name of crop under study :Kharif Maize Moisture condition : Irrigated District: Vaishali Village : Karnauti Name of Agro-Ecological Situation: III Existing Gap in Reasons Proposed Sl Particulars practice Recommended adoption for gap in strategy No. practice ( F/P/N) adoption (*) (* *) (* ** ) 1. Soil Testing / Soil Health Nil Yes F 1,5 1,2,3 Cards 2. Use of manure (T/ha) - FYM Nil 10 F 1,2,5 1,2,3,4 - Compost Nil Yes F Vermi compost Nil Yes F 1,2,5 1,2,3,4 3 Use of major fertilizers Basal dose (kg/ha) N 46 30 P 1,5 1,2,3 P Nil 60 F 1,5 1,2,3

K Nil 40 F 1,5 1,2,3 4 Top dress (kg/ha) N 46 70 P 1,5 1,2,3 5 Use of micro-nutrients (Kg/ha) ZnSo4 Nil 25 F 1,2,5 1,2,3,4

6 Cultivation of legume - As rotational crop Nil Yes F 1,2 2,3 - As inter crop Nil Yes F - - - As green manure Nil Yes F - - 7 Use of bio-fertilizer Nil Yes F 1,2,4,5 1,2,3,4 (Packets/ha) Azotobector

8 Any other * F = Full P = Partial N = Nil ** Code for reasons for gap in adoption *** Code for proposed strategy 1. Lack of awareness 1. Mass media 2. Other farmers follow it 2. On farm trial/demonstration 3. High residual effect of fertilizer / manure 3. On farm trails / demonstrations used in previous crop 4. Linkage with credit institutions or credit 4. Fear of loss of yield if dose is reduced thrift activity in self help group 5. Lack of finance

TABLE No.50-M

PROPOSED STRATEGY FOR PROMOTING INTEGRATED NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT

Cropping system/sequence: Present crop: Maize , Previous crop: Paddy , Next crop: Paddy Name of crop under study :Rabi Maize Moisture condition : Irrigated District: Vaishali Village : Saidabad Name of Agro-Ecological Situation: I Existing Gap in Reasons Proposed Sl Particulars practice Recommended adoption for gap in strategy No. practice ( F/P/N) adoption (*) (* *) (* ** ) 1. Soil Testing / Soil Health Nil Yes F 1,5 1,2,3 Cards 2. Use of manure (T/ha) - FYM 3 10 P 1,2,5 1,2,3,4 - Compost Nil Yes F Vermi compost Nil Yes F 1,2,5 1,2,3,4 3 Use of major fertilizers Basal dose (kg/ha) N 46 40 P 1,5 1,2,3 P 40 75 P 1,5 1,2,3

K 20 50 P 1,5 1,2,3 4 Top dress (kg/ha) N 46 70 P 1,5 1,2,3 5 Use of micro-nutrients (Kg/ha) ZnSo4 Nil 25 F 1,2,5 1,2,3,4

6 Cultivation of legume - As rotational crop Nil Yes F 1,2 2,3 - As inter crop Nil Yes F - - - As green manure Nil Yes F - - 7 Use of bio-fertilizer Nil Yes F 1,2,4,5 1,2,3,4 (Packets/ha) Azotobector

8 Any other * F = Full P = Partial N = Nil ** Code for reasons for gap in adoption *** Code for proposed strategy 1. Lack of awareness 1. Mass media 2. Other farmers follow it 2. On farm trial/demonstration 3. High residual effect of fertilizer / manure 3. On farm trails / demonstrations used in previous crop 4. Linkage with credit institutions or credit 4. Fear of loss of yield if dose is reduced thrift activity in self help group 5. Lack of finance

TABLE No.50-N

PROPOSED STRATEGY FOR PROMOTING INTEGRATED NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT

Present crop: Maize, Previous crop: Paddy / Veg. , Next crop: Paddy / Veg. Name of crop under study :Rabi Maize Moisture condition : Irrigated District: Vaishali Village : Sisauni pabodhi Name of Agro-Ecological Situation: II Existing Gap in Reasons Proposed Sl Particulars practice Recommended adoption for gap in strategy No. practice ( F/P/N) adoption (*) (* *) (* ** ) 1. Soil Testing / Soil Health Nil Yes F 1,5 1,2,3 Cards 2. Use of manure (T/ha) - FYM 5 10 P 1,2,5 1,2,3,4 - Compost Nil Yes F Vermi compost Nil Yes F 1,2,5 1,2,3,4 3 Use of major fertilizers Basal dose (kg/ha) N 36 40 P 1,5 1,2,3 P 92 75 P 1,5 1,2,3

K 50 50 N 4 Top dress (kg/ha) N 46 70 P 1,5 1,2,3 5 Use of micro-nutrients (Kg/ha) ZnSo4 Nil 25 F 1,2,5 1,2,3,4

6 Cultivation of legume - As rotational crop Nil Yes F 1,2 2,3 - As inter crop Nil Yes F - - - As green manure Nil Yes F - - 7 Use of bio-fertilizer Nil Yes F 1,2,4,5 1,2,3,4 (Packets/ha) Azotobector

8 Any other * F = Full P = Partial N = Nil ** Code for reasons for gap in adoption *** Code for proposed strategy 1. Lack of awareness 1. Mass media 2. Other farmers follow it 2. On farm trial/demonstration 3. High residual effect of fertilizer / manure 3. On farm trails / demonstrations used in previous crop 4. Linkage with credit institutions or credit 4. Fear of loss of yield if dose is reduced thrift activity in self help group 5. Lack of finance

TABLE No.50-O PROPOSED STRATEGY FOR PROMOTING INTEGRATED NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT

Cropping system/sequence: Present crop: Maize , Previous crop: Paddy , Next crop: Paddy Name of crop under study :Rabi Maize Moisture condition : Irrigated District: Vaishali Village : Karnauti Name of Agro-Ecological Situation: III Existing Gap in Reasons Proposed Sl Particulars practice Recommended adoption for gap in strategy No. practice ( F/P/N) adoption (*) (* *) (* ** ) 1. Soil Testing / Soil Health Nil Yes F 1,5 1,2,3 Cards 2. Use of manure (T/ha) - FYM 3 10 P 1,2,5 1,2,3,4 - Compost Nil Yes F Vermi compost Nil Yes F 1,2,5 1,2,3,4 3 Use of major fertilizers Basal dose (kg/ha) N 46 40 P 1,5 1,2,3 P 40 75 P 1,5 1,2,3

K 20 50 P 1,5 1,2,3 4 Top dress (kg/ha) N 46 70 P 1,5 1,2,3 5 Use of micro-nutrients (Kg/ha) ZnSo4 Nil 25 F 1,2,5 1,2,3,4

6 Cultivation of legume - As rotational crop Nil Yes F 1,2 2,3 - As inter crop Nil Yes F - - - As green manure Nil Yes F - - 7 Use of bio-fertilizer Nil Yes F 1,2,4,5 1,2,3,4 (Packets/ha) Azotobector

8 Any other * F = Full P = Partial N = Nil ** Code for reasons for gap in adoption *** Code for proposed strategy 1. Lack of awareness 1. Mass media 2. Other farmers follow it 2. On farm trial/demonstration 3. High residual effect of fertilizer / manure 3. On farm trails / demonstrations used in previous crop 4. Linkage with credit institutions or credit 4. Fear of loss of yield if dose is reduced thrift activity in self help group 5. Lack of finance

TABLE No.50-P

PROPOSED STRATEGY FOR PROMOTING INTEGRATED NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT

Present crop: Potato , Previous crop: Paddy , Next crop: Paddy Name of crop under study :Potato Moisture condition : Irrigated District: Vaishali Village : Saidabad Name of Agro-Ecological Situation: I Existing Gap in Reasons Proposed Sl Particulars practice Recommended adoption for gap in strategy No. practice ( F/P/N) adoption (*) (* *) (* ** ) 1. Soil Testing / Soil Health Nil Yes F 1,5 1,2,3 Cards 2. Use of manure (T/ha) - FYM 5-10 20-25 P 1,2,5 1,2,3,4 - Compost Nil Yes F Vermi compost Nil Yes F 1,2,5 1,2,3,4 3 Use of major fertilizers Basal dose (kg/ha) N 36 75 P 1,5 1,2,3 P 92 90 P 1,5 1,2,3

K 50 100 P 1,5 1,2,3 4 Top dress (kg/ha) N 46 75 P 1,5 1,2,3 5 Use of micro-nutrients (Kg/ha) ZnSo4 Nil 25 F 1,2,5 1,2,3,4

6 Cultivation of legume - As rotational crop Nil Yes F 1,2 2,3 - As inter crop Nil Yes F - - - As green manure Nil Yes F - - 7 Use of bio-fertilizer Nil 10 F 1,2,4,5 1,2,3,4 (Packets/ha) Azotobector

8 Any other * F = Full P = Partial N = Nil ** Code for reasons for gap in adoption *** Code for proposed strategy 1. Lack of awareness 1. Mass media 2. Other farmers follow it 2. On farm trial/demonstration 3. High residual effect of fertilizer / manure 3. On farm trails / demonstrations used in previous crop 4. Linkage with credit institutions or credit 4. Fear of loss of yield if dose is reduced thrift activity in self help group 5. Lack of finance

TABLE No.50-Q

PROPOSED STRATEGY FOR PROMOTING INTEGRATED NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT

Present crop: Potato , Previous crop: Maize , Next crop: Maize Name of crop under study :Potato Moisture condition : Irrigated District: Vaishali Village : Sisauni parbodhi Name of Agro-Ecological Situation: II Existing Gap in Reasons Proposed Sl Particulars practice Recommended adoption for gap in strategy No. practice ( F/P/N) adoption (*) (* *) (* ** ) 1. Soil Testing / Soil Health Nil Yes F 1,5 1,2,3 Cards 2. Use of manure (T/ha) - FYM 10-15 20-25 P 1,2,5 1,2,3,4 - Compost Nil Yes F Vermi compost Nil Yes F 1,2,5 1,2,3,4 3 Use of major fertilizers Basal dose (kg/ha) N 46 75 P 1,5 1,2,3 P 92 90 P 1,5 1,2,3

K 50 100 P 1,5 1,2,3 4 Top dress (kg/ha) N 46 75 P 1,5 1,2,3 5 Use of micro-nutrients (Kg/ha) ZnSo4 Nil 25 F 1,2,5 1,2,3,4

6 Cultivation of legume - As rotational crop Nil Yes F 1,2 2,3 - As inter crop Nil Yes F - - - As green manure Nil Yes F - - 7 Use of bio-fertilizer Nil 10 F 1,2,4,5 1,2,3,4 (Packets/ha) Azotobector

8 Any other * F = Full P = Partial N = Nil ** Code for reasons for gap in adoption *** Code for proposed strategy 1. Lack of awareness 1. Mass media 2. Other farmers follow it 2. On farm trial/demonstration 3. High residual effect of fertilizer / manure 3. On farm trails / demonstrations used in previous crop 4. Linkage with credit institutions or credit 4. Fear of loss of yield if dose is reduced thrift activity in self help group 5. Lack of finance

TABLE No.50-R

PROPOSED STRATEGY FOR PROMOTING INTEGRATED NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT

Present crop: Potato , Previous crop: Paddy , Next crop: Paddy Name of crop under study :Potato Moisture condition : Irrigated District: Vaishali Village : Karnauti Name of Agro-Ecological Situation: III Existing Gap in Reasons Proposed Sl Particulars practice Recommended adoption for gap in strategy No. practice ( F/P/N) adoption (*) (* *) (* ** ) 1. Soil Testing / Soil Health Nil Yes F 1,5 1,2,3 Cards 2. Use of manure (T/ha) - FYM 5-10 20-25 P 1,2,5 1,2,3,4 - Compost Nil Yes F Vermi compost Nil Yes F 1,2,5 1,2,3,4 3 Use of major fertilizers Basal dose (kg/ha) N 36 75 P 1,5 1,2,3 P 92 90 P 1,5 1,2,3

K 50 100 P 1,5 1,2,3 4 Top dress (kg/ha) N 46 75 P 1,5 1,2,3 5 Use of micro-nutrients (Kg/ha) ZnSo4 Nil 25 F 1,2,5 1,2,3,4

6 Cultivation of legume - As rotational crop Nil Yes F 1,2 2,3 - As inter crop Nil Yes F - - - As green manure Nil Yes F - - 7 Use of bio-fertilizer Nil 10 F 1,2,4,5 1,2,3,4 (Packets/ha) Azotobector

8 Any other * F = Full P = Partial N = Nil ** Code for reasons for gap in adoption *** Code for proposed strategy 1. Lack of awareness 1. Mass media 2. Other farmers follow it 2. On farm trial/demonstration 3. High residual effect of fertilizer / manure 3. On farm trails / demonstrations used in previous crop 4. Linkage with credit institutions or credit 4. Fear of loss of yield if dose is reduced thrift activity in self help group 5. Lack of finance

Integrated Nutrients 1. To organize awareness campaign for INM technologies Management 2. Identification and selection of feasible waste land where green manure seeds Bio fertilizer can be produced through SHGs/Mahila Mandal etc. 3. Organizing training for cultivators on production on and use of bio fertilizer vermi fertilizers compost and balance use of chemical fertilizer on soil tests. 4. Organizing field day at the site of successful Demonstration. Inclusion of organics in 1. Awareness campaign for use of organic in nutrient management nutrients management 2. Organize farming for farmers for production and inclusion of organics in nutrients management 3. To organize field day on successful site. 4. To organize plantation of leaf manure crops on waste land or an common lands. Promotion of green 1. Identification of areas and villages cultivation of for green manuring crops manuring through seed 2. Multiplication of the green manure seed varieties through co-operation of production the farmers 3. Facilitate supply of critical inputs like and through seed supplying agency. 4. Organizing demonstration and field days. 5. Exposure visit to successful site. 6. Farmers training on improved green manure crop cultivation. Micro nutrients 1. Awareness campaign about micro-nutrients management managements for 2. Identify the specific areas where the soil deficiencies in micro-nutrients such optimum field & soil as zinc in particular health along with 3. Training to progressive farmers for proper management of micronutrients. organics 4. Demonstration on specific crops like paddy in which zinc deficiency often occurs. 5. Conduct field days at the site of successful demonstration. Checking obnoxious 1. To identify the areas first where these obnoxious weeds are visible weeds like Phalaris 2. To educate the farmers for judicious use of weedicides minor and Parthinium 3. Organizing training for better knowledge of pre and post emergence of weeds. To cultivators including mechanical eradication. Intensification of zero 1. Awareness campaign about benefits of zero-tillage machine tillage to reduce 2. Demonstration successful site of zero tilling and production of crops exposure oxidation of 3. Field day on the farm & other successful cultivators.

soil organic matter 4. Exposure visit to Agril Engineering department/ Zero tillage machine supplier Promotion of soil test 1. Awareness campaign for benefit of soil testing based intensive 2. Arrangement for collection of soil sample through the line Deptt. cultivation for balanced 3. Facilitate with a soil testing kit to 10 blocks of the district. nutrition 4. Arrangement for making available the soil testing support as early as possible on receipt of money from the cultivators.

E. INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT

TABLE No.51-A PROPOSED STRATEGY FOR PROMOTING INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT Crop : Paddy Pest : WBPH Season : Kharif District :- Vaishali Sl. No. Particulars Existing Recommended Gap in Reasons for Proposed practice practice adoption gap in strategy (F/P/N) * adoption (*) (**) 1 Cultural practices (Y/-) : - Summer ploughing Y Y N N N - Timely sowing N Y F 1,3 1,2,3

2 Resistant variety (specific) N Y F 1,2,4 1,2,3,4

3 Bio pesticides (No.of applications) - Neem product N F F 1,2,3,4 1,2,3,4 - NPV N F F 1,2,3,4 1,2,3,4

4 Bio agent (Y/-) - Egg parasite - - - - Tricoderma. N Y F 1,3,4 1,2,3,4

5 Other practices (Y/-) - Pheromone trap N Y F 1,3,4 1,2,3,4 - Light trap N Y F 1,3,4 1,2,3,4

6 Pesticides (No. of applications) - Spraying Y Y N N N - Dusting Y Y N N N - Seed treatment N Y F 1,3,4 1,2,3,4 - Soil applications N Y F 1,3,4 1,2,3,4

7 Any other F = Full, P = Partial, N = NIL * * ** Code for reasons for gap in *** Code for proposed strategy adoption 1. Lack of awareness 1. Mass media 2. Other farmers follow it 2. On farm trial/demonstration 3. Lack of Knowledge . 3. Tranig & Exposure visit .

4. Lack of finance 4. Linkage with credit institutions or credit thrift activity in self help group

TABLE No.51-B PROPOSED STRATEGY FOR PROMOTING INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT Crop :Oil Seed Pest : APHID Season :Rabbi District :- Vaishali Sl. No. Particulars Existing Recommended Gap in Reasons for Proposed practice practice adoption gap in strategy (F/P/N) * adoption (*) (**) 1 Cultural practices (Y/-) : - Summer ploughing Y Y N N N - Timely sowing N Y F 1,3 1,2,3

2 Resistant variety (specific) N Y F 1,2,4 1,2,3,4

3 Bio pesticides (No.of applications) - Neem product N F F 1,2,3,4 1,2,3,4 - NPV N F F 1,2,3,4 1,2,3,4

4 Bio agent (Y/-) - Egg parasite - - - - Tricoderma. N Y F 1,3,4 1,2,3,4

5 Other practices (Y/-) - Pheromone trap N Y F 1,3,4 1,2,3,4 - Light trap N Y F 1,3,4 1,2,3,4

6 Pesticides (No. of applications) - Spraying Y Y N N N - Dusting Y Y N N N - Seed treatment N Y F 1,3,4 1,2,3,4 - Soil applications N Y F 1,3,4 1,2,3,4

7 Any other F = Full, P = Partial, N = NIL * * ** Code for reasons for gap in *** Code for proposed strategy adoption 1. Lack of awareness 1. Mass media 2. Other farmers follow it 2. On farm trial/demonstration 3. Lack of Knowledge . 3. Tranig & Exposure visit . 4. Lack of finance 4. Linkage with credit institutions or credit thrift activity in self help group

TABLE No.51-C PROPOSED STRATEGY FOR PROMOTING INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT Crop :Paddy / maize Pest : STEM BORROR Season :Rabbi / Kharif District :- Vaishali Sl. No. Particulars Existing Recommended Gap in Reasons for Proposed practice practice adoption gap in strategy (F/P/N) * adoption (*) (**) 1 Cultural practices (Y/-) : - Summer ploughing Y Y N N N - Timely sowing N Y F 1,3 1,2,3

2 Resistant variety (specific) N N N N N

3 Bio pesticides (No.of applications) - Neem product N F F 1,2,3,4 1,2,3,4 - NPV N F F 1,2,3,4 1,2,3,4

4 Bio agent (Y/-) - Egg parasite - - - - Tricoderma. N Y F 1,3,4 1,2,3,4

5 Other practices (Y/-) - Pheromone trap N Y F 1,3,4 1,2,3,4 - Light trap N Y F 1,3,4 1,2,3,4

6 Pesticides (No. of applications) - Spraying Y Y N N N - Dusting Y Y N N N - Seed treatment N Y F 1,3,4 1,2,3,4 - Soil applications N Y F 1,3,4 1,2,3,4

7 Any other

TABLE No.51-D PROPOSED STRATEGY FOR PROMOTING INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT Crop : Pulses Pest : PORD BORROR Season :Rabbi / Kharif District :- Vaishali Sl. No. Particulars Existing Recommended Gap in Reasons for Proposed practice practice adoption gap in strategy (F/P/N) * adoption (*) (**) 1 Cultural practices (Y/-) : - Summer ploughing Y Y N N N - Timely sowing N Y F 1,3 1,2,3

2 Resistant variety (specific) N N N N N

3 Bio pesticides (No.of applications) - Neem product N F F 1,2,3,4 1,2,3,4 - NPV N F F 1,2,3,4 1,2,3,4

4 Bio agent (Y/-) - Egg parasite N Y F 1,3,4 1,2,3,4 Tricoderma. N Y F 1,3,4 1,2,3,4

5 Other practices (Y/-) - Pheromone trap N Y F 1,3,4 1,2,3,4 - Light trap N Y F 1,3,4 1,2,3,4

6 Pesticides (No. of applications) - Spraying Y Y N N N - Dusting Y Y N N N - Seed treatment N Y F 1,3,4 1,2,3,4 - Soil applications N Y F 1,3,4 1,2,3,4

7 Any other

TABLE No.51-E PROPOSED STRATEGY FOR PROMOTING INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT Crop : All crops Pest : Termite Season : Rabi / Kharif District :- Vaishali

Sl. No. Particulars Existing Recommended Gap in Reasons for Proposed practice practice adoption gap in strategy (F/P/N) * adoption (*) (**) 1 Cultural practices (Y/-) : - Summer ploughing N Y F 1,2,3 1,2,3 - Timely sowing Y Y N N N

2 Resistant variety (specific) - - - - -

3 Bio pesticides (No.of applications) - Neem product N Y F 1,2,3,4 1,2,3,4 - NPV N Y F 1,2,3,4 1,2,3,4

4 Bio agent (Y/-) - Egg parasite N Y F 1,2,3 1,2,3

5 Other practices (Y/-) - Pheromone trap N N N N N - Light trap N N N N N

6 Pesticides (No. of applications) - Spraying N N N N N - Dusting N N N N N - Seed treatment N Y F 1,2,3,4 1,2,34 - Soil applications N Y F 1,2,3,4 1,2,3,4

7 Any other F = Full, P = Partial, N = NIL * Code for reasons for gap in adoption ** Code for proposed strategy : 1. Lack of awareness 1. Mass media 2. Other farmers follow it 2. On farm trial/demonstration 3. Lack of Knowledge . 3. Tranig & Exposure visit . 4. Linkage with credit institutions or credit 4. Lack of finance thrift activity in self help group

TABLE No.51-F PROPOSED STRATEGY FOR PROMOTING

INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT Crop :- Paddy/ maize. Veg. Pest : Grass Hopper Season : Kharif District :- Vaishali Sl. No. Particulars Existing Recommended Gap in Reasons for Proposed practice practice adoption gap in strategy (F/P/N) * adoption (*) (**) 1 Cultural practices (Y/-) : - Summer ploughing N Y F 1,2,3 1,2,3 - Timely sowing N Y F N N

2 Resistant variety (specific) - - - - -

3 Bio pesticides (No.of applications) - Neem product N Y F 1,2,3,4 1,2,3,4 - NPV - - -

4 Bio agent (Y/-) - Egg parasite - - -

5 Other practices (Y/-) - Pheromone trap N Y F 1,2,3,4 1,2,3,4 - Light trap N Y F 1,2,3,4 1,2,3,4

6 Pesticides (No. of applications) - Spraying N N N N N - Dusting N Y F 1,2,3 1,2,3 - Seed treatment - Soil applications

7 Any other

F = Full, P = Partial, N = NIL * Code for reasons for gap in adoption ** Code for proposed strategy : 1. Lack of awareness 1. Mass media 2. Other farmers follow it 2. On farm trial/demonstration 3. Lack of Knowledge . 3. Tranig & Exposure visit . 4. Linkage with credit institutions or credit 4. Lack of finance thrift activity in self help group

Strategies Integrated Pest 1. Organize awareness campaign on IPM technology. management 2. Identification of critical areas where pest infestation always occur 3. Organizing demonstration on crop pest management 4. Organizing farmer’s field day to make the farmers IPM experts. 5. Organizing training to farmers. 6. Facilitate supply of bio pesticides in set net pheromone traps etc. on subsidized payment.

D. SEED MULTIPLICATION & REPLACEMENT

TABLE No.52-A PROPOSED STRATEGY FOR SEED REPLACEMENT RATIO

District: Vaishali Preferred variety : CSR-30

Agro-Ecological Situation : I & II

Area sown (ha) Quality of Sl. Source of seed Quantity of seed used (of under the crop with seed of No. of preferred variety/ hybrid preferred variety) (Q) different varieties preferred variety (G/A/P)* Preferred Other variety varieties A Purchase from outside: - From Private dealer 42.9 29 55 G

- From public sector 21.6 14 27 G

B Use of self produced seed: - From own field - - - -

- From others field - - - -

C Any other - - - -

Total 64.5` 43 82 -

* G = Good A = Average P = Poor

TABLE No.52-B

PROPOSED STRATEGY FOR SEED REPLACEMENT RATIO

District: Vaishali Name of crop : Arhar Preferred variety : Manak Agro-Ecological Situation : I & II

Area sown (ha) Quality of Sl. Source of seed Quantity of seed used under the crop with seed of No. of preferred variety/ hybrid (of preferred variety) different varieties preferred (Q) variety (G/A/P)* Preferred Other variety varieties A Purchase from outside: - From Private dealer 2.10 14 10 G

- From public sector 4.20 28 8 G B Use of self produced seed: - From own field - - - - - From others field - - - - C Any other - - - - Total 6.30 42 18 -

* G = Good A = Average P = Poor

TABLE No.52-C PROPOSED STRATEGY FOR SEED REPLACEMENT RATIO

District: Vaishali Name of crop : Sugarxcane Preferred variety : COH-119 Agro-Ecological Situation : I &II

Area sown (ha) Quality of Sl. Source of seed Quantity of seed under the crop with seed of No. of preferred variety/ hybrid used (of preferred different varieties preferred variety) (Q) variety (G/A/P)* Preferred Other variety varieties A Purchase from outside: - From Private dealer - - - - - From public sector 960 12 8 G B Use of self produced seed: - From own field 960 12 28 G - From others field 1120 14 23 G C Any other - - - - Total 3040 38 59 -

* G = Good A = Average P = Poor

TABLE No.52-D PROPOSED STRATEGY FOR SEED REPLACEMENT RATIO

District: Vaishali Name of crop : Wheat Preferred variety : PBW-343 Agro-Ecological Situation : I & II

Area sown (ha) Quality of Sl. Source of seed Quantity of seed under the crop with seed of preferred No. of preferred variety/ used (of preferred different varieties variety hybrid variety) (Q) (G/A/P)* Preferred Other variety varieties A Purchase from outside: - From Private dealer 22.5 18 12 G

- From public sector 75.0 60 26 G B Use of self produced seed: - From own field - - - - - From others field - - - - C Any other - - - - Total 97.5 78 38 -

* G = Good A = Average P = Poor

TABLE No.52-E PROPOSED STRATEGY FOR SEED REPLACEMENT RATIO

District: Vaishali Name of crop : Mustard Preferred variety : T-59

Agro-Ecological Situation : I & II

Area sown (ha) Quality of Sl. Source of seed Quantity of seed under the crop with seed of No. of preferred variety/ hybrid used (of preferred different varieties preferred variety) (Q) Preferred Other variety variety varieties (G/A/P)* A Purchase from outside: - From Private dealer 1.52 38 40 G - From public sector 1.36 34 33 G B Use of self produced seed: - From own field - - - - - From others field - - - - C Any other - - - - Total 2.88 72 73 -

* G = Good A = Average P = Poor

E. HORTICULTURAL PLANTING MATERIAL

Table No.53 PROPOSED STRATEGY FOR PROMOTING PREFERRED HORTICULTURAL PLANTING MATERIAL Table No.53 PROPOSED STRATEGY FOR PROMOTING PREFERRED HORTICULTURAL PLANTING MATERIAL Crop: Mango Sl. Sources of preferred Quantity of Area sown (ha) under the crop with Quality of No. planting material of planting different varieties preferred planting horticultural crops material used Safed Maldah Bambai Sukul material required of preferred for the district variety 1. Purchase from outside - from private nursery - - - - - from public sector 10000 50 30 20 Safed Maldah Grafting Grafting Grafting 2. Use of self produced planting material - from own field ------from other field - - - - -

Crop: Banana Sl. Sources of preferred Quantity of Area sown (ha) under the crop with Quality of No. planting material of planting different varieties preferred planting horticultural crops material used Robusta Basrai Alpan material required of preferred for the district variety 1 Purchase from outside - from private nursery - - from public sector 2. Use of self produced planting material - from own field 300000 120000 118000 72000 G - from other field (Rhyzome) - -

Crop: Ber Sl. Sources of preferred Quantity of Area sown (ha) under the crop with Quality of No. planting material of planting different varieties preferred planting horticultural crops material used material required of preferred for the district variety Gola Kethli Umran 1. Purchase from outside - from private nursery - - - - Gola & - from public sector 8000 6000 - 2000 Umran Grafting Grafting Grafting 2. Use of self produced planting material - from own field ------from other field - - - - -

Crop: Guava Sl. Sources of preferred Quantity of Area sown (ha) under the crop with Quality of No. planting material of planting different varieties preferred planting horticultural crops material used material required of preferred Allahabadi L-49 Banarsi for the district variety Safeda Surkha 1 Purchase from outside - from private nursery - - - - Allahabadi Safeda - from public sector 15000 9000 5000 1000 L-49 Grafting Grafting Grafting Grafting Banarsi Surkha 2. Use of self produced planting material - from own field ------from other field - - - - -

Strategies Decentralized i. Awareness campaign Production of Seed & ii. Identification and promotion of FIGs’ for decentralized vegetable Planting Material of seed production Major Vegetables. iii. Exposure visit of FIGs’ to successful sites in other district/state. iv Training for seed production and certification. v. Arrangement of foundation /certified seed of location specific varieties from reliable sources on payment for the interested FIGs’. Intensification of True i. Awareness campaign and identification of areas where farmers are Potato Seed Production ready to grow TPS.

(TPS). ii. Training to interested growers at CPRI, Patna particularly for nursery preparations iii. Exposure visit to success sites iv. Demonstration on farmers site v. Linkage with research and extension institutions. Promotion of FIGs for i. Awareness and Identification of FIGs in specific areas to promote Planting Material of them for commercial cultivations of floriculture. Horticulture Plants and ii. Special training to FIGs’ for production of planting materials. Commercial iii. Facilitate supply of critical inputs such as planting material. Floriculture iv. Exposure visits to BTT members on –Group Dynamics, IPNM, Water Budgeting, Vermi-composting, Fodder crops and Plant Tissue culture. v. Exposure visit to successful sites for FIGs’.

F. SUCCESS STORIES

Table No.54 PROPOSED STRATEGY FOR PROMOTING SUCCESS STORIES AND ITS REPLICATION Whether it shall Reasons behind spread on its non-adoption of Proposed Title of own successful Type of strategy success story (Y/N) technology * recommendation ++ 1. Diversified farming- a case study . Name of success Story: N A, F,B,C,D AES I RR H,B,A,D,C Sh. Ramesh Dagar Vill. AK Barota Block. Rai 2. Successful integration of mushroom with farming. Name of success story: Khubru-mushroom village of Y B,D,F,E AES I & II RP C,G,H Haryana. Village. Khubru Blick. Ganaur 3. From ordinary farm woman to successful intrepreneur. Name of success story: N A,F,B,E,C AES I & II RR F,C,D,A Smt. Raj Bala Daral Vill. Barota Block. Rai 4. Successful adoption of INM Name of success story: Sh. Ranvir Singh N A,F,E AES I RP F,B,D Vill. Sandal Kalan Block. Gohana 5. Popularizing IPM & organic farming: Name of success story: N F,A,B,D AES II RR F,B,D,G Sh. Karan Singh Vill. NP Majra Block. Ganaur 6. Popularizing fish farming Name of success story: Sh. Dilbag Singh Vill. Baroda Block. Gohana N A,F,G AES II RR F,C,D,A * ++ A, Lack of awareness. A. Mass media. B. Hurdles in marketing B. OFT/demonstration. C. Lack of farm finance. C. Linkage with credit/mkting/processing units. D. Non-availability of quality inputs. D. Awareness campaign. E. Uncertainty/probable risk factor. E Any other(specify) F. Lack of technical know how. F. Technical Know how.

G. Any other(specify) G. Availability of quality inputs.

I. NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT Table No.55 PROPOSED STRATEGY FOR MANAGEMENT OF LAND AND WATER RESOURCES District :West Champaran Agro-Ecological Situation: I, II & III

Critical gap Strategies Activities Scanty and erratic rainfall Unscruplous destruction of Afforstation of suitable trees Vanmahotsav, natural vegetation Awareness campain Mass media Shrinkage of fauna or wildlife Natural santuraries and National park Mass media Less percolation of water and Afforestation and expansion of orchards Mass media high surface runoff Constrauction of trenches for enhancing Awareness camp infiltration rate Reduction in local storage Creation of local structure based on Awareness camp structures indigeneous knowledge Mass Media Soil Health Decreasing soil fertility and Integrated Nutrient Management Trainings organic matter. Demonstrations Non-judicious use of Use of fertilizers and chemicals on soil test Trainings fertilizers and chemicals. and need basis. Demonstrations Poor management of local Digging of pits and proper management of Trainings farm yard manures and FYM and crop residue. Demonstrations residues resulting in high Exposure visit incidence of white grubs Increasing soil alclinity. Use of vermicompost and use of improved Trainings methods of composting Demonstrations EM activities pit , use of Trichodera, Bacillus Exposure visit for fast decomposition.

Strategies

Natural Resource management for 1. Mangement of soil health through cultural practices

Sustainability of Production and and suitable crop rotations. Productivity 2. INM an IPM 3.Inclusion of organics in nutrient management. 4. Promotion of green Manuring through seed production. 5. Micro nutrient management for optimum yield and soil health along with organics. 6. Checking obnoxious weeds like Phalaris minor and Parthinium. 7. Managing existing and potential water areas for pisciculture

J. ISSUES FOR POLICY CONSIDERATION.

Table No.56 ISSUES FOR POLICY CONSIDERATION IN AGRICULTURE AND ALLIED SECTORS District : West Champaran Agro-Ecological Situation : I, II & III

Sl. Issue / problem Proposed policy intervention No. 1. Small and fragmented Legislative measures for prevention of further land holdings fragmentation and conversion towards non-agriculture purposes. Market oriented integrated farming system approach to make best use of resources at farm level. 2. Depleting soil fertility Propagation of INM, green manuring & IPM to avoid excessive dependency on chemicals. 3. Non judicious use of Soil testing labs at block fertilizers & chemicals. Timely and balanced doses of inputs. 4. Increased incidence of IWM, IPM, adoption of suitable of agro-practices & crop/ and developing varieties selection. resistance in weeds & insects-pests. 5. Non-availablility of More responsive administrative machinery. quality planting materials 6. Marketing of Barrier free, transparent and broad based marketing agriculture product network with modern amenities, well developed agro- processing facilities with strong linkages of farmers- producer. Legislative support for contract farming & related measures. 7. Post harvest handling Technical, financial, storage and value addition facilities at farm/.local level need to be strengthened.

K. FARM MECHANIZATION Farm mechanization is a critical component concerning not only cost effective and timely completion of different farm operations but also encompssing the issues of farm level storage, processing and value addition. Mechanization influences farm efficiency, profitability and sustainability too. Farmers and extension personnel are needed to be continually exposed to the new technological innovations in different kinds of farm related machinaries and implements. Farmers` needs and requirements are to be taken into consideration while devising new/modified machenary/implements as per changing farm, manpower and market demands. Strategies issues involving farm machenization.  Contineous assessment of farm/farmers needs as per changing farm / market situation.  Educating farmers on use and handling of different farm machinary and implements.  Feed back on working and handling of old and new farm machenary for alteration / modification for increased efficiency / adoptability at local level.  Conducting demonstrations, field days and other extension activities for popularizing spesific farm machenary / implements at local level for increased farm efficiency and profitability.  Specific demonstrations / field trials on power tiller, drill, Bed planter, Potato ridger, hand hoe, Mould board plough and other related machenary / implements for timely operations resource conservation.  Popularization of modern storage, post harvest handling and velue addition, machenary and technology for enhancing farm income and employment generation as per market needs. a. MARKETING & MEDIA STRETAGY Efficient marketing is the key to the overall development of the farm sector. Marketing sector is a bit neglected by the farmers as well as by the Government, however, a change in the perception can go a long way keeping in view the changing agro-economic situation of todays agriculture. With increasing cost of production, farmer finds himself at a loss due to lack of market orientation. Our unplanned agriculture production is becoming a problem without proper market awareness of the farmers. Now farmers have to cater to the national/ international market which is not possible without farmer’s education about modern day marketing needs and practices. There is a need of unbdertaking exposure visits of farmers to different markets to understand marketing process as per the market demand. Encouraging SHGs to create market facilities, opening agri-business centres and agri-clinics in villages may help the farmers in these direction.The regular cycles of glut and scarcity of one or the other agri-commodity can effectively be taken care of through efficient and effective marketing system which is lacking our state and country as well.

Processing, proper storage, efficient transportation and market intelligence are needed for efficient marketing.. At this crucial time farmers need to know answer to question like what to produce, when to produce, how much to produce, how to sell, where to sell at what price.

Marketing strategies  Establishment of e-marketing facilities with modern networking.  Establishing backward and forward linkages of the farmers with input dealers, service providers and processors.  Establishing chain of godowns, cold storage and other related infrastructures with barrier free movement of agri-produce.  Farmers’ exposure visits.  Conducting proper training regarding safe packing and value addition and storage.  Encourage Agri-clinic & Agri-business centers to provide single window service in respect to input supply, technical know-how & market information.  Linkage between rural produces and urban consumers through positive approach.  To trained the farmers through Training and demonstration by involving experts regarding value addition to their product.  Conducting market surveys and market intelligence services to farmers.  Encourage buy back arrangement/contract farming for farm produce with processors.  Establishment of SHGs to provide market facilities locally for farm produce.  Encouraging local farmers’ organizations to serve as link organization with external reputed market organization. A.-Marketing Support And Value Addition 1. Revival of old and closed sugar mills with farmers management 2. Promoting private entrepreneurship to establish sugarcane based industries (organic gur making.)-HRD component 3. Promoting private entrepreneurship for maize based industries for cattle and poultry feed and other value added products.- Research and HRD component 4. Promotion of Kisan Ki Mandi. –Tech. Know-how, Publicity, Contingency and Dovetailing with District Administration for cost sharing & facilitation. -Five centres 5. Promotion of Commodity Cooperative Marketing.- Capacity building

6. Promotion of Rural godowns and cold chambers.- Dovetailing with Govt. departments. 7. Strengthening of FCI network, PACS and State Agril. Marketing Board outlets.- Dovetailing with Govt. 8. Networking with COMFED (Sudha brand) outlets for marketing mushroom, honey etc. 9. Popularizing very fine rice varieties along with milling, processing and marketing. HRD, Exposure visit and forward linkage. 10. Intensification of organic vegetables production. HRD, Exposure visit and forward linkage. 11. Frequent market surveys for consumer preference to tailor demand-linked production.(Market study & participatory technology development) 12. Strengthening market information through IT and FIAC.(Internet connectivity& hiring IT facilitators) 13. Develop and establish market information network from block, district, state, national to international levels.(Through FIAC) 15. Studying the present market information network prevailing in the district along with the gaps. 16. Establishing the need for improvement through information technology network. Finding out the commodities, market where information network is necessary (Through FIAC). 17. Developing an information technology network at various levels. 18. Developing an operational mechanism (For establishing net work of FIAC with ATMA ). 19. Technical and managerial support to FIAC and BTTs 20. Studying the present status of dissemination of market information by different organizations through various media. 21. Exploring possibility of news media-FM radio station (Hiring air time ) 22. Integrating of various media sources through developing mechanism to be operationalized and monitored (Net working). 23. Exploiting possibility of news media like print internet, etc. 24. Identifying and studying of the existing farmers organizations. 25. Identification of success stories. 26. Identifying the farmers /farming community along with communities with a possibility of promoting market oriented organization, at various level.

27. Arranging exposure visits training etc. 28. Providing techno-managerial support. 29. Developing and operationalising a monitoring mechanism (Convergence allowance) 30. Identifying and studying activities of various organizations engaged in marketing operation along with commodities handled. 31. Finding out the need for marketing the commodities by farmers/farming community. 32. Providing technical and managerial support. 33. Exploring options for contract farming in medicinal and aromatic plants and vegetables 34. Creation of Export promotion zone for fine scented basmati rice (Through linkage). 35. Promotion of Commodity Interest Groups in major commodities. 1. Formation of CIG through awareness and training 2. Survey /study/consultancy to establish viable processing units. 36. Assessment of export oriented marketable commodity by engaging marketing consultants /agencies for forecasting the production and local consumption statistics for Patna district.

Media Strategies:

 Providing information to farmers on market avenues, market trend, prevailing market prices and other relevant information periodically through TV, Radio, Kisan call centers & News paper.  Under the Support to State for Extension Reforms Programme all the Block level Farm Information and Advisory Centres in the district would be electronically linked to district, state and national institutions. Central Govt. would support states in the use of electronic linkages and computerization so that marketing, research, extension and farming communities are linked to each other, and into local, national and global networks. The objective is to link all blocks of the district with national and international networks in a phased manner.

 This would include ATMA newsletter, success stories in film and electronic form, technical messages in electronic form and on electronic media, electronic access to all stake holder, through NICNET, and video conferencing facilities being established at DM’s Conference Hall, electronic mail access to ICAR institutes and researches from Rajendra Agricultural

University, Bihar along with state and national administrative offices, and electronic access to ARIS system databases and, eventually, to the World Wide Web.

N. HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT

Through a systematic skill gap analysis compulsory training and skill upgradation of all extension functionaries will be ensured by conducting “ DACUM’ methodology. Using resources of all training institutes viz. BAMETI, MANAGE and other centres of excellence a bank of trainer would be developed for ATMA from among the BTT and District Core Team. Human resources development is vital component for the success of any projects for effective implementation of the projects as well as for its sustainability all the stakeholders including extension functions of agricultural and allied department, NGOs private extension workers, inputs handling agencies are required to be trained various aspects relating to their roles & responsibilities. Training would be centered on Group Dynamics, record keeping, accountancy, financial management of savings and credit, identification of group business activities, and on imparting technical skill to under take value added ventures for the promotion of farmers integration with Agri-business. Table 8.4 gives the strategies to institutionalize the HRD component.

Sl. No. Strategy / Intensification (Relevant to All AES) 1. Increasing techno-managerial capacity of farming community on Farming System approach. 2. Acquaintance to gap in technical, managerial and organizational aspects. 3. Training on importance of follow-up action and feedback. 4. Organizing training to extension personnel on participatory research, extension techniques, behavioral science and inter personal skills etc. 5. Training to extension personnel in training needs assessment (TNA). 6. Regular interface between GB, FAC, NGOs’ with BTT FIGs, CIGs’ and Research Scientists. 7. Training on IT and Cyber extension. 8. Skill upgradation training for grass root level workers. 9. Specialized training course for NGOs’, farmers, farmwomen and Para-technicians. 10. Exposure visits of public and private extension workers including FIGs’.

11. Organizing need based training programme for extension functionaries of line departments, NGOs’, service providers and Para-technicians.

Promotion of NGOs’ and Private Organizations’ Strength of NGOs’ in mobilizing communities into farmer organization FOs’/ FIGs/Market Associations can be effectively utilized. As such NGOs’ complement the public extension effort in several centrally sponsored programmes. Also extension services are contracted out and out-sourced to NGOs’ at the block level. In such case the NGOs’ substitute for public extension. ATMA funds will be utilized to support NGOs’. A systematic training, capacity building and technical back stopping mechanism, would be supported through ATMA funds to provide extension services. There is a great demand particularly for medicinal and aromatic, fruit, and flower plants in the district. To meet this enhanced demand a Resource Centre-cum- Gene Bank is being proposed to be set up in collaboration with NGO partners. This NGO has a very good track record in promoting these enterprises.

Empowerment of Farmwomen and Ensuring SRM Farmwomen contribute significantly to agriculture production, livestock production and household food security in the district. Their skills can be improved to reduce drudgery and to improve the quality of work through need based training. Women farmers could be involved in the decision making process in NRM. Entrepreneurship development can also be introduced among them. They can be involved in special production activities including post-production activities to avoid physical strain, labour, time and to improve the quality of work and value. Formation of women groups in the concept of SHG or FIG is also considered essential for farmwomen.

Sr. Strategy Cadre/ of Topic of Trainings Name of the No. Participants Institute For training AGRICULTURE

-Concept of Farm/crop Officers Farmers Farm/Crop SAU/KVK Diversification/ Organic Diversification/Scientifi farming c methods of composting -Farming system approach -do- -do- FS-approach -do- -Natural resource -do- -do- Conservation of natural management resources -do- -INM & IPM -do- -do- Integrated approach with minimizing -do- -Marketing strategy dependency on chemicals -do- -do- Market awareness, techniques and -do- opportunities, E- -Farm finance marketing, contract farming, backward and forward linkages -do- -do- Concept, need, source -do- and repayment. ANIMAL HUSBANDRY -Breed improvement of -do- -do- Breed improvement SAU/KVK/ milch animals techniques and -Disease management in -do- -do- management practices -do- animals Disease management -Round the year -do- -do- techniques SAU/KVK availability of green Fodder cultivation fodder -Tackling mineral -do- -do- Adoption of modern -do- deficiency and fertility management practices problems in cattle -do- -do- Modern techniques of -do- -Processing and processing and

marketing of dairy and marketing animal products HORTICULTURE -Crop diversification -do- -do- Crop diversification SAU/KVK -Farming system -do- -do- Farming system -do- approach approach -do- -do- Modern techniques of -do- -Off season vegetable cultivation cultivation -do- -do- -do- -do- -Cultivation of high value/exotic vegetables -do- -do- Integrated approach -do- -INM & IPM in towards nutrient and horticultural crops insect-pest management Use of low cost -do- -do- polyhouse for nursery -do- -Promotion of protected and general cultivation cultivation (low cost polyhuse) On laws, by laws and -do- principles of organic -do- -do- farming -Contract farming and -do- organic vegetable cultivation Modern techniques of processing and -Value addition, post -do- -do- packaging -do- harvest and processing Market surveys, of horticultural crop assessing needs and produce -do- -do- requirements of distant -do- and near by consumers -Exploration of market needs and strategies for market oriented

vegetable production and processing MUSHROOM -Promotion strategies -do- -do- Production, processing SAU/KVK for Production, and marketing processing and techniques marketing of button and oyster mushroom

O. FARMERS ORGANIZATION

Group approach is the corner stone of the restructured extension mechanism. A major component of extension services will be the mobilization of the community into farmers group-FIG’s, FO’s and SHG’s. Farmers’ Organization will be linked with Panchayat through existing statutory institutional arrangements. FO’s will be supported directly through public funds and will be involved in the planning; implementation, monitoring and feedback of programme. FO’s at the village level would be federated at higher levels. Representative of FO’s would be members of decision making bodies such as ATMA’s Block-level Farmers’ Advisory Committee (FAC), Commodity Associations (CO’s) . the ultimate aim is for FO’s to internalize extension services for its members and provide backward (inputs, credit, technology) and forward linkages (post-harvest facilities, markets, value addition) in a vertically integrated arrangement. Under the new dispensation there would be paradigm shift from top down blanket dissemination of technological packages, towards providing producers with the knowledge and understanding to solve their own location specific problems. FIGs’ will first generate a demand for information, technology and management techniques, the extensionist would then respond to group demand rather than disseminating routine messages. A summary statement of strategies under each group for specific agro-ecological situation is given in Table-8.5 below.

Promotion of Community Organizations

Sl. Strategy / Intensification (Relevant to All AES) No. 1. Organization of farmer Groups for new commodities to be produced through diversification of farming system.

2. Organization of commodity oriented groups for milk, egg, vegetables, fruits, mushroom, honey, etc. for better access to information, technology, inputs and markets. 3. Organization of woman SHGs’ for NRM and sustainable livelihood options. 4. Organization of user groups for Afforestation and avenue plantations. 5. Empowerment of existing SHGs’ and WIGs’ in the district through partnership with NGOs’. 6. Seed village concept through FIGs’ in all cereals, pulses, fodder crops, nursery of various horticultural crops. 7. Promotion of FIGs’ for fingerling production and value addition in dairy products. 8. Promotion of CIGs’ for export oriented marketing of fruits and exotic vegetables.

P. PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP S. Strategic issues Activities Strategies No. 1. Upgradation of soil health Collection of soil and water Training. samples Awareness. Soil testing labs 2. Capacity building of Training/awareness camps. Promoting funds and farmer/extension worker literature. 3. Popularization of organic Demonstration Organizing field days and farming technologies training. 4. Creating awareness about Exposure visits. environment and natural Establishing information flora and fauna. centres and processing unit Provision of funds. for value addition. 5. Marketing and value Establishing information and addition of surplus intelligence centres. horticultural commodities. 6. Women empowerment Formation of Interest groups. Awareness camps exploring marketing opportunities. 7. Awareness about nutritional Formation of FIGs. Awareness camps and food security exploring marketing

opportunities. 8. Seed production Motivate of farmers for Training awareness. quality seed production. - Seed village concept Q. Sustainability of the Project.

Generally, provision of extension service given by the government, state agriculture university ,non governmental organization and private companies under one umbrella to avoid multiplicity and contradictory messages reaching the farmers. Most of the projects do not sustain after the project when the funds are withdrawn. Cost sharing by the farmers and building a Revolving fund by ATMA will be ensured for project sustainability after the fund flow is withdrawn. At least there are some willing farmers who can pay for cost of inputs and services for building up such a revolving funds.

Sustainability of Project and Extension System

S.No. Strategy / Intensification (Relevant to All AES) Sustainability of Project 1 Realistic cost recovery for agro-services offered by ATMA. 2 Cost sharing by farmers on sustainable issues like soil and water conservation and NRM. 3 Building up revolving fund by collecting cost for supply of inputs like bio- fertilizer, planting material, AI, and soil testing. 3 Opening Agri-clinics and providing consultancy on payment.

Sustainability of Extension System

1.Linkages of extension services provided by Govt,/ RAU/ NGOs’ and Private companies to improve quality of message and avoid multiplicity. 1 Identification of different extension agencies their activities and area of operation. 2 Development of common understanding regarding approach methodology and delivery of content. 3 Providing technical support wherever necessary 4 Arranging interface of these organization with farmers Advisory Committees (FAC)

5 Developing final modalities and monitoring mechanism by management committee and governing board of ATMA. 6 Arrangement of refresher courses for these agencies to display latest technology. 2.Establishing of strong linkage between research extension farmers and services providing agencies. 1 Finding out different operators in the field of research and support services and their ongoing activities. 2 Finding out the demand of the farmers from above agencies and existing gap if any. 3 Developing and establishing mutually agreed linkage mechanism. 4 Development and operationalising monitoring and evaluation mechanism. 5 Creating friendly atmosphere among research and extension workers and farming community. 3. To involve farming community to decision making and delivering mechanism in agriculture extension. 1 Studying the present process and level of the involvement of the farming community. 2 Studying the status and activities of different farmers organization working in agriculture extension. 3 Identity needs and mechanism of farmers representing at various level through farmers organization based on activities and commodities. 4 Developing and operating a mechanism for adequate representation of women. Development and operationalising monitoring mechanism. 4. Handling over the extension system of the farming community in the long run so as to operate an extension system. 1 Find out and study the farmers organizations engaged in extension services. 2 Identifying farmers organization ready to take over the responsibility of extension Arranging exposure visits ,training ,technical and managerial support. 3 Developing Memorandum Of Understanding (MOU) for sharing responsibility between farmers organization and public extension system. 4 Developing a monitoring and evaluation mechanism. 5. Encouraging farmers to share the cost of critical extension services and inputs to reduce the burden on public extension.

1 Identifying the present system of sharing the cost of services provided by various organizations. 2 Developing a mutually agreed mechanism of cost sharing for extension services and critical inputs Separately for commercial and non-commercial purposes. 6.To review and redesign ongoing research and development programmes in tune with the farming community. 1 Establishing the need of farming community in terms of research extension and development. 2 Studying the ongoing research and development programmes 3 Dovetailing ongoing development programmes with needs of farmers. 4 Modify the component of ongoing programmes wherever necessary. 7. Documentation of the process so as to replicate in future. 1 Finding out the activities and Areas of Excellence to be documented for wider replication. 2 Identifying the success stories in different areas and analyzing them. 3 Documentation the process so as to replicate the same. 4 Providing technical support wherever necessary. 8. Creation of a bank of resource persons for HRD and Capacity building 1 Making inventory of available resource persons /experts especially retired from different fields both locally and from outside the district. 2 Orientation of the resource persons about NATP project objectives. 2 Inviting them to register with ATMA ,Patna for future assignments. 3 Modalities for honorarium to be worked jointly with BAMETI and MANAGE.

Sustainability of Support Services

S.No. Strategy / Intensification (Relevant to All AES) Sustainability of Support Services 1 Increase mobility of research and extension functionaries towards effective implementation of the project 2 Assessing the need and finalizing norms and modalities for mobility support to different level of functionaries and motivating them for higher responsibility. 3 Improve performance of research and extension functionaries by provision of operational facilities at different levels.

4 Identification of area and type of required support at various levels. 5 Providing support within the budget and within world Bank procurement and reimbursement procedures.

R. Dovetailing Ongoing Schemes through ATMA

Dovetailing Ongoing Schemes Through ATMA

Strategy /Intervention Department Dovetailing of Ongoing Schemes 1. Empowering ATMA to seek a. District Rural Development - Watershed Management additional funds from different Agency (DRDA) Scheme. ongoing Govt. schemes. - Swarna Jayanti Gram Swarojgar Yojana (SGSY)- NAREGA - Gramin Awas Yojana -Million Shallow Tube well Programme

ICDP NPRI

b. Cooperative Department c. NABARD d. Industries Department e. Fisheries Department g. COMFED

2.Involving Block Technical a. Identification of components team(BTT) in planning and of different schemes to implementation of all ongoing different blocks. schemes. b. Request by ATMA for placement of funds with BTT for implementation of schemes. 3.Increasing the efficiency of a. Providing loan for purchase extension workers by providing of two-wheelers by Govt. on mobility support. priority basis to BTT members. b. Provision for convergence allowance to field functionaries by ATMA. Integration of Govt., Public, Private and NGO’s sector programs while making them farmer driven. 4. All development programmes to ATMA and other line ATMA Management be reviewed for provision of departments Committee and ATMA extension support while preparing Governing Board to Annual/Seasonal action plans. ensure. 5. Orientation of all non-government ATMA and other line ATMA Management organization, private and public departments Committee and ATMA sector units to NATP concept and Governing Board to approach. ensure.

CHAPTER VII

Research Strategies

The stereotyped concept of the channels of communication between research, extension and farmers is that the extension worker communicates research findings to the farmers and transmit latter problem to the research that then incorporates these problems in to their work programme. This make the research worker effectively insulated form direct contact with farmers. Even if research projects are highly relevant and a package of advice is objectively appropriate they can still be rejected by unfocussed groups leaving research and extension personnel disillusioned .The participation of farmers in research and extension programme, which includes formulation of policies and requirement planning as well as implementation is therefore of great importance. Technology can be generated by research and by innovative farmers and others. Once a technology has been identified as being promising by focused group, it needs testing to make sure that it is suitable for the situation in which it is likely to be used, If it passes this test it, then becomes proven technology which can be advocated with confidence through extension work. The elements in the transfer of technology would be as follows. Research Strategies for Agricultural production System

Sl.No. Production System Agriculture Production System 1 INM in rice wheat based cropping system 2 IPM in vegetable based cropping systems 3 Inclusion of low water requiring crop/crop rotation for rainfed areas 4 Micro-nutrients scheduling for irrigated Rice-Wheat system 5 Soil organic matter studies with green manuring to keep healthy balance of organic carbon in soil 6 Studies to revitalize old orchard on commercial lines. 7 Studies to increase keeping quality of local mango race and other surplus vegetable crops. 8 Studies on drying up Seshum plants. 9 Successful introduction of medicinal & aromatic plants, mushroom and Floriculture. 10 Screenings of oilseed like mustard-toria & castor, which has potential in the district.

11 Validation of indigenous technical knowledge. 12 To study the feasibility of Agri-horticulture & horti-pasture system in old & news orchard.

Research Strategies for Animal Husbandry Production System.

Sl. Animal Production System No. 1. Studies and delineation of F.M.D prone area in the district. 2 Studies on Dangnala disease of cattle. 3 Studies on Crossbred cow infertility. 4 Study of suitability of different fodder crops on agri-situation basis. 5 Studies on demand and supply of animal products for marketing status improvement. 6 Economic study of each animal enterprise under different situation of the district. 7 Studies on nutritious animal and poultry feed production from locally available material as health supplement. 8 Studies on development of alternatives against high use of Oxytocin.

Research Strategies for Fish Production System. Sl. Fish Production System No. 1 Studies on development of riverine fish culture technique. 2 Studies on exotic carp suffering from diseases. 3 Studies on low cost fish feed production technique from locally available resources.

Research Strategies for Plantations Sl. Plantation Production System No. 1 Study for checking the wilting type of death of Seshum trees. 2 Screening of multipurpose trees for fodder & fuel purpose 3 Screening of tree species for afforestation and biomass production.

Long term issues for research

1. Development of varieties resistant to biotic and a biotic stress for field and horticultural crops. 2. Standardization of agro techniques of organic farming specific to crop and area. 3. Development of high yielding, disease and insect–pest resistant varieties of vegetable crops, oil seeds and cereals suited to the area. 4. Refinement of package of practices for vegetables for market needs instead of enhanced production/yield. 5. Breed improvement in cattle.

Long term research issues are referred to SAU/ ICAR.

CHAPTER-VIII

A. ACTIVITY SCHEDULE OF EXTENSION STRATEGIES

Diversification & Intensification in existing farming system AGRICULTURE PRODUCTION SYSTEM Strategy Proposed activity Overcoming technological gaps in 1. Educating the farmers through mass media. crops such as: 2. Organizing training program in technological Paddy, Sugarcane gap identified. Arhar 3. Organizing demonstration & exposure visits. 4. Organizing field days. 5. Linkage of farmers with credits Institution & marketing system. 6. Training on agro processing value addition technology.. Decentralization of producing seeds 1. Identification of village & FIGs willing to under the concept seed village produce seeds & market the seeds at their own scheme level. 2. Training & target farmers on seed production technology on standard certification. 3. Exposure visit to farmers to successful fields. 4. Organizing Field days. 5. Processing & certification Value addition & agro processing in 1. Organizing training program on agro Paddy, Arhar & Mushrooms. processing & value added products. 2. Facilitate linkage with supply & machinery credit and marketing. Farm mechanization are timely & 1. Organizing awareness campaign on farm active agriculture operation mechanization. 2. Organizing demonstration & training on farm mechanization. 3. Identification of agro FSC for dealing with

farm machinery 4. Linkage with on going schemes for subsidized rate of agriculture farm machineries. 5. Farmers group formation for financing. Rewards for farmers 1. Rewards & incentives Others 1. Conducting exhibition. 2. Advertise through mass media. 3. Electronic media dissemination. ANIMAL HUSBANDRY & VETERINARY SERVICE Strategy Proposed activity Providing Jersey/HF semen Inseminating Jersey/HF & local cow with jersey semen. Up gradation of Murrah Breed Providing AI facilities at farmers door Ram Providing Bannur & UAS Rams Scientific sperm centre - To make available diagnostic facilities at Block level diagnostic labs. block level. Balanced fodder and feed feeding Providing leguminous seed for farmers. Good cold chain maintenance for Providing refrigerator to all Vety. vaccination. Institutions. Good propaganda Providing laminated program chart to all farmer. Providing training program & field visit to farmers

Providing extension kits to all dispensaries. To follow scientific management Conducting cattle shows & milking competition for cows & buffaloes. HORTICULTURE Strategy Proposed activity Adoption of line sowing & maintenance of plant population in different vegetables crop. Demonstration

Selection of disease free suckers or tissue culture plants. Trainings Adoption of drip method of irrigation. Training Adoption of IPM Training

FISHERIES SERVICE Strategy Proposed activity Establishment of Chinese fish hatcheries To improve seed variety To develop water logged & saline land Integrated fisheries area.

Chapter IX

ACTIVITY SCHEDULE OF RESEARCH STRATEGIES

AGRICULTURE

Strategy Proposed activity Educate farmers Farmers –scientist Interaction, FLDs, Field days/Training, Kisan gosthies. Create awareness On Farm Trials

Adaptive research trials. Revalidation & Refinement of farm Technology for On-farm trials different crops as per local needs

ANIMAL HUSBANDRY & VETERINARY SERVICE Strategy Proposed activity Educate farmers AI / Infertility camps. Awareness of Intensive spray camps / campaign to control of parasitizm. farmers Farmers` Deworming & management camps. awareness

HORTICULTURE Strategy Proposed activity Educate farmers Farmers-Scientists interation on IPM & IPM Create awareness On farm Trials on S.T. Kisan Gosthies. Create awareness On Farm Trials on intercropping. FISHERIES SERVICE Strategy Proposed activity Educate farmers Farmers-Scientists & FLDs

Chapter-X

BASE LINE DATA & VISION BASE LINE DATA IN RESPECT OF INTERVENTION LIKELY TO BE CARRIED OUT AGRICULTURE Base line data Achievement by the end of project period Area in Productivity Area Productivity ha. Kgs./bales/ha. Kgs./bales/ha Commodity in ha. Intervention

ANIMAL HUSBANDRY

FISHERIES

MARKETING

VALUE ADDITION & POST HARVEST MANAGEMENT.

Value added products- Wheat porridge, pickels, Through trainings of individuals & SHGs. chutney, papad drinks name of the product Chillies & snacks etc. Linkages of farmers with marketing & financing institutions/organizations. Carrot & other veg. and crops,.

Proper storage & pest management of Construction of pacca Trainings, demonstrations & educating different farm commodities. storage & proper farmers on institutional storage & Field crops fumigation financial facilities. Post harvest treatment- Post harvest Linkages between farmers, processors units/processing & financing agencies Washing, grading, waxing, cooling, units- 10 packaging & transporting etc.- - Commodity wise facilities created.

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