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GEOGRAPHY OF NITRATE AND SULFATE ATMOSPHERIC WET DEPOSITION IN THE SOUTHERN ROCKY MOUNTAINS by IVAN GUILLERMO VALLES B.S., Colorado State University—Pueblo, 2005 A thesis submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the University of Colorado Colorado Springs in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Department of Geography and Environmental Studies 2018 © 2018 IVAN GUILLERMO VALLES ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii This thesis for the Master of Arts degree by Ivan Guillermo Valles has been approved for the Department of Geography of Environmental Studies by Curtis D. Holder, Chair Steve Jennings Brandon Vogt Date January 27, 2018 iii Valles, Ivan Guillermo (M.A., Applied Geography) Geography of Nitrate and Sulfate Atmospheric Wet Deposition in the Southern Rocky Mountains Thesis directed by Professor Curtis Holder. ABSTRACT Data from the National Atmospheric Deposition Program’s National Trends Network, the United States Geological Survey’s Rocky Mountain Regional Snowpack Chemistry Program and the United States Environmental Protection Agency’s Air Markets Program were analyzed to identify spatial relationships amongst atmospheric wet deposition concentrations of nitrate and sulfate. The analysis relates atmospheric wet deposition, commonly known as acid rain, to two distinct variables—as a function of elevation and also as a function of proximity to major regional electricity generating stations. This study focuses on the Southern Rocky Mountain region of the United States, and integrates depositional and emissions point-source data from Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming. Previous studies have identified wide-ranging adverse effects upon terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems such as nitrogen saturation, changes in plant biodiversity, and soil nutrient cycling where atmospheric wet deposition is the suspected primary means of pollutant transport and delivery. -
San Juan Landscape Rangeland Environmental Assessment, March
United States Department of Agriculture Environmental Forest Service Assessment March 2009 San Juan Landscape Rangeland Assessment Ouray Ranger District and Gunnison Ranger District Grand Mesa, Uncompahgre, and Gunnison National Forests Ouray, Gunnison, Hinsdale Counties, Colorado Cover photo: Box Factory Park courtesy of Barry Johnston The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, and where applicable, sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion, sexual orientation, genetic information, political beliefs, reprisal, or because all or part of an individuals income is derived from any public assistance program. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA's TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write to USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, DC 20250-9410, or call (800) 795-3272 (voice) or (202) 720-6382 (TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. Environmental Assessment San Juan Landscape Rangeland Assessment San Juan Landscape Rangeland Assessment Environmental Assessment Ouray, Gunnison, Hinsdale Counties, Colorado Lead Agency: USDA Forest Service Grand Mesa, Uncompahgre and Gunnison National Forests Responsible Officials: Tamera -
CODOS – Colorado Dust-On-Snow – WY 2009 Update #1, February 15, 2009
CODOS – Colorado Dust-on-Snow – WY 2009 Update #1, February 15, 2009 Greetings from Silverton, Colorado on the 3-year anniversary of the February 15, 2006 dust-on-snow event that played such a pivotal role in the early and intense snowmelt runoff of Spring 2006. This CODOS Update will kick off the Water Year 2009 series of Updates and Alerts designed to keep you apprised of dust- on-snow conditions in the Colorado mountains. We welcome two new CODOS program participants – Northern Colorado Water Conservation District and Animas-LaPlata Water Conservancy District – to our list of past and ongoing supporters – Colorado River Water Conservation District, Southwestern Water Conservation District, Rio Grande Water Conservation District, Upper Gunnison River Water Conservancy District, Tri-County Water Conservancy District, Denver Water, and Western Water Assessment-CIRES. This season we will issue “Updates” to inform you about observed dust layers in your watersheds, and how they are likely to influence snowmelt timing and rates in the near term, given the National Weather Service’s 7-10 forecast. We will also issue “Alerts” to give you a timely “heads up” about either an imminent or actual dust-on-snow deposition event in progress. Several other key organizations monitoring and forecasting weather, snowpack, and streamflows on your behalf will also receive these products, as a courtesy. As you may know, some Colorado ranges already have a significant dust layer within the snowpack. The photo below taken at our Swamp Angel Study Plot near Red Mountain Pass on January 1 shows, very distinctly, a significant dust layer deposited on December 13, 2008, now deeply buried under 1 meter of snow. -
Hinsdale County Hazard Mitigation Plan 2019 Update
Hinsdale County Hazard Mitigation Plan 2019 Update November 2019 Hinsdale County Hazard Mitigation Plan 2019 Update November 2019 Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION 1 - INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................ 1-1 1.1 Purpose .................................................................................................................................................................................... 1-1 1.2 Background and Scope ...................................................................................................................................................... 1-1 1.3 Multi-Jurisdictional Planning ........................................................................................................................................... 1-2 1.4 Plan Organization ................................................................................................................................................................. 1-2 SECTION 2 – COMMUNITY PROFILE ................................................................................................................................... 2-1 2.1 Geography and Climate ..................................................................................................................................................... 2-1 2.2 History ..................................................................................................................................................................................... -
Vacation Guide Www
»Near Wolf Creek Ski Area Vacation Guide www. southfork If you come to a fork in the road... .org take both 1 2 | www.southfork.org 3 South Fork, CO South Fork provides visitors with abundant all-season activities from hunting and fishing to skiing, golf, horseback riding and wildlife viewing. Surrounded by nearly 2 million acres of national forest, limitless historical, cultural and recreational activities await visitors. Lodging is available in cabins, motels, RV parks and campgrounds. Our community also offers a unique restaurant selection, eclectic shops and galleries, and plenty of sporting and recreation suppliers. Breathtaking scenery and family- oriented adventure will captivate and draw you back, year after year. Winter brings the “most snow in Colorado” to Wolf Creek Ski Area. Snowmobilers, cross country skiers and snowshoers will find 255 miles of A Visitor’s Guidepost winter recreation trails, plus plenty of room to play. The area also offers ice Although South Fork’s official fishing, skating and sleigh rides. birthday was in 1992, the actual town itself has been around a long Spring/Summer showcases South time, with roots in the railroad and Fork as a base camp for a multitude of logging industries dating back to outdoor activities, events, sightseeing, the Denver & Rio Grande Railroad history, culture, and relaxation. in 1882--but the town didn’t Fall sees nature explode into color, as actually annex until 1992. Located the dark green forest becomes splashed at the junction of Hwy 160 & Hwy with shades of yellow, red, and orange. 149 on the edge of the San Luis Hunters will delight in the crossroads Valley, South Fork is the starting of three hunting units that boast an point and gateway to the Silver abundance of trophy elk and deer. -
Aerial Signatures of Forest Damage in Colorado and Adjoining States
Aerial Signatures of Forest Damage in Colorado and Adjoining States William M. Ciesla, S. Sky Stephens, Brian E. Howell and Justin C. Backsen Aerial Signatures of Forest Damage in Colorado and Adjoining States William M. Ciesla, S. Sky Stephens, Brian E. Howell and Justin C. Backsen April 2015 For additional copies of this publication, contact: Colorado State Forest Service Colorado State University 5060 Campus Delivery Fort Collins, CO 80523 970.491.6303 i Authors William M. Ciesla is owner of Forest Health Management International (FHMI), Fort Collins, Colo., and has been involved with aerial forest health surveys since 1959. He has conducted these surveys under contract to the Colorado State Forest Service since 2004. S. Sky Stephens was forest entomologist with the Colorado State Forest Service from 2009-2013, and is presently forest entomologist with the USDA Forest Service, Forest Health Protection, Rocky Mountain Region, Lakewood, Colo. She conducts aerial survey missions in the Region. Brian E. Howell is aerial survey program manager for the USDA Forest Service, Forest Health Protection in the Rocky Mountain Region, and has been conducting aerial survey missions in the Region since 2004. Justin C. Backsen is a forestry technician with the USDA Forest Service, Forest Health Protection in the Rocky Mountain Region, and conducts aerial survey missions throughout the Region. Aerial Signatures of Forest Damage in Colorado and Adjoining States ii Preface “Aerial Signatures of Forest Damage in Colorado and Adjoining States” is a revision and update of the USDA Forest Service, Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team (FHTET), publication FHTET-01-06 “Aerial Signatures of Forest Insect and Disease Damage in the Western United States” (Ciesla 2006). -
Papilio Series) 2006
(NEW April 28 PAPILIO SERIES) 2006 TAXONOMIC STUDIES AND NEW TAXA OF NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES by James A. Scott (also editor), Michael S. Fisher, Norbert G. Kondla, Steve Kohler, Crispin S. Guppy, Stephen M. Spomer, and B. Chris Schmidt Abstract. New diversity is reported and discussed among North American butterflies. Several dozen new taxa are named. A new "sibling" species has been found to occur throughout the Rocky Mts., introducing a new butterfly species to most states in western U.S. and to southern Alberta and BC. Several taxa of Colias, Euphydryas, Lycaena, and Plebejus are raised to species status. Many nam.e changes are made, and many taxa are switched between species to create several dozen new combinations. The relevance of species concepts to difficult groups of butterflies is explored. Introduction This paper consists of miscellaneous taxonomic studies on North American butterflies, some in the northeast, but mostly in the west. Most of the diversity of butterfly fauna in North America is in the western mountainous areas, where the human population is lower, so it has taken longer to study western butterflies, and a lot more study is needed. We have made new findings on many wes.tern butterflies, and this progress is reported below. And Scott recently moved his collection out of old dermestid-infested drawers into fine very-tight ones that those beetles cannot enter, and in the process of resorting them found a dozen unnamed subspecies, which are named below. As we study our butterflies and learn more and more about them, a disturbing pattern has emerged. -
The Colorado Trail Foundation Fall Newsletter 1999
The Colorado Trail Foundation Fall Newsletter 1999 An Event to Be Remembered! President’s by Gudy Gaskill Corner The 25th Anniversary Celebration at Mount Vernon Country Club was a gala event, packed with old acquaintances in their by George Miller best bib and tucker, with happy faces and great anticipation for seeing items on display that have never before been viewed by Summer Trail Crews the public, for learning unknown facts about the CT, and for revisiting the historic years that saw The Colorado Trail to its With signs of fall in the air and fruition. There were new videos, a host of panel displays, walls the changing of the aspens, we covered with honors and awards, and photo displays of times, can look back with appreciation crews, and famous faces. The whole Colorado Trail was shown on the accomplishments of the on a colorful series of maps, with a paneled and descriptive summer trail season. We had a legend. The CT was even traced on a relief map, winding its total of 13 crews in the field way over mountain passes and along valley floors. It was truly a doing maintenance and rerout- historic display. Neither these displays nor the anniversary ing. One of our important celebration could have been possible without the help of a great accomplishments was to elimi- many enthusiastic and talented volunteers. Kudos to the follow- nate walking on about six miles Continued on page 3 of four-wheel-drive road in the area between Spring Creek Pass and Carson Saddle. The other projects along the trail continue to improve and keep our trail the premier long-distance hike in Colorado. -
Field Trip to Northern San Juan Volcanic Field
,- ' FIELD TRIP TO NORTHERN SAN JUAN VOLCANIC FIELD Days 2-3: Cochetopa Park, La Garita, San Luis, and Lake City calderas P.W. Lipman, for Colorado Scientific Society, Sept. 20-21, 2003 GEOLOGIC SETTING Andesitic to rhyolitic volcanic rocks of the central San Juan volcanic field, along with associated epithermal ores, have been studied intermittently since early in the twentieth century (Emmons and Larsen, 1913; Cross and Larsen, 1935; Larsen and Cross, 1956), culminating with the detailed study of the Creede mining district by Steven and Ratte (1965) and regional field and volcanological studies (Lipman and others, 1970; Steven and others, 1974; Steven and Lipman, 1976). While much had previously been learned about the evolution of several complex caldera clusters from 3 which at least 22 major ash-flow sheets (each 150-5,000 km ) were erupted at 30-26 Ma, recent mapping and other research initiated in support of the Creede Scientific Drilling Project (Bethke and Lipman, 1987; Bethke and Hay, 2000; Lipman, 2000) has provided major new insights for the regional stratigraphic sequence, duration of volcanism, eruptive processes, magmatic evolution, and regional structure in the central part of the volcanic field. In-progress studies,to be reviewed during this trip, are focusing on the enigmatic Cochetopa Park caldera and little-studied volcanic evolution of the northeasternSan Juan Mountains, where central San Juan units overlap older tuff sheets from caldera sources in the Sawatch Range farther to the northeast. Volcanism The San Juan Mountains are the largest erosional remnant of a composite volcanic field (Fig. 1) that covered much of the southern Rocky Mountains in middle Tertiary time (Steven, 1975). -
Streamflow Generation Processes and Residence Times in a Large, Mountainous Watershed in the Southern Rocky Mountains of Colorado, Usa
TITLE PAGE STREAMFLOW GENERATION PROCESSES AND RESIDENCE TIMES IN A LARGE, MOUNTAINOUS WATERSHED IN THE SOUTHERN ROCKY MOUNTAINS OF COLORADO, USA By Marty Dale Frisbee Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Doctorate of Philosophy in Earth and Environmental Science with Dissertation in Hydrology New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology Department of Earth and Environmental Science Socorro, New Mexico June 2010 DEDICATION I dedicate this dissertation to my niece, Deanna Williams. In March 2006, I was doing field work in Colorado for this dissertation when I received the call that she had passed away. I miss her greatly. I also dedicate this dissertation to my grandfather, Lester Frisbee. He taught me the value of streams and mountains. E “The mountains were his masters. They rimmed in life. They were the cup of reality, beyond growth, beyond struggle and death. They were his absolute unity in the midst of eternal change.” Thomas Wolfe Look Homeward, Angel ABSTRACT Streamflow generation processes in hillslopes and small catchments less than 100 km2 have been well documented in the hydrological literature. Yet, few of these studies attempt to scale their results to larger watersheds. There are three major impediments to scaling hillslope runoff processes up to larger watershed scales. First, the characterization of streamflow generation processes in watersheds larger than 1000 km2 remains sketchy, in part due to logistical difficulties imposed by the larger watershed size. Second, hillslope processes tend to be highly complex and heterogeneous and the scaling of these processes will result in models that are also highly complex except at a much larger scale. -
The Coolest Bird: a Natural History of the Black Swift and Those Who
The Coolest Bird A Natural History of the Black Swift and Those Who Have Pursued It Rich Levad ~ 2007 ~ © 2010 American Birding Association. ~ Table of Contents ~ Foreward . .4 Acknowledgements . .6 1. Hawk Creek Falls, Colorado: A glimpse of things to come. 8 2. Semiahoo Bay, Washington: A new bird . 11 3. California’s Santa Cruz Coast: The first nest . 14 4. Johnston Canyon, Alberta: First inland nest site . 19 5. California: Charles and Enid Michaels at Yosemite . 22 6. California: Emily Smith and Berry Creek Falls . 27 7. California: Sequoia & King’s Canyon National Parks & San Jacinto Mountains . 31 8. Colorado: Niagara and Cataract Gulches . 34 9. Colorado: Al Knorr—more and more . 39 10. Arizona . 47 11. New Mexico . 53 12. Utah . 56 13. Southern California . 60 14. Northern Rocky Mountains: Montana, Idaho, Alberta . 67 15. NW Pacific Coast: British Columbia, Washington, Oregon . 73 16. Colorado post-Knorr: 1958-1996. 80 17. Colorado: Sue Hirshman and Box Canyon Falls . 87 18. Colorado 1995-1997 . 90 19. Colorado 1998 . 95 20. Colorado 1999-2000 . 102 21. Colorado: 2001-2002 . 107 22. Colorado and New Mexico 2003-2006 . 116 23. Following through in the Southern Rockies . 120 24. Recent events in the North . 125 25. The Southerners . 132 26. Today and Tomorrow . 136 Conservation Issues . 142 Bibliography . 149 3 ~ Foreword ~ y husband, Rich, was somewhat of a late comer to the hobby of bird watching; it was ducks that first lured him. He hunted them. In Colorado heavy fines can be levied for possessing certain Mspecies of ducks, so it pays to know the difference. -
RGNF Draft Record of Decision & Biological Assessment
Draft Record of Decision Village at Wolf Creek Access Project United States Department Final Environmental Impact Statement of Agriculture Forest Service USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Region Rio Grande National Forest Divide Ranger District Mineral County, Colorado United States Department of Agriculture United States Forest Service Rio Grande National Forest 1803 West Highway 160 Monte Vista, Colorado 81144 July 19, 2018 Table of Contents Number / Section Page 1.0 Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 1 2.0 Background and Location.............................................................................................................. 1 3.0 Purpose and Need .......................................................................................................................... 6 4.0 Decision ......................................................................................................................................... 7 4.1 The Decision .............................................................................................................................. 7 4.2 Selected Alternative................................................................................................................... 8 4.2.1 Best Management Practices ................................................................................................ 9 4.2.2 Monitoring .......................................................................................................................