Governance, Globalization and Public Policy

Governance, Globalization and Public Policy Governance, Globalization and Public Policy Edited by Patricia Kennett Senior Lecturer in Comparative Policy Studies, School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, UK Edward Elgar Cheltenham, UK • Northampton, MA, USA © Patricia Kennett, 2008 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical or photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior permission of the publisher. Published by Edward Elgar Publishing Limited Glensanda House Montpellier Parade Cheltenham Glos GL50 1UA UK Edward Elgar Publishing, Inc. William Pratt House 9 Dewey Court Northampton Massachusetts 01060 USA A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication Data Governance, globalization and public policy/edited by Patricia Kennett. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Policy sciences. 2. Globalization. 3. Economic policy. 4. Social policy. I. Kennett, Patricia, 1959– . H97.G69 2008 320.6—dc22 2007038605 ISBN 978 1 84542 436 7 (cased) Printed and bound in Great Britain by MPG Books Ltd, Bodmin, Cornwall Contents List of figures, tables and boxes vii List of contributors ix Acknowledgements xi PART I 1 Introduction: governance, the state and public policy in a global age 3 Patricia Kennett 2 Economism and public policy 19 Adrian Kay 3Governance, business and social policy: international and national dimensions 35 Kevin Farnsworth 4Transnational governance and national employment regulation: the primacy of competitiveness 56 Otto Holman 5Developmental states and global neoliberalism 77 Amornsak Kitthananan PART II 6 International law and human rights in the context of globalization 107 Tonia Novitz 7Poverty policy and the politics of competitiveness 131 Paul Cammack 8 Globalization, governance and health 151 Sarah Payne 9 Globalization, governance and the housing market 173 Ray Forrest 10 The rise of non-state actors in security governance 198 Elke Krahmann v vi Contents 11 Globalization, governance and the UK’s domestic ‘war on terror’ 218 Christina Pantazis and Simon Pemberton Index 245 Figures, tables and boxes FIGURE 9.1 Governance and the housing market 187 TABLES 5.1 Comparison between the market-based regulatory state and the developmental state 86 10.1 Government and governance as ideal types 200 BOX 7.1 The OECD Jobs Strategy, 1994–95 135 vii Contributors Paul Cammack is Professor and Head of the Department of Politics and Philosophy at Manchester Metropolitan University. His recent work, centred on the politics of global competitiveness, can be found on the Open Access repository at MMU (http://e-space.openrepository.com/e-space/). Kevin Farnsworth is Lecturer in Social Policy at the University of Sheffield. He has published widely on the issues of globalization, business power and influence on social and public policy. His book, entitled Corporate Power and Social Policy in a Global Context,was published by the Policy Press in 2004. Ray Forrest is Professor of Urban Studies in the School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol. He is also Associate Director of the Centre for East Asian Studies at Bristol and from 2001 to 2005 he was Co-Director of the ESRC Centre for Neighbourhood Research. He has held visiting appoint- ments at the universities of Glasgow and Hong Kong, and the City University of Hong Kong. He is a founding member of the Asia-Pacific Network of Housing Researchers. Current research interests include a project (with Dr Misa Izuhara) on Housing Assets and Intergenerational Dynamics in East Asian Societies. Otto Holman is Reader in International Relations in the Department of Political Science at the University of Amsterdam. His research focuses on the role of transnational social forces in emerging patterns of European governance, peripheral capitalism and EU enlargement, and the regional impact of core–periphery relations in Europe. He is the author of Integrating Southern Europe (1996), as well as numerous book chapters and journal articles in international political economy and European inte- gration studies. He is currently preparing a book on transformation processes in Central Europe and the European Union, and new patterns of core–periphery relations in an enlarged Union. Adrian Kay is Senior Lecturer in the Department of Politics and Public Policy, Griffith University, Australia. His latest book, The Dynamics of Public Policy: Theory and Evidence,was published by Edward Elgar in 2006. Patricia Kennett is a Senior Lecturer in Comparative Policy Studies in the School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol. Her research interests ix x Contributors include globalization, governance and institutions; citizenship and the welfare state; and social change in the contemporary city. Recent publications include an edited Special Issue of the international journal Urban Studies (2006) on the theme of ‘Cohesive Neighbourhoods and Connected Citizens in European Societies’, an edited collection entitled A Handbook of Comparative Social Policy (Edward Elgar, 2004) and an authored book entitled Comparative Social Policy: Theory and Research (OUP, 2001). Amornsak Kitthananan is a Research Fellow in the Institute of Policy Studies for Development in Bangkok. He recently completed his doctorate in policy studies from the School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol. He previously conducted policy research for the Democratic Governance Practice Team of the United Nations Development Programme Asia- Pacific Regional Centre. Elke Krahmann is Senior Lecturer in International Relations in the Department of Politics at the University of Bristol. She has published widely on international foreign and security policy, including New Threats and New Actors in International Security (Palgrave, 2005) and Multilevel Networks in European Foreign Policy (Ashgate, 2003). Tonia Novitz is a Reader in Law at the University of Bristol. She has written extensively on human rights and social policy, including a monograph on International and European Protection of the Right to Strike, published by Oxford University Press in 2003. Christina Pantazis is Senior Lecturer and Head of the Centre for the Study of Poverty and Social Justice in the School for Policy Studies at the University of Bristol. Her recent publications include Beyond Criminology: Taking Harm Seriously (edited with Paddy Hillyard, Steve Tombs and Dave Gordon – Pluto Press) and Poverty and Social Exclusion in Britain: The Millennium Survey (edited with David Gordon and Ruth Levitas – The Policy Press), published in 2004 and 2006 respectively. Sarah Payne is a Reader at the School for Policy Studies at the University of Bristol. She is Head of the Centre for Health and Social Care. Her research interests include the sex and gender influences on the health of men and women. Her most recent publication is The Health of Men and Women (2006) published by Polity. Simon Pemberton completed an ESRC Postdoctoral Fellowship in 2005 and is now a Lecturer in the School for Policy Studies at the University of Bristol. His most recent work has focused upon the discourse and produc- tion of social harm. Acknowledgements Thanks to all the authors for their contributions to this collection. Their patience, as well as their thoughtful and prompt responses to editorial com- ments, have been much appreciated. I would also like to thank the publish- ers for their support and advice throughout this project. xi PART I 1. Introduction: governance, the state and public policy in a global age Patricia Kennett INTRODUCTION Public policy is located within an increasingly complex, multiple and over- lapping network of interactions which are embedded in a transnational and subnational polity and economy. This collection is concerned with explor- ing the nature of the policy arena in the context of globalization and the reconstitution of the state. Many of the key cornerstones of public policy analysis have become problematic as processes of globalization have dis- rupted the traditional analytical and conceptual frameworks through which policymaking and implementation have been understood. The reori- entation of the role of the state, the increasing variety of terrains and actors involved in the making of public policy, and the transition from government to governance are all aspects of a changing environment, the implications of which need to be captured within contemporary analysis. It is against this backcloth that the contributors to this collection seek to broaden, extend and integrate theoretical, conceptual and substantive policy debates. This first chapter will focus particularly on the broad themes of governance and globalization and the relationship between them. It will consider various interpretations of governance, the implications for the state, and the institutions, actors and processes involved in the making and implementation of public policy. The chapter will conclude with an introduction to the structure, organization and content of the remaining contributions to the collection. THE GLOBAL CONTEXT The contested and linked concepts of globalization and governance have become firmly established in academic and political debates. There are a myriad of interpretations, as well as a spectrum of opinion on the extent, nature and implications of the phenomena. Globalization can be perceived 3 4 Governance, globalization and public policy as an economic, ideological,

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