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English and Indonesian When They Were Sold Trafficking of Women and Girls in 15 Provinces of Indonesia ii Trafficking of Women and Girls in 15 Provinces of Indonesia When They Were Sold Trafficking of Women and Girls in 15 Provinces of Indonesia First published in November 2006 Copy rights © ICMC Indonesia & Solidarity Center (ACILS) ISBN: 978-979-98667-2-1 Authors: Abhijit Dasgupta, Anis Hamim, Anna Puspita Rahayu, Eka Rahmawati, Fatimana Agustinanto, Farida, Keri Lasmi Sugiarti, Magdalena Pasaribu, Sally I Kailola & Jamie Davis Editors: Keri Lasmi Sugiarti, Jamie Davis & Abhijit Dasgupta Translators: Dian Octarina & Achmad Hasan Administration and Research: Dian Heryasih & Tantyawati Cover Design and Layout: Wahyu & Ian - Paragraph Studios ([email protected]) Photo: Ary WS - Paragraph Studios Model: Iput This book published by: International Catholic Migration Commission (ICMC) Indonesia Jl. Terusan Hang Lekir I/5, Jakarta Selatan 12220 - Indonesia Phone: +62 021 720 3910, Fax: +62 021 726 1918 [email protected] www.icmc.net American Center for International Labor Solidarity (Solidarity Center) Cik’s Building, 2nd floor, Jl. Cikini Raya No. 84-86, Jakarta, 10330 Phone: +62 021 3193 6635, Fax: +62 021 3192 6081 [email protected] www.solidaritycenter.org This publication was supported by the United States Agency for International Development’s Jakarta Mission with funding provided by the U.S. Department of State’s Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons (G/TIP). The opinions expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessary reflect the views of USAID or G/TIP. Acknowledgements iii Acknowledgements It is always difficult to acknowledge debts to all those who contribute to the culmination of a massive collaborative effort that this report was. However, there are a few names that come to our minds immediately whenever we look back at this project. First and foremost we wish to thank Ruth Rosenberg and the dedicated Solidarity Center/ICMC team who, three years back, compiled the first ever comprehensive volume on trafficking in women and children in Indonesia. Their report served as our beacon, and frankly, without it being there, the current volume would have ended up as something uninspiring. We hope that Ruth and company will forgive us for unilaterally calling this report a companion volume to the one that they wrote, and thereby claiming association to such an excellent product. Nonetheless, we have struggled to emulate the very high standards set by that report. This report would not have materialized without financial support and constant encouragement from USAID, G/TIP, the American People – and especially Mark D. Clark and his successor Stanley Harsha, Larry Meserve, Kelley Strickland, Paul Simonette, and Maria Ining Nurani. Special thanks go to Paul and Ining as their presence and critical questions constantly inspired the assessment teams during field work. In some ways, this report is historic as its preparation ran parallel to the passage of Indonesia’s anti-trafficking bill in the National House of Representatives. To say the least, the report benefited immensely from the debates and the deliberations on the bill and we thank Ibu Latifah Iskandar, the Chairperson of the Special Parliamentary Committee on the bill, for allowing us to gain critical knowledge from the proceedings. The section on Legal Environment has particularly benefited from this process. It would have been simply wonderful if the publication of this report could coincide with the passing of the bill. Our thanks to Dra. Sumarni Dawan Rahardjo, MPA, Deputy for Child Protection, Ministry of Women’s Empowerment and Dra Maswita Djaja, MSc , Deputy for Women’s Empowerment and Child’s Welfare, Coordinating Ministry for Peoples’ Welfare and her staff, Ir. Parjoko, MAppSc, for unhesitatingly sharing many pieces of information that only they had privileged access to. We wish to thank Kristin Dadey and her colleagues at the International Organization for Migration, Jakarta for compiling comprehensive case data on survivors of trafficking and allowing us to make creative use of their database. We realized how invaluable was the database to the understanding of the nature of trafficking in Indonesia as we kept referring back to it now and again. Lotte Kejser of International Labor Organization, Jakarta provided a framework to iv Trafficking of Women and Girls in 15 Provinces of Indonesia examine debt bondage and contributed further with her research on the available definitions of debt bondage. We thank Lotte for her valuable inputs. The report is based on extensive assessments of the prevailing situations of trafficking of women and girls in fifteen provinces of Indonesia. It is difficult to name each and every person who contributed by collecting and sharing information, but we wish to thank every government official that we met in course of the field visits, every NGO friend that volunteered information, and every survivor of trafficking who shared intimate personal details with the team members to improve our understanding of trafficking in Indonesia. Particularly to the last group, we wish to say that we very much appreciate your help because we have never experienced what you have. Other than the field assessments, the report has benefited immensely from our partnership, spread over the last five years, with more than 100 NGOs, trade unions and civil society groups from all across Indonesia. We extend our heartfelt thanks to them. Finally, to those unseen colleagues whose names might never appear on the credits list, this report would not have been possible without your deep commitment and unflinching support. Last but certainly not least, Solidarity Center Country Director Rudy Porter and ICMC Regional Director Charles Davy always stood by the team and were extremely patient when other work may have been neglected in order to put this report together. Your support created an atmosphere in which the team felt that no challenge regarding this book was insurmountable. Keri Lasmi Sugiarti Jamie Davis Abhijit Dasgupta Jakarta, November 2006 Table of Contents v Table of Contents Acronyms --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- vii Chapter I: BACKGROUND --------------------------------------------------------------------- 9 A. Purpose of the Report -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 11 B. Methodology ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 12 C. Trafficking Discourse in Indonesia --------------------------------------------------------- 14 Chapter II: AN OVERVIEW OF TRAFFICKING IN INDONESIA ------------------ 19 (Abhijit Dasgupta) A. Extent of Trafficking ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 21 B. The Major Purposes of Trafficking of Women, Girls and Boys Within and From Indonesia ----------------------------------------------------------- 27 C. Trafficking Routes ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 46 D. Indonesia as Destination ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 52 Chapter III: PROVINCIAL ASSESSMENTS ----------------------------------------------- 57 A. North Sumatra ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 59 (Fatimana Agustinanto) B. Riau Islands -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 79 (Anis Hamim) C. DKI Jakarta --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 95 (Sally I Kailola) D. West Java ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 118 (Farida) E. Central Java -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 132 (Farida) F. East Java ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 152 (Anna Puspita R) G. Banten --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 168 (Sally I Kailola) H. Bali --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 179 (Magdalena Pasaribu) I. West Nusa Tenggara -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 192 (Anna Puspita R) J. West Kalimantan ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 208 (Eka Rahmawati) K. East Kalimantan --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 240 (Keri Lasmi S) vi Trafficking of Women and Girls in 15 Provinces of Indonesia L. North Sulawesi ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 258 (Magdalena Pasaribu) M. South Sulawesi ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 270 (Keri Lasmi S) N. North Maluku ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 290 (Fatimana Agustinanto) O. Papua/West Irian Jaya ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 300 (Magdalena Pasaribu) Chapter IV. EMERGING ISSUES ------------------------------------------------------------- 317 A. Debt Bondage ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 319 (Jamie Davis) B. Migration and Trafficking: Placement of Indonesian Labor to Malaysia --------- 341 (Keri Lasmi Sugiarti) C. Law Enforcement Efforts to Combat Human Trafficking ----------------------------
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