DOCSLIB.ORG

History of the Filipino History Book

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
History of the Filipino History Book History of the Filipino History Book by Vernon del Rosario Totanes A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Faculty of Information University of Toronto © Copyright by Vernon del Rosario Totanes 2012 History of the Filipino History Book Vernon del Rosario Totanes Doctor of Philosophy Faculty of Information University of Toronto 2012 Abstract Studies of Philippine historiography often trace the emergence of history books written by Filipinos—or, more simply, Filipino history books—to the influence of Spanish and American colonialism, and the rise of Filipino nationalism. In most cases, the names of historians and the titles of their works figure prominently in discussions devoted primarily to texts and/or their authors’ backgrounds, while the names of their publishers and other bibliographical details are either relegated to the footnotes or dispensed with altogether. This study proposes an alternative, complementary approach that seeks to enrich the study of Philippine historiography by reconstructing the history of the Filipino history book using the framework of the discipline known as “book history,” and Pierre Bourdieu’s theory of the field of cultural production. The histories of three books, namely, Jose Rizal’s annotated edition of Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas (1890), Leandro Fernandez’s A Brief History of the Philippines (1919), and what is now commonly known as Teodoro Agoncillo’s History of the Filipino People (1960), are presented as case studies through which the evolution of the Filipino history book as a material object and commodity, and not merely as a text to be read or interpreted, may be better understood. Each book represents a different period in the evolution of the study of Philippine history by Filipinos, and was published in multiple editions over several decades. ii By examining the prevailing conditions throughout each book’s life cycle, the contributions of agents other than their authors, the struggles that accompanied their publication and distribution, and the evidence that may be gleaned from the books themselves, this dissertation shows that Spanish and American colonialism, and Filipino nationalism, did shape the development of Philippine historiography from the late nineteenth century to the twentieth century, but it also reveals that the Catholic Church played an important role in the production and circulation of books regardless of who was in power, and that struggles between agents involved in the historical field have affected the history of the discipline in ways that have yet to be fully acknowledged. iii Acknowledgments Dissertations, like books, are usually credited to their authors alone, but such works often also benefit directly and indirectly from the efforts of family and friends, librarians and archivists, publishers and professors, and many others. This dissertation is no exception. Hence, I would like to express my gratitude and appreciation to those who have contributed in various ways to the writing of this work: • Patricia Fleming, for agreeing to be my adviser even though she had just retired, and for her kindness, patience, and support as I wrote and rewrote numerous drafts over the years; Alan Galey and Malavika Kasturi, the members of my committee, for challenging me to complicate my analysis using methods and approaches I had not previously considered; and Vyva Victoria Aguirre, Roland Sintos Coloma, Gordon Davies, Leland de la Cruz, Tarleton Gillespie, Greta Golick, Christine Lao, Thomas Kessler, Susan MacDonald, Scott McLaren, Ari Ngaseo, Fr. John Schumacher, Brian Cantwell Smith, Karen Smith, and Ethel Tungohan, for asking questions, answering queries, giving feedback, and suggesting improvements. • Sharon Henry, for encouraging me to apply for the travel grant that brought me to Toronto; Lourdes David, for planting the seed that led me to contemplate the pursuit of a doctorate; Patricia May Jurilla, for introducing the study of book history as an academic discipline to Philippine studies; Leslie Howsam, for showing that history books are material objects and commodities with their own histories; Ambeth Ocampo, for suggesting that I look into the history of what is now commonly known as Teodoro Agoncillo’s History of the Filipino People; and Filomeno Aguilar Jr., Bernardita Churchill, Natalie Zemon Davis, Milagros Guerrero, Reynaldo Ileto, Gregory Pfitzer, Vicente Rafael, and Edgar Wickberg (!), for showing interest in my research and encouraging me to continue. iv • Salvacion Arlante, for granting access to the Teodoro A. Agoncillo Papers and other resources at the Main Library of the University of the Philippines; the librarians and archivists at Ateneo de Manila’s Rizal Library, Biblioteca Nacional de España, Biblioteca del Ateneo de Madrid, Bibliotecas AECID, Bibliothèque nationale de France, British Library, Columbia University, Lopez Museum and Library, Newberry Library, New York Public Library, Philippine National Library, US Library of Congress, US National Archives, University of California Berkeley, and University of Michigan, for not only preserving the primary sources I needed for my dissertation, but also for organizing them so that necessary materials could be easily found; and the visionaries behind Google Books, Internet Archive, and Hathitrust, for digitizing books and documents, and making them freely available online. • Teodoro V. Agoncillo III, for answering my questions and generously sharing documents I could not find elsewhere; Elvie Lapuz, Grace Tabiendo, and Ricky Punzalan, for their help in obtaining copies of library and archival materials that I was unable to physically examine; and Jonathan Balsamo, Maricor Baytion, Jonathan Best, Karina Bolasco, Mario Feir, Stephen Feldman, Caroline Garcia, Susan Go, Caroline Hau, Chas Navarro, John Silva, and Gas Vibal, for welcoming me into their offices and homes, translating documents, and/or assisting with the collection of data. • The University of Toronto, for providing the fellowship that made it financially possible for me to study in Canada; the Doctoral Thesis Completion Grant, as well as the Ethel Auster Bursary, for additional funding; Bonnie McElhinny, for the research assistantship that allowed me to visit UC Berkeley’s Bancroft Library and the US National Archives; and the Faculty of Information, the School of Graduate Studies, the Asian Institute, and the Doctoral Students’ Association, as well as the University of Michigan’s Bentley Historical Library, for v grants and awards that facilitated research trips and conference-related travel outside Toronto. • Bro. James Dunne (!), Onofre Pagsanghan, and Fr. Victor Salanga, for being good teachers and advisers inside and outside the classroom, and for being even better friends after I finished high school and college; Dulce Abad and Donna Shotwell, for being my mentors in and out of the corporate world even after we set off in different directions; Jim Arshem and Raphael Gancayco, for befriending a stranger like me and letting me stay with them on research trips to Washington, D.C., and New York, respectively; and Vanny Bicomong, Bong Buenaventura, Rene Cruz, Tom Frias, Ed Gulane, Cheche Soberano-Kau, Tony Liam, Malix Huidem, and Rancy Recato-Buenafe, for their friendship and support as I traveled between Toronto and Manila over the past six years. • My aunts and uncles in Canada and the United States—namely, Fe and Ben Dueñas, Tessie and Rudy Escribano, Aida Geronimo, Cora and Dick Macalinao, Gee and Bill Orr, Ernie and Mae Totanes, and especially Lory and Phil Mancini, and Stan and Rose Totanes—for welcoming me into their homes, and essentially treating me as one of their children; my cousins and their husbands or wives (if any)—Ben and Emily, Edgar and Teena, Erwin and Lyn, Eugene, James, Joey and Weng, Maris, Mike and Priscilla, PJ, Rachel, Rhia and Mike, Tony and Chiqui, and Vi and Ronnie—for going out of their way to spend time with me; and my siblings, Veraflor and Verchie, for helping me in countless ways over the years. • And finally, my parents, Ver and Flor, for teaching me to read and to write, to live and to love. This dissertation is dedicated to them. vi Table of Contents List of Tables viii List of Figures ix List of Abbreviations x Chapter One: Book History and the History Book 1 Book History 6 Bourdieu and the Field of Historical Production 11 Filipino History Books 19 Limitations 26 Significance 34 Chapter Two: The First Filipino History Book 37 Rizal’s Sucesos 40 Survival 58 Conclusion 73 Chapter Three: The Forgotten History Textbook 77 Textbook History 85 Fernandez’s Brief History 90 Conclusion 107 Chapter Four: History Book of the Filipino People 111 Agoncillo’s Revolt 113 Agoncillo’s History 122 Conclusion 146 Conclusion: The Filipino History Book 150 Bibliography 159 vii List of Tables 2.1 New editions and translations of Antonio de Morga's Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas (1609) 43 2.2 Significant publications related to Jose Rizal's Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas (1890) 71 3.1 Comparison of demands made by Filipino leaders in exchange for peace 93 4.1 Selected data on different editions of Teodoro Agoncillo’s History of the Filipino People (1960) 125 viii List of Figures 1.1 A new model for the study of the book 6 1.2 Simplified representation of the field of cultural production 13 1.3 Mapping the interdisciplinarities 27 2.1 Title page of Rizal’s Sucesos (1890) 46 3.1 Covers of early Philippine history textbooks 87 3.2 Covers of A Brief History of the Philippines 94 4.1 Covers of History of the Filipino People 124 5.1 Second cover of 3rd (2000) edition of Rizal Without the Overcoat 156 ix List of Abbreviations A-A Agoncillo-Alfonso A-G Agoncillo-Guerrero AR Annual Report of the Director of Education [or equivalent]. Manila: Bureau of Printing, 1901- . B&R Blair, Emma Helen, and James Alexander Robertson. The Philippine Islands, 1493-1898. 55 vols. Cleveland, OH: Arthur H. Clark, 1904. BHP Fernandez, Leandro.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • THE PHILIPPINES, 1942-1944 James Kelly Morningstar, Doctor of History
    ABSTRACT Title of Dissertation: WAR AND RESISTANCE: THE PHILIPPINES, 1942-1944 James Kelly Morningstar, Doctor of History, 2018 Dissertation directed by: Professor Jon T. Sumida, History Department What happened in the Philippine Islands between the surrender of Allied forces in May 1942 and MacArthur’s return in October 1944? Existing historiography is fragmentary and incomplete. Memoirs suffer from limited points of view and personal biases. No academic study has examined the Filipino resistance with a critical and interdisciplinary approach. No comprehensive narrative has yet captured the fighting by 260,000 guerrillas in 277 units across the archipelago. This dissertation begins with the political, economic, social and cultural history of Philippine guerrilla warfare. The diverse Islands connected only through kinship networks. The Americans reluctantly held the Islands against rising Japanese imperial interests and Filipino desires for independence and social justice. World War II revealed the inadequacy of MacArthur’s plans to defend the Islands. The General tepidly prepared for guerrilla operations while Filipinos spontaneously rose in armed resistance. After his departure, the chaotic mix of guerrilla groups were left on their own to battle the Japanese and each other. While guerrilla leaders vied for local power, several obtained radios to contact MacArthur and his headquarters sent submarine-delivered agents with supplies and radios that tie these groups into a united framework. MacArthur’s promise to return kept the resistance alive and dependent on the United States. The repercussions for social revolution would be fatal but the Filipinos’ shared sacrifice revitalized national consciousness and created a sense of deserved nationhood. The guerrillas played a key role in enabling MacArthur’s return.
    [Show full text]
  • Rf Revista Filipina, Segunda Etapa: Revistainvierno Filipina 2013–P, Rimaverasegunda 2014 Etapa : Inviernovol 2013
    Revista Filipina • Invierno 2013 / Primavera 2014 Vol. 1, Número 1 RF Revista 4Filipina Invierno 2013 / Primavera 2014 Volumen 1, Número 2 Revista semestral de lengua y literatura hispanofilipina http://revista.carayanpress.com Dirigida por Edmundo Farolán desde 1997. ISSN: 1496-4538 Segunda Etapa RF Comité editorial: Director: Edmundo Farolán Subdirector: Isaac Donoso Secretario: Andrea Gallo Webmáster: Edwin Lozada Redacción: Jorge Molina, David Manzano y Jeannifer Zabala Comité científico: Pedro Aullón de Haro Florentino Rodao Universidad de Alicante Universidad Complutense de Madrid Joaquín García Medall Joaquín Sueiro Justel Universidad de Valladolid Universidad de Vigo Guillermo Gómez Rivera Fernando Ziálcita Academia Filipina de la Lengua Española Universidad Ateneo de Manila Copyright © 2013 Edmundo Farolán, Revista Filipina Fotografía de la portada: Fuerte de Santiago, Intramuros, Edwin Lozada 1 Revista Filipina • Invierno 2013 / Primavera 2014 Vol. 1, Número 1 RF EDITORIAL Queridos amigos y lectores, Edmundo Farolán se encuentra viajando y me ha pedido que redacte unas líneas de presentación de este número, que constituye el segundo de nuestra Segunda Etapa. Ciertamente la voluntad de Revista Filipina es seguir contribuyendo a la discusión académica de la cultura filipina, y hacer accesibles para la comunidad científica —gracias a las posibilidades de los nuevos medios de difusión— materiales imprescindibles en los Estudios Filipinos. Con esta vocación nace la sección de «Biblioteca», que pretende ofrecer dos tipos de textos: bien la recuperación filológica, literaria o lingüística de obras fundamentales del corpus filipino, a través de ediciones modernas; o bien la publicación de obras novedosas, que por su tema contribuyan de forma original a la bibliografía filipinista. En este sentido inauguramos la sección publicando la primera edición que se realiza del famoso Boxer Codex.
    [Show full text]
  • Reflections on Agoncilloʼs the Revolt of the Masses and the Politics of History
    Southeast Asian Studies, Vol. 49, No. 3, December 2011 Reflections on Agoncilloʼs The Revolt of the Masses and the Politics of History Reynaldo C. ILETO* Abstract Teodoro Agoncilloʼs classic work on Andres Bonifacio and the Katipunan revolt of 1896 is framed by the tumultuous events of the 1940s such as the Japanese occupation, nominal independence in 1943, Liberation, independence from the United States, and the onset of the Cold War. Was independence in 1946 really a culmination of the revolution of 1896? Was the revolution spearheaded by the Communist-led Huk movement legitimate? Agoncilloʼs book was written in 1947 in order to hook the present onto the past. The 1890s themes of exploitation and betrayal by the propertied class, the rise of a plebeian leader, and the revolt of the masses against Spain, are implicitly being played out in the late 1940s. The politics of hooking the present onto past events and heroic figures led to the prize-winning manuscriptʼs suppression from 1948 to 1955. Finally seeing print in 1956, it provided a novel and timely reading of Bonifacio at a time when Rizalʼs legacy was being debated in the Senate and as the Church hierarchy, priests, intellectuals, students, and even general public were getting caught up in heated controversies over national heroes. The circumstances of how Agoncilloʼs work came to the attention of the author in the 1960s are also discussed. Keywords: Philippine Revolution, Andres Bonifacio, Katipunan society, Cold War, Japanese occupation, Huk rebellion, Teodoro Agoncillo, Oliver Wolters Teodoro Agoncilloʼs The Revolt of the Masses: The Story of Bonifacio and the Katipunan is one of the most influential books on Philippine history.
    [Show full text]
  • Colonial Contractions: the Making of the Modern Philippines, 1565–1946
    Colonial Contractions: The Making of the Modern Philippines, 1565–1946 Colonial Contractions: The Making of the Modern Philippines, 1565–1946 Vicente L. Rafael Subject: Southeast Asia, Philippines, World/Global/Transnational Online Publication Date: Jun 2018 DOI: 10.1093/acrefore/9780190277727.013.268 Summary and Keywords The origins of the Philippine nation-state can be traced to the overlapping histories of three empires that swept onto its shores: the Spanish, the North American, and the Japanese. This history makes the Philippines a kind of imperial artifact. Like all nation- states, it is an ineluctable part of a global order governed by a set of shifting power rela­ tionships. Such shifts have included not just regime change but also social revolution. The modernity of the modern Philippines is precisely the effect of the contradictory dynamic of imperialism. The Spanish, the North American, and the Japanese colonial regimes, as well as their postcolonial heir, the Republic, have sought to establish power over social life, yet found themselves undermined and overcome by the new kinds of lives they had spawned. It is precisely this dialectical movement of empires that we find starkly illumi­ nated in the history of the Philippines. Keywords: Philippines, colonialism, empire, Spain, United States, Japan The origins of the modern Philippine nation-state can be traced to the overlapping histo­ ries of three empires: Spain, the United States, and Japan. This background makes the Philippines a kind of imperial artifact. Like all nation-states, it is an ineluctable part of a global order governed by a set of shifting power relationships.
    [Show full text]
  • Title Reflections on Agoncillo's the Revolt of the Masses and The
    Reflections on Agoncillo's The Revolt of the Masses and the Title Politics of History Author(s) ILETO, Reynaldo C. Citation 東南アジア研究 (2011), 49(3): 496-520 Issue Date 2011-12-31 URL http://hdl.handle.net/2433/154791 Right Type Departmental Bulletin Paper Textversion publisher Kyoto University Southeast Asian Studies, Vol. 49, No. 3, December 2011 Reflections on Agoncilloʼs The Revolt of the Masses and the Politics of History Reynaldo C. ILETO* Abstract Teodoro Agoncilloʼs classic work on Andres Bonifacio and the Katipunan revolt of 1896 is framed by the tumultuous events of the 1940s such as the Japanese occupation, nominal independence in 1943, Liberation, independence from the United States, and the onset of the Cold War. Was independence in 1946 really a culmination of the revolution of 1896? Was the revolution spearheaded by the Communist-led Huk movement legitimate? Agoncilloʼs book was written in 1947 in order to hook the present onto the past. The 1890s themes of exploitation and betrayal by the propertied class, the rise of a plebeian leader, and the revolt of the masses against Spain, are implicitly being played out in the late 1940s. The politics of hooking the present onto past events and heroic figures led to the prize-winning manuscriptʼs suppression from 1948 to 1955. Finally seeing print in 1956, it provided a novel and timely reading of Bonifacio at a time when Rizalʼs legacy was being debated in the Senate and as the Church hierarchy, priests, intellectuals, students, and even general public were getting caught up in heated controversies over national heroes.
    [Show full text]
  • INFORMATION to USERS the Most Advanced Technology Has Been
    INFORMATION TO USERS The most advanced technology has been used to photo­ graph and reproduce this manuscript from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are re­ produced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand corner and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. These are also available as one exposure on a standard 35mm slide or as a 17" x 23" black and white photographic print for an additional charge. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. UMI University Microfilms international A Bell & Howell Information Company 300 Nortfi Zeeb Road.
    [Show full text]
  • G. Bankoff Selective Memory and Collective Forgetting
    G. Bankoff Selective memory and collective forgetting. Historiography and the Philippine centennial of 1898 In: Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde, The PhilippinesHistorical and social studies 157 (2001), no: 3, Leiden, 539-560 This PDF-file was downloaded from http://www.kitlv-journals.nl Downloaded from Brill.com09/28/2021 07:08:04PM via free access GREG BANKOFF Selective Memory and Collective Forgetting Historiography and the Philippine Centennial of 1898 The fanfare and extravaganza with which the centennial of the Revolution of 1896-1898 was celebrated in the Philippines serves largely to obscure the sur- prising lack of unanimity concerning the significance of the occasion or even the purpose of the festivities. Philippine history, more especially the historio- graphy of its colonial period, poses some particular problems in serving as the basis from which to fashion an identity suitable to the modern citizens of a nation-state. These problems are not restricted to the Philippines, but the combination of features is certainly specific to the history of that nation and differentiates its historiography from that of others in the region. Attention has long been drawn to the unique geographical location and cultural experi- ence of the islands; indeed D.G.E. Hall even omitted the Philippines from the first edition of his seminal history of Southeast Asia (Hall 1955). But these observations on their own offer no insuperable obstacle to the creation of a national historiography. Far more significant is the lack of appropriate his- torical experiences whose symbolic value make of them suitable rallying points round which a counter-hegemonic and anti-colonial historiography can coalesce and flourish.1 The history of nations is always presented in the form of a narrative, the fulfilment of a project that stretches back over the centuries along which are moments of coming to self-awareness that prove to be decisive in the self- manifestation of national personality (Balibar 1991:86; Bhabha 1990:1).
    [Show full text]
  • UC Riverside Electronic Theses and Dissertations
    UC Riverside UC Riverside Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Language, Tagalog Regionalism, and Filipino Nationalism: How a Language-Centered Tagalog Regionalism Helped to Develop a Philippine Nationalism Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/69j3t8mk Author Porter, Christopher James Publication Date 2017 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA RIVERSIDE Language, Tagalog Regionalism, and Filipino Nationalism: How a Language-Centered Tagalog Regionalism Helped to Develop a Philippine Nationalism A Thesis submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Southeast Asian Studies by Christopher James Porter June 2017 Thesis Committee: Dr. Hendrik Maier, Chairperson Dr. Sarita See Dr. David Biggs Copyright by Christopher James Porter 2017 The Thesis of Christopher James Porter is approved: Committee Chairperson University of California, Riverside Table of Contents: Introduction………………………………………………….. 1-4 Part I: Filipino Nationalism Introduction…………………………………………… 5-8 Spanish Period………………………………………… 9-21 American Period……………………………………… 21-28 1941 to Present……………………………………….. 28-32 Part II: Language Introduction…………………………………………… 34-36 Spanish Period……………………………………….... 36-39 American Period………………………………………. 39-43 1941 to Present………………………………………... 44-51 Part III: Formal Education Introduction…………………………………………… 52-53 Spanish Period………………………………………… 53-55 American Period………………………………………. 55-59 1941 to 2009………………………………………….. 59-63 A New Language Policy……………………………… 64-68 Conclusion……………………………………………………. 69-72 Epilogue………………………………………………………. 73-74 Bibliography………………………………………………….. 75-79 iv INTRODUCTION: The nation-state of the Philippines is comprised of thousands of islands and over a hundred distinct languages, as well as over a thousand dialects of those languages. The archipelago has more than a dozen regional languages, which are recognized as the lingua franca of these different regions.
    [Show full text]
  • 1991 Program of Activities
    NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 13TH ANNUAL SCIENTIFIC MEETING THEME: MANAGING ECOSYSTEMS FOR LONG-TERM HUMAN SURVIVAL PHILIPPINE INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION CENTER Roxas Boulevard, Manila July 9-10, 1991 PROGRAM OF ACTIVITIES July 9, 1991 Page 8:00 Registration 8:30 Opening Ceremonies 9:45 Poster Session I (List on pp. 12-16) 10;30 Plenary Session I ............................................................................................... 1 1:30 Plenary Session II .........................................................................................•... 2 3:30 Plenary Session III ............................................................................................ 3 July 10, 1991 8:30 Plenary Session IV ............................................................................................ 4 9:45 Poster Session II (List on pp. 12-16) 10:30 Scientific Sessions ...................................................................................... 7-11 3:30 Closing Ceremonies ......................................................................................• 6 July 9, 1991 MORNING 8:00 R E G I S T RA T I 0 N (Foyer of Delegates' Lounge) 8:30 OPENING CEREMONIES Meeting Room 4 National Anthem Invocation Alfredo V. Lagmay, National Scientist Welcome Address Dioscoro L. Umali, National Scientist President National Academy of Science and Technology Opening Address Hon. Ceferino L. Follosco Secretary Department of Science and Technology Introduction of the Keynote Speaker Prescillano M. Zamora, Academician Keynote
    [Show full text]
  • On the Historiography of Southeast Asia and the Philippines: the “Golden Age” of Southeast Asian Studies - Experiences and Reflections
    Historiography in the Philippines On the Historiography of Southeast Asia and the Philippines: The “Golden Age” of Southeast Asian Studies - Experiences and Reflections Reynaldo C. Ileto (National University of Singapore) I. The 1960s and early 70s were the height of the Vietnam war and opposition to it. They also witnessed a kind of golden age in Southeast Asian studies at Cornell University. Cold war politics coupled with modernization theory meant the backing of the US State department and private foundations for the development of the idea of “Southeast Asia,” of unities of experience among its components, despite the thin and often contradictory evidence. With the withdrawal and defeat of the US in Vietnam, state and foundation funding began to dry up and American students began to turn their backs on this once-dynamic field. The previous decade came to resemble a golden age, a Lost Eden. Laurie Sears has summed up the glorious sixties in the following passages, which I can do no better than quote verbatim: The Vietnam war years filled the classes of those few American historians and political scientists of Southeast Asia, whether notorious as hawks or doves, because they were the only scholars who knew anything at all about this small former French colony that had dealt such a stunning military blow to the French at Dien Bien Phu. Political scientists and historians from Cornell like Ben Anderson, Dan Lev, and John Smail . led teach-ins and antiwar rallies arising from political commitments forged during the days of their doctoral 1 Session 2 research when Indonesia’s charismatic president Soekarno was head of the nonaligned nations of Asia and Africa.
    [Show full text]
  • NAST · up College of Forestry Join Hands with Royal Society of London on Collaborative Study of Rain Forest Ecology
    NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY National Science and TedmoloaY Authority National Scientists: Juan S. Salcedo, Jr., M.D. Alfredo C. Santos, Dr. phil GrE!lorio Y. Zara, Dr. Sci· Fe del Mundo, M.D. Eduardo A. Quiaumbing, Ph.D. Executive Council Paulo C. Campos - President Alfredo V. Lagmay - Vice-President . \ Tito A. Mijares - Secretary Alfredo C. Santos - Member Carmen C. Velasquez - Member " Academicians : Teodoro A. Agoncillo, Litt. D. (honoris causa) Encarnacion Alzona, Ph.D. elare R. Baltazar, Ph.D. Julian Banzon, Ph.D. Luz O. Belardo, Ph.D. Paulo C. Campos, M.D. Magdalena C. Cantoria, Ph.D. Amando M. Dalisay, Ph.D. Conrado S. Dayrit, M.D. Jose Encarnacion, Jr., Ph.D. Pedro B. Escuro, Ph.D. Raymundo A. Favila, Ph.D. Francisco M. Fronda, Ph.D. Emerita V. de Guzman, Ph.D. Bienvenido O. Juliano, Ph.D. Alfredo V. Lagmay, Ph.D. Cecilio F. Lopez, Dr. PhiL· Melecio S. Magno, Ph.D, Fe del Mundo, M.D. Tito A. Mijares, Ph.D. GeminiaDO T. de Ocampo, M.D. Eduardo A. Quisumbing, Ph.D. Jose N. Rodriguez, M.D.· Casimiro del Rosario, Ph.D. Juan S. Salcedo, Jr., M.D. Alfredo C. Santos, Dr. PhiL Francisco O. Santos, Ph.D. Joventino D. Soriano, Ph.D. Clara Y. Lim-Sylianco, Ph.D. Dioscoro i. Umall, Ph.D. ' Carmen C. Velasquez, Ph.D. GrE!lorio T. Velasquez, Ph.D. Gregorio Y: Zan, Ph.D •• ·deceased Philippines to Host First Meeting of Vol. 4 No.1, March, 1982 Asean Scientists by End of '82 NAST Head Elected Chairman Asean Scientists convened in Kuala Malaysian Scientific Association (MSA), (1) the rich diversity of natural resour­ Lumpur, March 13-15 in an effort to who earlier invited the Academy offi­ ces both on land (especially low­ form an organization to link scientists cials to Kuala Lumpur.
    [Show full text]
  • University of Wisconsin—Eau Claire an Examination of The
    UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN—EAU CLAIRE AN EXAMINATION OF THE IMPACT OF NATIONALISM ON JOSE RIZAL DERRICK B. HELLER SENIOR THESIS PROFESSOR ASHLEY K. E. WRIGHT DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY DECEMBER 2008 Copyright for this work is owned by the author. This digital version is published by McIntyre Library, University of Wisconsin Eau Claire with the consent of the author. 1 CONTENTS ABSTRACT………………………………….…………….………………2 INTRODUCTION…………………………….………….……….….....…3 Part I: Rizal’s Experiences Family Rizal‘s Relationship with his Mother….................................5 Rizal‘s Relationship with his Father……………….…..……6 Rizal‘s Relationship with Others…………………….…..….7 Women and Nationalism…………………………….……...10 Education…………………………………………………….….....12 German and Filipino National Identity…………………….…….16 Part II: Competing Views of the Philippines……………………….…….20 Part III: Government and its Affect on Rizal……………………….……24 Part IV: Noli Me Tangere………………………………………………….26 CONCLUSION...................................................................................……..30 BIBLIOGRAPHY.........................................................................................32 2 Abstract This study examines the aspects of national identity as the creation, or imagination, of the self as a part of larger group, garnered and spread through various sources including relations with individuals, print sources, and personal reflection. Jose Rizal, the national hero of the Philippines, often considered the ―Father of Filipino Nationalism,‖ is the focus of this examination. Also, this
    [Show full text]