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Measuring Historical Heat Event, Performance and Impact in China and the West

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Measuring Historical Heat Event, Performance and Impact in China and the West Shenbao, 9/5/1922 Measuring Historical Heat Event, Performance and Impact in China and the West Symposium in Honour of Rudolf G. Wagner on his 60th Birthday Heidelberg, November 3rd – 4th 2001 Symposium in Honour of Rudolf G. Wagner on his 60th Birthday 5 Inhalt Measuring Historical Heat – Event, Performance and Impact in China and the West. A Short Description 09 Antrag zur Veranstaltung eines wissenschaftlichen Sympo- siums 11 Programm 22 Introduction Roderick McFarquhar, Harvard 27 1. The Hot and the Cold in History Jan Assmann, Heidelberg 29 2. Explicit Abstraction – The Case of Classical Chinese Christoph Harbsmeier, Oslo 41 3. Hot Debates on Emotions – The Problem of Affective States in Pre-Qin and Early Medieval Chinese Political Philosophy Ulrike Middendorf, Heidelberg 53 4. Anticipating Historical Heat – Early Chinese Concepts of Time Quality and their Possible Influence on Historical Events Joachim Gentz, Heidelberg 65 5. Dynastic Change and Reorientation of Religion – The Rise of the Tang and Daoism Friederike Assandri, Rom/Heidelberg 79 6. Cataclysms and China – How to get rid of Dinosaurs Roderick McFarquhar, Harvard 93 6 Measuring Historical Heat – Event, Performance and Impact in China and the West 7. Whose life is ist anyway? On Traditional Chinese Bio- graphical Writing Stephan Peter Bumbacher, Tübingen 99 8. Empereur à la surprise – The Making of Song Taizu Johannes Kurz, Brunei 107 9. The Fall of the Kaifeng in 1127 and Censorship in Ssu-k’u ch’üan-shu versions of the Annals Hans van Ess, München 119 10. The North-China Famine of 1876–79 – Performance and Impact of a Non-Event Andrea Janku, Heidelberg 127 11. Competition over National Origins in China, Japan and Ko- rea around 1900 Nany Kim, Heidelberg/London 135 12. In the Heat of the Night – Shanghai’s Electrification and the Contingency of Social Practice Natascha Vittinghoff, Göttingen 147 13. Writing with Fire – PRC Newspaper Making in High Temperature Times Nico Volland, Heidelberg 163 14. Der Schreckensmann – German Melancholy and Chinese Restlessness: Ye Shengtao’s Novel Ni Huanzhi Wolfgang Kubin, Bonn 183 15. Huang Ren (1863–1913) – The Eccentric who Discovered Belles Lettres for Chinese Literature Milena Dolezelova-Velingerova, Toronto 191 16. The Writing of the Xici Zhuan and the Making of the Yijing Ed Shaughnessy, Chicago 197 Symposium in Honour of Rudolf G. Wagner on his 60th Birthday 7 17. The Event of Poetic Boredom or the Skill of Repetition? The “Nine Laments“ by Liu Xiang Michael Schimmelpfennig, Heidelberg 223 18. Event and Interpretation – A Medical Comment Barbara Volkmar, Freiburg 231 19. Remembering and Forgetting the Twenty-One Demands – A Case Study in Manipulation of National Memory Paul Cohen, Harvard 235 20. A Fire and its Causes – Eunuchs and the Making of (Event) History in China Barbara Mittler, Heidelberg 249 21. The Cultural Revolution and the Cultural Revolution Muse- um – What is the Correct Memory? 263 Cathy V. Yeh, Heidelberg 22. Is 20th Century Chinese History an Unending Disaster? Susanne Weigelin-Schwiedrzik, Heidelberg 271 Appendix: Birthday Songs 287 Since most of the texts published in this volume are works in progress, the authors kindly ask not to use any of them for citation without their permission. Wolfgang Kubin’s text Der Schreckensmann is due to be published in: Raoul David Findeisen. Sino-German Interplay. Measuring Historical Heat – Event, Performance and Impact in China and the West A Short Description For the past decades historical study has been dominated by the theory of longue durée, most famously represented by Fernand Braudel and the Annales School with their construction of the long trends of a history of ”everyday life” in contrast to histoire événementielle. This approach deemphasizes the fact that – in retrospective at least – many historical processes inevitably acquire ”event” character: they are in fact ”momentous changes” in history. It is in the act of history-writing and memory-building that events regain their field: In historical memory they turn out to be associated with and triggered by willed human action. They become explosive moments associated with crises involving state and society. They can be characterized as times of ”high temperature”, with a set of common features: (1) a violent break with established order that actively involves or is tolerated by large segments of society; (2) the necessity to look for new models for the behavior of individuals and groups to enact and perform the new ideal; (3) their relatively short duration but high and lasting impact, leaving society (and its people) fundamentally transformed. As one writer put it: ”The past is a malleable substance, which we work into expressive shapes that in turn shape us.”1 Marxist historians would claim that events are nothing more than the final explosion of long existing contradictions cumulated over time. This approach fails to take into account the singularity and incalculable nature of particular events and the even more complex nature of remembering those events. Once violent eruption is set into motion, events tend to take their own course, driven by internal dynamics of the way they are experienced, the immediate effect of those experiences, and the place they then take in complex non-predictable chains of reactions which finally lead into memory-building. The conference will explore the structural dynamics between the event itself, the performativity therein and the impact thereof. It will study the way in which a society undergoes 10 Measuring Historical Heat – Event, Performance and Impact in China and the West violent shifts of orientation; the manner in which individuals and groups cope with the vacuum in ritual and routine through conscious staging and acting their envisaged or intended new self; and the ways in which violent transgressions of established rules and new role-playing affect society after the event as social order is ”restored” and finally as the event is being remembered. The critical framework for this exploration is the question of how high temperature events release society from its ”normal” everyday state and what the rules are that govern it. Thus, the conference sets out to explore the larger question of the relationship between the study of long trends in history with their seemingly ”objectively” necessary drift, and the quirks of specific historical turning points. Based on specific studies of ”high temperature” events in history and their effects on memory building as seen in their repercussions in historical and philosophical writing, in literature, art, the media, film and music, the objective is to understand, from a cross- disciplinary and a cross-cultural perspective, the dynamics of momentous historical events which have impacted human societies irreversibly. The proposed conference hopes to bring about a dialogue between young and established scholars working in the field of Chinese and European studies from different methodological disciplines (history, sociology, archeology, philosophy, literature, art history, politics, economics, linguistics and cultural studies). It is a first attempt to apply some of the specific knowledge gained from several interdisciplinary Heidelberg Lecture Series on Cultural Memory and History Building2 in the last decades to the particular case of China. The conference will integrate as partners for a meaningful dialogue between China-specialists and Europeanists many of the scholars who have once contributed to these lecture series. Notes 1 Robinson M. ”Writers and the Nostalgic Fallacy,” in: NYTBR 13.10.1985, 1:34-35, 34. 2 These lecture series, initiated by Jan Assmann among others, have been published as Assmann J./ Hölscher T. Kultur und Gedächtnis, Frankfurt 1988; Assmann A./Harth D. Mnemosyne. Formen und Funktionen der kulturellen Erinnerung, Frankfurt 1991; and Harth D./Assmann J. Revolution und My- thos, Frankfurt 1992. Antrag zur Veranstaltung eines wissenschaftlichen Symposiums by Barbara Mittler, Catherine V. Yeh and Michael Schimmelpfennig Thema: Measuring Historical Heat – Event, Performance and Impact in China and the West Ort, Datum und Dauer der Veranstaltung: Sinologisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg, 3.–4.11.2001 Begründung: 0. Deutsches Abstract Dieses Symposium widmet sich der Untersuchung spezifischer ”heisser” Ereignisse (events) in der chinesischen Geschichte. Dabei wird entgegen der vorherrschenden Konzen- tration der historischen Forschung auf langfristige historische Prozesse davon ausgegangen, daß bestimmte ereignishafte Momente entweder als Ereignis selbst, oder als komprimierte Erinnerung eine maßgebliche Rolle in der historischen Entwicklung spielen. Ziel des Sympo- siums ist es, solche – im Gegensatz zur “kalten” Geschichte des langfristigen historischen Prozesses als “heiß” bezeichnete Ereignisse – als Ereignis per se, als posthum komprimierte Erinnerung und als Prisma unterschiedlicher historischer Wahrnehmungen zu verstehen und ihre Verarbeitung in verschiedenen Medien zu analysieren, die von der Geschichtsschreibung über die Literatur und Poesie bis hin zum journalistischen Diskurs reichen. Hierzu werden junge sinologische Nachwuchswissenschaftler mit herausragenden Ver- tretern ihres Faches zur Diskussion zusammengebracht. Darüber hinaus wird diesen Nach- wuchswissenschaftlern, die in verschiedenen Forschungsbereichen mit unterschiedlichen 12 Measuring Historical Heat – Event, Performance and Impact in China and the West Methodiken arbeiten, Gelegenheit gegeben, mit Vertretern aus den entsprechenden
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