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EFEITO DA ENDOGAMIA EM Cotesia Flavipes (CAMERON, 1891

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EFEITO DA ENDOGAMIA EM Cotesia Flavipes (CAMERON, 1891 UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL PAULISTA - UNESP CAMPUS DE JABOTICABAL EFEITO DA ENDOGAMIA EM Cotesia flavipes (CAMERON, 1891) (HYMENOPTERA: BRACONIDAE) CRIADA EM Diatraea saccharalis (FABRICIUS, 1794) (LEPIDOPTERA CRAMBIDAE) AO LONGO DE GERAÇÕES Maíra Trevisan Bióloga 2014 UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL PAULISTA - UNESP CAMPUS DE JABOTICABAL EFEITO DA ENDOGAMIA EM Cotesia flavipes (CAMERON, 1891) (HYMENOPTERA: BRACONIDAE) CRIADA EM Diatraea saccharalis (FABRICIUS, 1794) (LEPIDOPTERA CRAMBIDAE) AO LONGO DE GERAÇÕES Maíra Trevisan Orientador: Prof. Dr. Sergio Antonio De Bortoli Co-orientadora: Dra. Alessandra Marieli Vacari Dissertação apresentada a Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias – Unesp, Campus de Jaboticabal, como parte das exigências para a obtenção do título de Mestre em Agronomia (Entomologia Agrícola) 2014 Trevisan, Maíra T814e Efeito da endogamia em Cotesia flavipes (Cameron, 1891) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) criada em Diatraea saccharalis (Fabricius, 1794) (Lepdoptera: Crambidae) ao longo de gerações / Maíra Trevisan. – – Jaboticabal, 2014 vi, 72 f. : il. ; 29 cm Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, 2014 Orientador: Sergio Antonio De Bortoli Co-orientadora: Alessandra Marieli Vacari Banca examinadora: Adriana Coletto Morales Corrêa e Castro, Ana Eugênia de Carvalho Campos Bibliografia 1. Cana-de-açúcar. 2. Controle biológico. 3. Controle de qualidade. 4. Criação massal. 5. Broca da cana. I. Título. II. Jaboticabal- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias. CDU 595.7:633.61 Ficha catalográfica elaborada pela Seção Técnica de Aquisição e Tratamento da Informação – Serviço Técnico de Biblioteca e Documentação - UNESP, Câmpus de Jaboticabal. DADOS CURRICULARES DA AUTORA MAÍRA TREVISAN – Nascida em 21 de fevereiro de 1985, na cidade de São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brasil. É Bióloga graduada pela Universidade de Taubaté - UNITAU /Taubaté – SP, em dezembro de 2010. As atividades de pesquisa em controle biológico iniciaram-se com estágio no Laboratório de Entomologia Agrícola da UNITAU, onde desenvolveu seu trabalho de conclusão de curso com taxonomia de himenópteros parasitoides de moscas-das-frutas. Em março de 2012 iniciou o curso de Mestrado em Agronomia (Entomologia Agrícola), sendo bolsista do Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) no período de março de 2012 a fevereiro de 2014. Desde o período de iniciação científica participou da organização do Programa de Extensão Natureza & Criança, do Depto. de Agronomia da UNITAU, de 2009 a 2011; realizou treinamento em taxonomia de himenópteros parasitoides no Centro Experimental Central do Instituto Biológico de São Paulo; participou do grupo de apoio do VI Curso de Inverno em Entomologia Agrícola; foi palestrante do mini-curso Criação de Diatraea saccharalis (Fabricius, 1794) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) e do parasitoide Cotesia flavipes (Cameron, 1891) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) no VII Curso de Inverno em Entomologia Agrícola; publicou como autora/co-autora 16 (dezesseis) resumos simples em anais de eventos científicos, tendo participado de 05 (cinco) congressos, simpósios e similares nacionais e 01 (um) internacional. “Um passo a frente e você não estão mais no mesmo lugar” Chico Science Aos meus amados pais, Ivan e Marilena, por todo incentivo, carinho e preocupação durante toda a vida! E por todo o apoio, mesmo quando não concordavam com minhas escolhas. É por eles que sou quem sou hoje, do que me orgulho muito! Ao Renato, meu querido irmão, pelas eternas lembranças da infância, que sempre rendem muitas alegrias e saudades daqueles tempos! À minha avó, Mercedes, por todo carinho e cuidado de “Segunda Mãe”. Ao Guilherme, por tornar tudo mais fácil durante as conversas sem fim, as inúmeras risadas, por todo apoio e amor! DEDICO AGRADECIMENTOS A Deus, que cuida do meu caminho. À Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Campus de Jaboticabal, e ao Departamento de Fitossanidade pela oportunidade de realização do curso de pós-graduação em Entomologia Agrícola. Ao Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) pela concessão da bolsa de estudos. Aos meus orientadores Prof. Dr. Sergio Antonio De Bortoli e Dra. Alessandra Marieli Vacari pela oportunidade, ensinamentos, ajuda e paciência. Ao Laboratório de Entomologia da Usina São Martinho, Pradópolis-SP, pela concessão do material biológico necessário para os experimentos. Aos Professores, Dr. Nelson Wanderley Perioto e Dra. Adriana Coletto Morales, pelos conselhos e sugestões durante o decorrer do trabalho. Aos colegas do LBCI (Claudio Antonio Salas Figueroa, Dagmara Gomes Ramalho, Vanessa Fabíola Pereira de Carvalho, Natália Fernanda Vieira, Wanderley Dibelli, Gustavo Oliveira de Magalhães, Rogério Teixeira Duarte, Tiago Trevisoli Agostini, Caroline Placidi De Bortoli e Rafael Ferreira dos Santos) pelo apoio, amizade e ajuda durane a realização dos experimentos. Em especial aos amigos Valéria Lucas de Laurentis, Haroldo Xavier Linhares Volpe, Lucas Trevisoli Agostini e Ana Carolina Pires Veiga pela amizade e companheirismo. Aos professores e funcionários do Departamento de Fitossanidade, pela convivência e auxilio sempre que necessário. SUMÁRIO Página LISTA DE TABELAS.......................................................................................................iii LISTA DE FIGURAS.......................................................................................................iv RESUMO.........................................................................................................................v ABSTRACT.....................................................................................................................vi 1.INTRODUÇÃO ............................................................................................................1 2. REVISÃO DE LITERATURA.......................................................................................4 2.1. A cultura da cana-de-açúcar.................................................................................4 2.1.1. Histórico........................................................................................................4 2.1.2. Importância econômica................................................................................6 2.2. A broca da cana-de-açúcar...................................................................................7 2.2.1. Descrição......................................................................................................8 2.2.2. Biologia.........................................................................................................9 2.2.3. Danos..........................................................................................................10 2.2.4. Controle.......................................................................................................11 2.2.4.1. Controle biológico....................................................................................11 2.2.4.2. Controle químico.....................................................................................13 2.2.4.3. Controle cultural.......................................................................................13 2.3. O parasitoide Cotesia flavipes............................................................................14 2.3.1. Histórico......................................................................................................14 2.3.2. Descrição e Biologia.........................................................................................16 2.4. Controle de qualidade em criações massais......................................................18 2.4.1. Importância do controle de qualidade.........................................................19 2.4.2. Parâmetros avaliados no controle de qualidade de Cotesia falvipes........20 2.4.3. Deterioração genética em criações massais.............................................21 3. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS..........................................................................................24 3.1. Obtenção do material..........................................................................................24 3.2. Formação e condução do grupo endogâmico de Cotesia flavipes ....................24 3.3. Parâmetros biológicos de Cotesia flavipes ........................................................25 3.4. Sobrevivência dos adultos..................................................................................26 3.5. Atividade de voo..................................................................................................26 3.6. Características morfométricas............................................................................28 3.7. Capacidade de parasitismo.................................................................................28 3.8. Tabela de vida de fertilidade...............................................................................29 3.9. Análise dos dados...............................................................................................30 4. RESULTADOS .........................................................................................................31 4.1. Parâmetros biológicos.........................................................................................31 4.2. Sobrevivência de adultos....................................................................................34 4.3. Atividade de voo..................................................................................................38
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