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BIBLIOGRAPHY Adamson, J. (1998), Charlotte Haldane : Woman Writer in a Man ’ s World (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 1998). Adamson, M., and Moore, R.I. (1934), Technocracy : Some Questions Answered (New York: Technocracy Inc.). Adorno, T.W. (1942), ‘Aldous Huxley and Utopia’, in Prisms , trans. S. and S. Weber (1955; Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1967): pp. 95–118. [Advertisement] (1933), ‘The Wizard in the Wall’, Daily Mail (20 Oct.): 19. [Advertisement] (1936), ‘Talbot “Ten”’, Daily Mirror (6 May): 10. Akin, W.E. (1977) Technocracy and the American Dream : The Technocrat Movement , 1900 – 1941 (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press). Alba, D. (2014), ‘Sci-fi Author Neal Stephenson Joins Mystery Startup Magic Leap as “Chief Futurist”’, Wired (16 Dec.); n.p. Available at http://www. wired.com/2014/12/neal-stephenson-magic-leap/ (accessed 11 Oct. 2015). Albertus Magnus (2008), Questions Concerning Aristotle ’ s ‘ On Animals ’, trans. I.M. Resnick and K.F. Kitchell, Jr (Washington, DC: The Catholic University of America Press). Aldridge, A. (1984), The Scientifi c World View in Dystopia (Ann Arbor, MI: UMI Research Press). Amis, K. (1980), Collected Poems 1944 – 1979 (Harmondsworth: Penguin). Andreassi, J.L. (2013), Psychophysiology : Human behaviour and Psychological Response , 4 th rev. ed. (Abingdon: Psychology Press). [Anon.] (1933), ‘Technocracy Idea is Old, says Soddy’, The New York Times (8 Jan.): 23. [Anon.] (2004), ‘The Story Behind the Story’, in Aldous Huxley ’ s ‘ Brave New World ’ (Bloom’s Guides), introd. H. Bloom and ed. A. Goodman (New York: Chelsea House): pp. 12–15. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2016 227 J. Greenberg, N. Waddell (eds.), Brave New World: Contexts and Legacies, DOI 10.1057/978-1-137-44541-4 228 BIBLIOGRAPHY Arciero, A. (2008), ‘Some Kind of Brave New World : Humans, Society, and Nature in the Dystopian Interpretations of Huxley and Orwell’, in D.G. Izzo and K. Kirkpatrick (eds), Huxley ’ s ‘ Brave New World ’: Essays (Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 2008): pp. 46–61. Aristotle (1941), Politics , trans. B. Jowett, in The Basic Works of Aristotle , ed. R. McKeon (New York: Random House): pp. 1113–316. Arlen, M. (1933), Man ’ s Mortality : A Story (London: William Heinemann). Atsusis, H. and Kebritchi, M. (2008), ‘Examining the Pedagogical Foundations of Modern Educational Computer Games’, Computers & Education , 51: 1729–43. Atwood, M. (2007), ‘Everybody is Happy Now’, The Guardian (16 Nov.): n.p. Available at http://www.theguardian.com/books/2007/nov/17/classics. margaretatwood (accessed 11 Oct. 2015). — (2011), In Other Worlds : SF and the Human Imagination (London: Virago). Baker, R.S. (1990), Brave New World : History , Science , and Dystopia (Boston: Twayne). — (1996), ‘Aldous Huxley: History and Science between the Wars’, CLIO : A Journal of Literature , History , and the Philosophy of History , 25.3: 293–300. Barbarella (1968), dir. Roger Vadim (Dino de Laurentiis Cinematografi ca/ Marianne Productions). Beaumont, M. (2005), Utopia , Ltd. : Ideologies of Social Dreaming in England 1870 – 1900 (Leiden: Brill). Bedford, S. (2002), Aldous Huxley : A Biography (Chicago: Ivan R. Dee). Bellamy, E. (1888), Looking Backward : 2000 – 1887 , ed. M. Beaumont (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007). Bentham, J. (1780), An Introduction to the Principle of Morals and Legislation (Oxford: Clarendon, 1907). Bergner D. (2013), What Do Women Want ? Adventures in the Science of Desire (New York: Ecco). Betjeman, J. (1958), Collected Poems , introd. The Earl of Birkenhead (London: John Murray). Birnbaum, M. (2006), Aldous Huxley : A Quest for Values (Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers). Bradshaw, D. (1995), ‘Huxley’s Slump: Planning, Eugenics and the “Ultimate Need” of Stability’, in J. Batchelor (ed.), The Art of Literary Biography (Oxford: Clarendon Press): pp. 151–71. Brittain, V. (1929), Halcyon ; or , The Future of Monogamy (London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co.). Brooke, J. (1963), ‘Obituary’ (12 Dec.), in D. Watt (ed.), Aldous Huxley : The Critical Heritage (London and Boston: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1975): pp. 462 – 5. Brown, N.O. (1959), Life Against Death : The Psychoanalytic Meaning of History (Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press, 1985). BIBLIOGRAPHY 229 Buchanan, B. (2002), ‘Oedipus in Dystopia: Freud and Lawrence in Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World ’, Journal of Modern Literature , 25.3–4 (Summer): 75–89. Buell, L. (2001), Writing for an Endangered World (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press). Burdekin, K. (1934), Proud Man , ed. D. Patai (New York: The Feminist Press, 1993). Butler, S. (1872), Erewhon , or Over the Range , ed. P. Mudford (London: Penguin, 1970). Carey J. (1992), The Intellectuals and the Masses : Pride and Prejudice among the Literary Intelligentsia , 1880 – 1939 (London: Faber and Faber). Carey-Webb, A. (1999), ‘National and Colonial Education in Shakespeare’s The Tempest ’, Early Modern Literary Studies , 5.1 (May): 1–39. Cherryh, C.J. (1988), Cyteen (New York: Warner Books). Chesler, P. (1988), Sacred Bond : the Legacy of Baby M (New York: Crown). Childs, D. (2001), Modernism and Eugenics : Woolf , Eliot , Yeats , and the Culture of Degeneration (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press). Chodorow, N. (1978), The Reproduction of Mothering : Psychoanalysis and the Sociology of Gender (Berkeley: University of California Press). Chomsky, N. (1988), Language and Politics (Montreal: Black Rose). Clark, V. (1987), Aldous Huxley and Film (Metuchen, NJ: Scarecrow Press). Clarke, T. and Pierson, R. (2015), ‘FDA Approves “Female Viagra” with Strong Warning’, Reuters (19 Aug.). Available at http://www.reuters.com/article/ 2015/08/19/us-pink-viagra-fda-idUSKCN0QN2BH20150819 (accessed 11 Oct. 2015). Cobley, E. (2009), Modernism and the Culture of Effi ciency : Ideology and Fiction (Toronto: University of Toronto Press). Conole, G., et al . (2004), ‘Mapping Pedagogy and Tools for Effective Learning Design’, Computers & Education , 43: 17–33. Corea, G. (1985), The Mother Machine : Reproductive Technology from Artifi cial Insemination to Artifi cial Wombs (London: HarperCollins). Crowninshield, F. (1914), ‘In Vanity Fair ’ (Editorial), Vanity Fair , 1.3 (Mar.): 15. — (1914), ‘In Vanity Fair ’ (Editorial), Vanity Fair , 1.5 (May): 19. Curtis, W.M. (2011), ‘Rorty’s Liberal Utopia and Huxley’s Island ’, Philosophy & Literature , 35.1 (Apr.): 91–103. Darwin, Charles (1871), The Descent of Man , and Selection in Relation to Sex , vol. 1 (rpt. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1981). Davidson, J. (2009), Breeding : A Partial History of the Eighteenth Century (New York: Columbia University Press). De Landa, M. (2002), Intensive Science and Virtual Philosophy (New York: Continuum). Deery, J. (1992), ‘Technology and Gender in Aldous Huxley’s Alternative(?) Worlds’, Extrapolation , 33.3 (Fall): 258 – 73. 230 BIBLIOGRAPHY — (1996), Aldous Huxley and the Mysticism of Science (New York: St. Martin’s Press). — (2005), ‘ Brave New World , the Sequel: Huxley and Contemporary Film’, in P.E. Firchow and H.J. Real (eds), The Perennial Satirist : Essays in Honour of Bernfried Nugel (Münster: Lit Verlag): pp. 183–200. Deese, R.S. (2014), We Are Amphibians : Julian and Aldous Huxley on the Future of Our Species (Oakland: University of California Press). Derbyshire, J. (2003), ‘What Happened to Aldous Huxley?’, The New Criterion , 21.6 (Feb.): 13–22. Dewey, J. (1911), ‘Education’, in P. Monroe (ed.), A Cyclopedia of Education , Vol. II (New York: Macmillan, 1911): pp. 398–401. — (1916), ‘Nationalizing Education’, in The Essential Dewey – Vol. 1 : Pragmatism , Education , Democracy , ed. L.A. Hickman and T.M. Alexander (Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 1998): pp. 265–9. Diken, B. (2011), ‘Huxley’s Brave New World – and Ours’, Journal for Cultural Research , 15.2: 153–72. Dorrier, J. (2014), ‘Virtual Reality May Become the Next Great Media Platform – But Can It Fool All Five Senses?’, SingularityHUB (28 Sep.): n.p. Available at http://singularityhub.com/2014/09/28/virtual-reality-may-become-the- next- great-media-platform-but-can-it-fool-all-fi ve-senses/ (accessed 11 Oct. 2015). Douglas, G.H. (1991), Smart Magazines : 50 years of Literary Revelry and High Jinks at Vanity Fair , the New Yorker , Life , Esquire , and the Smart Set (Hamden, CT: Archon Books). Dunne, M.W. (2013), A Cold War State of Mind : Brainwashing and Postwar American Society (Amherst, MA: University of Massachusetts Press). Eliot, T.S. (1969), The Complete Poems and Plays (London: Faber and Faber). Elsner, Jr., H. (1967) The Technocrats : Prophets of Automation (Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press). English, D.K. (2004), Unnatural Selections : Eugenics in American Modernism and the Harlem Renaissance (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press). English, E. (2014), Lesbian Modernism : Censorship , Sexuality , and Genre Fiction (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press). Epicurus (1926), The Extant Remains , ed. and trans. C. Bailey (Oxford: Clarendon Press). Eordogh, F. (2014), ‘When Porn and Virtual Reality Collide (NSFW)’ Gizmodo (20 Nov.): n.p. Available at http://gizmodo.com/when-porn-and-virtual- reality- collide-nsfw-1660603261 (accessed 11 Oct. 2015). Essid, J. (1993), ‘No God but Electricity: American Literature and Technological Enthusiasm in the Electrical Age, 1893–1939’, unpublished PhD thesis (Indiana University). Ewing, E. (1986), History of Twentieth Century Fashion (Totowa, NJ: Barnes & Noble). BIBLIOGRAPHY 231 Faludi, S. (1991), Backlash : The Undeclared War Against
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  • Improving on Nature: Eugenics in Utopian Fiction

    Improving on Nature: Eugenics in Utopian Fiction

    1 Improving on Nature: Eugenics in Utopian Fiction Submitted by Christina Jane Lake to the University of Exeter as a thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in English, January 2017 This thesis is available for Library use on the understanding that it is copyright materials and that no quotation from the thesis may be published without proper acknowledgement I certify that all material in this thesis which is not my own work has been identified and that no material has previously been submitted and approve for the award of a degree by this or any other university. (Signature)............................................................................................................. 2 3 Abstract There has long been a connection between the concept of utopia as a perfect society and the desire for perfect humans to live in this society. A form of selective breeding takes place in many fictional utopias from Plato’s Republic onwards, but it is only with the naming and promotion of eugenics by Francis Galton in the late nineteenth century that eugenics becomes a consistent and important component of utopian fiction. In my introduction I argue that behind the desire for eugenic fitness within utopias resides a sense that human nature needs improving. Darwin’s Origin of Species (1859) prompted fears of degeneration, and eugenics was seen as a means of restoring purpose and control. Chapter Two examines the impact of Darwin’s ideas on the late nineteenth-century utopia through contrasting the evolutionary fears of Samuel Butler’s Erewhon (1872) with Edward Bellamy’s more positive view of the potential of evolution in Looking Backward (1888).