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Abd'nin Güney Kafkasya Politikasi

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Abd'nin Güney Kafkasya Politikasi T.C ANKARA ÜNİVERSİTESİ SOSYAL BİLİMLER ENSTİTÜSÜ ULUSLARARASI İLİŞKİLER ANABİLİM DALI ABD’NİN GÜNEY KAFKASYA POLİTİKASI (1991-2001) Yüksek Lisans Tezi Elnur Jamilli Ankara-2004 166 T.C ANKARA ÜNİVERSİTESİ SOSYAL BİLİMLER ENSTİTÜSÜ ULUSLARARASI İLİŞKİLER ANABİLİM DALI ABD’NİN GÜNEY KAFKASYA POLİTİKASI (1991-2001) Yüksek Lisans Tezi Elnur Jamilli TEZ DANIŞMANI Prof.Dr. Hasan Köni 167 Ankara-2004 168 İÇİNDEKİLER Giriş .........................................................................................................1 I. BÖLÜM Güney Kafkasya’da Devletlerin Jeostrateji ve Ekonomi Uğruna Rekabeti A. Kafkasya Stratejisi Üzerine.....................................................................................4 B. ABD’nin Güney Kafkasya Politikası......................................................................8 C. Rusya ve Güney Kafkasya....................................................................................13 D. Türkiye ve Güney Kafkasya.................................................................................16 E. İran ve Güney Kafkasya........................................................................................21 F. Çin Halk Cumhuriyeti ve Güney Kafkasya……………………………………....23 II. BÖLÜM AZERBAYCAN -AMERİKA İLİŞKİLERİ(1991-2001) A. Genel Deyerlendirme...........................................................................................26 B. Azerbaycan -Türkiye İlişkileri…........................................................................27 C. Azerbaycan Rusya İlişkileri.................................................................................30 D. Azerbaycan İran İlişkileri.....................................................................................33 E. Azerbaycan-Avrupa İlişkileri...............................................................................36 1- İngiltere..................................................................................................................36 2- Azerbaycan-Fransa................................................................................................37 3- Azerbaycan- Almanya İlişkileri............................................................................38 F. Azerbaycan-ABD İlişkileri....................................................................................38 1- ABD- Azerbaycan İlişkilerinin Tarihi...................................................................38 169 2- Ayaz Mütallibov Döneminde Azerbaycan-ABD İlişkileri....................................41 3- Ebülfez Elçibey Dönemi Azerbaycan–ABD İlişkileri..........................................45 4.-Haydar Aliyev Dönemi Azerbaycan Dış Politikası ve ABD...............................49 5-Azerbaycan’la ABD Arasında Ticari ve Ekonomik İlişkiler: Petrol Anlaşmaları ve Boru Hatları Projeleri............................................................................................62 A. Ekonomik İlişkiler................................................................................................62 B. Petrol ve Doüal Gaz Boru Hatları Projeleri..........................................................68 1. Bakü –Tiflis – Ceyhan Petrol Boru Hattı................................................................68 2. Bakü–Supsa Petrol Boru Hattı................................................................................70 3. Bakü–Novorossiysk Petrol Boru Hattı....................................................................71 4. Bakü–Tiflis–Erzurum Doğal Gaz Boru Hattı.........................................................72 C. Hazar Denizi Statüsü ve ABD...............................................................................73 D. Dağlık Karabağ Sorunu AGİT ve ABD’nin Tutumu............................................78 III. BÖLÜM Gürcistan – ABD İlişkileri(1991-2001) A. Genel Değerlendirme............................................................................................90 B. Genel olarak Gürcistan-Rusya ilişkileri…………….…………………………...92 C. Genel Olarak Gürcistan Türkiye İlişkileri.............................................................94 D.Gürcistan–AB İlişkileri......................................................................................... 96 E. Zviad Gamsahurdia Dönemi Gürcistan’ın ABD’yle Olan İlişkileri.....................98 F. Eduard Şeverdnadze Dönemi Gürcistan’ın Dış Politikası ve ABD’le Olan İlişkileri…………………………………………………………………………….101 1-Şeverdnadze Dış Politikasında Rusya…………………………………………...102 170 2-Şeverdnadze Dış Politikasında Dost Türkiye Anlamı…….……………………..104 3-Gürcistan’ın Komşu Devletler Olan Azerbaycan ve Ermenistan’la İlişkileri……………………………………………………………………….........106 3-1. Ermenistan…………………………….………………...…………………….106 3-2. Azerbaycan………………………….………………………………………...108 4 -Şeverdnadze Yönetiminin ABD’yle Olan İlişkileri………………………….….109 4-1. ABD–Gürcistan Ekonomik ve Ticari İlişkileri…………...…………………...117 G. Abhaziya Sorunu ve Çözüm Yolları………..………………………………….119 H. Acaristan Problemi..............................................................................................122 İ. Güney Osetya Problemi.......................................................................................124 IV. BÖLÜM Ermenistan–ABD İlişkileri(1991-2001) A.1. Sovyetlerin Çöküşü ve Ermenistan’ın Bağımsızlığını İlan Etmesi...…..........127 A.2. Ermenistan – Rusya İlişkileri…………………………………………….….128 A.3. Ermenistan – Türkiye İlişkileri…………………...…………………………130 A.4. Ermenistan – İran İlişkileri………………………………...………………...132 A.5. Ermenistan – ABD İlişkilerinin Tarihi............................................................134 B.1. L. T. Petrosyan Döneminde Ermenistan’ın Dış Politikası...............................135 B.2. Petrosyan Dış PolitikasındaTürkiye.................................................................136 B.3. Petrosyan Dış Politikasında Rusya…………………………………………..138 B.4. Petrosyan Dış Politikasında İran……………………………………………141 171 C. Robert Koçaryan Döneminde Ermenistan Dış Politikası.................................142 C.1. Rusya İle Olan İlişkiler..................................................................................142 C.2. Koçaryan Dönemi Ermenistan-İran İlişkileri.................................................144 C.3. Koçaryan Dönemi Ermenistan-Türkiye İlişkileri...........................................145 D. Petrosyan ve Koçaryan İktidarlarının ABD’yle Olan İlşkileri...........................145 E. Ermenistan’ın İç Ve Dış Politikasında Dağlık Karabağ.....................................151 F. Ermenistan’ın Dış Politikasında Terör ve Soykırım...........................................156 F.1. Terör.................................................................................................................156 F.2. Soykırım...........................................................................................................159 SONUÇ.................................................................................................162 KAYNAKÇA........................................................................................166 ÖZET....................................................................................................178 SUMMARY..........................................................................................180 KISALTMALAR AB : Avrupa Birliği ABD : Amerika Birleşik Devletleri AGİT : Avrupa Güvenlik ve İşbirliği Teşkilatı 172 AGİK :Avrupa Güvenlik ve İşbirliği Komisyonu AHC : Azerbaycan Halk Cephesi AIOC : Azerbaijan International Operating Company AK : Avrupa Komisyonu AKP : Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi AMİP : Azerbaycan Milli İstiklal Partisi AMOCO : American Oil Company BDT : Bağımsız Devler Topluluğu BM : Birleşmiş Milletler BMDHS : Birleşmiş Milletler Deniz Hukuku Sözleşmesi BP : British Petroleum DKÖB : Dağlık Karabağ Özerk Bölgesi ECHO : European Commission Host Organization ECO : Economic Cooperation Organization ECU : European Currency Unit EUH : Ermeni Ulusal Harekatı GIOC : Georgian International Oil Corporation İİC : İran İslam Cumhuriyeti İKÖ : İslam Konferansı Örgütü KEİ : Karadeniz Ekonomik İşbirliği KGB : Komitet Gosudarstvennoy Bezopasnosti (Devlet Güvenlik Komitesi) KİP : Kafkas İstikrar Paktı NATO : North Atlantic Treaty Organization RF : Rusya Federasyonu 173 SOCAR : State Oil Company of Azerbaijan Republic SSCB : Sovyet Sosyalist Cumhuriyetleri Birliği TACIS : Technical Assistance to the Commonwealth of Independent States TPAO : Türkiye Petrolleri Anonim Ortaklığı USCR : United States Committee for Refugees 174 GİRİŞ 1991 yılında SSCB’nin tarih sahnesinden silinmesinin ardından dünya yeni bir yapılanmaya gitti. Eski SSCB mekanında Asya ve Doğu Avrupa’da yeni bağımsız devletler oluşmaya başladı. SSCB’nin dağılmasının ardından onun iki jeostratejik bölgesi olan Baltık ve Kafkasya ülkeleri hızlı bir şekilde bağımsızlığa ve Rusya’dan koparak Batıya entegre yoluna girmiştir. Ama Rusya’nın kendisini SSCB varisi sayması ve çabuk toparlanması Kafkasya’nı kuzeyinin bağımsız olmasını engelledi. Rusya Kuzey Kafkasya’daki bağımsızlık hareketlerini tam kontrolü altına ala bildi. Bu başarı Güney Kafkasya’da verimli olamadı. Güney Kafkasya’da üç bağımsız devlet Azerbaycan, Gürcistan ve Ermenistan Cumhuriyetleri oluştu. Yenice bağımsızlığını kazanan bu üç devletten ikisinin Azerbaycan ve Gürcistan’ın dış politikası daha çok ABD ve Avrupa yönlü olmasıyla seçildi. Ermenistan’ınsa kendine özgür bir dış politikası olmadı ve Rusya’nın etkisinde kendi bağımsızlığını sürdürmeyi kararlaştırdı. Ama zaman-zaman Ermenistan Rusya’nın etkisini azaltmaya ve ABD yanlı
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