Conservación Y Aprovechamiento Sustentable Del Tiburón Ballena a Través Del Ecoturismo En Bahía De Los Ángeles, Baja California

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Conservación Y Aprovechamiento Sustentable Del Tiburón Ballena a Través Del Ecoturismo En Bahía De Los Ángeles, Baja California Conservación y Aprovechamiento Sustentable del Tiburón Ballena a Través del Ecoturismo en Bahía de los Ángeles, Baja California Roberto Enríquez-Andrade, Natalie Rodríguez-Dowdell, Alfredo Zavala-Gonzáles, Nirari Cárdenas-Torres, Abraham Vázquez-Haikin y Carlos Godínez-Reyes Informe Técnico Enero 15 de 2003 Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Dirección Regional en Baja California del Área de Protección de Flora y Fauna -Islas del Golfo de California Contenido CONSERVANDO AL TIBURÓN BALLENA EN BAHÍA DE LOS ÁNGELES, BAJA CALIFORNIA A TRAVÉS DEL ECOTURISMO.................................................................................... 3 ANTECEDENTES Y OBJETIVOS DEL PROYECTO............................................................................................. 3 UBICACIÓN DEL ÁREA DE ESTUDIO ............................................................................................................. 4 LOGROS Y PRODUCTOS PRINCIPALES DEL PROYECTO .................................................................................. 6 RESUMEN DE LAS CONCLUSIONES Y RECOMENDACIONES ........................................................................... 7 AGRADECIMIENTOS .................................................................................................................................. 10 REFERENCIAS ........................................................................................................................................... 10 INFORMACIÓN GENERAL SOBRE EL TIBURÓN BALLENA: HISTORIA NATURAL, PESQUERÍAS, TURISMO, CONSERVACIÓN Y MANEJO ............................................................... 13 PARÁMETROS BIOLÓGICOS ....................................................................................................................... 13 PARÁMETROS POBLACIONALES................................................................................................................. 14 PESQUERÍAS.............................................................................................................................................. 16 TURISMO ASOCIADO AL TIBURÓN BALLENA.............................................................................................. 18 AMENAZAS PRINCIPALES .......................................................................................................................... 20 REFERENCIAS ........................................................................................................................................... 22 ANÁLISIS DE LA DISTRIBUCIÓN Y ABUNDANCIA RELATIVA DEL TIBURÓN BALLENA EN BAHÍA DE LOS ÁNGELES EN EL PERIODO 2001-2002............................................................. 25 INTRODUCCIÓN......................................................................................................................................... 25 OCEANOGRAFÍA DE BAHÍA DE LOS ÁNGELES............................................................................................ 26 MÉTODOS DE ANÁLISIS ............................................................................................................................. 31 RESULTADOS Y DISCUSIÓN ....................................................................................................................... 39 REFERENCIAS ........................................................................................................................................... 52 DIAGNÓSTICO DE LA ACTIVIDAD TURÍSTICA QUE SE REALIZA CON TIBURÓN BALLENA EN BAHÍA DE LOS ÁNGELES........................................................................................... 55 INTRODUCCIÓN......................................................................................................................................... 55 MÉTODOS DE ANÁLISIS ............................................................................................................................. 56 RESULTADOS ............................................................................................................................................ 61 CONCLUSIÓN ............................................................................................................................................ 75 REFERENCIAS ........................................................................................................................................... 76 DIAGNÓSTICO DE LA PESCA RIBEREÑA EN BAHÍA DE LOS ÁNGELES Y SU RELACIÓN CON EL TIBURÓN BALLENA ............................................................................................................... 77 INTRODUCCIÓN......................................................................................................................................... 77 MÉTODO DE ANÁLISIS............................................................................................................................... 78 RESULTADOS Y DISCUSIÓN ....................................................................................................................... 81 REFERENCIAS ........................................................................................................................................... 87 1 RECOMENDACIONES DE MANEJO....................................................................................................89 INTRODUCCIÓN .........................................................................................................................................89 REUNIONES DE TRABAJO Y BÚSQUEDA DE CONSENSO ...............................................................................90 ÁREAS DE MANEJO ...................................................................................................................................90 PERMISOS..................................................................................................................................................90 ESTRATEGIAS............................................................................................................................................96 REFERENCIAS..........................................................................................................................................100 BIBLIOGRAFÍA SELECTA ...................................................................................................................101 INFORMACIÓN GENERAL .........................................................................................................................101 ABUNDANCIA..........................................................................................................................................103 DISTRIBUCIÓN.........................................................................................................................................104 ALIMENTACIÓN.......................................................................................................................................108 ANATOMÍA..............................................................................................................................................109 MORFOLOGÍA..........................................................................................................................................109 REPRODUCCIÓN ......................................................................................................................................110 ASPECTOS BIOLÓGICOS Y ECOLÓGICOS ...................................................................................................111 TIBURÓN BALLENA EN EL MUNDO...........................................................................................................112 CONSERVACION Y MANEJO .....................................................................................................................118 MUESTREOS ............................................................................................................................................119 OBSERVACIONES/AVISTAMIENTOS .........................................................................................................120 ASOCIACIÓN FAUNÍSTICA........................................................................................................................122 USOS.......................................................................................................................................................123 TAXONOMÍA/IDENTIFICACIÓN.................................................................................................................126 TIBURONES EN GENERAL.........................................................................................................................127 LEGISLACIÓN ..........................................................................................................................................130 2 INTRODUCCIÓN CONSERVANDO AL TIBURÓN BALLENA EN BAHÍA DE LOS ÁNGELES, BAJA CALIFORNIA A TRAVÉS DEL ECOTURISMO Antecedentes y objetivos del proyecto En las aguas de Bahía de los Ángeles, en la costa oriental de Baja California, se pueden observar de junio a diciembre enormes tiburones que rivalizan en tamaño con algunas especies de ballena. No obstante su imponente tamaño estos tiburones son criaturas apacibles que no representan riesgo alguno para el hombre. Por su tamaño y forma de alimentación, a este pez se le conoce comúnmente como tiburón ballena. En diversos lugares del mundo, su presencia cerca de las costas ha cobrado gran importancia económica, llegando a generar en algunos casos una industria
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