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Maire R., 1958 ENCYCLOPÉDIE BIOLOGIQUE uv FLORE DE L'AFRIQUE DU NORD par le t Dr René MAIRE VOLUME V ~DITIONS PAUL LECHEVALIER p~."" - Go RUII .,. TOUINON. ta - PAIIII.Y.. UU FLOREDEL'AFRIQUE DUNORD (Maroc, Algérie, Tunisie, Tripolitaine,Cyrénaïqueet Sahara) l'AH LE 1-Dr René MAIRE Membre de l'Institut Professeur à l'Université d'Alger publiée par les soins de Marcel GUINOCHET et Pierre QUÉZEL Professeur à l'Lniversite d'Alg-eJ' .Maître de Conferences il lTnivcrslt c dAlg er PRÉFACE de Louis EMBERGER Correspondant de l'Institut Professeur à l'Université de Montpellier VOLU~'1E V MONOCOTYLEDONAE Liliales : Liliacees 178 figures ÉDITIONS PAUL LECHEVALIEH 12, RUE DE TOURNON, 12 PAHIS (VIe) 1958 LILI~LES (= LILIIFLORAE) ULII~EAE Périanthe homochlamydé ordinairement pétaloïde, très rarement hétérochlamydé. 2 verticilles d'étamines bien développés, ou rarement verticille externe avorté. LILIACEAE Herbes ordinairement 2.1-, bulbeuses ou rhizomateuses, lianes, arbustes ou arbres. Fleurs ordinairement homochlamydées, pétaloïdes, rarement sépaloïdes, très rarement hétérochlamydées, régulières ou légèrement zygomorphes; ordinairement 3 sépales, 3 pétales, 3 + 3 éta­ mines. Styles 3 ou soudés en un seul. Ovaire supère, rarement semi­ infère, triloculaire (rarement 2-4-5-loculaire) à placentation pariétale. Fruit déhiscent ou indéhiscent. Pollen à grains séparés, binucléés. Plantes ordinairement zoophiles. CLÉ DES GENRES. 1. Inflorescences terminales (rarement axillaires et alors fruit capsulaire). Capsule ou baie. .. 2 Inflorescences axillaires. Baies 42 2. Styles 3. Capsule septicide. Tubercule bulbiforme. .. 3 Style 1 ± divisé en 3 branches, ou nul. Capsule loculicide . .. 5 3. Tige courte, portant une inflorescence entièrement épigée au milieu d'une rosette de feuilles. .. Androcymbium Willd. Inflorescence à base hypogée ; feuilles toutes basales ; fleurs à long tube en partie hypogé. Plantes hystéranthiées. .. 4 4. Tépales soudés en tube. .. Colchicum L. Tépales libres, mais rapprochés à la base en un tube . .................................... M erendera Ram. 6 FLORE DE L'AFRIQUE DU NORD 5. Rhizome court ou allongé, ou tige feuillée parfois frutescente ou arborescente. Fleurs en grappes...................... 6 Bulbe ou rarement rhizome court (et alors inflorescence ombelli- forme. .. .. 26 6. Plante jonciforme ; feuilles réduites à des gaines basales. 1-2 fleurs terminales bleues dans un involucre de bractées scarieuses .... ...................................... Aphyllanthes L. Plantes feuillées non jonciformes . .. 7 7. Hampe florale sortant d'un bouquet de feuilles ensiformes char­ nues, ou ensiformes ou cylindriques, charnues-fibreuses, épaisses et dures, persistantes. Tépales connés en tube ± long ................................................... 8 Plantes à feuilles non ensiformes charnues, ni cylindriques ou ensiformes charnues-fibreuses. Tépales libres ou soudés à la base seulement 11 8. Feuilles charnues-fibreuses, ensiformes ou cylindriques, dures et tenaces. Fleurs petites, blanches. Plantes acaules. Inflores- cence terminale Sanseciera Thunb. Feuilles charnues très épaisses; fleurs grandes, jaunes ou rouges. Inflorescences axillaires. Plantes souvent caulescentes. .. 3 9. Tépales connés en tube fortement renflé à la base, libres au som­ met; feuilles ordinairement obtuses, non dentées; étamines < périanthe :............................ Casteria Duval. Tépales connés en tube non ou à peine renflé. Etamines égalant ou dépassant légèrement le périanthe. .. 10 Partie libre des tépales droite, dressée.......... Aloë L. 10. Parties libres des 3 tépales antérieurs arquée, étalée, celles des 3 tépales postérieurs droites, dressées, d'où un périanthe bila­ bié. .. H aworthia Duval. 11. Ovaire semi-infère. Rhizome court ± stolonifère . .............................. Ophiopogon Ker. Gawl. Ovaire supère....................................... 12 12. Capsule à loges 1-2-spermes ; rhizome court ; fleurs bleues. Plante acaule Liriope Lour. Capsule à loges polyspermes (ou 1-2-spermes, mais alors tiges élevées à formations secondaires) ou baie . .. 13 LILIACEAE ï 13. Plantes à tiges dressées frutescentes ou arborescentes, à forma- tions secondaires 14 Plantes à rhizome, sans formations secondaires. .. 18 14. Tépales libres 15 Tépales soudés à la base 17 15. Anthères sagittées; baies à graines noires nombreuses, en 2 ran- gées dans chaque loge Yucca L. Anthères cordiformes, capsule à graines pâles, peu nombreuses ............... .. 16 16. Ovaire l-loculaire à 3 ovules...................... 16 bis Ovaire 3-loculaire à loges 2-ovulées.... Nolina L. C. Rich. 16 bis. Pédoncule articulé immédiatement sous la fleur : tépales denticulés, obtus, Feuilles non sillonnées, planes et épineuses sur les marges, ou tétragones inermes. Panicule spiciforme ... ·..................................... Dasylirion Zucc. Pédoncule articulé un peu au-dessous du sommet ; tépales entiers, aigus. Feuilles un peu sillonnées, à marges lisses ou un peu scabres. Panicule ± lâche, non spiciforme . ·................................... Beaucarnea Lem. 17. Loges de l'ovaire pluriovulées. Pédoncule floral entouré à la base par 3 bractées...................... Cordyline Comm. Loges l-ovulées. Pédoncule floral non entouré de bractées à la base Dracaena Vand. 18. Anthères portant sur le dos une fosse dans laquelle s'insère le filet . .. 19 Anthères à fosse nulle ou à peine marquée. .. 24 19. Etamines insérées sur la base du périanthe. .. 20 Etamines insérées sur la gorge du périanthe 23 20. Filets laineux. Fleurs en panicule irrégulière, non pendantes .. ·..................................... Simethis Kunth. Filets glabres . .. 21 21. Fleurs en épi dense bicolore, pendantes. Kniphojia Moench. Fleurs étalées ou dressées en grappe ou panicule ordinairement lâches, non bicolores . .. 22 22. Tige florifère nue, scapiforme. Fleurs blanches ou roses . ·....................................... Asphodelus L. Tige feuillée, grappe simple assez dense, fleurs jaunes . ·................................. Asphodeline Rchb. 8 FLORE DE L'AFRIQUE DU NORD 23. Périanthe en entonnoir, à tube cylindrique < limbe. Panicule pauciflore. Feuilles tendres étalées < 1 m, linéaires . ...................................... H emerocallis L. Périanthe à divisions ± incurvées et lâchement conniventes, à tube court turbiné. Panicule très rameuse multiflore. Feuilles dressées, ensiformes, > 1 m, tenaces, fibreuses . Phormium Forst. 24. Filets barbus ; anthères dorsifixes ; fleurs jaunes . ...................................... Bulbine Willd. Filets glabres ; anthères basifixes ; fleurs blanches. .. 25 25. Capsule à angles non saillants.......... Anthericum L. Capsule à angles marginés-ailés.... Chlorophytum Ker-Gawl. 26. Fleurs en pseudo-ombelle entourée de spathes. .. 27 Fleurs en grappes allongées ou corymbiformes. .. 30 27. Rhizome court ; grandes fleurs bleues.. Agapanthus L'Hér. Bulbe......... .. 28 28. Périanthe campanulé à tube bien développé.. Brodiaea Sm. Périanthe ± rotacé, ou campanulé, mais sans tube. .. 29 29. Tépales soudés à la base ; capsule à loges polyspermes ; pas d'odeur d'ail. .. Nothoscordon Kunth. Tépales libres; capsule à loges ordinairement dispermes ; plantes presque toujours à odeur d'aiL........... Allium L. 30. Tige florifère aphylle, scapiforme. Inflorescence en grappe.. 31 Tige florifère ± feuillée, simple ou rameuse. Fleurs solitaires ou en grappes .. , . .. 38 Graines plates. Etamines libres ou presque libres. .. 32 Graines arrondies ou anguleuses non aplaties. .. 34 32. Tépales soudés en tube dans leur quart inférieur, les externes étalés, les internes dressés. Périanthe brun, saumon sale ou vert olive. .. Dipcadi Medic. Tépales libres ou à peine soudés à la base, tous étalés à l'anthèse, blancs, rougeâtres, fauve-orangé ou verdâtres. .. 33 33. Tépales 1-nerviés. Filets subulés. Graines ascendantes . ...................................... Urginea Steinh. Tépales 3-nerviés. Filets aplatis jusqu'au sommet. Graines hori- zontales Battandiera Maire. LILIACEAE 9 34. Etamines libres ou à peu près. Tépales soudés au plus jusqu'au quart.. 35 Etamines concrescentes avec le périanthe ± tubuleux. .. 36 35. Filets dilatés et aplatis au moins inférieurement. Tépales blancs. ·................................... Ornithogalum L. Filets filiformes ou un peu ventrus. Tépales bleus ou purpurins .. ·........................................... Scilla L. 36. Tépales soudés presque jusqu'au sommet; périanthe urcéolé .... ·....................................... Muscari Mill. Tépales libres au moins jusqu'au quart. Périanthe campanulé ... .................................................. 37 37. Capsule trigone à angles aigus; périanthe caduc à divisions à peine étalées Belleoalia Lap. Capsule obtusément trigone ; périanthe marcescent à divisions étalées Hyacinthus L. 38. Tige pluriflore; fleurs petites < 2 cm 39 Tige à fleurs peu nombreuses, grandes > 2 cm 40 39. Filets adhérents aux tépales jaunes. Graines ovées-subglobu­ leuses, rarement plates et triangulaires... Gagea Salish. Filets non ou à peine adhérents aux tépales blancs. Graines plates anguleuses. .. Lloydia Salisb. 40. Tige aphylle sauf à la base. Fleur solitaire. Stigmate sessile 3-partite . .. Tulipa L. Tige bien feuillée jusqu'en haut . .. 41 41. Fleurs en grappe lâche ou solitaires, blanches ou vivement colo- rées, dressées ou nutantes. Stigmate 3-fide. Bulbe nu . .... .. , Lilium L. Fleurs solitaires ou 2-3, ± brunes, nutantes. Bulbe tuniqué. Stigmate trigone. .. Fritillaria L. 42. Stigmate très large pelté. Feuilles grandes largement lancéolées,
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