Hawaiian Vascular Plant Updates: a Supplement to the Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawai`I and Hawai`I's Ferns and Fern Allies

Home , Abutilon menziesii, Acacia koaia, Acaena exigua, Achyranthes mutica, Adenophorus, Aechmea bracteata

HAWAIIAN VASCULAR PLANT UPDATES: A SUPPLEMENT TO THE MANUAL OF THE FLOWERING PLANTS OF HAWAI`I AND HAWAI`I'S FERNS AND FERN ALLIES

Version 1.3 [12 April 2012]

Warren L. Wagner Derral R. Herbst Nancy Khan Tim Flynn

INTRODUCTION

The information provided here in compressed tablular form provides updates to the two volume book on flowering plants [Wagner, W. L., D. R. Herbst, and S. H. Sohmer. 1999. Manual of the flowering plants of Hawai`i, revised edition with supplement by Wagner, W. L. and D. R. Herbst. University of Hawaii Press, 1919 pp. in 2 volumes. (Bishop Museum Special Publication 97)], and to the similar volume on ferns [Palmer, D.D. 2003. Hawai`i's Ferns and Fern Allies. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu]. The tables provide all corrections and additions with relevant literature through February 2012.

The intent of this supplement is to summarize the numerous changes published in the Records of the Hawaii Biological Survey and other literature on Hawaiian vascular plants, including other research papers currently in press or soon to be submitted for publication. In a few cases a specialist provided information or identifications (listed as “pers. comm.”) for which there is no current or planned publication. Not all records reported as naturalized have been accepted by us as naturalized as many appear to represent adventive collections and are so noted. Similarly, some taxonomic changes are not always accepted, and if they are not an explanatory statement is given. The information, presented in tabular form, comprises an abbreviated listing of nomenclatural and taxonomic name changes, resurrections of taxa from synonymy, records of naturalized species previously undocumented in the Hawaiian Islands, records for naturalized species previously known only in cultivation or as adventives in the Hawaiian Islands, new island or intraisland range extensions of both naturalized and native species, the rediscovery of species presumed extinct or not collected for many years, and the correct names for plants previously misidentified in Hawaiian literature, particularly in the Manual. Included in the supplement are nomenclatural novelties that have not been published and are in press, submitted, or in late stages of manuscript preparation for publication elsewhere. We do not accept any of them as published here. While we cite the names of unpublished taxa and combinations for completeness, we do not intend to validate any of them here.

In addition to tracking the changes to the flowering plants relative to the publication by Wagner et al. (1999) [Table 1], we are now also including changes for the ferns relative to Palmer’s book on Hawaiian ferns (2003) [Table 2]. We also provide summary of new information on naturalized gymnosperms [Table 3] and changes to the family level classification [Table 4] as presented on the website by Peter F. Stevens (2001) and Mabberley (2008). The Manual used a family delimitation outlined by Cronquist (1981), but given the amount of phylogenetic work, particularly molecular studies since the early 1980s, we have updated the family delimitation to reflect relationships based on this vast amount of new work. We are currently using Stevens’ phylogeny website and Mabberley’s book as comprehensive sources as it covers all families worldwide, provides molecular and other evidence supporting the changes and literature references. Palmer

Page 1 (2003) arranged the Hawaiian ferns alphabetically since at that time there was no universally used family classication of the ferns, but he did assign each genus to an appropriate family in the text, which is what was used on the Flora of the Hawaiian Islands web site. We have made updates to family level classification for the ferns based on Smith et al. (2006). Table 4 shows the family used in the book publications in the first column, the new family classification in the second column, and the genera affected in the third column.

The Table 1, 2 and 3 includes five categories of information:

1. The first column (Page) lists the page number in the Manual where the subject taxon appears, or where it would appear had it been included originally in the Manual. Also included here are the page numbers in italics of any illustrated taxon for which the name has changed. 2. The second column (Taxon) gives the currently accepted scientific name; it may differ from the name used in the Manual. 3. The third column (Type of Record) specifies the kind of record from among the following categories: taxa new to the state; newly naturalized plants previously known only in cultivation; new distributional records; rediscovery of species presumed extinct; new taxa of native plants; taxonomic or nomenclatural changes; resurrection of taxa relegated to synonymy in the Manual; corrected identifications; and changes in distribution status. 4. The fourth column (Citation) provides the author-date citation for the reference in which the information was published. Unpublished sources also are included as these contain more extensive information on nomenclatural or taxonomic changes that the cited authors (in most cases) plan to publish. The entries include both original research literature and literature discussing the changes as they apply to Hawaiian taxa. A list of the literature cited follows the table. 5. The fifth column (Comments) provides brief remarks to clarify the entry or explain its wider implications, or to express our opinion on the new information or proposed change.

Page 2 TABLE 1: Flowering plants upadates

Page Taxon Type of Record Citation Comment 168 Asystasia gangetica new islands (Hawaiì, Oppenheimer & (L.) T. Anderson Lanaì) Bartlett, 2000; Oppenheimer, 2007 168, Barleria cristata L. new islands (West Oppenheimer & 169 Maui, Molokaì) Bartlett, 2002; Starr et al., 2006 170 Barleria repens Nees newly naturalized Staples et al., (Oàhu); new islands 2002; (Lanaì, Maui) Oppenheimer, 2003 170 Ruellia blechum L. taxonomic change for Wagner & B. brownei and new Herbst, 1995; island (Hawaiì); Tripp et al., 2009 taxonomic change for Blechum pyramidatum 169, Dicliptera chinensis new islands (Hawaiì, Staples et al., 170 (L.) Juss. Maui, Molokaì) 2002; Oppenheimer 2003, 2004, 2007 169, Hemigraphis reptans new islands Staples et al., 171 (G. Forst.) T. (Molokaì, East Maui) 2002; Anderson and range extension Oppenheimer et (West Maui) al., 1999; Oppenheimer & Bartlett, 2002 172 Hypoestes newly naturalized Herbst & phyllostachya Backer (Hawaiì) Wagner, 1999 172 Justicia carnea Lindl. newly naturalized Oppenheimer, 2004 172 Justicia spicigera newly naturalized Staples et al., Schltdl. (Oàhu, Molokaì) 2002 172 Megaskepasma newly naturalized Frohlich & Lau, erythrochlamys (Oàhu) 2010 Lindau 172 Odontonema taxonomic change for Lorence et al., cuspidatum (Nees) O. strictum; newly 1995; Staples et Kuntze naturalized (Kauaì, al., 2002; Hawaiì); new island Oppenheimer & (East Maui, Oàhu) Bartlett, 2002; Frohlich & Lau, 2007

Page 3 172 Pseuderanthemum new state (Oàhu); Herbarium misidentified as variable (R. Br.) new island (Kauaì) Pacificum Staff, Pseuderanthemum Radlk. 1998; D. fasciculatum (Oerst.) Wasshausen Leonard in Herbarium (pers. comm., Pacificum Staff paper 1998); Staples et al., 2003 173, Ruellia brittoniana new island (West Oppenheimer & 174 Leonard Maui) Bartlett, 2002 174 Ruellia devosiana newly naturalized Lorence et al., hort. Jacob-Makoy ex (Kauaì) 1995 E. Morren 174 Ruellia brevifolia taxonomic change for Ezcurra, 1993; (Pohl) C. Ezcurra Ruellia graecizans; Oppenheimer, new islands 2003; Starr et al., (Molokaì, East Maui, 2010 Lanaì) 173, Ruellia prostrata new islands Oppenheimer, 174 Poir. (Molokaì, West 2003 Maui) 174 Sanchezia speciosa newly naturalized Lorence et al., author incorrect in Leonard (Kauaì) 1995 Lorence et al. paper 175 Thunbergia alata range extension (West Oppenheimer, Bojer ex Sims Maui); new island 2003; Starr et al., (Lanaì) 2010 175 Thunbergia fragrans new islands Starr et al., 2006, Roxb. (Molokaì, Lanaì) 2010 175 Thunbergia new island (East Starr et al., 2002 grandiflora Roxb. Maui) 175 Thunbergia laurifolia new islands (East Starr et al., 1999; Lindl. Maui, Hawaiì, Oppenheimer, Lanaì) 2003, Starr et al., 2006 176 Sesuvium new island (Midway) Bruegmann, portulacastrum (L.) pers. comm., L. 1998 178 Tetragonia new islands (Midway, Oppenheimer et tetraonioides (Pall.) West Maui, Molokaì, al., 1999; Starr Kuntze Lanaì); range & Martz, 2000; extension (East Maui) Starr et al., 2003, 2006; Oppenheimer, 2010 179 Trianthema new islands (West Herbst & portulacastrum L. Maui, Kauaì) Wagner, 1996; Lorence & Flynn, 2006 179 Celosia argentea L. newly naturalized Oppenheimer, (Hawaiì) 2003 177, Achyranthes aspera new island (Molokaì) Staples et al., 180 L. var. aspera 2002

Page 4 181 Achyranthes mutica rediscovery (Hawaiì) Hawley & Pyle, A. Gray 1995 183 Alternanthera new island (Oàhu) Wagner & East Maui record brasiliana (L.) Herbst, 1995; appears to represent Kuntze Starr & Starr, adventive, not yet 2011 definitively naturalized 183, Alternanthera new islands (Kauaì, Lorence & 184 pungens Kunth Lanaì, West Maui) Flynn,1999; and range extension Oppenheimer & (East Maui) Bartlett, 2002; Oppenheimer & Bartlett, 2000; Starr et al., 2002 184, Alternanthera sessilis new islands (Kauaì, Lorence et al., 185 (L.) DC. Lanaì) 1995; Imada 2007 186 Amaranthus dubius new island (East Starr et al., 2006 Mart. ex Thell. Maui) 188 Amaranthus new state (Oàhu) Herbst et al., graecizans L. 2004 188 Amaranthus new state (Hawaiì) Wagner et al., retroflexus L. 1997 188 Amaranthus lividus L. new island (Midway) Bruegmann, subsp. polygonoides 1999 (Moq.) Probst 184, Amaranthus spinosus new islands (Midway, Starr et al., 2002; 188 L. Lanaì) Oppenheimer, 2003 189 Amaranthus viridis L. new islands (Midway, Hughes, 1995; Laysan, Molokaì) Wagner & Herbst, 1995; Shannon & Wagner, 1996 189 Blutaparon new state (Oàhu) Wagner & vermiculare (L.) Herbst, 1995 Mears 192 Gomphrena new island (Kauaì) Wagner & celosioides Mart. Herbst, 1995 192 Gomphrena globosa new island (Kauaì) Lorence et al., L. 1995 193 Nototrichium new species (Kauaì) Lorence, 1996 Na Pali area only; rare divaricatum Lorence 198 Annona cherimola newly naturalized Staples et al., Mill. (Hawaiì) 2002 198 Annona muricata L. newly naturalized Wysong & (Molokaì) Hughes, 2007 198 Artabotrys newly naturalized Nagata, 1995; hexapetalus (L. f.) (Oàhu, Hawaiì); Starr et al., 2003 Bhandari new island (East Maui)

Page 5 198 Polyalthia suberosa Frohlich & Lau, reported as newly (Roxb.) Thwaites 2010 naturalized on Oàhu, but appears to be only adventive 200 Anethum graveolens new island (Midway) Starr et al., 2002 L. 201, Ciclospermum distribution correction Starr et al., 2003; 202 leptophyllum (Pers.) (Kure) Herbst & Sprague Wagner, 1992 203 Coriandrum sativum new islands (Kauaì, Staples et al., L. East Maui) 2002; Oppenheimer, 2003 203 Cryptotaenia new islands Oppenheimer et canadensis (L.) DC. (Molokaì, Hawaiì) al., 1999 204 Daucus pusillus new island (Kauaì) Lorence et al., Michx. 1995 205, Hydrocotyle new islands (Lanaì, Oppenheimer & 206 bowlesioides Mathias West Maui); range Bartlett, 2002; & Constance extension (East Maui) Starr et al., 2003 208 Peucedanum new island (Oàhu) Herbarium sandwicense Hillebr. Pacificum Staff, 1998 210 Sanicula range extension (West Oppenheimer, sandwicensis A. Gray Maui) 2004 212 Spermolepis rediscovery (Kauaì, Lorence et al., hawaiiensis H. Wolff Lana’i) 1995; Wagner & Herbst, 1995 213 Torilis arvensis new state (Kauaì) Staples et al., (Huds.) Link 2002 214 Alstonia macrophylla newly naturalized Wagner et al., Wall. ex G. Don (Hawaiì) and new 1997; Herbst et island (Oàhu) al., 2004 214 Alyxia stellata (J. R. taxonomic change for Middleton, 2002 Forst. & G. Forst.) Alyxia oliviformis Roem. & Schult. 215, Thevetia peruviana taxonomic change for Starr et al., 2002; an ill-advised change 223 (Pers.) K. Schum. Cascabela thevetia Wysong & made in the Manual not and new islands Hughes, 2007; adopted by specialists (Midway, Molokaì, Oppenheimer, in the family Lanaì) 2011 215 Catharanthus roseus new island (Kauaì) Lorence et al., (L.) G. Don 1995 218 Ochrosia compta K. new island (West Oppenheimer, Schum. Maui) 2006 221 Rauvolfia vomitoria newly naturalized Kennedy et al., Afzel. (Hawaiì) 2010 221 Tabernaemontana Frohlich & Lau, reported as newly pandacaqui Poir. 2010 naturalized on Oàhu, but appears to be only adventive

Page 6 221 Vinca major L. new state (East Maui) Starr et al., 2002 222 Ilex aquifolium L. new island (East Wagner & Maui) Herbst, 1995 222 Ilex cassine L. newly naturalized Imada et al., (Oàhu, Hawaiì) 2000 228 Hedera helix L. new island (East Starr et al., 2003 Maui) 229- Munroidendron, Taxonomic changes Lowery & molecular data show 237 Reynoldsia, and to Polyscias subg. Plunkett, 2010 that Pacific genera all Tetraplasandra Tetraplasandra embedded within Polyscias 229, Polyscias racemosa range extension, Herbst & Munroidendron 230 (C. N. Forbes) Lowry unusual specimen Wagner, 1996; submerged into & G. M. Plunkett (Kauaì); taxonomic Lowery & Polyscias based on change for Plunkett, 2010 molecular data Munroidendron racemosum 230, Polyscias taxonomic change for Lowery & Reynoldsia submerged 231 sandwicensis (A. Reynoldsia Plunkett, 2010 into Polyscias based on Gray) Lowry & G. M sandwicensis molecular data Plunkett 232, Schefflera new island (Molokaì, Staples et al., 239 actinophylla (Endl.) Lanaì) 2002; Harms Oppenheimer, 2007 232 Schefflera arboricola newly naturalized Starr et al., 2003; Oàhu record appears to (Hayata) Hayata (East Maui) Frohlich & Lau, represent adventive, not 2010 yet definitively naturalized 232 Schefflera Frohlich & Lau, reported as newly elegantissima (Veitch 2010 naturalized on Oàhu, ex Mast.) but appears to be only adventive 234 Polyscias resurrection; Flynn, pers. Tetraplasandra bisattenuata (Sherff ) taxonomic change comm.; Lowery submerged into Lowry & G. M. & Plunkett, 2010 Polyscias based on Plunkett molecular data 234 Polyscias flynnii new species (Kauaì); Lowry & Wood, known from only a few (Lowry & K. R. taxonomic change 2000 individuals (Kalalau) Wood) Lowry & G. and endangered; M. Plunkett Tetraplasandra submerged into Polyscias based on molecular data 234 Polyscias taxonomic change Lowery & see note under gymnocarpa Plunkett, 2010 Polyscias flynnii (Hillebr.) Lowry & G. M. Plunkett 234 Polyscias hawaiensis taxonomic change Lowery & see note under (A. Gray) Lowry & Plunkett, 2010 Polyscias flynnii G. M. Plunkett

Page 7 235 Polyscias kavaiensis taxonomic change Lowery & (H. Mann) Lowry & Plunkett, 2010 G. M. Plunkett 235 Polyscias lydgatei resurrection from Motley, 2005; only six individuals (Hillebr.) Lowry & G. synonymy of Lowery & known in SE Koòlau M. Plunkett Tetraplasandra Plunkett, 2010 Mtns, Oàhu; see also oahuensis; taxonomic note under Polyscias change flynnii 230, Polyscias oahuensis taxonomic change Lowery & see note under 235 (A. Gray) Lowry & Plunkett, 2010 Polyscias flynnii G. M. Plunkett 236 Polyscias waialealae taxonomic change Lowery & see note under (Rock) Lowry & G. Plunkett, 2010 Polyscias flynnii M Plunkett 230, Polyscias waimeae taxonomic change Lowery & see note under 236 (Wawra) Lowry & G. Plunkett, 2010 Polyscias flynnii M Plunkett 237 Aristolochia littoralis new islands (Kauaì, Imada et al., Parodi East Maui), range 2000; Starr et al., extension (West 2003; Maui) Oppenheimer, 2007 240 Asclepias physocarpa new island (Molokaì) Oppenheimer, (E. Mey.) Schlechter 2007 240 Calotropis gigantea newly naturalized Starr et al., 2003, Oàhu - adventive, not (L.) W. T. Aiton (Maui) and new 2004; Wysong & yet definitively islands (Kauaì, Hughes, 2007; naturalized Molokaì, Oàhu) Frohlich & Lau, 2008 240 Calotropis procera new islands (Niìhau, Wood & (Aiton) W. T. Aiton Kauaì, Lanaì) LeGrande, 2006; Wood, 2006; Oppenheimer 2008 240 Cryptostegia newly naturalized Frohlich & Lau, madagascariensis (Molokaì); new 2008 Decaisne island (Oàhu) 240 Hoya australis R. Br. newly naturalized Lorence & ex J. Traill (East Maui) Flynn, 1999 241 Stapelia gigantea N. new islands (West Oppenheimer et E. Br. Maui, Molokaì); al., 1999; range extension (East Wysong & Maui) Hughes, 2007; Oppenheimer, 2010 242 Kalimeris indica (L.) taxonomic change for Nagata, 1995; Sch. Bip. subsp. Boltonia indica and Gu & Hoch, indica newly naturalized 1997 (Kauaì)

Page 8 253, Adenostemma taxonomic King & Adenostemma lavenia is 254 viscosum J. R. Forst. change/misidentificati Robinson, 1987 endemic to Sri Lanka & G. Forst. on as A. lavenia while A. viscosum, indigenous in the Hawaiian Isl., is widespread in Pacific region 255 Ageratina riparia new islands (Kauaì, Herbst & (Regel) R. M. King & Lanaì) Wagner, 1996; H. Rob. Oppenheimer & Bartlett, 2002 256 Ageratum new island (East Oppenheimer & houstonianum Mill. Maui) Bartlett, 2000 258 Arctotheca calendula new state (East Maui) Starr & Starr, (L.) Levyns 2011 265 Artemisia vulgaris L. new islands (Maui, Wagner & Lanaì) Herbst, 1995; Oppenheimer, 2004, 2008 266 Symphyotrichum taxonomic change for Nesom, 1994, expansum (Poepp. ex Aster subulatus var. 2000; Sundberg, Spreng.) G. L. Nesom sandwicensis; 2004; Nesom misidentification as 2005 Symphyotrichum squamatum (Spreng.) G. L. Nesom 270 Bidens alba L. var. new islands Hughes, 1995; radiata (Sch. Bip.) (Molokaì, Lanaì) Oppenheimer, Ballard ex Melchert 2007 273 Bidens campylotheca new island (Kauaì) Lorence et al., Sch. Bip. subsp. 1995 campylotheca 273 Bidens campylotheca new populations Lau, 1995 Sch. Bip. subsp. extending range pentamera (Sherff) (West Maui) Ganders & Nagata 274 Bidens cynapiifolia new island (Kauaì) Lorence et al., Kunth 1995 284 Calyptocarpus vialis new islands (Midway, Bruegmann, Less. Kahoòlawe, Hawaiì) 1999; Oppenheimer, 2006, 2007 286 Centaurea cyanus L. newly naturalized Wagner & (Lanaì); new island Herbst, 1995; (Hawaiì) Staples et al., 2003

Page 9 286 Centratherum newly naturalized Lorence et al., punctatum Cass. (Kauaì); new islands 1995; subsp. punctatum (Hawaiì, East Maui, Oppenheimer, Molokaì, Lanaì) 2003; Starr et al., 2004, 2006, 2010 286 Leucanthemum taxonomic change for Bremer & vulgare L. Chrysanthemum Humphries, leucanthemum 1993 286 Tanacetum taxonomic change for Bremer & parthenium (L.) Sch. Chrysanthemum Humphries, Bip. parthenium 1993 287 Cirsium vulgare new island (Niìhau) Wood & (Savi) Ten. LeGrande, 2006 288 Conyza canadensis new islands (Midway, Wagner & (L.) Cronquist var. Kahoòlawe) Herbst, 1995; pusilla (Nutt.) Starr et al., 2006 Cronquist 289 Coreopsis lanceolata new island (West Meidell et al., L. Maui) 1997 289 Cotula australis new islands (Kauaì, Lorence et al., (Sieber ex Spreng.) Lanaì); range 1995; Hook. f. extension (West Oppenheimer, Maui) 2003, 2011 291 Crassocephalum new island (Lanaì) Nagata, 1995; Kahoòlawe - crepidioides (Benth.) Starr & Starr, adventive, not yet S. Moore 2011 definitively naturalized 291 Crepis vesicaria L. new state (Hawaiì) Staples et al., subsp. taraxacifolia 2002 (Thuill.) Thuill. 292 Delairea odorata new island (Lanaì) Starr et al., 2010 Lem. 295 Dubautia carrii B.G. new species Baldwin & Friar, limited to slopes of Baldwin & Friar (Molokaì) for some 2010 Puù Kaèha populations previously treated as Dubautia linearis (Gaudich.) Keck subsp. opposita (Sherff) G. D. Carr inlcuding the type 297 Dubautia taxonomic change for Carr, 1995 D. dolosa is a hybrid of waianapanapaensis D. dolosa Argyroxiphium G. D. Carr sandwicense ssp. macrocephalum × Dubautia menziesii

Page 10 297 Dubautia new species (West Baldwin & Friar, limited to rim of hanaulaensis B.G. Maui) for some 2010 Ukumehame Baldwin & Friar populations previously treated as Dubautia linearis (Gaudich.) Keck subsp. opposita (Sherff) G. D. Carr 298 Dubautia new species (Kauaì) Baldwin & Carr, Kalalau rim only; kalalauensis B.G. 2005 extremely rare and Baldwin & G.D. Carr endangered 298 Dubautia kenwoodii new species (Kauaì); Carr, 1998; Kalalau rim only; G. D. Carr possibly extinct Wood, 2007 extremely rare and (Kauaì) endangered 301 Dubautia laxa Hook. new island (Kauaì) Wood, 2006 & Arnott. subsp. laxa 308 Dubautia syndetica new species (Kauaì) Carr & Lorence, Wahiawa Mts.; rare G. D. Carr & Lorence 1998 308 Dyssodia tenuiloba newly naturalized Starr et al., 2002; (DC.) B. L. Rob. (Oàhu, West Maui); Lorence & new islands (Kauaì, Flynn, 2006; Kahoòlawe, Starr et al., 2006, Molokaì, Lanaì) 2010 306, Eclipta prostrata (L.) name change for E. Wagner & 309 L. alba; new island Herbst, 1995; (Lanaì) Oppenheimer, 2003 306, Elephantopus mollis new island (Lanaì) Oppenheimer & 310 Kunth Bartlett, 2002 310 Pseudelephantopus taxonomic change for Bremer, 1994 spicatus (B. Juss. ex Elephantopus Aubl.) C. F. Baker spicatus and correction of authors 312 Emilia coccinea new island (Kauaì) Imada et al., (Sims) G. Don 2000 312 Emilia sonchifolia new islands (East Wagner et al., (L.) DC. var. Maui, Lanaì) 1997; javanica (Burm. f.) Oppenheimer Mattf. 2008 311, Emilia sonchifolia new island (Hawaiì) Oppenheimer & 312 (L.) DC. var. Bartlett, 2002 sonchifolia 311, Erechtites new island Staples et al., 314 valerianifolia (Wolf) (Kahoòlawe) 2003 DC.

Page 11 314 Erigeron bellioides new populations Nagata, 1995; DC. (Oàhu); range Oppenheimer & extension (West Bartlett, 2000; Maui); new islands Staples et al., (Molokaì, Hawaiì, 2003 Kauaì, Lanaì) Oppenheimer, 2003, 2008 315 Erigeron new island (Molokaì) Hughes, 1995 karvinskianus DC. 315 Eupatorium new state (Hawaiì) Staples et al., capillifolium (Lam.) 2003 J. K. Small 315 Logfia gallica (L.) taxonomic change for Wagner et al., Coss. & Germ. Filago gallica 1997 317 Flaveria trinervia new islands (Kauaì, Lorence et al., (Spreng.) C. Mohr Kahoòlawe, Maui, 1995; Herbst & Kure) Wagner, 1996; Oppenheimer, 2003; Starr et al., 2010 317 Florestina tripteris new state (West Oppenheimer & DC. Maui) Bartlett, 2000 318 Gaillardia pulchella new islands (Kauaì, Lorence et al., Foug. Molokaì) 1995 318, Galinsoga parviflora new islands (Lanaì, Oppenheimer 319 Cav. Molokaì) 2008, 2011 320 Euchiton japonicus new state (Hawaiì) Wagner et al., formerly treated as (Thunb.) A. Anderb. and new island (East 1997; Staples et species of Gnaphalium, Maui) al., 2002 but those Hawaiian plants referred to it misidentified 320 Euchiton sphaericus misidentification as Wagner et al., (Willd.) A. Anderb. Gnaphalium 1997 japonicum 320 Gamochaeta newly naturalized Alford, americana (Mill.) (Maui) submitted Weddell 321 Gamochaeta newly naturalized Alford, argyrinea G. L. (Hawaiì, Maui, submitted Nesom Oàhu) 319, Gamochaeta newly naturalized Alford, removal from 321 pensylvanica (Willd.) (Hawaiì, submitted synonymy of G. Cabrera Kahoòlawe, Kauaì, purpurea, illustration Lanaì, Maui, mislabeled - image Molokaì, Molokini represents G. Islet, Oàhu) pensylvanica 319, Gamochaeta taxonomic change; Wagner et al., formerly treated as 321 purpurea (L.) Cabrera new island (Niìhau); 1997; Wood & species of Gnaphalium new circumscription LeGrande, 2006; (Hawaiì, Maui, Alford, Molokaì and Oàhu) submitted

Page 12 321 Gamochaeta newly naturalized Alford, simplicicaulis (Willd. (Molokaì) submitted ex Spreng.) Cabrera 351 Pseudognaphalium new state (Hawaii) Nesom, 2001; status of this species in attenuatum (DC.) A. Herbst et al., Hawaii should be Anderb. 2004 verified 319, Pseudognaphalium taxonomic change Wagner et al., formerly treated as 321 sandwicensium and new varietal 1997 species of Gnaphalium (Gaudich.) A. combinations Anderb. var. hawaiiense (O. Deg. & Sherff) W. L. Wagner; var. kilaueanum (O. Deg. & Sherff) W. L. Wagner; var. molokaiense (O. Deg. & Sherff) W. L. Wagner; and var. sandwicensium 323 Hesperomannia A. new tribal placement Kim et al., 1996; based on ndhF Gray from Mutisieae to Kim et al., 1998 sequence data Vernonieae 325 Hesperomannia new island (West Herbarium arborescens A. Gray Maui) Pacificum Staff, 1999 324, Heterotheca new island (Molokaì) Oppenheimer, 326 grandiflora Nutt. 2010 327 Hypochoeris glabra new islands (Lehua, Herbst & L. Lanaì) Wagner, 1996; Staples et al., 2003 327 Hypochoeris radicata new islands (Oàhu, Staples et al., L. Niìhau) 2002; Wood & LeGrande, 2006 327 Lactuca sativa L. taxonomic change for Koopman et. al. L. serriola; new 2001; Wagner & islands (Kauaì, Herbst, 1995; Molokaì, Oppenheimer, Kahoòlawe) 2003; Starr et al., 2006

Page 13 328, Keysseria erici taxonomic change for Nesom, 2000, Nesom demonstrates 329 Lagenophora erici 2001; Nicolson the differences between 1996 Lagenophora (nom. cons.) vs. Keysseria, a genus of 12 spp. of Hawaiian Islands, New Guinea, Celebes, and Borneo. He further places the Hawaiian species in the endemic sect. Sandwicatis Nesom 330 Keysseria helenae taxonomic change for Nesom, 2000, see comment for L. Lagenophora helenae 2001; Nicolson erici 1996 330 Keysseria maviensis taxonomic change for Nesom, 2000, see comment for L. Lagenophora 2001; Nicolson erici maviensis 1996 334 Lipochaeta connata taxonomic change for Wagner & (Gaudich.) DC. subsp. L. connata var. acris Robinson, 2001 acris (Sherff) W. L. Wagner & H. Rob. 334 Melanthera bryanii taxonomic change Wagner & taxa of Lipochaeta sect. (Sherff) W. L. Robinson, 2001 Aphanopappus do not Wagner & H. Rob. differ from Melanthera, presumably sharing direct ancestry, and were transferred to it; allopolyploid species of Lipochaeta remain in a more narrowly delimited endemic genus Lipochaeta 335, Melanthera fauriei taxonomic change Wagner & see comment under 336 (H. Lév.) W. L. Robinson, 2001 Melanthera bryanii Wagner & H. Rob. 336 Melanthera taxonomic change Wagner & see comment under integrifolia (Nutt.) W. Robinson, 2001 Melanthera bryanii L. Wagner & H. Rob. 337 Lipochaeta lobata taxonomic change for Wagner & (Gaudich.) DC. subsp. L. lobata var. Robinson, 2001 leptophylla (O. Deg. leptophylla & Sherff) W. L. Wagner & H. Rob. 337 Melanthera taxonomic change Wagner & see comment under kamolensis (O. Deg. Robinson, 2001 Melanthera bryanii & Sherff) W. L. Wagner & H. Rob. 335, Melanthera lavarum taxonomic change Wagner & see comment under 337 (Gaudich.) W. L. Robinson, 2001 Melanthera bryanii Wagner & H. Rob.

Page 14 338, Melanthera taxonomic change Wagner & see comment under 339 micrantha (Nutt.) W. Robinson, 2001 Melanthera bryanii L. Wagner & H. Rob. subsp. micrantha; and subsp. exigua (O. Deg. & Sherff) W. L. Wagner & H. Rob. 340 Melanthera biflora Lipochaeta ovata is a Wagner & type collected by (L.) DC. new synonym of the Robinson, 2001 Anderson was probably widespread Pacific collected in eastern species Polynesia, thus M. biflora is not part of indigenous Hawaiian flora 340 Melanthera perdita taxonomic change Wagner & see comment under (Sherff) W. L. Robinson, 2001 Melanthera bryanii Wagner & H. Rob. 339, Melanthera remyi (A. taxonomic change Wagner & see comment under 340 Gray) W. L. Wagner Robinson, 2001 Melanthera bryanii & H. Rob. 341 Melanthera taxonomic change Wagner & see comment under populifolia (Sherff) and resurrection from Robinson, 2001 Melanthera bryanii; W. L. Wagner & H. synonymy of extinct Rob. Lipochaeta subcordata 341, Melanthera taxonomic change Wagner & see comment under 342 subcordata (A. Gray) Robinson, 2001 Melanthera bryanii W. L. Wagner & H. Rob. 342, Melanthera tenuifolia taxonomic change Wagner & see comment under 343 (A. Gray) W. L. Robinson, 2001 Melanthera bryanii Wagner & H. Rob. 343 Melanthera tenuis (O. taxonomic change Wagner & see comment under Deg. & Sherff) W. L. Robinson, 2001 Melanthera bryanii Wagner & H. Rob. 342, Melanthera venosa taxonomic change Wagner & see comment under 344 (Sherff) W. L. Robinson, 2001 Melanthera bryanii Wagner & H. Rob. 344 Melanthera taxonomic change Wagner & see comment under waimeaensis (H. St. Robinson, 2001 Melanthera bryanii John) W. L. Wagner & H. Rob. 345 Montanoa hibiscifolia new island Starr & Starr, (Benth.) Standl. (Kahoòlawe) 2011 346 Palafoxia new island (West Oppenheimer & callosa (Nutt.) Torr. Maui) Bartlett, 2000 & A. Gray 347 Parthenium new island (Oàhu) Wagner & hysterophorus L. Herbst, 1995 348, Picris hieracioides L. new island (Molokaì) Oppenheimer 350 2008

Page 15 349 Perityle emoryi Torr. new state Starr et al., 2010 (Kahoòlawe) 350 Pluchea xfosbergii new islands (Niìhau, Wood & Cooperr. & Galang Kahoòlawe) LeGrande, 2006, Starr et al., 2006 348, Pluchea indica (L.) new island (Hawaiì) Oppenheimer & 351 Less. Bartlett, 2002 351 Pluchea carolinensis nomenclatural name Wagner & (Jacq.) G. Don change for P. Herbst, 1995 symphytifolia 352 Reichardia picroides new island (Molokaì) Shannon & (L.) Roth Wagner, 1996 354, Delairea odorata taxonomic change for Jeffrey, 1992; treatment in a 356 Lem. Senecio mikanioides Bremer, 1994; monotypic genus has Green, 1994a recently gained wider acceptance 356 Senecio new state (Kauaì, Lorence et al., madagascariensis Hawaiì); new islands 1995; Starr et al., Poir. (Maui, Oàhu, Lanaì, 1999; Kahoòlawe) Oppenheimer & Bartlett, 2002; Herbst et al., 2004; Starr et al., 2006 357 Soliva sessilis Ruiz & new state (Hawaiì) Wagner & Pav. Herbst, 1995 357 Sigesbecia orientalis new islands (Niìhau, Wood, 2007; L. Lanaì) Oppenheimer, 2007 358 Sonchus oleraceus L. new island (Niìhau) Herbarium Pacificum Staff, 1996 359, Synedrella nodiflora new island (Lanaì) Oppenheimer, 360 (L.) Gaertn. 2007 360 Tagetes erecta L. newly naturalized Kennedy, 2010 (Oàhu) 359, Taraxacum officinale new island (Molokaì) Oppenheimer, 361 W. W. Weber ex F. 2003 H. Wigg. 363 Tetramolopium rediscovery (West Herbst & capillare (Gaudich.) Maui) Wagner, 1996 H. St. John 371, Verbesina encelioides new island (Pearl and Starr et al., 2002 372 (Cav.) Benth. & Hermes) Hook. 371, Cyanthillium taxonomic change for Wagner et al., 373 cinereum (L.) H. Rob. Vernonia cinerea 1997

Page 16 373, Sphagneticola taxonomic change for Wagner et al., 374 trilobata (L.) Pruski Wedelia trilobata and 1997; new islands (Maui, Oppenheimer & Hawaiì, Molokaì, Bartlett, 2002; Lanaì) Imada et al., 2000; Oppenheimer, 2007 379 Zinnia palmeri A. maintain taxonomic Strother, 1978; Strother’s study was Gray recognition for Z. Staples et al., more detailed palmeri vs. Z. 2002 examination of problem maritima Kunth than McVaugh’s cited by Staples et al.; also chromosome numbers differ 379, Zinnia peruviana (L.) new islands Staples et al., 378 L. (Molokaì, Hawaiì) 2002 380 Impatiens sodenii taxonomic change for Grey-Wilson, Engl. & Warb. ex Impatiens oliveri; 1982; Engl. new island (East Oppenheimer, Maui) 2003 381 Anredera cordifolia new island (Lanaì) Nagata, 1995 (Ten.) Steenis 381 Basella alba L. newly naturalized Nagata, 1995; (Oàhu) and new Bruegmann, island (Midway) pers. comm., 1998 383 Begonia cucullata newly naturalized Lorence et al., Willd. (Kauaì, Hawaiì) 1995 383 Begonia foliosa new island (Oàhu) Imada, 2007 Kunth 383 Begonia fusca Liebm. newly naturalized Miller & Staples, (Kauaì, Oàhu) 2003 383 Begonia hirtella Link new island (Kauaì) Lorence et al., and range extension 1995; (West Maui) Oppenheimer 2004 384 Begonia reniformis new island (Oàhu) Herbst & Dryand. Wagner, 1996 386 Alnus nepalensis D. newly naturalized Wysong & Don (Molokaì) Hughes, 2007 387 Jacaranda new island (Lanaì) Oppenheimer mimosifolia D. Don 2008 388 Macfadyena unguis- new islands (West Oppenheimer & cati (L.) A. H. Gentry Maui, Hawaiì) and Bartlett, 2000; range extension Imada et al., (Hawaiì) 2000; Starr et al., 2002 388 Podranea ricasoliana newly naturalized Starr et al., 2004 (Tanfani) Sprague (East Maui)

Page 17 388 Radermachera sinica Frohlich & Lau, reported as newly (Hance) Hemsl. 2008 naturalized on Oàhu, but appears to be only adventive 388 Spathodea new island (Lanaì) Oppenheimer, campanulata P. 2007 Beauv. 388 Tabebuia aurea newly naturalized Frohlich & Lau, Benth. & Hook. f. ex (Oàhu) 2010 S. Moore 388 Tabebuia newly naturalized Oppenheimer, heterophylla (DC.) (West Maui) and 2003, 2004 Britton range extension (Oàhu) 388 Tabebuia rosea newly naturalized Frohlich & Lau, (Bertol.) DC. (Oàhu) 2010 389 Tecoma castanifolia newly naturalized Herbarium (Don) Melch. (Oàhu) Pacificum Staff, 1998 392 Carmona retusa newly naturalized Lorence et al., (Vahl) Masam. (Kauaì, West Maui); 1995; Starr et al., range extension (East 2003, 2006 Maui), new island (Molokaì) 392 Cordia dichotoma G. newly naturalized Herbarium Forst. (Oàhu) Pacificum Staff, 1996 392 Cordia subcordata distribution status Burney et al., based on subfossil Lam. change to indigenous; 2001; seeds new island (Molokaì) Oppenheimer, 2007 393, Cynoglossum amabile new island (East Oppenheimer, 394 Stapf. & J. R. Maui) 2010 Drumm. 396 Heliotropium new island (Kauaì) Herbst & procumbens Mill. var. Wagner, 1999 depressum (Cham.) Fosberg 396 Myosotis azorica H. newly naturalized Starr et al., 2008 C Watson (East Maui) 400, Brassica rapa L. taxonomic change for Wagner & 401 B. campestris; new Herbst, 1995; Al- island (East Maui) Shehbaz, 1985; and range extension Oppenheimer & (West Maui) Bartlett, 2002 400, Brassica nigra (L.) distribution correction Starr et al., 2003; 401 W. D. J. Koch (Midway) Apfelbaum et al., 1983; Bruegmann, 1998

Page 18 401, Capsella bursa- taxonomic change for Wagner & 402 pastoris (L.) Medik. C. rubella and new Herbst, 1995; island (Midway) Herbst & Wagner, 1996 402 Cardamine flexuosa new islands Hughes, 1995; With. (Molokaì, Lanaì) Oppenheimer, 2003 403, Coronopus didymus new island (Laysan) Staples et al., 404 (L.) Sm. 2003 401, Hirschfeldia incana new state (East Maui, Lorence et al., the illustration in Plate 405 (L.) Lagr.-Foss. Hawaiì) and 1995 43 (p. 401) labelled misidentification as Brassica nigra is Brassica nigra pro actually Hirschfeldia parte incana as two of the misidentified specimens were used to prepare it 407 Lepidium densiflorum new island (West Oppenheimer, Schrad. Maui) 2004 406 Lepidium remyi taxonomic change for Wagner, unpubl. Drake L. bidentatum var. remyi 407, Lepidium africanum misidentification as L. Wagner & 408 (Burm. f.) DC. hyssopifolium; new Herbst, 1995; islands (Maui, Kauaì, Oppenheimer, Oàhu) 2003; Wood, 2006; Frohlich & Lau, 2010 407, Lepidium oblongum new islands (Kauaì, Lorence et al., 408 Small Maui) 1995; Starr et al., 2006 408, Lepidium orbiculare resurrection from St. John, 1981; known only from 409 H. St. John synonymy of L. serra Wagner, unpubl. Haùpu 409 Lepidium virginicum new islands (Kauaì, Lorence et al., L. Lanaì); distribution 1995; Starr et al., correction (Kure) 2003; Herbst & Wagner, 1992; Woodward, 1972; Oppenheimer, 2010 409 Lobularia maritima new islands (Oàhu, Wagner & (L.) Desv. Molokaì, Hawaiì) Herbst, 1995; Lorence et al., 1995; Oppenheimer, 2003

Page 19 411 Nasturtium name changes, first Wagner & new molecular results microphyllum Boenn. from Nasturtium Herbst, 1995; Al- show the aquatic ex Rchb. microphyllum to Shehbaz & Price, species with hollow Rorippa microphylla 1998; Wysong & stems sometimes then, with new data, Hughes, 2007 placed in Nasturtium back to Nasturtium, are more closely related new island (Molokaì) to Cardamine than Rorippa where they are often placed 410, Rorippa sarmentosa Taxonomic change Wagner & 411 (G. Forst. ex DC.) J. from Nasturtium Herbst, 1995; Al- F. Macbr. sarmentosum Shehbaz & Price, 1998 412 Raphanus newly naturalized Staples et al., raphanistrum L. (Kauaì, Oàhu, 2003 Molokaì, East Maui, Hawaiì) 412 Rapistrum rugosum new state (Kauaì) Lorence et al., (L.) All. 1995 412 Sinapis arvensis L. new state (Molokaì) Herbarium based on a single Pacificum Staff, specimen misidentified 1998 as Brassica campestris 413, Sisymbrium new island (Molokaì) Wysong & 414 altissimum L. Hughes, 2007 413, Sysymbrium officinale new island (Oàhu) Frohlich & Lau, 414 (L.) Scop. var. 2008 officinale 414, Buddleja asiatica new islands (Lanaì, Oppenheimer & 415 Lour. Kauaì); spelling Bartlett, 2002; correction Wood, 2006 415 Buddleja davidii newly naturalized Shannon & spelling in Manual Franch. (Kauaì); new island Wagner, 1996; incorrect. Spelled (East Maui); spelling Starr et al., 2003 Buddleja by Linneaus correction when originally published. 416 Buddleja new islands (Kauaì, Lorence & madagascariensis East Maui); spelling Flynn, 1999; Lam. correction Oppenheimer & Bartlett, 2000 417 Acanthocereus newly naturalized Lorence et al., tetragonus (L.) (Kauaì) 1995 Hummelinck 417 Cereus uruguayaanus new island (East Oppenheimer Ritter ex R. Kiesling Maui) 2008 418 Harrisia bonplandii newly naturalized Lorence et al., (Parm. ex Pfeiff.) (Kauaì) 1995 Britton & Rose 418 Hylocereus newly naturalized Lorence et al., costaricensis (F. A. (Kauaì) 1995 C. Weber) Britton & Rose

Page 20 419 Opuntia new island (West Oppenheimer, chochenillifera (L.) Maui) 2004 Mill. 419 Opuntia ficus-indica new islands Hughes, 1995; (L.) Mill. (Molokaì, Lanaì) Oppenheimer & Bartlett, 2002 420 Opuntia monacantha nomenclatural change Staples et al., (Willd.) Haw. 2002 420 Selenicereus newly naturalized Lorence et al., Lorence et al. reported macdonaldiae (Kauaì) 1995; G. Staples as Selenicereus (Hook.) Britton & & D. Herbst, grandiflorus (L.) Rose pers. comm., Britton & Rose, a 1998 misidentification 426 Clermontia resurrection from Lammers, 1991 arborescens (H. synonymy of C. Mann) Hillebr. subsp. arborescens subsp. waikoluensis (H. St. waihiae and new John) Lammers status and combination 430 Clermontia new subspecies (East Lammers, 1991; grandiflora Gaudich. Maui); rediscovery Wood, in press subsp. maxima Lammers 435 Clermontia peleana resurrection from Lammers, 1991 C. peleana is listed Rock subsp. synonymy of C. endangered (E*), but singuliflora (Rock) peleana and new subsp. singuliflora is Lammers status and extinct combination 446, Cyanea floribunda E. correct name for the Lammers, the type of C. 447 Wimm. plants treated as C. unpubl. degeneriana becomes a degeneriana synonym of C. hirtella 448 Cyanea dolichopoda new species (Kauaì) Lammers & “Blue Hole,” N fork of Lammers & Lorence Lorence, 1993 Wailua River only and possibly extinct 448 Cyanea dunbariae rediscovery Hughes, 1995; Rock (Molokaì) and Lammers, pers. spelling correction comm., 1997 448 Cyanea duvalliorum new species (East Lammers, 2004 Lammers & H. Maui) Oppenh. 448 Cyanea eleeleensis new species (Kauaì) St. John, 1987a; described as a species (H. St. John) and new combination; Lammers, 1992; of Delissea; extremely Lammers possibly extinct Wood, in press rare and endangered 448 Cyanea fauriei placed into synonymy Lammers, 2004 with C. coriacea

Page 21 451 Cyanea cylindrocalyx new combination and Lammers, 1998 Cyanea grimesiana (Rock) Lammers status for C. newly delimited to grimesiana subsp. include populations cylindrocalyx from Oàhu and (Hawaiì) Molokaì; those on Oàhu subdivided into 2 subspecies: grimesiana and obatae 451 Cyanea mauiensis resurrection from Lammers, 1998 Maui populations only; (Rock) Lammers synonymy of C. see note under C. grimesiana subsp. cylindrocalyx grimesiana and new combination 451 Cyanea munroi resurrection from Lammers, 1998 some Molokaì and all (Hosaka) Lammers synonymy of C. Lanaì populations; see grimesiana subsp. note under C. grimesiana and new cylindrocalyx combination 452 Cyanea habenata (H. new species and new St. John, 1987a described as a species St. John) Lammers combination (Kauaì) of Delissea; extremely rare and endangered 453 Cyanea kolekoleensis new species (Kauaì) St. John, 1987a; described as a species (H. St. John) and new combination; Lammers, 1992; of Delissea; rare Lammers possibly extinct Wood, in press 453 Cyanea kuhihewa new species (Kauaì); Lammers, 1996; Limahuli Valley only; Lammers possibly extinct Wood, 2007 extremely rare and (Kauaì) endangered 454 Cyanea lobata H. resurrection of C. Lammers, 1999; Mann subsp. lobata; baldwinii from Wood, 2007 and subsp. baldwinii synonymy of C. (C. N. Forbes & G. C. lobata, but with Munro) Lammers recognition at subspecies level; rediscovery (Lanaì) 456 Cyanea magnicalyx new species (West Lammers, 2004 Lammers Maui) 457 Cyanea maritae new species (East Lammers, 2004 Lammers & H. Maui) Oppenh. 458 Cyanea minutiflora new species (Kauaì) Lammers, 2004 known only from the Lammers type material 460 Cyanea procera rediscovery Hughes, 1995 Hillebr. (Molokaì) 461 Cyanea profuga C. N. rediscovery Wood, 2007 Forbes (Molokaì) 461 Cyanea pseudofauriei new species (Kauaì) Lammers, 2004 Lammers 461 Cyanea recta rediscovery (Kauaì) Lorence et al., (Wawra) Hillebr. 1995

Page 22 461 Cyanea salicina H. resurrection from Lammers, Cyanea recta is Lév. synonymy of C. recta unpubl. restricted to Makaleha for plants from NE Mts., Powerline Trail, Kauaì and Waiòli Valley 464 Cyanea kahiliensis new status and new St. John, 1987a; described as a species (H. St. John) combination for Lammers, 1998 of Delissea Lammers plants treated as C. spathulata subsp. longipetiolata 466 Cyanea remyi Rock resurrection from note Lammers & under C. truncata Lorence, 1993 467 Cyanea undulata C. rediscovery (Kauaì) Lorence et al., N. Forbes 1995 468 Delissea fauriei H. L resurrection from Lammers, 2005 év. synonymy of Clermontia arborescens subsp. waikoluensis 469 Cyanea rivularis rediscovery (Kauaì); Lorence et al., Rock taxonomic change for 1995; Lammers, Delissea rivularis 2005 471 Delissea resurrection from Lammers, 2005 endemic to leeward argutidentata (E. synonymy of D. Hawaiì Wimmer) H. St. John undulata 471 Delissea lanaiensis taxonomic change Lammers, 1998 (Rock) Lammers elevating D. sinuata subsp. lanaiensis to species 470, Delissea niihauensis taxonomic change for Lammers, 1999 471 H. St. John subsp. two of the three taxa niihauensis; and D. n. included in D. subsp. kauaiensis undulata separating (Lammers) Lammers them to a separate species 471 Delissea kauaiensis further taxonomic Lammers, 2005 endemic to Kauaì (Lammers) Lammers change elevating D. niihauensis subsp. kauaiensis to species rank 471 Delissea niihauensis further taxonomic Lammers, 2005 endemic to Niìhau H. St. John change elevating D. niihauensis subsp. niihauensis to species rank 471 Delissea subcordata change in distribution Lammers, 2005 endemic only to the Gaudichaud subsp. status due to Koòlau Mts of Oàhu subcordata redivision of species characters

Page 23 471 Delissea subcordata resurrection and new Lammers, 2005 Gaudichaud subsp. status obtusifolia (Wawra) Lammers 471 Delissea takeuchii new species (Oàhu) Lammers, 2005 endemic to the Lammers Waiànae Mts of Oàhu 471 Delissea undulata taxonomic change to Lammers, 2005 endemic to West Maui Gaudichaud narrower delimitation of species 472 Delissea new species (Oàhu) Lammers, 2005 endemic to the waianaeensis Waiànae Mts of Oàhu Lammers 473 Hawaiian Lobelia needed taxonomic T. J. Givnish, recent molecular data change: transfer pers. comm., show native Hawaiian endemic species of 1998 Campanulaceae arose Lobelia to Galeatella from a single ancestor, and Neowimmeria thus no Hawaiian species should be included in Lobelia 476 Lobelia gloria-montis taxonomic change Lammers, 2007 two subspecies Rock subsp. gloria- (subsp. designation) recognized montis 476 Lobelia gloria-montis taxonomic change Lammers, 2007 two subspecies subsp. longibracteata (subsp. designation) recognized (Rock) Lammers 476 Lobelia koolauensis taxonomic change for Lammers, 2007 elevated to specific (Hosaka & Fosberg) L. gaudichaudii var. rank Lammers koolauensis to species status 477 Lobelia hillebrandii new island (Molokaì) Lorence et al., Rock 1995 478 Lobelia kauaiensis new species (Kauaì) Lammers, 2007 recognized by Lammers (A. Gray)A. Heller as a nothotaxon hybrid of L. villosa and L. wahiawa 478 Lobelia niihauensis new synonym: Herbst, unpubl. H. St. John Neowimmera niihauensis var. forbesii (H. St. John) O. Deg. & I. Deg. 480 Lobelia wahiawa new species (Kauaì) Lammers, 2007 distinct from L. Lammers kauaensis 481 Cyanea crispa taxonomic change Lammers et al., Rollandia no longer (Gaudich.) Lammers, 1993 recognized as distinct Givnish & Sytsma from Cyanea 481, Cyanea koolauensis taxonomic change for Lammers et al., Rollandia no longer 482 Lammers, Givnish & Rollandia angustifolia 1993 recognized as distinct Sytsma from Cyanea 482, Cyanea humboldtiana taxonomic change Lammers et al., Rollandia no longer 483 (Gaudich.) Lammers, 1993 recognized as distinct Givnish & Sytsma from Cyanea

Page 24 482, Cyanea calycina taxonomic changes; Lammers et al., Rollandia no longer 483 (Cham.) Lammers in 1993 transferred to 1993; Lammers, recognized as distinct [Cyanea lanceolata Cyanea using same 1998 from Cyanea (Gaudich.) Lammers, taxonomy as Givnish & Sytsma Lammers (1990), then subsp. calycina in 1998 the (Cham.) Lammers, subspecies were Givnish & Sytsma ] raised to specific rank 483 Cyanea lanceolata see Cyanea calycina Lammers et al., Rollandia no longer (Gaudich.) Lammers, entry 1993; Lammers, recognized as distinct Givnish & Sytsma 1998 from Cyanea [Cyanea lanceolata (Gaudich.) Lammers, Givnish & Sytsma subsp. lanceolata] 484 Cyanea longiflora taxonomic change Lammers et al., Rollandia no longer (Wawra) Lammers, 1993 recognized as distinct Givnish & Sytsma from Cyanea 484 Cyanea sessilifolia resurrection from Lammers, 1998 Rollandia no longer (O. Deg.) Lammers synonymy of recognized as distinct Rollandia longiflora from Cyanea and taxonomic change 484 Cyanea parvifolia (C. taxonomic change Lammers et al., Rollandia no longer N. Forbes) Lammers, 1993 recognized as distinct Givnish & Sytsma from Cyanea 484 Cyanea taxonomic change Lammers et al., Rollandia no longer purpurellifolia (Rock) 1993 recognized as distinct Lammers, Givnish & from Cyanea Sytsma 482, Cyanea st.-johnii taxonomic change Lammers et al., Rollandia no longer 484 (Hosaka) Lammers, 1993 recognized as distinct Givnish & Sytsma from Cyanea 486 Trematolobelia resurrected from Lammers, 2009 auriculata H. St. John synonymy of T. macrostachys 486 Trematolobelia resurrected from Lammers, 2009 elevated to specific kaalae (O. Deg.) synonymy of T. rank Lammers macrostachys and taxonomic change 488 Trematolobelia rockii resurrected from Lammers, 2009 H. St. John synonymy of T. macrostachys 488 Trematolobelia resurrected from Lammers, 2009 wimmeri O. Deg.& I. synonymy of T. Deg. grandifolia & macrostachys

Page 25 489 Wahlenbergia new state (Hawaiì); Herbst et al., re-examination of marginata (Thunb.) new island (East 2004; Hawaiian material A. DC Maui) Oppenheimer, revealed two distinct 2008 species with W. marginata restricted to the island of Hawaiì 491, Lonicera japonica new islands (East Starr et al., 2002; 494 Thunb. Maui, Oàhu) Frohlich & Lau, 2008 495, Sambucus mexicana range extension (West Oppenheimer & 496 C. Presl ex DC. Maui) Bartlett, 2002 497 Carica papaya L. new islands (Maui, Oppenheimer & Lanaì, Oàhu) Bartlett, 2000; Oppenheimer, 2010, 2011 500 Schiedea lychnoides taxonomic change for Wagner, Weller, Alsinidendron no Hillebr. Alsinidendron & Sakai,2005 longer recognized as lychnoides (Hillebr.) distinct from Schiedea Sherff 501 Schiedea obovata taxonomic change for Wagner, Weller, see comment for (Sherff) W. L. Alsinidendron & Sakai, 2005 Schiedea lychnoides Wagner & Weller obovatum 501 Schiedea trinervis (H. taxonomic change for Wagner, Weller, see comment for Mann) Pax & K. Alsinidendron & Sakai, 2005 Schiedea lychnoides Hoffm. trinerve 501 Schiedea viscosa H. taxonomic change for Wagner, Weller, see comment for Mann Alsinidendron & Sakai, 2005; Schiedea lychnoides vicosum (H. Mann) Lorence et al., Sherff; and 1995 rediscovery (Kauaì) 503 Cerastium newly naturalized Starr et al., 2004 identification glomeratum Thuill. (East Maui) confirmed based on F. Starr images by R. Rabeler (MICH) in 2012 504, Drymaria cordata new island (Lanaì) Oppenheimer, 505 (L.) Willd. ex Roem. 2007 506 Sagina japonica (Sw.) newly naturalized Starr et al., 2003 reported as new island Ohwi (Midway) record 508 Sagina procumbens new state (Lanaì and Oppenheimer, L. Maui) 2003 511 Schiedea attenuata new species (Kauaì) Wagner et al., Kalalau Valley cliffs W. L. Wagner, 1994 only; extremely rare Weller, & Sakai and endangered 511 Schiedea diffusa A. resurrection of S. Wagner, Weller, this subspecies occurs Gray subsp. macraei diffusa var. macraei & Sakai, 2005 on Hawaiì while (Sherff) W. L. from synonymy of S. subsp. diffusa occurs on Wagner & Weller diffusa and new Maui and Molokaì combination and status

Page 26 511 Schiedea hawaiiensis resurrection from Herbst & known only from one Hillebr. synonymy of S. Wagner, 1999 individual discovered diffusa in 1996 in P hakuloa Training Area, Hawaiì 514 Schiedea helleri rediscovery (Kauaì) Lorence et al., Sherff 1995 515 Schiedea jacobii W. new species (East Wagner, Weller, Hanawi only; few L. Wagner, Weller, & Maui) Sakai & individuals; extremely A. C. Medeiros Medeiros, 1999 rare and perhaps endangered 517 Schiedea laui W. L. new species Wagner, Weller, Molokaì (endangered) Wagner & Weller & Sakai, 2005 517 Schiedea sarmentosa resurrection from Wagner, Weller, endemic to Molokaì O. Deg. & Sherff synonymy of & Sakai, 2005 where S. menziesii does Schiedea menziesii not occur 517 Schiedea perlmanii new species (Kauaì) Wagner, Weller, occurs only on Haùpu; W. L. Wagner & & Sakai, 2005 includes S. nuttallii var. Weller lihuensis 517 Schiedea kauaiensis new species (Kauaì) St. John, 1988; includes S. nuttallii var. H. St. John Wagner, Weller, pauciflora; listed & Sakai, 2005 endangered (E*) 519 Schiedea pentandra new species (Oàhu) Wagner & replaces the never W. L. Wagner & E. Harris, 2000 validly published name M. Harris S. pubescens var. purpurascens at species level; rare 518, Schiedea spergulina rediscovery (Kauaì) Lorence et al., 520 A. Gray and taxonomic 1995; Wagner, change (no varieties Weller, & Sakai, recognized) 2005 520 Schiedea stellarioides rediscovery (Kauaì) Lorence et al., H. Mann 1995 523 Silene lanceolata A. new island (Oàhu) Hawley & Pyle, Gray 1995 526, Stellaria media (L.) new islands (Midway, Starr et al., 2003; 527 Vill. Molokaì) Oppenheimer, 2010 528 Vaccaria hispanica escape or adventive Hughes, 1995 one individual located; (Mill.) Rauschert (Molokaì) should not yet be considered part of naturalized flora 529 Casuarina glauca new islands (Midway, Bruegmann, Sieber ex Spreng. West Maui, Hawaiì, pers. comm., Molokaì, Kauaì, 1998; Starr et al., Kahoòlawe); author 2002; correction Oppenheimer & Bartlett, 2000; Oppenheimer, 2008, 2011; Starr & Starr, 2011

Page 27 529 Casuarina newly naturalized Lorence et al., Kaàweki Ridge cunninghamia Miq. × (Kauaì) and new 1995; C. glauca Sieber ex island (West Maui) Oppenheimer & Spreng. Bartlett, 2002 533 Ceratophyllum new island (Oàhu) Staples et al., demersum L. and range extension 2002; (West Maui) Oppenheimer & Bartlett, 2002 534 Atriplex new state (Hawaiì) Staples et al., canescens (Pursh) 2003 Nutt. 535 Atriplex new state (Hawaiì) Wagner et al., maximowicziana 1997 Makino 535 Atriplex suberecta new island (Kauaì) Lorence et al., Verd. 1995 532, Bassia hyssopifolia new island (Molokaì) Staples et al., 536 (Pall.) Kuntze and range extension 2002; Starr et al., (East Maui) 2002 537 Chenopodium album new island (Hawaiì); Staples et al., L. range extension (West 2002; Maui) Oppenheimer, 2003 537 Dysphania new island (Kauaì); Staples et al., the glandular species ambrosioides (L.) taxonomic change 2002; Clemants previously assigned to Mosyakin & & Mosyakin, Chenopodium are not Clemants 2003 closely related to other Chenopodium 537 Dysphania carinatum new islands (Kauaì. Lorence & see note under (R.Br.) Mosyakin & Oàhu); taxnonmic Flynn, 1997; Dysphania Clemants change and confirmed Staples et al., ambrosioides; identification 2003; Clemants specimens at US & Mosyakin, examined by W. L. 2003 Wagner & determined to represent D. carinatum 538, Chenopodium new island Starr et al., 2006 539 oahuense (Meyen) (Kahoòlawe) Aellen 540 Enchylaena new state (East Maui) Imada et al., tomentosa R. Br. var. 2000 tomentosa 539, Salsola tragus L. misidentification as S. Wagner et al., 540 kali and new islands 1997; (East Maui, Oppenheimer & Kahoòlawe, Oàhu, Bartlett, 2002; Molokaì) Herbst & Wagner, 1999; Herbst et al., 2004; Starr et al., 2006

Page 28 542 Clusia rosea Jacq. new islands (Maui, Oppenheimer & Molokaì) Bartlett, 2000; Wysong & Hughes, 2007 544, Hypericum mutilum name change (subsp. Robson, 1990; 545 L. subsp. mutilum designation) and new Lorence et al., island (Kauaì) 1995; Wagner & Herbst, 1995 547 Conocarpus erectus new island (Kauaì) Lorence & L. Flynn, 1997 545, Terminalia catappa new islands Oppenheimer, 547 L. (Molokaì, Lanaì) 2003, 2008 548 Terminalia new island (Oàhu) Herbarium myriocarpa Van Pacificum Staff, Heurck & Müll. Arg. 1998 549 Argyreia nervosa new state (Kauaì) Lorence et al., (Burm. f.) Bojer and new range 1995; extension (East Maui) Oppenheimer, 2004 552 Convolvulus arvensis new island (Molokaì) Imada et al., L. 2008 552 Convolvulus new state (Oàhu) Herbst, 1998 erubescens Sims 553 Dichondra micrantha newly naturalized Oppenheimer & Urb. (Oàhu, Maui); new Bartlett, 2002; island (Lanaì) Oppenheimer, 2010 553 Evolvulus alsinoides new state (West Oppenheimer, (L.) L. Maui) 2004 555 Ipomoea aquatica new island (Midway, Bruegmann, Forssk. Hawaiì) pers. comm., 1998; Imada et al., 2000 555 Ipomoea batatas (L.) new islands (Midway, Bruegmann, Lam. West Maui) pers. comm., 1998; Oppenheimer, 2003 555 Ipomoea cairica (L.) new island (West Oppenheimer & Sweet Maui); range Bartlett, 2000; extension (East Maui) Starr et al., 2006 558, Ipomoea obscura (L.) new islands Oppenheimer, 557 Ker Gawl. (Molokaì, Lanaì) 2003, 2007 558, Ipomoea pes-caprae distribution correction Starr et al., 2003; 559 (L.) R. Br. subsp. (Kure) Herbst & brasiliensis (L.) Wagner, 1992 Ooststr. 559, Ipomoea triloba L. new islands (Hawaiì, Oppenheimer & 561 Molokaì, Lanaì) Bartlett, 2002; Oppenheimer, 2006, 2007

Page 29 562 Jacquemontia taxonomic change for Namoff et al., analysis based on sandwicensis A. Gray J. ovalifolia subsp. 2010 molecular data sandwicensis 563 Merremia peltata (L.) new state (Kauaì) Wood, in press Merr. 563 Merremia tuberosa new islands Oppenheimer, (L.) Rendle (Molokaì, Lanaì) 2006, 2007 564 Merremia umbellata newly naturalized Imada et el., (L.) Hallier f. (Oàhu) 2000 564 Poranopsis newly naturalized Starr et al., 2004 paniculata (Roxb.) Roberty 567 Crassula multicava newly naturalized Lorence et al., Lem. (Kauaì) 1995 567 Crassula ovata (Mill.) newly naturalized Lorence et al., Druce (Kauaì) 1995 567 Bryophyllum proposed generic Staples et al., Kalanchoe continued to segregate 2002; Mort et al., be recognized because 2001 recent molecular analysis of Crassulaceae the Bryophyllum taxa are nested within Kalanchoe clade and also do not even form a monophyletic clade 568 Kalanchoe crenata newly naturalized Herbst et al., (Andrews) Haw. (Oàhu) 2004 568 Kalanchoe newly naturalized Lorence et al., daigremontiana (Kauaì); new island 1995; Starr et al., Raym.-Hamet & H. (East Maui, Hawaiì) 2006; Parker and Perrier Parsons, 2010 568 Kalanchoe newly naturalized Lorence et al., fedtschenkoi (Kauaì), new island 1995; Raym.-Hamet & H. (Maui) Oppenheimer, Perrier 2006 569 Coccinia grandis (L.) new islands (East Starr et al., 1999, Voigt Maui, Lanaì, 2010; Midway) and range Oppenheimer & extension (West Bartlett, 2000; Maui) Oppenheimer, 2007 570, Cucumis dipsaceus new island (Molokaì) Wysong & 571 Ehrenb. Ex Spach Hughes, 2007 572 Momordica charantia new island (Midway) Starr & Martz, L. 2000 574 Sicyos albus (H. St. gender correction for John) I. Telford Sicyos alba 576, Sicyos hispidus range extension (West Oppenheimer & 577 Hillebr. Maui) Bartlett, 2002

Page 30 577 Sicyos lasiocephalus new islands Herbst, 1998; Skottsb. (Molokaì,West Oppenheimer & Maui) Bartlett, 2000 580, Sicyos lanceoloideus new species (Oàhu, Wagner & provides a name for the 581 (H. St. John) W. L. Kauaì) Shannon, 1999 species treated as “sp. Wagner & D. R. A”; rare Herbst 580, Cuscuta campestris new islands (Maui, Oppenheimer, 582 Yunck. Lanaì) 2003; Starr et al., 2004 582 Cuscuta new island (Kauaì) Herbarium sandwichiana Choisy Pacificum Staff, 1997 583 Dillenia suffruticosa newly naturalized Sato, 1998 (Griff.) Martelli (Oàhu) 583 Scabiosa palaestrina newly naturalized Herbst & the name is here L. (Hawaiì) Wagner, 1996 applied in a broad sense 590 Leptecophylla taxonomic change for Weiller, 1999 tameiameiae (Cham. Styphelia & Schltdl.) C. M. tameiameiae Weiller 592 Erica lusitanica new state (East Maui) Starr et al., 2008 Rudolphi 597 Aleurites montana newly naturalized Herbst, 1998 (Lour.) E. H. Wilson (Hawaiì) 598 Aleurites moluccana correction of authors Herbst & a synonym of A. (L.) Willd. var. katoi of name Wagner, 1999 moluccana O. Deg., I. Deg. & B. C. Stone 600 Antidesma new island (Kauaì) Herbarium platyphyllum H. Pacificum Staff, Mann var. 1996 platyphyllum 601 Antidesma pulvinatum new island (Lanaì) Oppenheimer, Hillebr. 2010 602 Breynia disticha J. R. newly naturalized Lorence et al., Forst. & G. Forst. (East Maui) 1995 604 Euphorbia taxonomic change Steinmann & Chamaesyce not albomarginata (Torr. Porter, 2002; recognized as distinct & A. Gray) Small Yang & Berry, from Euphorbia 2011 604 Euphorbia arnottiana taxonomic change Steinmann & Chamaesyce not Endl. Porter, 2002; recognized as distinct Yang & Berry, from Euphorbia 2011 604 Euphorbia atrococca taxonomic change Steinmann & Chamaesyce not A. Heller Porter, 2002; recognized as distinct Yang & Berry, from Euphorbia 2011

Page 31 605 Euphorbia taxonomic change Steinmann & Chamaesyce not celastroides Boiss. Porter, 2002; recognized as distinct var. amplectens Yang & Berry, from Euphorbia Sherff 2011 605 Euphorbia taxonomic change Steinmann & Chamaesyce not celastroides Boiss. Porter, 2002; recognized as distinct var. celastroides Yang & Berry, from Euphorbia 2011 605 Euphorbia taxonomic change Steinmann & Chamaesyce not celastroides Boiss. Porter, 2002; recognized as distinct var. hanapepensis Yang & Berry, from Euphorbia Sherff 2011 605 Euphorbia taxonomic change Steinmann & Chamaesyce not celastroides Boiss. Porter, 2002; recognized as distinct var. kaenana Sherff Yang & Berry, from Euphorbia 2011 605 Euphorbia taxonomic change Steinmann & Chamaesyce not celastroides Boiss. Porter, 2002; recognized as distinct var. laehiensis O. Yang & Berry, from Euphorbia Deg, I. Deg. & Sherff 2011 605 Euphorbia taxonomic change Steinmann & Chamaesyce not celastroides Boiss. Porter, 2002; recognized as distinct var. lorifolia (A. Yang & Berry, from Euphorbia Gray) Sherff 2011 605 Euphorbia taxonomic change Steinmann & Chamaesyce not celastroides Boiss. Porter, 2002; recognized as distinct var. stokesii (C. N. Yang & Berry, from Euphorbia Forbes) Sherff 2011 605 Euphorbia taxonomic change Steinmann & Chamaesyce not celastroides Boiss. Porter, 2002; recognized as distinct var. tomentella Yang & Berry, from Euphorbia (Boiss.) Oudejans 2011 606 Euphorbia clusiifolia taxonomic change Steinmann & Chamaesyce not Hook. & Arn. Porter, 2002; recognized as distinct Yang & Berry, from Euphorbia 2011 607, Euphorbia degeneri taxonomic change Steinmann & Chamaesyce not 608 Sherff Porter, 2002; recognized as distinct Yang & Berry, from Euphorbia 2011 607 Euphorbia deppeana taxonomic change Steinmann & Chamaesyce not Boiss. Porter, 2002; recognized as distinct Yang & Berry, from Euphorbia 2011 607 Euphorbia eleanoriae new species (Kaua`i); Lorence & slopes and cliffs N (Lorence & W. L. taxonomic change Wagner, 1996; Kaua`i; rare; Wagner) Govaerts Steinmann & Chamaesyce not Porter, 2002; recognized as distinct Yang & Berry, from Euphorbia 2011

Page 32 607, Euphorbia halemanui taxonomic change Steinmann & Chamaesyce not 608 Sherff Porter, 2002; recognized as distinct Yang & Berry, from Euphorbia 2011 609 Euphorbia herbstii taxonomic change Steinmann & Chamaesyce not (W. L. Wagner) Porter, 2002; recognized as distinct Oudejans Yang & Berry, from Euphorbia 2011 609 Euphorbia hirta L. taxonomic change Steinmann & Chamaesyce not Porter, 2002; recognized as distinct Yang & Berry, from Euphorbia 2011 608, Euphorbia new islands Oppenheimer, Chamaesyce not 609 hypericifolia (L.) (Molokaì, Lanaì); 2003; Steinmann recognized as distinct taxonomic change & Porter, 2002; from Euphorbia Yang & Berry, 2011 608, Euphorbia new islands (Midway, Bruegmann, Chamaesyce not 610 hyssopifolia (L.) Lanaì, Molokaì); 1999; Herbarium recognized as distinct taxonomic change Pacificum Staff, from Euphorbia 1999; Oppenheimer; Steinmann & Porter, 2002; Yang & Berry, 2011 610 Euphorbia kuwaleana taxonomic change Steinmann & Chamaesyce not O. Deg. & Sherff Porter, 2002; recognized as distinct Yang & Berry, from Euphorbia 2011 610 Euphorbia maculata taxonomic change Steinmann & Chamaesyce not L. Porter, 2002; recognized as distinct Yang & Berry, from Euphorbia 2011 611 Euphorbia taxonomic change Steinmann & Chamaesyce not multiformis Hook. & Porter, 2002; recognized as distinct Arn. var. microphylla Yang & Berry, from Euphorbia Boiss. 2011 611, Euphorbia taxonomic change Steinmann & Chamaesyce not 612 multiformis Hook. & Porter, 2002; recognized as distinct Arn. var. multiformis Yang & Berry, from Euphorbia 2011 611 Euphorbia taxonomic change Steinmann & Chamaesyce not olowaluana Sherff Porter, 2002; recognized as distinct Yang & Berry, from Euphorbia 2011

Page 33 612, Euphorbia prostrata new islands Hughes, 1995; Chamaesyce not 613 Aiton (Molokaì, Nihau); Wood, in press; recognized as distinct taxonomic change Steinmann & from Euphorbia Porter, 2002; Yang & Berry, 2011 613 Euphorbia remyi A. taxonomic change Steinmann & Chamaesyce not Gray ex. Boiss. var. Porter, 2002; recognized as distinct hanaleiensis Sherff Yang & Berry, from Euphorbia 2011 613 Euphorbia remyi A. taxonomic change Steinmann & Chamaesyce not Gray ex. Boiss. var. Porter, 2002; recognized as distinct kauaiensis O. Deg & Yang & Berry, from Euphorbia Sherff 2011 613 Euphorbia remyi A. taxonomic change Steinmann & Chamaesyce not Gray ex. Boiss. var. Porter, 2002; recognized as distinct remyi Yang & Berry, from Euphorbia 2011 612, Euphorbia rockii C. taxonomic change Steinmann & Chamaesyce not 614 N. Forbes Porter, 2002; recognized as distinct Yang & Berry, from Euphorbia 2011 614 Euphorbia serpens misidentification as Wagner et al., those on Oàhu are C. Kunth Kauaì plants referred 1997; albomarginata; to C. albomarginata; Oppenheimer, Chamaesyce not new island (West 2003; Steinmann recognized as distinct Maui); taxonomic & Porter, 2002; from Euphorbia change Yang & Berry, 2011 614 Euphorbia taxonomic change Steinmann & Chamaesyce not skottsbergii Sherff Porter, 2002; recognized as distinct var. skottsbergii Yang & Berry, from Euphorbia 2011 614 Euphorbia taxonomic change Steinmann & Chamaesyce not skottsbergii Sherff Porter, 2002; recognized as distinct var. vaccinioides Yang & Berry, from Euphorbia Sherff 2011 615 Euphorbia sparsiflora taxonomic change Steinmann & Chamaesyce not A. Heller Porter, 2002; recognized as distinct Yang & Berry, from Euphorbia 2011 615 Euphorbia thymifolia new islands (Kauaì, Lorence et al., Chamaesyce not L. East Maui, Molokaì, 1995; recognized as distinct Lanaì) and range Oppenheimer & from Euphorbia extension (West Bartlett, 2000; Maui); taxonomic Oppenheimer, change 2003; Steinmann & Porter, 2002; Yang & Berry, 2011

Page 34 618 Croton guatemalensis newly naturalized Starr et al., 2004 Lotsy (East Maui) 618 Euphorbia new island (Hawaiì) Parker and cyathophora Murray Parsons, 2010 619 Euphorbia peplus L. new island (Kauaì); Lorence et al., distribution correction 1995; Starr et al., (Kure) 2003; Herbst & Wagner, 1992 620 Euphorbia tirucalli L. newly naturalized Lorence et al., (Kauaì) 1995 621 Flueggea virosa new state (East Starr et al., 2004 (Roxb. ex Willd.) Maui) Voigt 624 Macaranga tanarius new islands (West Oppenheimer et (L.) Müll. Arg. Maui, Hawaiì) al., 1999; Parker and Parsons, 2010 625 Omalanthus newly naturalized Oppenheimer, populifolius R. C. (East Maui, Hawaii) 2004 Graham 627 Phyllanthus debilis new islands Oppenheimer, Klein ex Willd. (Molokaì and Lanaì) 2003 627 Phyllanthus distichus new synonyms: Govaerts & infraspecific Hook. & Arn. Phyllanthus distichus Radcliffe-Smith, combinations published var. degeneri (Sherff) 1996 in uncritical review of Govaerts & Radcl.- Hawaiian taxonomy of Sm.; P. d. var. this species; not ellipticus (Müll. Arg.) recognized by us Govaerts & Radcl.- Sm. 626, Phyllanthus tenellus new islands (Lanaì, Oppenheimer & 628 Roxb. Maui; Hawaiì, Bartlett, 2002; Molokaì) Oppenheimer et al., 1999; Oppenheimer & Bartlett, 2000; Oppenheimer, 2007 629 Sauropus androgynus Frohlich & Lau, reported as newly (L.) Merr. 2008 naturalized on Oàhu, but appears to be only adventive 630 Calopogonium newly naturalized Starr et al., 2003 galactioides Benth. ex (East Maui) Hemsl. 640 Acacia melanoxylon new islands (Kauaì, Lorence et al., R. Br. ex Aiton Molokaì); range 1995; Meidell et extension (West al., 1998; Maui) Oppenheimer, 2010

Page 35 641 Acacia aneura F. newly naturalized Wagner & Muell. ex Benth. (Lanaì) Herbst, 1995 639, Vachellia farnesiana new island (Lanaì); Oppenheimer & 641 (L.) Wight & Arn. taxonomic change for Bartlett, 2002; Acacia farnesiana Mabberley, 2008 (L.) Willd. 641 Acacia auriculiformis Frohlich & Lau, reported as newly A. Cunn. ex Benth. 2007 naturalized on Oàhu, but appears to be only adventive 641 Acacia catechu (L.f.) newly naturalized Frohlich & Lau, Willd. (Oàhu) 2010 641 Acacia koaia Hillebr. resurrected from a paper treating this synonymy of A. koa taxon as a subspecies was anticipated but never published; thus we here return to the available name for A. koaia at the species level; known from Kauaì, Molokaì, Lanaì, Maui, and Hawaiì, and perhaps Oàhu 642 Acacia mangium newly naturalized Frohlich & Lau, Willd. (Oàhu) 2008 642 Acacia mearnsii De new islands Hughes, 1995; Wild. (Molokaì, Starr et al., 2006 Kahoòlawe) 643 Acacia retinodes newly naturalized Starr & Starr, East Maui - adventive, Schltdl. (East Maui) 2011 not yet definitively naturalized 643 Adenanthera newly naturalized Wagner & pavonina L. (Kauaì); new island Herbst, 1995; (East Maui) Starr & Starr, 2011 643 Aeschynomene new state (Molokaì) Hughes, 1995 paniculata Willd. ex Vogel 644 Albizia chinensis new island (Hawaiì) Herbst, 1998 (Osbeck) Merr. 644, Albizia lebbeck (L.) new islands (West Oppenheimer & 645 Benth. Maui, Molokaì); Bartlett, 2002; range extension (East Oppenheimer, Maui) 2007, 2008 644 Albizia saponaria newly naturalized Lorence et al., (Lour.) Blume ex (Kauaì) 1995 Miq. 644, Alysicarpus vaginalis new island (Molokaì) Oppenheimer, 645 (L.) DC 2007

Page 36 646 Bauhinia monandra newly naturalized Lorence & Kurz (Hawaiì); new island Flynn, 1999; (East Maui) Starr & Starr, 2011 647 Caesalpinia bonduc new islands (Laysan, Staples et al., (L.) Roxb. Midway) 2003; Starr et al., 2010 647 Caesalpinia crista L. newly naturalized Frohlich & Lau, (Oàhu) 2008 647 Caesalpinia new island (Lanaì) Starr et al., 2006 decapetala (Roth) Alston 647 Mezoneuron taxonomic change for Bruneau et al., kavaiense (H. Mann) Caesalpinia 2008; Lewis et Hillebr. kavaiensis al., 2005 648 Caesalpinia major new island (West Herbst & (Medik.) Dandy & Maui) Wagner, 1996 Exell 649 Calliandra newly naturalized Imada et al., houstoniana (Mill.) (Lanaì); new island 2008; Starr et al., Standl. var. (East Maui) 2010 calothyrsa (Meisn.) Barneby 649 Calliandra newly naturalized Starr & Starr, surinamensis Benth. (East Maui) 2011 651, Canavalia galeata Wysong & a new island record 652 (Gaudich.) Vogel Hughes, 2007 reported for Molokaì was re-examined and determined as Canavalia molokaiensis by W.L. Wagner 654 Canavalia sericea A. new islands (Kauaì, Wagner & Gray Hawaiì) and range Herbst, 1995; extension (West Oppenheimer & Maui) Bartlett, 2002; Oppenheimer, 2003 655 Cassia javanica L. newly naturalized Starr & Starr, var. indochinensis (West Maui) 2011 Gagnepain 655 Centrosema molle taxomonic change for Fantz, 1996; Mart. ex Benth. C. pubescens Benth; Flynn & and newly naturalized Lorence, 1998: (Kauaì); new islands Starr et al., 2003; (East Maui, Oàhu) Imada et al., 2008 655 Chamaecrista new island (Molokaì) Hughes, 1995 nictitans (L.) Moench var. glabrata (DC. ex Collad.) H. S. Irwin & Barneby

Page 37 656 Clitoria heterophylla new state (Hawaiì) Staples et al., Lam. 2002 656 Clitoria ternatea L. new islands (West Oppenheimer & Maui, Lanaì) Bartlett, 2000; Starr et al., 2010 657, Crotalaria assamica new islands (Maui, Starr et al., 2002, 659 Benth. Molokaì) 2006 658 Crotalaria brevidens range extension (West Oppenheimer, Benth. Maui) 2003 659, Crotalaria incana L. new island (Molokaì) Hughes, 1995 660 660 Crotalaria juncea L. newly naturalized Wagner et al., (Oàhu, Hawaiì); 1997; Staples et new island (East al., 2003 Maui) 660 Crotalaria lanceolata new island (East Oppenheimer, E. Mey Maui, Oàhu) 2004; Imada, 2007 661 Crotalaria pallid new island (Niìhau) Wood, 2007 Aiton 662 Crotalaria pumila range extension (West Oppenheimer & Ortega Maui) Bartlett, 2000 663 Crotalaria verrucosa new state (Oàhu) Wagner & L. Herbst, 1995 663 Crotalaria trichotoma new state (East Maui) Starr et al., 2006 Bojer 663 Cytisus palmensis (H. new island (Hawaiì) Staples et al., Christ) Hutch. 2002 664 Dalea emarginata new state (Oàhu) Herbarium (Torr. & A. Gray) Pacificum Staff, Shinners 1996 665, Desmanthus taxonomic change for Wagner & 673 pernambucanus (L.) D. virgatus; new Herbst, 1995; Thell. island (Lanaì) Oppenheimer, 2003 666 Desmodium barbatum new state (Molokaì) Oppenheimer, (L.) Benth & Oerst. 2010 667 Desmodium new state (Molokaì, Wagner & heterophyllum East Maui) and new Herbst, 1995; (Willd.) DC. islands (Hawaiì, Herbst & West Maui) Wagner, 1999; Oppenheimer, 2003 667, Desmodium incanum new islands Oppenheimer, 668 DC. (Molokaì, Lanaì) 2003 667 Desmodium intortum new island (Oàhu, Herbarium (Mill.) Urb. Kauaì) and range Pacificum Staff, extension (Oàhu) 1998; Imada et al., 2000; Staples et al., 2003

Page 38 669 Desmodium new island (Molokaì) Hughes, 1995 tortuosum (Sw.) DC. 672 Flemingia strobilifera new state (East Maui) Lorence et al., (L.) Aiton & W. T. 1995 Aiton 652, Neonotonia wightii new islands (Kauaì, Hughes, 1995; 674 (Wight & Arn.) Molokaì, Lanaì); Herbarium Lackey taxonomic change for Pacificum Staff, Glycine wightii 1996; Oppenheimer, 2007 675 Indigofera spicata Based on Du Puy DuPuy et al., Forssk. paper we adopted 1993; Starr et al., Indigofera 2002, 2010; hendecaphylla Jacq. Oppenheimer, as the correct name, 2003; Herbst et but new examination al., 2004 of specimens and subsequent cofirmation by Peter Wilson (NSW) and Brian Schrire (K) it appears that the Hawaiian plants are actually Indigofera spicata; and new islands (Hawaiì, Molokaì, Lanaì, Midway) 676 Indigofera new island (Molokaì) Hughes, 1995 suffruticosa Mill. 676 Inga sertulifera DC. newly naturalized Lorence & subsp. leptopus (Kawaì) Flynn, 2006 (Benth.) T. D. Penn 676 Kanaloa new endemic genus Lorence & known from 2 plants on kahoolawensis and species Wood, 1994 extreme site on Lorence & K. R. Kahoòlawe, but once Wood more widespead on at least Oàhu and Maui based on fossil pollen record 678 Lathyrus latifolius L. range extension (East Starr et al., 2002 Maui: Kula) 679 Kummerowia striata taxonomic change for Staples et al., (Thunb.) Schindl. Lespedeza striata 2002; (Thunb.) Hook. & Oppenheimer, Arn.; new island 2003 (West Maui) 679 Leucaena diversifolia newly naturalized Starr et al., 2008 (Schltdl.) Benth. (East Maui)

Page 39 680 Leucaena ×spontanea newly naturalized Oppenheimer, C. E. Hughes (East Maui) 2004 681 Lotus uliginosus new island (Kauaì) Lorence et al., Schkuhr 1995 682 Lupinus arboreus new state (Hawaiì) Staples et al., Sims 2002 682 Macroptilium new islands Oppenheimer, atropupureum (DC.) (Molokaì, Kauaì, 2003, 2008; Urb. Lanaì, Kahoòlawe) Lorence & Flynn, 2006; Starr & Starr, 2011 677, Macroptilium new island (Molokaì) Herbarium 683 lathyroides (L.) Urb. Pacificum Staff, 1996; Shannon & Wagner, 1996 683 Macrotyloma axillare new state (Oàhu) Staples et al., (E. Mey.) Verdc. var. 2003 glabrum (E. Mey.) Verdc. 684 Medicago lupulina L. new island (Kauaì) Lorence et al., 1995 684 Medicago minima new island (Kauaì) Wagner & (L.) Bartal. Herbst, 1995 684 Medicago new islands (Midway, Shannon & polymorpha L. Molokaì) Wagner, 1996; Bruegmann, 1999 684 Medicago rugosa new islands (Kauaì, Lorence & Desr. West Maui, Molokaì, Flynn, 1997; Lanaì) Oppeneheimer & Bartlett, 2002; Oppenheimer, 2007 686 Medicago sativa L. new islands (Kauaì, Wagner & East Maui, Molokaì) Herbst, 1995; and range extension Wagner et al., (West Maui) 1997; Oppenheimer et al., 1999; Oppenheimer, 2003 686 Melilotus alba Medik. new islands Wagner & (Molokaì, Maui) Herbst, 1995; Shannon & Wagner, 1996; Oppenheimer, 2004

Page 40 685, Mimosa pudica L. new islands Oppenheimer, 688 subsp. unijuga (Molokaì, Niìhau) 2003; Imada, (Duchass. & Walp.) 2007 Griseb. 688 Mucuna gigantea taxonomic change Wilmot-Dear, (Willd.) DC. subsp. (subsp. designation) 1990; Wagner & gigantea Herbst, 1995 689 Mucuna sloanei misidentification as Wilmot-Dear, two varieties are Fawc. & Rendle var. M. urens 1990; Wagner & recognized: indigenous sloanei; and M. s. var. Herbst, 1995 var. sloanei on Kauaì, persericea Wilmot- Oàhu, Maui, and Dear Hawaiì; and endemic var. persericea on East Maui from Makawao to Wailua Iki 690 Paraserianthes newly naturalized Oppenheimer lophantha (Willd.) I. (East Maui) and Bartlett, Nielsen subsp. 2002 montana (Jungh.) I. Nielsen 690 Falcataria moluccana taxonomic change for Herbarium segregate genus from (Miq.) Barneby & Paraserianthes Pacificum Staff, Albizia; A. falcataria a Grimes falcataria; new island 1998; synonym (West Maui, Lanaì); Oppenheimer & range extension (East Bartlett, 2002; Maui) Starr et al., 2003; Oppenheimer, 2007 691 Pithecellobium dulce new island (Lanaì) Oppenheimer & (Roxb.) Benth. Bartlett, 2002 692 Platymiscium Frohlich & Lau, reported as newly stipulare Benth. 2008 naturalized on Oàhu, but appears to be only adventive 692 Prosopis juliflora new islands (Kauaì, Imada et al., (Sw.) DC. Lanaì) 2000; Oppenheimer, 2007 692 Prosopis pallida new islands Hughes, 1995; (Humb. & Bonpl. ex (Molokaì, Niìhau) Wood & Willd.) Kunth LeGrande, 2006 693 Pueraria montana taxonomic name Wiersema et al., (Lour.) Merr. var. change for P. lobata 1990 lobata (Willd.) var. lobata Maesen & S. M. Almeida 693 Pueraria montana taxonomic name Wiersema et al., (Lour.) Merr. var. change for P. lobata 1990; Staples et chinensis (Owhi) var. thomsoni al., 2002 Maesen & S. M. Almeida

Page 41 695 Pueraria new state (Oàhu) Frohlich & Lau, phaseoloides (Roxb.) 2008 Benth. 696 Samanea saman new islands (Kauaì, Lorence et al., (Jacq.) Merr. West Maui, Molokaì) 1995; Oppenheimer & Bartlett, 2002; Oppenheimer, 2007 697 Senna multijuga (L. newly naturalized Herbarium C. Rich.) H. S. Irwin (Kauaì) Pacificum Staff, & Barneby var. 1998 multijuga 698 Senna alata (L.) new islands (West Oppenheimer & Roxb. Maui, Lanaì, Bartlett, 2000; Molokaì); range Starr et al., 2003; extension (East Maui) Oppenheimer, 2007; Wysong & Hughes, 2007 699 Senna gaudichaudii new island Wagner et al., (Hook. & Arn.) H. S. (Kahoòlawe) 1997 Irwin & Barneby 700 Senna obtusifolia (L.) new islands (Oàhu, Staples et al., H. S. Irwin & Lanaì) 2003; Barneby Oppenheimer, 2011 700 Senna occidentalis range extension (West Oppenheimer et (L.) Link Maui); new island al., 1999; (Molokaì) Oppenheimer, 2003 701 Senna septemtrionalis new islands (Lanaì, Wagner & (Viv.) H. S. Irwin & Hawaiì) Herbst, 1995; Barneby Herbarium Pacificum Staff, 1996 702 Senna surattensis new islands Staples et al., (Burm. f.) H. S. Irwin (Molokaì, Lanaì) 2002; & Barneby Oppenheimer, 2007 708 Stylosanthes new state (Kauaì, Herbst et al., re-examination of guianensis (Aubl.) Molokaì) 2004 Hawaiian material Sw. var. guianensis showed 3 species, one with two varieties, and none of them S. fruticosa 708 Stylosanthes new state (Molokaì) Herbst et al., see note under S. guianensis (Aubl.) 2004 guianensis var. Sw. var. intermedia guianensis (Vogel) Hassler

Page 42 708 Stylosanthes scabra taxonomic change Herbst et al., see note under S. Vogel and new state (Oàhu, 2004; Kennedy, guianensis Molokaì, Lanaì, 2010 Maui), new island (Hawaiì) 708 Stylosanthes viscosa new state (Oàhu, Herbst et al., see note under S. Sw. Maui) 2004 guianensis 708 Tamarindus indica L. newly naturalized Wysong & (Molokaì) Hughes, 2007 710 Tephrosia candida newly naturalized Oppenheimer & Roxb. ex DC. (West Maui) Bartlett, 2000 712 Trifolium campestre new state (East Maui) Starr & Starr, Schreb. 2011 712 Trifolium dubium new island (Kauaì) Lorence et al., Sibth. 1995 713, Trifolium repens L. new island (Lanaì) Oppenheimer, 714 var. repens 2008 715 Ulex europaeus L. new island (Molokaì) Conant, 1996 717 Vicia sativa L. subsp. new island (Kauaì) Wood, 2007 nigra (L.) Ehrh. 720 Vigna hosei (Craib) new state (Oàhu) Staples et al., Backer 2006 720 Vigna luteola (Jacq.) new state (Oàhu) Staples et al., Benth. 2003 721 Vigna speciosa newly naturalized Herbst, 1998 (Kunth) Verdc. (Oàhu), new island (Kauaì, Maui) 721 Vigna vexillata (L.) new state (Kauaì) Wagner, unpubl. based on images taken A. Rich. on the grounds of NTBG in 2002 that were misidentified as Centrosema; subsequently, a voucher (Lorence 9071) was made for proper identification by James Lackey. 721 Zornia gemella new state (Oàhu); Staples et al., (Willd.) Vog. new island (Molokaì) 2006; Oppenheimer, 2008 721 Zornia reticulata J. E. new state (East Maui) Starr et al., 2006 tentative identification Smith by Staples & Herbst should be confirmed 721 Quercus suber L. newly naturalized Herbst & (Hawaiì) Wagner, 1996 722 Dovyalis hebecarpa newly naturalized Herbst, 1998 (G. Gardn.) Warb. (Hawaiì)

Page 43 722 Xylosma hawaiiense new synonym: Govaerts & new name published for Seem. Drypetes sherffii Radcliffe-Smith, a later homonym in an Govaerts & Radcl.- 1996 uncritical review of Sm. names in Euphorbiaceae; the holotype is this species of Flacourtiaceae 725 Schenkia sebaeoides new island (Lanaì); Wagner & Griseb. taxonomic change for Herbst, 1995; Centaurium Mansion, 2004; sebaeoides Mansion & Struwe, 2004 727 Erodium sp. state (Molokaì) Hughes, 1995 an as yet unidentified species 732 Geranium nomenclatural change Aedo & Muñoz hillebrandii Aedo & for G. humile Hillebr. Garmendia, 1997 Muñoz Garm. (1888) non Cav. (1782) 734 Geranium pusillum L. author correction Aedo, 1998 735 Pelargonium new state (East Maui) Starr et al., 2008 capitatum (L.) L’Her. ex Aiton 735 Cyrtandra taxonomic note Cronk et al., all Hawaiian Cyrtandra 2005; Clark et al. from the same same 2008, 2009 colonization 751 Cyrtandra heinrichii new status for taxon St. John, 1987b; previously known only H. St. John treated as C. Wagner et al., from the type, it is now confertiflora var. unpubl. known from “Blue obovata Hole,” N fork of Wailua River, Namolokama Mt., upper Hanakoa Stream, upper Hanakapiài Valley, Kekoiki 752 Cyrtandra cyaneoides rediscovery (Kauaì) Lorence et al., Rock 1995 753 Cyrtandra ferripilosa new species (East St. John, 1987b; closely related and H. St. John Maui) Wagner et al., higher elevation unpubl. replacement for, C. grayi in Kipahulu Valley, East Maui; known from a few specimens; rare 755 Cyrtandra gracilis rediscovery (Oàhu) Wagner et al., extant in upper Pai Hillebr. ex C. B. unpubl. Gulch, Koòlau Clarke Mountains Perlman et al. 17736 (BISH, MO, NY, PYBG, US)

Page 44 762 Cyrtandra resurrected from Wagner et al., grows in NE Kauaì at wainihaensis H. Lév. synonymy of C. unpubl. lower elevations than kauaiensis the related C. kauaiensis as indicated by T. Flynn (pers. comm., long ago) 761, Cyrtandra kealiae taxonomic change, Wagner & as Flynn (pers. comm., 763, Wawra subsp. new status for C. Lorence, 2000 long ago) indicated the 766 kealiae; and subsp. kealiae (= subsp. type of C. kealiae was urceolata W. L. urceolata) and C. collected from within Wagner & Lorence limahuliensis (= the range of C. subsp. kealiae) limahuliensis and study shows it is this taxon, leaving the taxon known as C. kealiae unnamed 768, Cyrtandra new island (West Oppenheimer, 769 macrocalyx Hillebr. Maui) 2010 770 Cyrtandra new species (Hawaiì) St. John, 1987b; closely related to C. nanawalensis H. St. Wagner et al., lysiosepala but grows John unpubl. in Puna Dist. at lower elevations (20–600 m); rare 771 Cyrtandra paliku W. new species (Kauaì) Wagner, Wood, known only from L. Wagner & K. R. & Lorence, 2001 Makaleha Mts. and Wood related to C. oenobarba; rare 780 Cyrtandra wagneri new species (Hawaiì) Lorence & Lorence & Perlman Perlman, 2007 786 Scaevola hobdyi W. new species (West Wagner, 1996 one collection on Èke L. Wagner Maui) Trail and apparently extinct; separate colonization presumably directly from Australia 787, Scaevola taccada nomenclatural name Shannon et al., new rule in ICBN St. 788 (Gaertn.) Roxb. change 1997 Louis, 33.2 & Ex. 3 makes proposal unecessary 789 Brexia newly naturalized Starr et al., 2003; madagascariensis (East Maui); new Frohlich & Lau, Thouars ex Ker Gawl. island (Oàhu); range 2010; Starr & extension (West Starr, 2011 Maui) 790 Gunnera petaloidea new island (Kauaì) Wood, 2006 Gaud. 791 Gonocarpus chinensis new island (Kauaì) Lorence et al., (Lour.) Orchard 1995 subsp. verrucosus (Maiden & E. Betche) Orchard

Page 45 795 Philadelphus newly naturalized Lorence et al., karwinskyanus (Kauaì) and new 1995; Starr et al., Koehne island (East Maui) 2002 802 Hyptis capitata Jacq. new state (Oàhu) Wagner & Herbst, 1995 800, Hyptis pectinata (L.) new islands (Lanaì, Oppenheimer, 802 Poit. Molokaì) 2007; Wysong & Hughes, 2007 802 Hyptis suaveolens new islands (Oàhu, Wagner & (L.) Poit. East Maui, Molokaì) Herbst, 1995; Starr et al., 2006; Oppenheimer, 2008 802 Hyptis verticillata new state (East Maui) Starr & Starr, Jacq. 2011 800, Lamium amplexicaule new island (Molokaì) Wysong & 802 L. Hughes, 2007 800, Leonotis nepetifolia new islands Oppenheimer, 803 (L.) R. Br. (Molokaì, Lanaì) 2003, 2010 803 Leonurus japonicus misidentification as Harley & Paton, Houtt. Leonurus sibiricus; 2001; Staples et new island (Molokaì) al., 2003; Wysong & Hughes, 2007 807 Mentha suaveolens reidentification Staples et al., R. Harley (K) Ehrh. 2003 determined vouchers were misidentified as M. ×villosa. 808, Ocimum basilicum L. new island (Lanaì) Oppenheimer, 809 2010 808 Ocimum gratissimum new island (Kauaì) Lorence et al., L. 1995 813 Phyllostegia ambigua new island (Molokaì) Wood, 2006 (A. Gray) Hillebr. 814 Phyllostegia rediscovery of West Oppenheimer, bracteata Sherff Maui population 2004 814 Phyllostegia rediscovery and new Wagner, 1999a Kipahulu Valley only brevidens A. Gray island (East Maui) on Maui; also rediscovered on Hawaiì 816 Phyllostegia glabra range extension (West Oppenheimer et (Gaudich.) Benth. var. Maui) al., 1999 glabra

Page 46 816 Phyllostegia helleri misidentification; Wagner, 1999a; many collections of P. Sherff rediscovery (Kauaì) Wood, 2006 electra lacking glandular hairs were misidentified during the 1990's as P. helleri; it had not been collected since 1916, but was rediscovered in Wainiha Valley 816 Phyllostegia new species (Oàhu) St. John, 1987c; briefly characterized in kaalaensis H. St. John Wagner, 1999a note under P. glabra; from Waiànae Mts.; listed endangered (E*) 816 Phyllostegia new species (Kauaì) St. John, 1987c; briefly characterized in kahiliensis H. St. John Wagner, 1999a note under P. helleri; from Wahiawa Mts.; rare 819 Phyllostegia rediscovery (Kauaì); Lorence et al., knudsenii Hillebr. possibly extinct 1995; Wagner, 1999a; Wood, in press 821 Phyllostegia new species (Oàhu) St. John, 1987c; one collection in micrantha H. St. John Wagner, 1999a Waiànae Mts.; extinct 821 Phyllostegia resurrection from Wagner, 1999a; known from Molokaì, haliakalae Wawra synonymy of P. Oppenheimer, East Maui, and Lanaì; mollis; P. imminuta 2011 examination of type (Sherff) H. St. John showed it to be same as new synonym; P. imminuta; presumed rediscovery (East extinct, not collected in Maui) 70 years 821 Phyllostegia resurrection of P. Wagner, 1999b Waàinae Mts. variety parviflora (Gaudich.) mollis var. lydgatei discussed in note on p. Benth. var. lydgatei from synonymy of P. 822 (Sherff) W. L. parviflora and new Wagner combination 822 Phyllostegia pilosa H. new species Wagner, 1999a this species was St. John (Molokaì, East Maui) included in P. mollis (which is restricted to Oàhu) and recently, including Wagner and Herbst, 1999, incorrectly treated as P. haliakalae 823 Phyllostegia renovans new species (Kauaì) Wagner, 1999b rare W. L. Wagner 825 Phyllostegia waimeae rediscovery (Kauaì) Wood, 2007 Wawra 826 Phyllostegia wawrana rediscovery (Kauaì) Lorence et al., Sherff 1995; Wagner, 1999a

Page 47 827 Plectranthus newly naturalized Parker and cylindraceus Benth. (Hawaiì) Parsons, 2010 828 Plectranthus newly naturalized Staples et al., prostratus Gürke (Oàhu) 2002 828 Plectranthus newly naturalized Starr et al., 2004 verticillatus (L.f.) (East Maui, Oàhu) Druce 828 Plectranthus taxonomic change for literature cited on scutellarioides (L.) R. Solenostemon p. 827; Grayer et Br. scutellarioides (L.) al., 2010. Codd 829 Salvia coccinea Etl. new island (Kauaì) Lorence et al., 1995 838 Stenogyne kaalae resurrection from Wagner & Wawra subsp. sherffii synonymy of S. Weller, 1999 (O. Deg.) W. L. kaalae and new Wagner & Weller combination made 839 Stenogyne new species (Maui) Wood & kauaulaensis K.R. Oppenheimer, Wood & H. 2008 Oppenheimer 841 Stenogyne kealiae resurrection from Wagner & Wawra synonymy of S. Weller, 1991 purpurea 844, Cassytha fililformis new island (Kure) Starr et al., 2003 845 L. 845, Cinnamomum new islands (Kauaì, Wagner & 846 burmanni (Nees) Maui, Hawaiì, Herbst, 1995; Blume Lanaì), and corrected Meidell et al., spelling under Art 1997; Wagner et 60.11 and 60C.2 of al., 1997; D. H. the ICBN Nicolson, pers. comm., 1998; Starr et al., 2004; Oppenheimer, 2007 846 Cinnamomum verum new island (Hawaiì) Imada et al., J. Presl 2000 847 Persea americana new island (Lanaì) Oppenheimer, Mill. 2010 850 Linum bienneMill. new islands (Kauaì, Oppenheimer, Hawaiì) 2004; Starr et al., 2006 860 Labordia lorenciana new species (Kauaì) Wood et al., Kawaiìki Valley only, 2007 rare 861 Labordia triflora resurrection from Motley, 1995 SE Molokaì only Hillebr. synonymy of L. extant population; L. tinifolia var. tinifolia var. lanaiensis lanaiensis does not occur on Molokaì

Page 48 862 Labordia waialealae new island ? Staples et al., overlooked specimen of Wawra (Molokaì) 2003 Faurie 452, possibly mislabeled as Molokaì; field conformation needed 865 Ammannia coccinea misidentification as A. S. Graham, pers. A. auriculata does not Rottb. auriculata comm, 1996; see occur in Hawaiian Isl. also Graham, 1985 865, Cuphea carthagenesis new island (Lanaì) Oppenheimer & 867 (Jacq.) J. Macbr. Bartlett, 2002 866 Cuphea hyssopifolia new islands (East Imada, 2007; Kunth Maui, Oàhu) Oppenheimer, 2011 868 Lythrum maritimum distribution status S. Graham, pers. Kunth change to naturalized comm., 1996 868 Hiptage benghalensis newly naturalized Lorence & (L.) Kurz (Kauaì) Flynn, 2006 870 Abelmoschus possible taxonomic Pfeil et al., 2002 recent molecular moschatus Medik. change studies suggest that Abelmoschus is nested within Hibiscus and may need to be recognized as a part of Hibiscus 873 Abutilon menziesii new island (Oàhu); Herbarium uncertain whether Seem. range extension (West Pacificum Staff, growing naturally or Maui) 1999; intentionally planted Oppenheimer, 2011 876 Gossypium hirsutum new island (East Starr et al., 2002 L. Maui) 875 Bastardia viscosa (L.) new state (Hawaiì) Staples et al., Kunth 2002 877 Heritiera littoralis newly naturalized Lorence & Dryand. (Kauaì) Flynn, 2006 883 Hibiscus resurrection from Wilson, 1993 brackenridgei A. synonymy of H. Gray subsp. brackenridgei subsp. molokaiana (Rock ex brackenridgei and Caum) F. D. Wilson new combination made 884 Hibiscus ovalifolius taxonomic change for Staples et al., (Forssk.) Vahl H. calyphyllus Cav. 2003 887 Hibiscus makinoi Frohlich & Lau, reported as newly Jotani & Ohba 2008 naturalized on Oàhu, but appears to be only adventive

Page 49 886, Hibiscus tiliaceus L. new synonym Pfeil et al., 2002 Fryxell, 2001 888 Talipariti tiliaceum segregates Talipariti (L.) Fryxell tiliaceum and 21 other species as distinct from Hibiscus but recent molecular phylogenetic results by Pfeil et al. suggest Talipariti is nested within Hibiscus and should be maintained there unless Hibiscus is split into multiple genera 889 Hibiscadelphus new species (Kauaì); Lorence & Kalalau Valley, 4 woodii Lorence & W. possible extinct Wagner, 1995; individuals, none L. Wagner Wood, in press reproducing; listed endangered (E*) 893 Malva neglecta Wallr. new state (East Maui) Herbarium Pacificum staff, 1998 893 Malva parviflora L. new island (Midway Starr et al., 2004 Atoll, Sand Island) 894 Malvastrum new island (Molokaì) Starr et al., 2008 americanum (L.) Torr. 895 Malvaviscus possible taxonomic Pfeil et al., 2002; recent molecular penduliflorus DC. change; new island Oppenheimer, studies suggest that (Molokaì, Oàhu) 2007, 2011 Malvaviscus is nested within Hibiscus and may need to be recognized as a part of Hibiscus 897 Sida ciliaris L. new state (Oàhu) and Wagner et al., new islands (Maui, 1997; Kauaì, Kahoòlawe, Oppenheimer & Lanaì, Molokaì) Bartlett, 2000; Staples et al., 2003; Starr et al., 2004, 2006; Oppenheimer, 2007, 2008 897 Sida cordifolia L. new islands (Kauaì, Lorence et al., Oàhu, Molokaì, 1995; Herbst et Lanaì); range al., 2004; extension Oppenheimer, (West Maui) 2007 898 Sida rhombifolia L. new island (Midway) Starr & Martz, 2000

Page 50 899 Sida spinosa L. new islands (Kauaì, Lorence & Lanaì, West Maui, Flynn, 1997; Molokaì) Staples et al., 2002; Oppenheimer et al., 1999; Oppenheimer, 2007 899 Sida urens L. new island (East Starr et al., 2002; Maui); range Oppenheimer, extension (West 2007 Maui) 901 Sidastrum new islands (East Starr et al., 2003; micranthum (St. Hil.) Maui, Kauaì, Lorence & Fryxell Molokaì, Lanaì) Flynn, 2006; Oppenheimer, 2007, 2008 901 Sidastrum new island (Lanaì) Oppenheimer, paniculatum (L.) 2011 Fryxell 900, Thespesia populnea new island (Lanaì) Oppenheimer, 902 (L.) Sol. Ex Corrêa 2007 903 Miconia calvescens newly naturalized Conant, 1996; extremely serious DC. (Kauaì, Oàhu, East Medeiros et al., invasive species; Maui, Hawaiì); 1997; Conant, populations eradicated intraisland range 1998 as possible extention (Oàhu) 905 Arthrostemma Pav. ex spelling correction Imada et al., D. Don 2000 906 Clidemia hirta (L.) D. new island (Lanaì) Oppenheimer, Don var. hirta 2007 907 Dissotis rotundifolia new island (Kauaì) Herbarium (Sm.) Triana Pacificum Staff, 1996 909 Medinilla cumingii newly naturalized Oppenheimer, Naudin (East Maui); new 2004; Frohlich & islands (Oàhu, Lau, 2010; Hawaiì) Parker and Parsons, 2010 909 Medinilla newly naturalized Frohlich & Lau, heterophylla A. Gray (Oàhu) 2010 909 Medinilla magnifica newly naturalized Frohlich & Lau, Lindl. (Oàhu); new island 2007; Parker and (Hawaiì) Parsons, 2010 908, Melastoma new island (Oàhu); Conant, 1996 & intraisland range 910 septemnervium Lour. range extension 1998; Staples et extension (Oàhu); taxonomic al., 2003 change for Melastoma candidum D. Don 912 Oxyspora paniculata range extension Nagata, 1995 (D. Don) DC. (Oàhu)

Page 51 912 Pterolepis glomerata new islands Hughes, 1995; (Rottb.) Miq. (Molokaì, Kauaì) Wood, 2006 915 Tibouchina herbacea new islands (Lanaì, Herbarium reported from Oàhu, (DC.) Cogn. Molokaì) Pacificum Staff, but does not yet appear 1999; Frohlich & to be definitively Lau, 2007; naturalized as plants Wysong & removed after Hughes, 2007 collection 918 Cedrela odorata L. newly naturalized Starr et al., 2006 (East Maui) 918 Melia azedarach L. new island (Molokaì) Hughes, 1995 918 Sandoricum koetjape newly naturalized Starr et al., 2004 (Burm.f.) Merr. (Maui) 920 Swietenia newly naturalized Meidell et al., macrophylla King (Oàhu, West Maui) 1998 920 Toona ciliata Roem. taxonomic change: T. Mabberley et al., c. var. australis not 1995; recognized; new Oppenheimer, island (Molokaì) 2007 919, Cocculus orbiculatus taxonomic change for Wagner & 921 (L.) DC. C. trilobus Herbst, 1995 922 Mollugo cerviana (L.) new islands (Oàhu, Herbst et al., Ser. Lanaì) 2004; Imada et al., 2008 924 Fatoua villosa new state (Oàhu) Wagner & (Thunb.) Nakai Herbst, 1995 924, Ficus microcarpa L. new islands (Midway, Starr et al., 2002; 925 f. Kauaì, Molokaì, Hughes, 1995; Lanaì) Lorence et al., 1995; Oppenheimer, 2007 924 Ficus macrophylla newly naturalized Oppenheimer & Desf. ex. Pers. (West Maui); new Bartlett, 2000; island (Molokaì, Oppenheimer, Midway) 2006; Starr et al., 2010 926 Ficus nota (Blanco) newly naturalized Herbarium Merr. (Oàhu, and Hawaiì) Pacificum Staff, 1998 926 Ficus platypoda (A. newly naturalized Nagata, 1995; Berg (2005) suggests F. Cunn. ex Miq.) A. (Oàhu, Maui); Oppenheimer & rubiginosa, F. Cunn. ex Miq. reidentification; new Bartlett, 2000; platypoda, and F. island (Hawaiì) Oppenheimer, obliqua are best treated 2003 as a complex of which the Hawaiian material fits best as F. platypoda 926 Ficus religiosa L. Frohlich & Lau, reported as newly 2008 naturalized on Oàhu, but appears to be only adventive

Page 52 926 Ficus rubiginosa newly naturalized Oppenheimer, Desf. (West Maui); new 2003, 2008 island (Lanaì) 931 Morella cerifera (L.) taxonomic change for Wilbur, 1994; Small Myrica cerifera; Meidell et al., newly naturalized 1997; (West Maui) Oppenheimer, 2003 931 Morella faya (Aiton) taxonomic change for Wilbur, 1994; Wilbur Myrica faya; range Oppenheimer et extension (West al., 1999 Maui) 932 Ardisia crenata Sims new island (West Oppenheimer, Maui) 2004 932 Ardisia elliptica range extension (West Meidell et al., Thunb. Maui) 1998 940 Myrsine fosbergii new island (Kauaì) Lorence et al., Hosaka 1995 942 Myrsine lessertiana taxonomic change for Wagner, unpub. A. DC. M. emarginata 943 Myrsine mezii Hosaka rediscovery (Kauaì) Lorence et al., 1995 947 Pimenta dioica (L.) newly naturalized Lorence et al., Merr. (Kauaì); new island 1995; Starr et al., (East Maui) 2003 948 Syncarpia glomulifera newly naturalized Oppenheimer, (Sm.) Nied. (West Maui); new 2003, 2010 island (Molokaì) 948 Angophora costata newly naturalized Starr et al., 2006 (Gaertn.) Britten (East Maui) 951 Eucalyptus new island (West Oppenheimer, botryoides Sm. Maui) 2003 951 Corymbia calophylla taxonomic change for Hill & Johnson, (Lindl.) K. D. Hill & Eucalyptus calophylla 1995 L. A. S. Johnson 952 Corymbia citriodora taxonomic change for Hill & Johnson, (Hook.) K. D. Hill & Eucalyptus citriodora 1995 L. A. S. Johnson 953 Eucalyptus creba F. new island (Lanaì) Oppenheimer, Muell. 2008 953 Corymbia ficifolia (F. taxonomic change for Hill & Johnson, v. Muell.) K. D. Hill Eucalyptus ficifolia 1995 & L. A. S. Johnson 954 Eucalyptus new island (East Starr & Starr, goniocalyx F. v. Maui) 2011 Muell. ex. Miq. 956 Corymbia gummifera taxonomic change for Hill & Johnson, (Gaertn.) K. D. Hill & Eucalyptus 1995 L. A. S. Johnson gummifera 957 Eucalyptus pilularis new island (Lanaì) Oppenheimer, Sm. 2008

Page 53 957 Eucalyptus punctata newly naturalized Oppenheimer, DC. (West Maui) 2004 957 Eucalyptus robusta new island (Lanaì) Oppenheimer, Sm. 2007 960 Eugenia brasiliensis newly naturalized Starr & Starr, Lam. (East Maui) 2011 961 Eugenia uniflora L. new islands (Maui, Oppenheimer, Lanaì, Oàhu) 2003; Starr et al., 2010; Frohlich & Lau, 2010 961 Leptospermum reidentification; new Herbarium Thompson annotated petersonii F. M. state (Hawaiì) Pacificum Staff, specimens Bailey 1999 misidentified as L. flavescens 961 Leptospermum nomenclatural change Herbarium L. flavescens placed in polygalifolium Salisb. Pacificum Staff, synonymy by subsp. polygalifolium 1999 Thompson (1989) 963 Leptospermum new island (Oàhu) Herbarium laevigatum (Gaertn.) Pacificum Staff, F. Muell. 1999; Staples et al., 2002 963 Leptospermum reidentification; new Herbarium Thompson annotated morrisonii Joy state (Maui) Pacificum Staff, specimens Thomps. 1999 misidentified as L. laevigatum 963 Leptospermum new island (East Oppenheimer, scoparium J. R. & G. Maui) 2004 Forst. 964 Lophostemon new islands (East Oppenheimer, confertus (R. Br.) Maui, Lanaì, 2004, 2007, 2010 Peter G. Wilson Molokaì) 962, Melaleuca new island (Lanaì) Oppenheimer, 964 quinquenervia (Cav.) 2010 S. T. Blake 965 Metrosideros newly naturalized Starr et al., 2004 kermadecensis W. R. (East Maui) B. Oliv. 967 Metrosideros new island (Maui) Oppenheimer & polymorpha Gaudich. Bartlett, 2002 var. macrophylla (Rock) H. St. John 966 Metrosideros new island (Oàhu) Kennedy, 2010 967 polymorpha Gaudich. var. pumila (A. Heller) J. W. Dawson & Stemmerm. 970 Metrosideros new island (West Oppenheimer et waialealae (Rock) Maui) al., 1999 Rock var. fauriei (H. Lév) J. W. Dawson & Stemmerm.

Page 54 972, Rhodomyrtus new island (Lanaì) Staples et al., 973 tomentosa (Aiton) 2002 Hassk. 976 Syzygium correction and sandwicense (A. orthographic Gray) Müll.Berol. correction for specific epithet 978 Boerhavia acutifolia taxonomic change for F. R. Fosberg, Boerhavia glabrata is (Choisy) J. W. Moore B. glabrata; new pers. comm., not the species treated islands (Kauaì, 1990; Lorence & as B. acutifolia prior to Molokaì, Pearl & Flynn, 1999; Fosberg’s 1990 Hermes, Laysan) Oppenheimer, treatment 2003; Staples et al., 2003 978, Boerhavia coccinea new islands (Lanaì, Oppenheimer & 979 Mill. Kure) Bartlett, 2002; Starr et al., 2003 982 Mirabilis jalapa L. new island (Molokaì) Oppenheimer, 2003 989 Nymphaea caerulea newly naturalized Herbarium Savigny (Hawaiì) Pacificum Staff, 1998 989 Nymphaea capensis newly naturalized Herbarium cultivated Hawaiian Thunb. (Kauaì); range Pacificum Staff, plants have been extension (Kauaì) 1998; Staples et identified as N. al., 2003 capensis var. zanzibariensis (Caspary) Conard; second population referred to as N. capensis var. capensis based on characters not considered taxonomically significant 989 Nymphaea newly naturalized Oppenheimer, ×daubenyana W. T. (West Maui) 2003 Baxter 989 Nymphaea lotus L. new state (Oàhu) Staples et al., sensu lato 2003 989 Ochna serrulata newly naturalized Herbarium (Hochst.) Walp. (Hawaiì) Pacificum Staff, 1998 989 Ochna thomasiana misidentification as Herbarium adventive and thought Engl. & Gilg O. kirkii in Hawaiian Pacificum Staff, to be naturalized, but literature; newly 1998; Imada et no record (1998) naturalized (Oàhu); al., 2000; new islands (Maui, Oppenheimer, Lanaì) 2003, 2004; Starr et al., 2006

Page 55 990 Sauvagesia erecta L. new island (East Starr et al., 2004 Maui) 991 Fraxinus griffithii C. newly naturalized Oppenheimer, B. Clarke (East Maui) 2003 991 Jasminum fluminense newly naturalized Herbarium Vell. (Oàhu, Hawaiì) and Pacificum Staff, new island (East 1996; Starr et al., Maui) 2002 991 Jasminum polyanthus new state (Hawaiì) Imada, 2007 Franch. 991 Ligustrum lucidum newly naturalized Staples et al., Aiton (Hawaiì) 2003 991 Ligustrum sinense new state (Kauaì) Herbarium Lour. and new island Pacificum Staff, (Hawaiì) 1999; Lorence & Flynn, 1999 992 Noronhia emarginata newly naturalized Flynn & (Lam.) Poir. (Kauaì); new island Lorence, 2002; (Maui) Starr et al., 2003 992 Olea europaea L. newly naturalized Starr et al., 1999 subsp.europaea (East Maui) 992, Olea europaea L. taxonomic name Green, 1994b; an older name at the 993 subsp. cuspidata change for Olea Lorence et al., subspecies rank for this (Wall. ex G. Don) europaea L. subsp. 1995; Starr et al., taxon Cif. africana; new islands 1999, 2010; (Kauaì, East Maui, Frohlich & Lau, Lanaì, Oàhu) 2010 995 Epilobium new island (Kauaì) Wagner & billardierianum Ser. Herbst, 1995 subsp. cinereum (A. Rich.) P. H. Raven & Engelhorn 995 Epilobium ciliatum new island (East Wood, 2007; Raf. subsp. ciliatum Maui); range Oppenheimer, extension (West 2011 Maui) 1000 Oenothera biennis L. new state (East Maui) Starr et al., 2008 1000 Oenothera kunthiana newly naturalized Starr et al., 2004; (Spach) Munz (East Maui); new Frohlich & Lau, island (Oàhu) 2010 1000 Oenothera laciniata new island (Kure) Wagner & Hill Herbst, 1995 1000 Oenothera speciosa newly naturalized Starr & Starr, report for East Maui Nutt. (East Maui) 2011 but is probably persisting and spreading in area from rhizomes; it is self- incompatible so without more individuals no seed is set

Page 56 1002, Oxalis corniculata L. distribution correction Starr et al., 2003; 1003 (Kure) Herbst & Wagner, 1992 1002 Oxalis debilis Kunth taxonomic change for Mabberley, Oxalis corymbosa; 1997; Starr et al., new island (Midway) 2010 1005 Argemone glauca rediscovery (Kauaì) Lorence et al., (Nutt. ex Prain) Pope 1995 var. glauca 1005 Argemone mexicana new island (Molokaì) Wysong & L. Hughes, 2007 1007 Fumaria officinalis L. new state (East Maui) Starr & Starr, 2011 1010 Passiflora ×violacea new island (East Starr et al., 1999 Loisel. Maui) and name change for plants misidentified as Passiflora ×caerulea 1010 Passiflora edulis new island (Molokaì) Hughes, 1995 Sims 1008, Passiflora foetida L. new islands Herbarium 1011 (Molokaì, Lanaì) Pacificum Staff, 1996; Oppenheimer & Bartlett, 2002 1011 Passiflora laurifolia new island (West Meidell et al., L. Maui) and range 1998; Starr et al., extension (East Maui) 1999 1011 Passiflora ligularis new island (West Meidell et al., Juss. Maui) 1998 1012 Passiflora maliformis new state (Kauaì) Lorence et al., L. 1995 1012 Passiflora tarminiana misidentification as P. Coppens d’ naturalized species Coppens & Barney mollissima (Kunth) L. Eeckenbrugge et from Colombia H. Bailey; new island al., 2001; (East Maui) Oppenheimer & Bartlett, 2000; Staples et al., 2003 1014 Passiflora suberosa new islands (Kauaì, Lorence et al., L. Lanaì); range 1995; Wagner et extension (East Maui) al., 1997; Starr et al., 2006 1014 Passiflora subpeltata new island (Molokaì) Oppenheimer, Ortega 2003 1016 Rivina humilis L. new islands (West Meidell et al., Maui, Molokaì); 1997; range extension (East Oppenheimer, Maui) 2003, 2007

Page 57 1024 Peperomia eekana C. new synonym, P. Wagner, unpubl. DC nahikuensis H. St. John 1026 Peperomia new island (Kauaì) Lorence et al., hirtipetiola C. DC. 1995 1029, Peperomia blanda taxonomic change for Huber, 1987; this represents a 1030 (Jacq.) Kunth var. P. leptostachya Florence, 1997 broader taxonomic floribunda (Miq.) H. concept encomposing Huber populations from most of the Old World tropics 1033, Peperomia distribution correction Wagner & range extension to West 1034 obovatilimba C. DC. (East Maui and Herbst, 1995; Maui reported by Hawaiì only) Oppenheimer & Wagner & Herbst was Bartlett, 2002 an error based on a mislabeled specimen 1035 Peperomia possibly extinct Wood, in press subpetiolata Yunck. 1036 Piper aduncum L. newly naturalized Starr et al., 2004; incorrect diagnostic (East Maui) Frohlich & Lau, characters given; Oàhu 2010 - not yet definitively naturalized, plants controlled after identification 1036 Piper auritum Kunth new state (Kauaì, Staples, et al., Oàhu); new islands 2006; Starr & (East Maui) Starr, 2011 1036 Piper betle L. newly naturalized Frohlich & Lau, (Oàhu) 2008 1040 Pittosporum resurrected from the Wood & Kiehn, recent collections have halophilum Rock synonymy of P. 2011 shown this coastal confertiflorum taxon to be a distinct species 1047 Pittosporum new state (Oàhu, Herbarium pentandrum (Blanco) Hawaiì) Pacificum Staff, Merr. 1999 1048 Pittosporum new island (East Starr et al., 2006 undulatum Venten. Maui) 1048 Pittosporum new island (East Starr et al., 1999 viridiflorum Sims Maui) 1050 Plantago australis new island (Molokaì) Wood, 2006 Lam. subsp. hirtella (Kunth) Rahn 1050 Plantago debilis R. new island (Hawaiì) Herbst et al., Br. 2004 1056 Plumbago auriculata new state (East Maui) Herbarium Lam. Pacificum Staff, 1999 1057 Collomia linearis new state (East Maui) Wagner & Nutt. Herbst, 1995

Page 58 1058 Polygala paniculata new islands (Kauaì, Lorence et al., L. Molokaì, Lanaì) and 1995; range extension (West Oppenheimer et Maui) al., 1999; Oppenheimer, 2006, 2007 1058 Polygala virgata new state (East Maui) Starr & Starr, Thunb. 2011 1059 Coccoloba uvifera newly naturalized Herbst, 1998; (L.) L. (Oàhu) and new Starr et al., 2002; islands (Midway, East Oppenheimer & Maui, West Maui, Bartlett, 2002; Hawaiì, Molokaì) Wysong & Hughes, 2007 1060 Antigonon leptopus new islands (Midway, Bruegmann, Hook. & Arn. Molokaì) pers. comm., 1998; Starr et al., 2002, 2006 1061, Persicaria capitata taxonomic change for Ronse Decraene species of Hawaiian 1063 (Buch.-Ham. ex D. Polygonum & Akeroyd, Polygonum now treated Don) Masam. capitatum; new 1988; in three distinct genera; islands (East Maui, Oppenheimer & segregates gaining wide Oàhu) Bartlett, 2002; acceptance (e.g., Frohlich & Lau, Brandbyge, 1993; 2010 Wilson, 1990) 1063 Persicaria chinensis taxonomic change for Ronse Decraene see note under (L.) H. Gross Polygonum chinense; & Akeroyd, Persicaria capitata new island (Oàhu) 1988; Imada et al., 2008 1063 Fallopia convolvulus taxonomic change for Ronse Decraene see note under (L.) A. Löve Polygonum & Akeroyd, 1988 Persicaria capitata convolvulus 1061, Persicaria glabra taxonomic change for Ronse Decraene see note under 1064 (Willd.) M. Gómez Polygonum glabrum & Akeroyd, Persicaria capitata; 1988; Wilson, Wilson reaches similar 1990 conclusions to ours in note on p. 1064, and treats Persicaria densiflora as a synonym of P. glabra 1061, Persicaria punctata taxonomic change for Ronse Decraene see note under 1064 (Elliott) Small Polygonum & Akeroyd, Persicaria capitata punctatum; new 1988; islands (East Maui, Oppenheimer, Molokaì) 2004; Wood, 2006 1067 Rumex conglomeratus new state (Kauaì) Wagner et al., Murray 1997; Mosyakin & Wagner, 1998

Page 59 1067 Rumex crispus L. taxonomic note Mosyakin & Hawaiian taxon is Wagner, 1998 Rumex crispus subsp. crispus 1067 Rumex crispus L. new state (Oàhu, Mosyakin & not clear if this subsp. fauriei (Rech.) Lanaì), and new Wagner, 1998 subspecies naturalized Mosyakin & W. L. combination and on Oàhu Wagner status 1072 Portulaca lutea Sol. new islands (Kauaì, Wood, 2006; ex G. Forster Niìhau) Imada, 2007 1072 Portulaca oleracea L. new islands Oppenheimer, (Kahoòlawe, Kure 2006; Kennedy, Atoll) 2010 1075 Talinum fruticosum taxonomic change for Wagner & (L.) Juss. T. triangulare and Herbst, 1995 new island (Oàhu) 1075 Talinum paniculatum new island (West Oppenheimer & (Jacq.) Gaertn. Maui) Bartlett, 2000 1076, Anagallis arvensis L. distribution correction Staples et al., 1078 (Kure); new island 2003; Herbst & (Niìhau) Wagner, 1992; Wood & LeGrande, 2006 1080 Lysimachia pendens new species (Kauaì) Marr & Bohm, collection from “Blue K. L. Marr 1997 Hole,” N fork of Wailua River of L. filifolia now treated as distinct 1080 Lysimachia Lysimachia St. John, 1987d; daphnoides (A. Gray) kahiliensis H. St. John Marr & Bohm, Hillebr. recognized by Marr 1997 included by us in L. daphnoides 1080 Lysimachia filifolia range rediscovery Wood, in press C.N. Forbes & (Kauaì) Lydgate 1081 Lysimachia We consider St. John, 1987d; these taxa all hillebrandii Hook. f. Lysimachia Marr & Bohm, recognized as distinct ex A. Gray haupuensis H. St. 1997 by Marr & Bohm, but John, L. ovoidea H. we consider distinction St. John, and L. too weak to separate waianaeensis H. St. from L. hillebrandii; John to be part of the subspecific status L. hillebrandii appears to be complex appropriate for some populations 1082 Lysimachia iniki K. L. new species (Kauaì) Marr & Bohm, “Blue Hole,” N fork of Marr 1997 Wailua River only; rare 1083 Lysimachia new species (Kauaì) Marr & Bohm, Kalalau Valley scopulensis K. L. 1997 Marr

Page 60 1083 Lysimachia remyi newly delimited by Marr & Bohm, we stay for the present Hillebr. Marr and subdivided 1997 with broad delimitation into 4 subspecies, a of this species; classification not subspecies of Marr do recognized here not seem natural groupings 1083 Lysimachia venosa possibly extinct Wood, in press (Wawra) St. John 1085 Banksia integrifolia newly naturalized Starr et al., 2006 L.f. (East Maui) 1086 Grevillea robusta A. new islands (Lanaì, Herbarium Cunn. ex R. Br. Molokaì, Pacificum Staff, Kahoòlawe) 1999; Oppenheimer, 2003; Starr et al., 2006 1086 Macadamia newly naturalized Oppenheimer, integrifolia Maiden & 2010 Betche 1086 Macadamia newly naturalized Oppenheimer, tetraphylla L. A. (East Maui) 2004 Johnson 1091, Colubrina new islands (West Starr et al., 2003; 1093 asiatica (L.) Brongn. Maui, Lanaì) Oppenheimer, 2007 1091, Colubrina new island (West Lau, 1995 single individual 1094 oppositifolia Brongn. Maui) ex H. Mann 1095 Gouania meyenii new island (Kauaì) Lorence et al., Steud. 1995 1097 Gouania vitifolia A. rediscoveries (Oàhu, Herbarium 3 populations (2 on Gray Hawaiì) Pacificum Staff, Oàhu) and total of 1996, 1998 about 15 individuals 1098 Ziziphus mauritiana Frohlich & Lau, reported as newly (Sw.) Griseb. 2010 naturalized on Oàhu, but appears to be only adventive 1099 Bruguiera sexangula misidentification as J. A. Allen, K. misidentification traces (Lour.) Poir. Bruguiera W. Krauss, N. C. to Fosberg (1948) gymnorrhiza Duke, D. R. Herbst, unpubl.; Ding Hou, 1958 1099 Rhizophora mangle L. new island (West Herbarium Maui); range Pacificum Staff, extension (East Maui) 1999; Oppenheimer, 2003 1100 Cotoneaster pannosus newly naturalized Lorence et al., Franch. (Kauaì); new island 1995; Herbarium (East Maui) Pacificum Staff, 1999

Page 61 1100 Eriobotrya japonica newly naturalized Lorence et al., (Thunb.) Lindl. (Kauaì); new islands 1995; Herbarium (East Maui, Lanaì, Pacificum Staff, Oàhu) 1999; Oppenheimer, 2007; Frohlich & Lau, 2008 1102 Acaena exigua A. rediscovery (West Meidell et al., Gray Maui); possibly 1998; Wood, in extinct press 1104 Prunus campanulata newly naturalized Lorence & Maxim. (Kauaì) Flynn, 2006 1104 Prunus persica (L.) newly naturalized Oppenheimer, Batsch (East Maui) 2003 1104 Heteromeles newly naturalized Herbst & arbutifolia (Lindl.) (Hawaiì) Wagner, 1996 M. Roem. 1105 Photinia davidiana newly naturalized Herbarium (Decne.) Cardot (East Maui, Hawaiì) Pacificum Staff, 1996 1105 Pyracantha reidentification; Herbarium annotation by J. B. angustifolia Kauaì only; new Pacificum Staff, Phipps revealed 3 (Franch.) C. K. island (East Maui) 1999; Starr et al., species of Pyracantha Schneid. 2008 1105 Pyracantha reidentification; Herbarium specimens were crenatoserrata newly naturalized Pacificum Staff, misidentified as P. (Hance) Redher (Kauaì, Hawaiì) 1999 angustifolia 1105 Pyracantha koidzumii reidentification; Herbarium specimens were Redher newly naturalized Pacificum Staff, misidentified as P. (Kauaì, Hawaiì); 1999; Staples et angustifolia new island (East al., 2003 Maui) 1105 Rosa newly naturalized Staples et al., ×damascena Mill. (Molokaì, Maui, 2002; Hawaiì) Oppenheimer & Bartlett, 2002 1105 Rosa laevigata newly naturalized Nagata, 1995 Michx. (Lanaì) 1106 Rubus discolor Weihe newly naturalized Conant, 1996; definitely naturalized; & Nees (Oàhu); new island Starr & Starr, new populations in (East Maui) 2011 Palolo Valley 1106 Rubus glaucus Benth. newly naturalized Starr et al., 2003 reported as new island (Maui) 1107 Rubus argutus Link new island (Molokaì) Hughes, 1995 1107 Rubus ellipticus Sm. Frohlich & Lau, Oàhu - not yet var. obcordatus Focke 2007 definitively naturalized, plants removed after collection

Page 62 1109 Rubus macraei A. not a closely related Howarth et al., no close relatives in Gray derivative of R. 1998 Rubus subg. Idaeobatus hawaiensis and results from an independent colonization 1110 Rubus niveus Thunb. range extension Nagata, 1995; (Hawaiì) and new Flynn & island (Kauaì) Lorence, 1998 1118 Bobea timonioides new island (Kauaì) Lorence et al., (Hook. f.) Hillebr. 1995 1119 Psydrax odorata (G. taxonomic change for Smith, 1988 Forst.) A. C. Sm. & S. Canthium odoratum P. Darwin 1121 Coffea liberica Hiern newly naturalized Staples et al., (Oàhu) 2002 1127, Coprosma montana new island (Molokaì) Wysong & 1128 Hillebr. Hughes, 2007 1130 Coprosma new island (East Herbarium rhynchocarpa A. Maui) Pacificum Staff, Gray 1996 1130 Coprosma ternata W. new island (West Wagner & R. B. Oliv. Maui) Herbst, 1995 1131 Diodia apiculata new state (Oàhu) Imada et al., Syn. Diodia rigida (Willd. ex Roem. & 2000 (Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.) K. Schum. Schult.) Cham. & Schltdl. 1131 Galium aparine L. new island (East Starr & Starr, Maui) 2011 1131 Galium divaricatum new island (Hawaiì) Wagner & Pourr. ex Lam. Herbst, 1995 1138 Kadua acuminata taxonomic change Terrell et al., based on morphological Cham. & Schldl. 2005 and molecular data Kadua recognized as distinct from Hedyotis 1139 Oldenlandiopsis range extension (West Oppenheimer & genus not included in callitrichoides Maui), taxonomic Bartlett, 2002; Groeninchkx et al., (Griseb.) Terrell & change for Hedyotis Terrell & Lewis, 2009 W. H. Lewis callitrichoides 1990 1139 Kadua centranthoides taxonomic change Terrell et al., see note under Kadua Hook. & Arn. 2005 acuminata 1140 Kadua cookiana taxonomic change Terrell et al., see note under Kadua Cham. & Schltdl. 2005 acuminata 1141 Kadua coriacea (J. E. taxonomic change Terrell et al., see note under Kadua Smith) W. L. Wagner 2005 acuminata & Lorence

Page 63 1134, Oldenlandia new islands (Kauaì, Lorence et al., 1141 corymbosa L. Kahoòlawe) and 1995; range extension (West Oppenheimer & Maui, Hawaiì); Bartlett, 2002; taxonomic change for Starr et al., 2002, Hedyotis corymbosa 2006; Groeninchkx et al., 2009 1141 Kadua degeneri taxonomic change Terrell et al., see note under Kadua (Fosberg) W. L. 2005 acuminata Wagner & Lorence 1142 Kadua degeneri taxonomic change for Terrell et al., see note under Kadua (Fosberg) W. L. Hedyotis degeneri 2005 acuminata Wagner & Lorence var. degeneri subsp. degeneri 1142 Kadua degeneri taxonomic change for Terrell et al., see note under Kadua (Fosberg) W. L. Hedyotis degeneri 2005 acuminata Wagner & Lorence var. coprosmifolia subsp. coprosmifolia (Fosberg) W. L. Wagner & Lorence 1142, Kadua elatior (H. taxonomic change Terrell et al., see note under Kadua 1143 Mann) W. L. Wagner 2005 acuminata & Lorence 1142 Kadua fluviatilis C.N. taxonomic change Terrell et al., see note under Kadua Forbes 2005 acuminata 1144 Kadua flynnii (W. L. new species (Kauaì); Wagner & cliffs in northern Wagner & Lorence) taxonomic change Lorence, 1998; valleys; rare; see note W. L. Wagner & Terrell et al., under Kadua Lorence 2005 acuminata 1143, Kadua foggiana taxonomic change Terrell et al., see note under Kadua 1144 (Fosberg) W. L. 2005 acuminata Wagner & Lorence 1145 Kadua foliosa Hillebr. taxonomic change Terrell et al., see note under Kadua 2005 acuminata 1143, Kadua formosa taxonomic change Terrell et al., see note under Kadua 1145 Hillebr. 2005 acuminata 1145 Kadua fosbergii (W. taxonomic change Terrell et al., see note under Kadua L. Wagner & D. R. 2005 acuminata Herbst) W. L. Wagner & Lorence 1143, Kadua axillaris taxonomic change for Terrell et al., see note under Kadua 1146 (Wawra) W. L. Hedyotis hillebrandii 2005 acuminata Wagner & Lorence 1147 Kadua knudsenii taxonomic change Terrell et al., see note under Kadua Hillebr. 2005 acuminata 1147, Kadua littoralis taxonomic change Terrell et al., see note under Kadua 1149 Hillebr. 2005 acuminata 1148, Kadua laxiflora H. taxonomic change for Terrell et al., see note under Kadua 1149 Mann Hedyotis mannii 2005 acuminata

Page 64 1148 Kadua parvula A. taxonomic change Terrell et al., see note under Kadua Gray 2005 acuminata 1149, Kadua st.-johnii (B. taxonomic change Terrell et al., see note under Kadua 1150 C. Stone & Lane) W. 2005 acuminata L. Wagner & Lorence 1150 Kadua cordata Cham. taxonomic change for Terrell et al., see note under Kadua & Schtdl. subsp. Hedyotis 2005 acuminata cordata schlechtendahliana 1150 Kadua cordata Cham. taxonomic change for Terrell et al., see note under Kadua & Schtdl. subsp. H. 2005 acuminata remyi (Hillebr.) W. L. schlechtendahliana Wagner & Lorence var. remyi 1149 Kadua cordata Cham. resurrection from Wagner & the flower in lower 1150 & Schtdl. subsp. synonymy of H. Lorence, 1998; right of pl. 166 is H. waimeae (Wawra) W. schlechtendahliana Terrell et al., schlechtendahliana L. Wagner & Lorence var. 2005 subsp. waimeae from schlechtendahliana, Flynn & Lopez 1466; new combination, and see note under Kadua status; taxonomic acuminata change for Hedyotis schlechtendahliana subsp. waimeae 1152, Kadua affinis (DC) taxonomic change for Terrell et al., see note under Kadua 1154 Hedyotis terminalis 2005 acuminata 1154, Kadua tryblium (D. taxonomic change Terrell et al., see note under Kadua 1155 R. Herbst & W. L. 2005 acuminata Wagner) W. L. Wagner & Lorence 1156 Kadua haupuensis new species (Kauaì); Lorence et al., restricted to Haùpu Lorence & W.L. possibly extinct 2010; Wood, in Mtn., likely extirpated Wagner press 1156 Mitracarpus hirtus new island (East Starr et al., 2003 (L.) DC. Maui) 1157 Gynochthodes trimera new island (Kauaì); Lorence et al., change based on (Hillebr.) Razafim & taxonomic change for 1995; molecular data B. Bremer Morinda trimera Razafimandimbis on et al., 2009; Razafimandimbis on & Bremer, 2011 1158, Nertera granadensis taxonomic change, Heads, 1996; list of Hawaiian species 1159 (Mutis ex L. f.) Druce genus Nertera Oppenheimer & out of date in Heads’ transferred to a Bartlett, 2000; article; genus section of Coprosma; considered to be and range extension separate from (East Maui); Coprosma based on taxonomic change molecular evidence

Page 65 1160 Paederia foetida L. taxonomic name Wagner & change for P. Herbst, 1995; scandens; new island Starr et al., 1999; (East Maui); range Oppenheimer, extension (West 2003 Maui) 1160 Pentas lanceolata newly naturalized Nagata, 1995; (Forssk.) Deflers (Hawaiì) and new Starr et al., 2002 island (East Maui) 1164 Psychotria misidentification, Herbarium these collections are not greenwelliae Fosberg erroneous new island Pacificum Staff, P. greenwelliae and (Oàhu) 1996 need to be redetermined 1171 Richardia brasiliensis new island Oppenheimer, R. brasiliensis & R. Gomes (Molokaì); 2006; Imada et scabra specimens correction, former al., 2008 reidentified island (Molokaì) 1171 Richardia scabra L. new state (Kauaì); Lorence et al., R. brasiliensis & R. new islands (West 1995; scabra specimens Maui, Oàhu, Oppenheimer, reidentified Molokaì, East Maui) 2003; Imada et al., 2008 1171 Serissa japonica newly naturalized Wagner et al., (Thunb.) Thunb. (Hawaiì) 1997 1171, Sherardia arvensis L. new island (Molokaì) Oppenheimer, 1172 2008 1172, Spermacoce new islands Oppenheimer, 1173 assurgens Ruiz & (Molokaì, Lanaì) 2003 Pav. 1173 Spermacoce capitata new state (Hawaiì) Wagner et al., Ruiz & Pav. 1997 1173 Spermacoce exilis (L. taxonomic name Lorence et al., O. Williams) C. D. change for S. 1995 Adams mauritiana 1173 Spermacoce latifolia new state (Kauaì); Lorence et al., Aubl. new islands (East 1995; Maui, Molokì) Oppenheimer, 2004, 2010 1173 Spermacoce ovalifolia new state (Hawaiì); Lorence et al., first collection of this (M. Martens & new islands (Oàhu, 1995; Wagner et species, which cannot Galeotti) Hemsl. Maui) al., 1997; be located, referred to Oppenheimer, in a note as S. 2003 prostrata, a misidentification 1174 Murraya new island (East Starr et al., 2003 reported as newly paniculata (L.) Jack Maui) naturalized on Oàhu by Kraus in the Records of the Hawaii Biological Survey (issue number and year unknown)

Page 66 1175 Flindersia brayleyana new island (Maui) Oppenheimer, F. Muell. 2003; Starr et al., 2004 1188 Melicope elliptica A. new island (Molokaì) Herbarium Gray Pacificum Staff, 1996 1188 Pelea elliptica (A. invalid name Wagner & lacking Latin diagnosis Gray) Hillebr. var. Shannon, 1998 mauiensis H. St. John 1190 Melicope invalid names Wagner & lacking Latin diagnosis; honoluluensis (H. St. Shannon, 1998 see M. hosakae John) T. G. Hartley & B. C. Stone and Pelea honoluluensis H. St. John 1190, Melicope hosakae (H. nomenclatural name Wagner & basionym (Pelea 1191 St. John) W. L. change and new Shannon, 1998 honoluluensis) and Wagner & R. K. combination subsequent Shannon combination in Melicope not validly published, next available name was P. hosakae 1192 Pelea kavaiensis H. corrected synonymy Wagner & placed as synonym of Mann var. glabra Shannon, 1998 M. kavaiensis, it Hillebr. actually represents M. anisata 1193 Melicope macropus possibly extinct Wood, in press (Hillebr.) T.G. Hartley & B.C. Stone 1196 Melicope nealae possibly extinct Wood, in press (B.C. Stone) T. G Hartley & B. C. Stone 1198 Melicope ovata (H. new island (Oàhu) Wagner & St. John & Hume) T. Shannon, 1998 G. Hartley & B. C. Stone 1198 Melicope pallida rediscovery (Kauaì) Lorence et al., (Hillebr.) T. G. 1995 Hartley & B. C. Stone 1191, Melicope sessilis (H. nomenclatural name Hartley, 2001 1199, Lév.) T. G. Hartely & change and new 1706 B. C. Stone combination for plants treated as Pelea parvifolia and M. mauii 1199 Melicope paniculata rediscovery (Kauaì) Lorence et al., (H. St. John) T. G. 1995 Hartley & B. C. Stone

Page 67 1199 Pelea peduncularis H. invalid name Wagner & lacking Latin diagnosis Lév. var. ternifolia Shannon, 1998 (B. C. Stone) B. C. Stone 1199 Pelea wawraeana invalid name Wagner & lacking Latin diagnosis Rock var. ternifolia Shannon, 1998 B. C. Stone 1202 Melicope rediscovery (Kauaì); Lorence et al., quadrangularis (H. possibly extinct 1995; Wood, in St. John & Hume) T. press G. Hartley & B. C. Stone 1205, Melicope volcanica new island (Molokaì) Oppenheimer, 1207 (A. Gray) T. G. 2008 Hartley & B. C. Stone 1206 Melicope hiiakae (B. resurrection from Lau, pers. Lau’s collections C. Stone) T. G. synonymy of M. comm., 1995 clearly show this is a Hartley & B. C. Stone wawraeana Rock distinct species more closely related to M. lydgatei and M. sessilis 1211 Ruta graveolens L. newly naturalized Starr et al., 2004 (East Maui) 1214 Zanthoxylum new island (Kauaì); Lorence et al., hawaiiense Hillebr. range extension (West 1995; Wood, Maui) 2007 1220 Santalum album L. newly naturalized Frohlich & Lau, (Oàhu) 2008 1221 S. freycinetianum taxonomic change for Harbaugh et al., restricted only to Oàhu Gaudich. S. freycinetianum var. 2010 freycinetianum; also Molokaì plants now considered to be S. haleakalae var. lanaiense 1221 S. pyrularium taxonomic change for Harbaugh et al., reduced variability of Gaudich. S. freycinetianum var. 2010 floral morphology with pyrularium exclusion of S. involutum, restricted to Kauaì 1221 S. involutum H. St. resurrection from Harbaugh et al., presumed ancient John synonymy of S. 2010 hybrid between S. freycinetianum var. pyrularium and the S. pyrularium ellipticum clade. 1222 Santalum haleakalae taxonomic change for Harbaugh et al., not found to be Hillebr. var. S. haleakalae 2010 genetically distinct haleakalae from S. freycinetianum 1222 Santalum haleakalae taxonomic change for Harbaugh et al., var. lanaiense Hillebr. var. S. freycinetianum var. 2010 lanaiense (Rock) lanaiense Harbaugh

Page 68 1224 Filicium decipiens newly naturalized Staples et al., (Wight & Arn.) (Oàhu); new islands 2002; Thwaites (Maui, Hawaiì) Oppenheimer, 2003; Starr et al., 2004 1223, Alectryon range extension (East Oppenheimer, 1225 macrococcus Radlk. Maui) 2003 subsp. macrococcus 1225 Allophyllus cobbe (L.) Frohlich & Lau, reported as newly Raeusch. 2008 naturalized on Oàhu, but appears to be only adventive 1226 Cupaniopsis newly naturalized Frohlich & Lau, anacardioides (A. (Oàhu); new island 2010; Starr & Rich.) Radlk. (East Maui) Starr, 2011 1227 Dodonaea viscosa new island Starr et al., 2006 Jacq. (Kahoòlawe) 1228 Koelreuteria elegans newly naturalized Oppenheimer, (Seem.) A. C. Sm. (West Maui); range 2003; Starr et al., subsp. formosana extension (East 2008; Frohlich & (Hayata) F. G. Mey. Maui); new island Lau, 2010 (Oàhu) 1231 Chrysophyllum newly naturalized Lorence et al., oliviforme L. (Kauaì); new islands 1995; Wagner et (Oàhu, Hawaiì, al., 1997; Maui) Oppenheimer, 2003 1232 Sideroxylon taxonomic change for Swenson & polynesicum Nesoluma Anderberg, 2005; (Hillebr). Smedmark polynesicum Smedmark & & Anderb. Anderberg, 2007 1233 Planchonella taxonomic change for Swenson et al., sandwicensis (A. Pouteria 2007 Gray) sandwicensis 1234 Sideroxylon persimile newly naturalized Starr et al., 2002; (Hemsl.) T. D. Penn. (Oàhu, Lanaì, East Staples et al., Maui); range 2003 extension (Oàhu) 1235 Hebe speciosa (A. newly naturalized Shannon & Cunn) Cockayne & (Hawaiì) Wagner, 1996 Allan

1235 Mazus pumilis (Burm. newly naturalized Oppenheimer, F.) Steenis (East Maui) 2004 1236, Antirrhinum orontium new island Staples et al., 1238 L. (Kaho`olawe) and 2002; Starr et al., range extension (East 2002, 2006; Maui, Kaho`olawe, Oppenheimer, West Maui) 2007

Page 69 1238, Castilleja arvensis new island (O`ahu, Staples et al., 1239 Cham. & Schltdl. Lana`i) 2003; Oppenheimer, 2007 1238, Linaria canadensis new island (East Starr et al., 2002 1241 (L.) Dum. Cours. var. Maui) texana (Scheele) Pennell 1242 Lindernia antipoda new island (West Oppenheimer, (l.) Alston Maui) 2004

1242, Lindernia crustacea new island (West Oppenheimer, 1243 (L.) F. Muell Maui) 2003 1242 Lindernia new state (Kauaì) Lorence et al., procumbens (Krock.) 1995 Philcox 1244 Lophospermum new island (East Starr et al., 1999 erubescens D. Don Maui) 1246 Torenia asiatica L. taxonomic Staples et al., most Hawaiian clarification 2002 specimens identified as T. asiatica actually T. glabra; known from single collection from Puù Makaàla area 1243, Torenia glabra newly naturalized Staples et al., 1246 Osbeck (Oàhu, Hawaiì) and 2002 misidentification as T. asiatica 1250 Veronica peregrina L. new island (Kauaì; Lorence et al., subsp. xalapensis East Maui) 1995; Starr et al., (Kunth) Pennell 2002 1250 Veronica serpyllifolia new islands (Lanaì, Nagata, 1995; L. East Maui, Molokaì)) Starr et al., 2003, Oppenheimer, 2006 1252 Brugmansia candida new island (Molokaì) Hughes, 1995 Pers. 1254 Cestrum nocturnum new islands (East Oppenheimer & L. Maui, Hawaiì, Bartlett, 2000; Lanaì); range Starr et al., 2003; extension (West Oppenheimer, Maui) 2007, 2010 1258, Solanum taxonomic change for Wagner et al., 1259 lycopersicum L. var. Lycopersicon 1997 cerasiforme (Dunal) esculentum and D. M. Spooner, G. J. misidentification as Anderson & R. K. naturalized plants as Jansen L. pimpinellifolium 1260, Nicandra physalodes new island (Lanaì) Oppenheimer, 1261 (L.) Gaertn. 2010

Page 70 1260 Nicotiana glauca new islands (Hawaiì, Wagner & Graham Molokaì) Herbst, 1995; Oppenheimer, 2003 1265 Physalis angulata L. new islands (Oàhu, Imada et al., Hawaiì, Molokaì) 2000; Oppenheimer, 2003; Staples et al., 2006 1265 Physalis ixocarpa new state (Molokaì) Nagata, 1995 a single individual in Brot. ex Hornem. arid shrubland; not clear if naturalized 1265 Physalis lanceifolia new state (East Maui) Wagner & Nees Herbst, 1995 1269 Solanum capsicoides new island (West Oppenheimer & All. Maui) Bartlett, 2000 1270 Solanum range extension (West Oppenheimer et elaeagnifolium Cav. Maui) al., 1999 1271 Solanum linnaeanum new island Herbarium Hepper & P.-M. L. (Kahoòlawe) Pacificum Staff, Jaeger 1998 1267 Solanum rostratum new island (East Starr et al., 2004 as with plants Dunal Maui) previously known from Pohukuloa, all known Maui plants removed 1275, Solanum new island (Hawaiì) Staples et al., 1277 seaforthianum Andr. 2003 1276 Solanum torvum Sw. range extension (West Oppenheimer et Maui); new island al., 1999; Starr et (Hawaiì) al., 2003 1278 Solanum villosum new state (Hawaiì) Imada et al., Mill. 2008 1278 Streptosolen newly naturalized Lorence & jamesonii (Benth.) (Kauaì) Flynn, 1997 Miers 1279 Melochia umbellata new islands (West Oppenheimer, (Houtt.) Stapf Maui, Oàhu) 2004; Frohlich & Lau, 2007 1279 Sterculia apetala newly naturalized Oppenheimer, (Jacq.) Karst. (West Maui) 2003 1279 Sterculia foetida L. newly naturalized Frohlich & Lau, (Oàhu) 2010 1280 Waltheria pyrolifolia proposed resurrection Saunders, 2011 this species not A. Gray from synonymy of W. recognized by us as indica distinct from W. indica 1281 Camellia sinensis (L.) newly naturalized Lorence & Kuntze (Kauaì); new island Flynn, 2006; (Hawaiì) Staples et al., 2006 1290 Wikstroemia villosa rediscovery (East Oppenheimer, Hillebr. Maui) 2011

Page 71 1292, Heliocarpus new island (Lanaì) Oppenheimer, 1293 popayanensis Kunth 2007 1293, Triumfetta new island (Molokaì) Wysong & 1294 semitriloba Jacq. Hughes, 2007 1296 Turnera ulmifolia L. new islands (Maui, Oppenheimer, Hawaii, Oàhu) 2004; Frohlich & Lau, 2007 1303 Neraudia notable rediscovery Oppenheimer, last collected on melastomifolia Gaud. (Molokaì) 2008 Molokaì in 1948 1306 Pilea microphylla (L.) new islands (Midway: Wagner & Liebm. Eastern Is. and Sand Herbst, 1995; Is., Lanaì, Molokaì) Shannon & Wagner, 1996; Oppenheimer & Bartlett, 2002, Oppenheimer, 2006 1306 Pilea peploides new island (Niìhau) Wood & (Gaud.) Hook. & LeGrande, 2006 Arnott 1310 Procris pedunculata Frohlich & Lau, reported as newly (J.R. Forst. & G. 2008 naturalized on Oàhu, Forst.) Wedd. but appears to be only adventive 1314 Urtica urens L. new island (Oàhu) Herbarium Pacificum Staff, 1996 1316 Phyla nodiflora (L.) newly naturalized Starr et al., 2002; Greene (Midway: Sand Isl., Kennedy, 2010 West Maui), new islands (Oàhu, Molokaì) 1317 Citharexylum range extension Nagata, 1995; caudatum L. (Oàhu); new islands Starr et al., 1999, (Kauaì, East Maui, 2004; Hawaiì) Oppenheimer, 2003 1317 Citharexylum newly naturalized Herbarium spinosum L. (Oàhu) and new Pacificum Staff, island (East Maui, 1998; Starr et al., Molokaì) 2002, 2006 1319 Clerodendrum newly naturalized Starr et al., 2006; typographical error in buchananii var. fallax (Maui); new island Frohlich & Lau, genus name in (Lindl.) Baker (Hawaiì) 2007; Parker and publication; Oàhu - Parsons, 2010 adventive, not yet definitively naturalized 1319 Clerodendrum nomenclatural name Wagner & chinense (Osb.-Kos.) change from C. Herbst, 1995 Mabb. philippinum

Page 72 1318, Clerodendrum newly naturalized Lorence & 1319 macrostegium (Kauaì) Flynn, 1997 Schauer 1319 Duranta erecta L. newly naturalized Lorence et al., (Kauaì) and new 1995; Herbarium island (Oàhu) Pacificum Staff, 1998 1320 Lantana new island (Kauaì) Lorence et al., montevidensis 1995 (Spreng.) Briq. 1318, Stachytarpheta taxonomic change for Munir, 1992 1321 australis Moldenke S. dichotoma sensu description in Wagner et al. (1990); the type of S. dichotoma is the same taxon as S. cayennensis 1322, Stachytarpheta taxonomic change for Munir, 1992 S. cayennensis 1323 cayennensis (Rich.) S. urticifolia; S. hybridizes with S. Vahl dichotoma also jamaicensis at least at becomes a synonym Kolekole Pass and here Waimanalo, Oàhu, and with S. mutabilis on Kauaì 1322, Stachytarpheta new island (Molokaì) Oppenheimer, 1323 jamaicensis (L.) Vahl 2003 1325 Verbena bonariensis new island (Kauaì) Lorence et al., Oàhu - not yet L. 1995; Frohlich & definitively naturalized, Lau, 2008 plants removed after collection 1325 Verbena rigida Frohlich & Lau, Oàhu - not yet Spreng. 2008 definitively naturalized, plants removed after identification 1326 Vitex parviflora Juss. newly naturalized Frohlich & Lau, (Oàhu) 2008 1327 Vitex trifolia L. newly naturalized Wysong & (Molokaì) Hughes, 2007 1331 Isodendrion rediscovery (Hawaiì) Herbarium pyrifolium A. Gray Pacificum Staff, 1996 1332 Viola odorata L. new islands (Hawaiì, Shannon & Kauaì) Wagner, 1996; Imada, 2007

Page 73 1338 Korthalsella proposed taxonomic Molvray, 1997 Barlow (1997) does not complanata (Tiegh.) change: inclusion in a accept Molvray’s Engl. broadly delimited and taxonomy; we concur widespread (Indian that this sweeping and Pacific Ocean) K. change should be taenioides (Comm. ex further evaluated before DC.) Engl.f. adopting taenioides 1339 Korthalsella retained at species Molvray, 1997 this change should be cylindrica (Tiegh.) level, but distribution further evaluated before Engl. extended to include adopting Tahiti 1339 Korthalsella degeneri proposed taxonomic Molvray, 1997 this sweeping change Danser change: inclusion in a should be further broadly delimited and evaluated before widespread adopting (Marquesas and Hawaiian Is., Tahiti, Somoa, Fiji, and Norfolk Is.) K. taenioides (Comm. ex DC.) Engl. f. horneana (Tiegh.) Molvray 1339 Korthalsella latissima proposed taxonomic Molvray, 1997 this change should be (Tiegh.) Danser change: forma status further evaluated before and highly disjunct adopting distribution (Hawaiian Is. and Australia) K. taenioides (Comm. ex DC.) Engl. f. pendula (Wawra) Molvray 1340 Korthalsella proposed taxonomic Molvray, 1997 this sweeping change platycaula (Tiegh.) change: inclusion in a should be further Engl. broadly delimited and evaluated before widespread (Indian adopting and Pacific Ocean) K. taenioides (Comm. ex DC.) Engl. f. taenioides; Bifaria hillebrandii Tiegh. is a synonym here

Page 74 1340 Korthalsella remyana proposed taxonomic Molvray, 1997 this change should be Tiegh. change: forma status further evaluated before and highly disjunct adopting distribution (Hawaiian Island and Tahiti) K. taenioides (Comm. ex DC.) Engl. f. remyana (Tiegh.) Molvray 1342 Curcuma longa L. new island (Kauaì) Wood, in press 1342 Cissus Newly naturalized Frohlich & Lau, quadrangularis L. (Oàhu) 2008 1342 Cissus rhombifolia newly naturalized Starr et al., 2004 Vahl (West Maui) 1342 Cissus rotundifolia newly naturalized Lorence & (Forssk.) Vahl (Kauaì) and new Flynn, 1997; island (Oàhu, East Herbst, 1998; Maui) Starr et al., 2002 1342 Tetrastigma newly naturalized Oppenheimer & pubinerve Merr. & (West Maui) Bartlett, 2000 Chun 1344 Tribulus terrestris L. new island (Molokaì) Oppenheimer, 2003 1347 Sansevieria newly naturalized Imada et al., trifasciata Prain (Oàhu) and new 2000; Flynn & islands (Kauaì, East Lorence, 2002; Maui) Starr et al., 2003 1350 Furcraea foetida (L.) new island Starr & Starr, Haw. (Kahoòlawe) 2011 1355 Sagittaria latifolia new island (Hawaiì) Imada et al., Willd. 2000 1355 Aloe vera (L.) Burm. newly naturalized Lorence et al., f. (Kauaì) and new 1995; Herbarium islands (Oàhu, West Pacificum Staff, Maui, Molokaì, 1999; Lanaì) Oppenheimer, 2003, 2011; Wysong & Hughes,2007; 1356 Aglaonema newly naturalized Imada, 2007 commutatum Schott (Oàhu) 1356 Alocasia cucullata newly naturalized Staples et al., (Lour.) G. Don (East Maui, Hawaiì), 2003; new islands Oppenheimer, (Molokaì, Oàhu) 2007; Imada, 2007 1356 Alocasia new island (Hawaiì) Imada et al., Imada et al. incorrectly macrorrhizos (L.) G. 2000 attributed authorship of Don the combination to Schott

Page 75 1356 Caladium bicolor newly naturalized Resslar, 2010 (Aiton) Vent. (Hawaiì) 1357 Dieffenbachia newly naturalized Lorence & maculata (Loddiges) (Kauaì), new island Flynn, 2006; G. Don (West Maui) Oppenheimer, 2007 1359 Philodendron newly naturalized Flynn & erubescens K. Koch (Kauaì), new island Lorence, 2002; & Augustin (East Maui) Oppenheimer, 2007 1359 Philodendron newly naturalized Oppenheimer, lacerum (Jacq.) (East Maui) 2004 Schott 1359 Philodendron newly naturalized Flynn & pinnatifidum (Jacq.) (Kauaì) Lorence, 2002 Schott 1359 Philodendron newly naturalized Oppenheimer, scandens K. Koch & (Kauaì) 2008 Sello 1359 Syngonium newly naturalized Oppenheimer, podophyllum Schott (West Maui); new 2006, 2011 island (Oàhu) 1359 Xanthosoma newly naturalized Staples & robustum Schott (Kauaì, Oàhu) and Woolliams, new islands (Maui, 1997; Hawaiì); taxonomic Oppenheimer & name change for Bartlett, 2000; Xanthosoma roseum Imada et al., 2000; Govaerts & Frodin, 2002; Herbst et al., 2004 1358, Livistonia chinesis new islands (West Oppenheimer, 1364 (Jacq.) R. Br. Ex Maui, Kauaì) 2003, 2011 Mart. 1359 Epipremnum new island (Molokaì Oppenheimer, pinnatum (L.) Engl. 2007 1362 Archontophoenix new island (East Oppenheimer, alexandrae (F.v. Maui) 2011 Muell.) H.A. Wendl. & Drude 1367 Pritchardia nomenclatural change Hodel, 2007 maideniana Becc. for Pritchardia affinis 1369 Pritchardia distribution status Hodel, 2007 restricted to Mauna Loa beccariana Rock change not on Kilauea 1369 Pritchardia flynnii new species (Kauaì); Lorence & Hodel refers some Lorence & Gemmill Gemmill, 2004; specimens formerly Hodel, 2007 attributed to P. flynnii to P. perlmanii 1369 Pritchardia range extension Hodel, 2007 forbesiana Rock (eastern Molokaì)

Page 76 1369 Pritchardia glabrata Pritchardia elliptica no significant Becc & Rock and P. lanaiensis differences between P. added as synonyms glabrata, P. elliptica & P. lanaiensis 1370 Pritchardia gordonii new species (Hawaii) Hodel, 2007 separation of species Hodel from P. schattaueri 1370 Pritchardia distribution status Hodel, 2007 now restricted to rocky hillebrandii Becc. change and author islets of Huelo and correction Mokapa off north coast of Molokaì 1371 Pritchardia Hodel resurrects P. Hodel, 2007 P. martii complex need kahukuensis Caum kahukuensis from careful consideration synonymy of P. before making a martii, a classification taxonomic change not recognized here 1371 Pritchardia new species (Kauaì) St. John, 1988; extremely rare and limahuliensis H. St. Gemmill, pers. endangered John comm., 1997 1373 Pritchardia Pritchardia Hodel, 2007 no significant napaliensis St. John limahuliensis placed differences noted within P. napaliensis between P. napaliensis and P. limahuliensis 1373 Pritchardia perlmanii new species (Kauaì); Gemmill, 1998; extremely rare and Gemmill distribution status Hodel, 2007 endangered; collections change formerly referred to P. flynnii from Makaleha Mts., Pole Line Trail, & Wainiha included by Hodel as P. perlmanii 1373 Pritchardia remota Pritchardia aylmer- Hodel, 2007 no significant Becc. robinsonii added as a differences noted new synonym and between P. aylmer- author correction robinsonii and P. remota 1375 Pritchardia woodii new species (East Hodel, 2007 separation of species Hodel Maui) from P. lanigera 1375 Roystonea regia newly naturalized Frohlich & Lau, (Kunth) O. F. Cook (Oàhu) 2007 1375 Washingtonia filifera newly naturalized Oppenheimer & (L. Linden) H. (West Maui); new Bartlett, 2002; Wendl. island (Oàhu) Frohlich & Lau, 2010 1375 Washingtonia robusta newly naturalized Oppenheimer & H. Wendl. (West Maui); new Bartlett, 2002; island (Oàhu) Frohlich & Lau, 2010 1375 Aechmea bracteata Frohlich & Lau, reported as newly (Sw.) Griseb. 2008 naturalized on Oàhu, but appears to be only adventive

Page 77 1375 Guzmania lindenii new state (Oàhu) Frohlich & Lau, (André) Mez 2010 1375 Guzmania new state (Oàhu) Frohlich & Lau, monostachia (L.) 2010 Rusby ex Mez 1375 Tillandsia balbisiana newly naturalized Frohlich & Lau, Schult. f. (Oàhu) 2010 1375 Tillandsia bulbosa new state (Manoa Frohlich & Lau, Hook. Valley) 2010 1375 Tillandsia caput- newly naturalized Oppenheimer, medusae C. J. Morren (East Maui) 2006 1375 Tillandsia gardneri new state (Oàhu) Frohlich & Lau, Lindl. 2010 1375 Tillandsia fasciculata new state (Oàhu) Frohlich & Lau, Sw. 2010 1375 Tillandsia juncea Frohlich & Lau, reported as new state (Ruiz & Pav.) Poir. 2010 naturalized record on Oàhu, but appears to be only adventive 1375 Tillandsia polystachia new state (Oàhu) Frohlich & Lau, (L.) L. 2010 1375 Tillandsia recurvata newly naturalized Frohlich & Lau, (L.) L. (Oàhu) 2010 1375 Tillandsia stricta Sol. new state (Oàhu) Frohlich & Lau, 2010 1375 Tillandsia usneoides Frohlich & Lau, reported as newly (L.) L. 2007 naturalized on Oàhu, but appears to be only adventive 1378 Callisia fragrans new island (East Starr et al., 2003 (Lindl.) Woodson Maui) 1378 Callisia repens L. newly naturalized Frohlich & Lau, (Oàhu) 2010 1377, Commelina new island (Molokaì) Oppenheimer, 1379 benghalensis L. 2003 1380 Palisota bracteosa C. newly naturalized Herbst et al., B. Clarke (Oàhu) 2004 1380 Tradescantia newly naturalized Staples et al., fluminensis Vellozo (Maui, Hawaiì) 2006 1380 Tradescantia newly naturalized Frohlich & Lau, spathaea Sw. (Oàhu) 2010 1380 Tradescantia zebrina newly naturalized Lorence & Bosse (Kauaì); new island Flynn, 1997; (West Maui); range Oppenheimer & extension (East Bartlett, 2000; Maui); new island Starr et al., 2004; (Molokaì) Oppenheimer, 2007

Page 78 1381 Cheilocostus new islands (Kauaì, Wagner & speciosus (J. König) Maui, Oàhu); Herbst, 1995; C. Specht taxonomic change for Oppenheimer & Costus speciosus Bartlett, 2000; Frohlich & Lau, 2008; Specht & Stevenson, 2006 1381 Costus woodsonii new state (East Maui) Oppenheimer, Maas 2004 1388 Carex inversa R. Br. new state (Hawaiì) Shaw & Pohakuloa Training Douglas, 1995 Area 1389 Carex longii Mack. new state (Hawaiì, Strong & mentioned as status East Maui); new Wagner, 1997; unknown as C. ovalis island (Molokaì) Oppenheimer, Gooden., a 2010 misidentification 1390 Carex nealae R. taxonomic change for Dragon & C. nealae related to Krauss C. thungergii Barrington, 2009 North American species, not Asian where C. thunbergii occurs 1392 Carex wahuensis C. new island (Molokaì) Kennedy, 2010 A. Mey. subsp. rubiginosa (R. W. Krauss) T. Koyama 1395 Cyperus involucratus nomenclatural/taxono Strong & Rottb. mic change for C. Wagner, 1997; alternifolius L.; new Oppenheimer, islands (Molokaì, 2007; Imada et Lanaì) al., 2008 1395 Cyperus compressus new islands (East Wagner & L. Maui, Molokaì, Herbst, 1995; Kauaì) Oppenheimer, 2006; Wood, 2006 1395 Cyperus confertus new state (Hawaiì) Herbarium Sw. Pacificum Staff, 1996; Strong & Wagner, 1997 1395 Cyperus cyperoides new state (Hawaiì) Herbarium not known if (L.) Kuntze Pacificum Staff, naturalized 1996; Strong & Wagner, 1997 1391, Cyperus difformis L. new island (West Starr et al., 2002, 1395 Maui); range 2006 extension (East Maui) 1396 Cyperus eragrostis new state (Hawaiì) Staples et al., Lam. 2003 1396 Cyperus esculentus L. rediscovery Strong & now known from 2 (Hawaiì); new island Wagner, 1997; collections (Kauaì) Wood, 2006

Page 79 1396 Cyperus gracilis R. new islands Hughes, 1995; Br. (Molokaì, Lanaì, Oppenheimer & Hawaiì, Kahoòlawe) Bartlett, 2002; Starr et al., 2003; Starr & Starr, 2011 1396, Cyperus haspan L. new islands Hughes, 1995; 1397 (Molokaì, Oàhu, Wood, 2006; Lanaì) and spelling Oppenheimer, correction 2008 1398 Cyperus involucratus new islands (Hawaiì, Imada et al., Imada et al. incorrectly Rottb. Lanaì) 2000, 2008 attributed authorship to Roxburgh 1398 Cyperus papyrus L. new island (Hawaiì) Staples et al., 2003 1399 Cyperus prolifer Lam. newly naturalized Strong & also cultivated (Kauaì) Wagner, 1997 1399 Cyperus rotundus L. new islands (French Hughes, 1995; Frigate Shoals, Strong & Molokaì) Wagner, 1997 1399 Cyperus sphacelatus new state (Molokaì) Oppenheimer, 2008 1401, Eleocharis geniculata new islands (West Oppenheimer, 1402 (L.) Roem. & Schult. Maui, Lanaì) 2003; Imada et al., 2008 1403 Eleocharis olivacea new state (Hawaiì) Strong & Torr. Wagner, 1997 1403 Eleocharis radicans new island (Hawaiì) Imada et al., (Poir.) Kunth 2000 1403 Eleocharis schaffneri new state (Kauaì) Strong & Boeck. Wagner, 1997 1404 Fimbristylis aestivalis new island (Hawaiì) Oppenheimer & (Retz.) Vahl Bartlett, 2002 1405, Fimbristylis new island (Lanaì) Oppenheimer, 1407 dichotoma (L.) Vahl 2007 1406 Fimbristylis new state (Oàhu) Strong & ferruginea (L.) Vahl Wagner, 1997 1406 Fimbristylis littoralis new state (Kauaì) Strong & Fimbristylis miliacea Gaud. and new islands Wagner, 1997; (L.) Vahl is a rejected (Hawaiì, East Maui); Imada et al., name name change 2000; Oppenheimer, 2003; Strong, 2004 1408 Gahnia aspera new island (Kauaì) Lorence et al., Spreng. subsp. 1995 globosa (H. Mann) J. Kern 1409 Gahnia beecheyi H. new island (Molokaì) Hughes, 1995 Mann

Page 80 1407, Morelotia new island (Kauaì); Lorence et al., treated as an indigenous 1409 gahniiformis taxonomic change; 1995 species of Gahnia; this Gaudich. distribution status species is an Hawaiian change endemic 1410 Gahnia lacera (A. taxonomic change for Koyama et al., re-examination of Rich) Steud. G. lanaiensis 2010 Hawaiian material revealed correct identification 1413 Kyllinga nemoralis (J. new islands Oppenheimer, R. Forst. & G. Forst.) (Molokaì, Lanaì) 2003 Dandy ex Hutch. & Dalziel 1416 Cyperus congestus taxonomic change Strong & Mariscus not Vahl Wagner, 1997; recognized Tucker, 1994 1416 Cyperus cyperinus taxonomic change; Strong & Mariscus not (Retz.) Suringar new island (Maui) Wagner, 1997; recognized Tucker, 1994; Starr et al., 2006 1412, Cyperus fauriei Kük. taxonomic change Strong & Mariscus not 1417 Wagner, 1997; recognized Tucker, 1994 1417, Cyperus hillebrandii taxonomic change Strong & Mariscus not 1419 Boeck. var. Wagner, 1997; recognized; available hillebrandii and C. h. Tucker, 1994 names at varietal level var. decipiens (Hillebr.) Kük. 1418, Cyperus hypochlorus taxonomic change Strong & Mariscus not 1419 Hillebr. var. Wagner, 1997; recognized; available hypochlorus and C. h. Tucker, 1994 names at varietal level var. brevior Kük. 1419, Cyperus javanicus taxonomic change Strong & Mariscus not 1420 Houtt. Wagner, 1997; recognized Tucker, 1994 1419, Cyperus meyenianus taxonomic change; Strong & Mariscus not 1420 Kunth new islands Wagner, 1997; recognized (Molokaì, Hawaiì, Tucker, 1994; Maui) Hughes, 1995; Oppenheimer, 2003, 2006 1420 Cyperus taxonomic change for Strong & Mariscus not neokunthianus Kük. Mariscus kunthianus Wagner, 1997; recognized Tucker, 1994 1421, Cyperus taxonomic change Strong & Mariscus not 1422 pennatiformis Kük. Wagner, 1997; recognized; available var. pennatiformis Tucker, 1994 names at varietal level and C. p. var. bryanii Kük.

Page 81 1422, Cyperus phleoides taxonomic change Wagner & Mariscus not 1423 (Nees ex Kunth) and new island Herbst, 1995; recognized; available Hillebr. var. phleoides (Kahoòlawe) Strong & names at varietal level and C. p. var. Wagner, 1997; hawaiiensis (H. Tucker, 1994 Mann) Kük. 1423 Cyperus rockii Kük. taxonomic change Strong & Mariscus not Wagner, 1997; recognized Tucker, 1994 1422, Cyperus sandwicensis taxonomic change Strong & Mariscus not 1424 Kük. Wagner, 1997; recognized Tucker, 1994 1425, Cyperus polystachyos taxonomic change Tucker, 1994 Pycreus and subspecies 1426 Rottb. not recognized 1427 Cyperus taxonomic change; Tucker, 1994; Pycreus not recognized sanguinolentus Vahl new island (Oàhu) Frohlich & Lau, 2008 1428 Rhynchospora caduca new islands (Kauaì, Wagner & Elliott Oàhu, Molokaì) Herbst, 1995; Wagner et al., 1997; Wysong & Hughes, 2007 1426, Rhynchospora new island ( Oàhu) Kennedy, 2010 1428 chinensis Nees & Meyen subsp. spiciformis (Hillebr.) T. Koyama 1429 Rhynchospora new state (Hawaiì) Strong & radicans (Schltdl. & and new island (East Wagner, 1997; Cham.) H. Pfeiff. Maui) Herbst et al., subsp. microcephala 2004 (Bertero ex Spreng.) W. W. Thomas 1430 Rhynchospora tenuis new state (Kauaì), Strong, 2006; Willd. ex Link subsp. new island (Molokaì) Oppenheimer, tenuis 2008 1431, Schoenoplectiella taxonomic change Lye, 2003 1433 juncoides (Roxb.) Lye from Schoenoplectus juncoides (Roxb.) Palla 1432 Schoenoplectus new state (Hawaiì) Strong & author of species mucronatus (L.) Palla Wagner, 1997 incorrect in report; subsp. mucronatus subspecies not reported, but apparently Hawaiian plants are subsp. mucronatus (det. by Strong, 1998)

Page 82 1432, Schoenoplectus taxonomic change Smith, 1995 1433 tabernaemontani (C. from Schoenoplectus C. Gmel.) Palla lacustris (L.) Palla subsp. validus (Vahl) T. Koyama 1432 Schoenus apogon new state (Hawaiì) Herbarium Roem. & Schult. Pacificum Staff, 1996; Strong & Wagner, 1997 1434 Scleria testacea Nees new island (Molokaì) Oppenheimer, 2008 1433, Cyperus odoratus L. taxonomic change Tucker, 1994 Torulinum not 1434 recognized 1440 Eriocaulon identification Sylvia Phillips, this species from E scariosum Sm. pers. comm., Australia (Queensland 1998 to Victoria) treated as “sp. A” 1441 Heliconia latispatha new island (Kauaì) Lorence & Benth. Flynn, 1997 1442 Vallisneria americana newly naturalized Staples et al., herbarium sheet, Flynn Michx. (Kauaì); new island 2003; 6196 determined by C. (West Maui) Oppenheimer, D. K. Cook (Z) 2008 1442 Vallisneria spiralis L. new state (Oàhu) Staples et al., 2003 1438, Egeria densa Planch. new island (West Oppenheimer, 1442 Maui) 2003 1443 Halophila decipiens new state (Midway, McDermid et al., Ostenf. Oàhu, Hawaiì) 2002 1443 Halophila hawaiiana new island (Midway) DeFelice, 1999 Doty & B. C. Stone 1444 Molineria capitulata newly naturalized Flynn & (Lour.) Herb. (Kauaì), new island Lorence, 2002; (Pearl and Hermes Kennedy, 2010 Atoll) 1445 Aristea gerrardii misidentified as Herbarium identified by L. Vincent Weim. Aristea compressa Pacificum Staff, (NMO) Buchinger ex Baker 1999; Staples et al., 2003 1445 Crocosmia new island (Molokaì) Oppenheimer, ×crocosmiflora 2010 (Lemoine ex E. Morren) N. E. Br. 1446 Gladiolus dalenii Van new state (East Maui, Starr et al., 2004; Geel Hawaiì); range Oppenheimer, extension (West 2007 Maui) 1447 Sisyrinchium exile E. new island (Molokaì) Herbarium P. Bicknell Pacificum Staff, 1999

Page 83 1449 Watsonia borbonica new island (Kauaì) Lorence et al., (Pourr.) Goldblatt and range extension 1995; (West Maui) Oppenheimer & Bartlett, 2002 1449 Watsonia meriana newly naturalized Oppenheimer, (L.) Mill. (East Maui) 2004 1452 Juncus bufonius L. new island (Oàhu) Wagner & Herbst, 1995 1453 Juncus ensifolius new island (East Oppenheimer, Wikstr. Maui) 2004 1453 Juncus effuses L. new island (Oàhu) Imada, 2007 1448, Juncus planifolius R. new island (Lanaì) Oppenheimer & 1453 Br. Bartlett, 2002 1457 Lemna aequinoctialis taxonomic change for Wagner et al., Welw. Lemna perpusilla and 1997 new island (Hawaiì) 1458 Lemna obscura new state (Oàhu) Wagner et al., (Austin) Daubs 1997 1458 Spirodela polyrhiza new islands (Kauaì, Imada et al., (L.) Schleid. Maui, Hawaiì) 2000; Wagner et al., 1997 1458 Landoltia punctata taxonomic change for Staples et al., (G. Mey.) Les & D. J. Spirodela punctata 2002; Wagner et Crawford (G. Mey.) C. H. al., 1997 Thomps; and new state (Oàhu, Hawaiì) 1458 Wolffia globosa new state (Molokaì) Wagner et al., (Roxb.) Hartog & 1997 Plas 1459 Asparagus new state (East Maui) Starr et al., 2002 asparagoides (Forssk.) Deflers 1459 Asparagus newly naturalized Lorence & densiflorus (Kunth) (Kauaì); and new Flynn, 1999; Jessop islands (West Maui, Oppenheimer & Hawaiì, Lanaì) Bartlett, 2000; Oppenheimer, 2003, 2007 1459 Asparagus falcatus L. newly naturalized Frohlich & Lau, Oàhu - adventive, not (Oàhu) 2010 yet definitively naturalized 1459 Asparagus plumosus newly naturalized Lorence et al., J. G. Baker (Kauaì); 1995; Imada et misidentification as A. al., 2000; setaceus; new islands Oppenheimer & (Oàhu, West Maui; Bartlett, 2000, Hawaiì, Molokaì, 2002; Starr et al., Lanaì); range 2002, 2006; extension (East Maui) Oppenheimer, 2008

Page 84 1459 Zephyranthes citrina newly naturalized Lorence et al., Baker (Kauaì) and new 1995; Staples et islands (Oàhu, East al., 2002 Maui) 1459 Zephyranthes newly naturalized Oppenheimer, grandiflora Lindley (Lanaì) 2011 1463 Hippeastrum striatum misidentification as Herbst & (Lam.) H. E. Moore H. puniceum; and Wagner, 1999; new islands (Maui, Oppenheimer & Molokaì, Lanaì) Bartlett, 2002; Oppenheimer, 2008 1464 Calathea crotalifera new island (Hawaiì) Parker and S. Watson Parsons, 2010 1466 Najas guadalupensis new state (Hawaiì); Herbst & (Spreng.) Magnus new island (Oàhu) Wagner, 1996; Imada, 2007 1466 Najas marina L. new state (Oàhu) Shannon & Wagner, 1996 1468 Zeuxine strateumatica newly naturalized Oppenheimer, (L.) Schltr. (East Maui) 2003 1468 Habenaria rodeiensis identification of Herbst & Barb. Rodr. Habenaria sp. from Wagner, 1999; Kula, range extension Oppenheimer, (West Maui) 2006 1471 Arundina range extension (West Oppenheimer & graminifolia (D. Don) Maui) Bartlett, 2000 Hochr. 1471 Cymbidium dayanum newly naturalized Ackerman et al., Rchb. f. (Hawaiì) 2011 1471 Dendrobium newly naturalized Frohlich & Lau, antennatum L. (Oàhu) 2010 1471 Dendrobium newly naturalized Frohlich & Lau, crumenatum Sw. (Oàhu) 2010 1471 Dendrobium hybrid newly naturalized Ackerman et al., Oàhu - adventive, not (Oàhu) 2011 yet definitively naturalized or identified 1473 Phaius tankervilleae new islands (West Oppenheimer et named in honor of (Banks ex L’Hér.) Maui, Molokaì); al., 1999; Lady Emma Blume range extension (East Oppenheimer, Tankerville, corrected Maui) 2007, 2008 from original spelling tancarvilleae. 1476 Polystachya concreta new state (Oàhu) Staples et al., (Jacq.) Garay & 2003 Sweet 1476 Vanda tricolor newly naturalized Oppenheimer, Lindley (Maui); new island 2006; Frohlich & (Oàhu) Lau, 2010

Page 85 1482 Aristida adscensionis new state (Molokaì, Herbst & earliest collection L. Hawaiì) and Clayton, 1998 incorrectly placed on distribution correction Oàhu instead of Molokaì; does not occur on Oàhu 1482 Arrhenatherum newly naturalized Starr et al., 2003 reported as new island elatius (L.) P. Beauv. (East Maui) ex J. Presl & C. Presl 1482 Dichelachne crinita newly naturalized Starr et al., 2003 (L. f.) Hook. f. (East Maui) 1482 Dichelachne taxonomic change for Herbst & not known if micrantha (Cav.) Dichelachne sciurea; Clayton, 1998; naturalized Domin new island (Kauaì) Snow & Davidse, 2011 1482 Distichlis spicata (L.) range extension Herbarium Greene (Maui) Pacificum Staff, 1999 1482 Glyceria notata new state (East Maui, Herbst & based on three Chevall. Hawaiì); Wagner, 1999; seemingly naturalized nomenclature change Soreng et al., collections in 1916, for Glyceria fluitans 2003 1951, and 1953; present (L.) R. Br. status unknown; new determinations made 1483 Hackelochloa new state (Hawaiì) Herbst & based on a single granularis (L.) Wagner, 1999 seemingly naturalized Kuntze collection in 1941; present status unknown 1483 Ixophorus unisetus new state (Kauaì, Herbst & (K. Presl) Schltdl. Oàhu, Lanaì) Wagner, 1999 1483 Phalaris minor Retz. new state (Oàhu, Herbst & Molokaì, Hawaiì) Wagner, 1999 1483 Phalaris aquatica L. new state (East Maui, Herbst & Hawaiì), Clayton, 1998 misidentification as P. tuberosa var. stenoptera 1483 Phleum pratense L. new state (Kauaì, Herbst & Oàhu, Maui) Wagner, 1999 1483 Phragmites australis misidentification as Herbst & (Cav.) Steud. Phragmites karka Clayton, 1998 1484 Triticum aestivum L. newly naturalized unpublished reported by O’Connor (Kauaì, Oàhu, as escaped but it is Molokaì, Lanaì, clearly naturalized Maui, Hawaiì) 1484 Zizania latifolia new island (Kauaì) Lorence & reported by O’Connor (Griseb.) Turcz. ex Flynn, 1999 as status unknown on Stapf Oàhu and Hawaiì but appears to be naturalized

Page 86 1491 Agrostis exarata Trin. taxonomic change for Snow, 2008 infraspecific taxon are A. exarata Trin. var. no longer recognized mololepis 1492 Lachnagrostis new island Imada et al., filiformis (G. Forst.) (Kahoòlawe); 2000; Soreng et Trin. taxonomic change for al. 2003 Agrostis avenacea J. F. Gmel. 1492 Agrostis capillaris L. new state (East Maui) Herbst & Clayton, 1998 1492 Agrostis hyemalis new state (Oàhu) Snow & Lau, (Walter) Britton, 2010 Sterns & Poggenb. 1492 Agrostis sandwicensis new island (Kauaì) Herbst & Hillebr. Clayton, 1998 1493, Polypogon viridis taxonomic change for Herbst & Agrostis species with 1494 (Gouan) Breistr. Agrostis Clayton, 1998 spikelets falling entire, semiverticillata as in A. semiverticillata, are now included in Polypogon 1495 Aira caryophyllea L. new islands (Kauaì, Lorence & Oàhu) Flynn, 1997; Wood, 2006 1492 Andropogon bicornis new state (Kauaì) Snow & Lau, re-identification of L. 2010 numerous specimens 1497 Andropogon new state (Kauaì) Herbst & earlier Hawaiian glomeratus (Walter) Clayton, 1998 records of Andropogon E. Britton, Sterns & glomeratus based on Poggenb. misidentified specimens of Schizachyrium condensatum; these Kauaì collections of A. glomeratus were basis of report as S. condensatum by Lorence et al. , 1995, a misidentification 1497 Andropogon new islands (Midway, Starr, 2010 previously glomeratus (Walter) Oàhu, Hawaiì) mididentified as A. Britton, Sterns & virginicus Poggenb. var. pumilus (Vasey) L. H. Dewey

Page 87 1497 Andropogon new islands (Midway: Starr et al., 2002; virginicus L. Sand Is., Kauaì, Imada et al., Molokaì, Lanaì) and 2000; Hughes, range extension (West 1995; Herbarium Maui); incorrectly Pacificum Staff, reported from 1999; Midway Oppenheimer et al., 1999; Snow & Lau, 2010 1497 Andropogon new variety Snow & Lau, virginicus L. var. recognized 2010 virginicus 1497 Anthephora new state (Oàhu) Herbst & hermaphrodita (L.) Clayton, 1998 Kuntze 1498 Anthoxanthum new islands (Kauaì, Lorence et al., odoratum L. Oàhu) 1995; Snow & Davidse, 2011 1498 Arundo donax L. new island (Lanaì) Kennedy, 2010 1499 Avena barbata Pott ex new island (Hawaiì) Staples et al., Link 2002 1500 Axonopus compressus newly naturalized Oppenheimer, (Sw.) P. Beauv. (Molokaì, Maui) and 2003, 2004; Starr new islands (Kauaì, et al., 2004; Oàhu, Hawaiì) Oppenheimer, 2007 1500 Axonopus fissifolius new island (Molokaì) Hughes, 1995 (Raddi) Kuhlm. 1502 Bothriochloa new island (Hawaiì) Starr et al., 2006 barbinodis (Lag.) Herter 1502 Bothriochloa bladhii new islands (East Herbarium (Retz.) S. T. Blake Maui, Kahoòlawe, Pacificum Staff, Oàhu) 1997; Starr et al., 2006; Snow, 2008 1503 Bothriochloa new state (East Maui) Herbst & laguroides (DC.) Clayton, 1998 Herter 1503 Bothriochloa pertusa new island (Midway) Starr & Martz, (L.) A. Camus 2000 1503 Urochloa brizantha newly naturalized Starr et al., 2006; see below (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) (Kahoòlawe); new Oppenheimer, R.D. Webster island (East Maui); 2008; Snow & incorrectly reported Lau, 2010 from Kahoòlawe

Page 88 1503 Urochloa decumbens new state (Kauaì, Snow & Lau, previously (Stapf) R. D. Webster Kahoòlawe) 2010 mididentified as U. brizantha, Molokaì collection not recogned by Wagner et al., as naturalized 1503 Urochloa distachya new island (Kauaì); Lorence et al., (L.) T. Q. Nguyen taxonomic change for 1995; Zuloaga et Brachiaria al., 2003 subquadripara (Trin.) Hitchc. 1504 Urochloa mollis (Sw.) new state (Oàhu); Staples et al., Morrone & Zuloaga nomenclatural change 2002; Zuloaga et for Brachiaria mollis al., 2003 (Sw.) Parodi 1501, Urochloa mutica nomenclatural change Zuloaga et al., 1504 (Forssk.) T. Q. for Brachiaria mutica 2003; Nguyen (Forssk.) Stapf; new Oppenheimer, island (Molokaì) 2003 1504 Urochloa plantaginea new state (Oàhu, Wagner & Starr et al., 2004 (Link) R. D. Webster Molokaì); new Herbst, 1995; reports range extension islands (Maui, Oppenheimer & to E. Maui under older Hawaiì); Bartlett, 2002; name Brachiaria nomenclatural change Zuloaga et al., plantaginea (Link.) for Brachiaria 2003; Starr et al., Hitchc. plantaginea (Link) 2004; Snow & Hitchc. Lau, 2010. 1504 Urochloa reptans (L.) new state (Oàhu); Herbst & Stapf nomenclatural change Clayton, 1998; for Brachiaria Zuloaga et al., reptans (L.) C. A. 2003 Gardner & C. E. Hubb. 1505 Briza minor (L.) earlier date of Imada et al., collected on Hawaiì in introduction 2000 1853 (J. Rémy 85, BISH) 1505 Bromus madritensis new state (Molokaì, Herbst & L. Maui, Hawaiì) Wagner, 1999 1505 Bromus hordeaceus taxonomic change for Herbst & as Bromus hordeaceus L. Bromus molliformis Clayton, 1998; L. subsp. molliformis and new state (Oàhu, Snow, 2008 (J. Lloyd) Maire & Maui); taxonomic Weiler by Herbst & change for B. Clayton, but this a hordeaceus subsp. junior synonym; divaricatus infraspecific taxon are no longer recognized 1507 Bromus rubens L. new state (Molokaì, Herbst & Hawaiì) Wagner, 1999 1507 Bromus sterilis L. new islands Oppenheimer, (Molokaì, Lanaì) 2008

Page 89 1507 Bromus hordeaceus taxonomic change for Herbst & infraspecific taxon are L. B. mollis; new island Clayton, 1998; no longer recognized (Molokaì); Wysong & taxonomic change for Hughes, 2007; B. hordeaceus subsp. Snow, 2008 hordeaceus 1508 Bromus diandrus taxonomic change for Herbst & Herbst & Clayton Roth Bromus rigidus Roth; Clayton, 1998; believe it should be and new islands (East Herbarium treated as a subsp. of B. Maui, Lanaì) Pacificum Staff, diandrus, but 1999; combination not Oppenheimer, available 2008 1506, Bromus catharticus taxonomic change for Lorence & 1508 Vahl Bromus willdenowii Flynn, 1997; and new islands Herbst & (Kauaì, Lanaì) Clayton, 1998; Oppenheimer, 2008 1509 Calamagrostis new island (Hawaiì) Herbst & expansa (Munro ex Clayton, 1998 Hillebr.) Hitchc. 1512 Cenchrus ciliaris L. new islands (Midway, Starr & Martz, Niìhau) 2000; Wood & LeGrande, 2006 1512 Cenchrus echinatus new island (Pearl and Starr et al., 2002 L. Hermes) 1513 Cenchrus setigerus newly naturalized Starr et al., 2004 Vahl (Kauaì) 1513 Chloris truncata R. new state (Oàhu, Herbst & Br. East Maui, Wagner, 1999 Kahoòlawe) 1513 Cenchrus tribuloides new state Lorence et al., L. (Kahoòlawe) 1995 1513 Eustachys petraea new state; taxonomic Wagner & (Sw.) Desv. name change for Herbst, 1995 Chloris petraea 1514 Chloris barbata (L.) new island Herbst & Sw. (Kahoòlawe) Clayton, 1998 1514 Chloris divaricata R. new island (Midway) Starr & Martz, Br. 2000 1514 Chloris divaricata R. new island (West Oppenheimer, Br. var. Maui) 2003 cynodontoides (Balansa) Lazarides 1515 Chloris gayana Kunth new island (Molokaì) Hughes, 1995 1515 Chloris radiata (L.) new islands Oppenheimer, Sw. (Molokaì, Niìhau) 2003; Wood & LeGrande, 2006

Page 90 1515 Chloris virgata Sw. new islands (Midway, Starr & Martz, collected on Oàhu in Oahù, Niìhau); 2000; Herbst & 1851-1855 (J. Rémy 76, earlier date of Clayton, 1998; BISH) introduction Imada et al., 2000; Wood & LeGrande, 2006 1516 Chrysopogon new island (West Oppenheimer et aciculatus (Retz.) Maui) al., 1999 Trin. 1519 Cortaderia jubata newly naturalized Loope & previously on East (Lemoine) Stapf (East Maui) and range Medeiros, 1992; Maui only extension (West Meidell et al., Maui) 1998 1519 Cortaderia selloana newly naturalized Frohlich & Lau, (Schult. & Schult. f.) (Oàhu) 2010 Asch. & Graebn. 1519 Cymbopogon new islands (Niìhau, Herbst & refractus (R. Br.) A. Lanaì) Clayton, 1998 Camus 1520 Cynodon aethiopicus new state (Oàhu, Herbst & Clayton & J. R. Hawaiì) and new Clayton, 1998; Harlan island (West Maui) Oppenheimer, 2004 1520 Cynodon dactylon new island (Molokaì) Herbst & (L.) Pers. Clayton, 1998 1520 Cynodon nlemfuensis new state (Molokaì, Herbst & Vanderyst Hawaiì); new island Wagner, 1999; (West Maui) Oppenheimer, 2003 1521 Dactyloctenium new islands (Midway, Wagner et al., aegyptium (L.) Willd. Kauaì, Lanaì) 1997; Lorence & Flynn, 1997; Oppenheimer, 2007 1522, Rytidosperma pilosum taxonomic change for Herbst & 1523 (R. Br.) Connor & Danthonia pilosa and Clayton, 1998; Edgar new island (East Herbst & Maui) Wagner, 1999 1522 Rytidosperma new state (Maui) and Herbst & semiannulare taxonomic name Clayton, 1998 (Labill.) Connor & change for Danthonia Edgar semiannularis 1524 Deschampsia new state (East Maui) Snow & caespitosa (L.) P. Davidse, 2011 Beauv. subsp. beringensis (Hulten) W. E. Lawr.

Page 91 1524 Dichanthelium Maintain status as distinct from Panicum, molecular study included D. koolauense 1525 Dichanthelium new island (Oàhu) Wood, in press cynodon (Reichardt) C.A. Clark & Gould 1526 Dichanthelium new island (Oàhu) Wood, in press hillebrandianum (Hitchc.) C.A. Clark & Gould 1526 Dichanthelium new island (West Herbst & koolauense (H. St. Maui) as Panicum Clayton, 1998 John & Hosaka) C. A. koolauense Clark & Gould 1528 Dichanthium new islands Hughes, 1995; annulatum (Forssk.) (Molokaì, West Oppenheimer & Stapf Maui) Bartlett, 2002 1528 Dichanthium new island Herbst & aristatum (Poir.) (Kahoòlawe) Clayton, 1998 Hubb. 1528 Dichanthium tenue new islands (Oàhu, Herbst & (R. Br.) A. Camus East Maui) Clayton, 1998 1530 Digitaria abyssinica new state (Kauaì) Herbst & (A. Rich.) Stapf Clayton, 1998 1530 Digitaria bicornis new state (West Snow & Lau, (Lam.) Roem. & Maui) 2010 Schult. 1531 Digitaria newly naturalized Herbst et al., divaricatissima (R. (Lanaì) 2004 Br.) Hughes 1531 Digitaria horizontalis new state (Oàhu, Herbst & Willd. Lanaì) Wagner, 1999 1531 Digitaria insularis new island (Niìhau) Wood & (L.) Mex ex Ekman LeGrande, 2006 1531 Digitaria eriantha taxonomic change for Herbst & Steud. Digitaria pentzii; new Clayton, 1998; islands (Kauaì, East Staples et al., Maui) 2003; Oppenheimer, 2004 1531 Digitaria radicosa new state (Oàhu, Herbst & intended to be reported (K. Presl) Miq. Kauaì); new island Clayton, 1998; as new state in (Hawaiì) Staples et al., reference 2003 1534 Echinochloa misidentification as Herbst & oryzoides (Ard.) Echinochloa Clayton, 1998 Fritsch stagnina, new state (Oàhu)

Page 92 1534 Echinochloa picta (J. misidentification as Herbst & König) P.W. Michael Echinochloa Clayton, 1998 stagnina, new state (Oàhu) 1534 Echinochloa crus- misidentification as Herbst & galli (L.) P. Beauv. Echinochloa walteri, Clayton, 1998; new state (Oàhu) and Starr et al., 2002 new island (Midway: Sand Is.) 1535 Echinochloa new state (East Herbst & volunteer in a grass esculenta (A. Braun) Maui); nomenclatural Clayton, 1998; plot, status as H. Scholz change for E. utilis Snow, 2008 naturalized unknown 1536 Ehrharta calycina new state (Hawaiì) Herbst & Sm. Wagner, 1999 1536 Ehrharta erecta Lam. new state (East Herbst & Makawao only Maui); Clayton, 1998; range/elevation Starr et al., 2008 extension (East Maui) 1536 Ehrharta stipoides new islands (Kauaì, Lorence et al., Labill. Kahoòlawe, 1995; Herbst & Molokaì) Clayton, 1998; Wysong & Hughes, 2007 1537 Entolasia marginata new state (Hawaiì) Flynn & (R. Br.) Hughes Lorence, 1998 1537 Eragrostis cilaris (L.) new state (Oàhu) Herbst & R. Br. Wagner, 1999 1538 Eragrostis elongata new state (Kauaì, Lorence et al., (Willd.) Jacq. Hawaiì); new islands 1995; (Molokaì, Oàhu) Oppenheimer, 2003; Herbst et al., 2004 1538 Eragrostis pilosa (L.) new state and new Lorence et al., known only from P. Beauv. islands, (Kauaì, 1995; Herbst & Kauaì and Lanaì; Lanaì, Oàhu), Clayton, 1998; Molokaì, Maui, and correction Snow & Lau, Hawaiì distributional 2010 records based on misidentified specimens 1538 Eragrostis unioloides new state (Hawaiì); Herbst & (Retz.) Nees ex Steud. new island (East Wagner, 1999; Maui) Oppenheimer, 2008 1540 Eragrostis brownei new island (Kauaì) Lorence & (Kunth) Nees ex Flynn, 1999 Steud. 1541 Eragrostis curvula new state (Oàhu, Herbst & misidentified as (Schrad.) Nees Kahoòlawe), Clayton, 1998; Leptochloa uninervia misidentification; new Oppenheimer, island (East Maui) 2003

Page 93 1541 Eragrostis deflexa new islands (West Herbst & Hitchc. Maui, Molokaì) Clayton, 1998; Snow & Lau, 2010 1541 Eragrostis dielsii new state (Molokaì) Snow & Lau, Pilger ex Diels & 2010 Pritz. 1542 Eragrostis grandis new island Herbst & Hillebr. (Kahoòlawe) Clayton, 1998 1542 Eragrostis taxonomic change Herbst & Eragrostis hosakai was leptostachya (R. Br.) and distributional Clayton, 1998; described from a Steud. status change to Staples et al., naturalized population naturalized for 2002 of this Australian grass Eragrostis hosakai; new island (Maui) 1542 Eragrostis leptophylla new island Herbst & Hitchc. (Kahoòlawe) Clayton, 1998 1543 Eragrostis brownii taxonomic change St. John, 1988; (Kunth) Nees ex and distributional Herbst & Steud. status change to Clayton, 1998 naturalized for Eragrostis molokaiensis H. St. John, a species described in 1988 as native 1543 Eragrostis parviflora new state (Kauaì) Flynn & (R. Br.) Trin. Lorence, 1998 1544, Eragrostis amabilis taxonomic name Lorence et al., 1545 (L.) Wight & Arn. change from E. 1995; Hughes, tenella; new islands 1995; (Kauaì, Molokaì, Oppenheimer, Lanaì); distribution 2003; Starr et al., correction (Kure) 2003 1545 Eragrostis pectinacea new islands (Kauaì, Lorence et al., (Michx.) Nees Molokaì, 1995; Herbst & Kahoòlawe) Clayton, 1998; Oppenheimer, 2006 1545 Eragrostis pectinacea new state (Kauaì) Snow & Lau, last collected in 1936 (Michx.) Nees var. 2010 (ex?) miserrima (E. Fourn.) Reeder 1545 Eragrostis superba new state (Hawaiì); Herbst & Peyr. new island (East Clayton, 1998; Maui) Starr & Starr, 2011

Page 94 1545 Eragrostis tenuifolia new state (Oàhu, Herbst & (A. Rich.) Steud. Hawaiì); new Clayton, 1998; islands(East Maui, Oppenheimer, Lana`, Kauai) 2004, 2008; Snow, 2008 1545 Eragrostis new state (East Maui) Snow & Lau, trichophora Coss. & 2010 Durieu 1546 Eriochloa punctata new islands Oppenheimer, (L.) Desv. ex Ham. (Molokaì, West 2003 Maui) 1546 Eriochloa procera new state (Molokaì); Oppenheimer, (Retz.) C. E. Hubb. new island (Midway) 2008; Snow & Lau, 2010 1547 Festuca aloha new species (Kauaì) Catalán et al., previously Catalán, Soreng & P. 2009 misidentified as F. M. Peterson rubra 1547 Schedonorus new islands (Kauaì, Wagner et al., arundinaceus East Maui, Oàhu); 1997; (Schreb.) Dumort. taxonomic change for Oppenheimer, Festuca arundinacea 2003; Herbst et al., 2004; Snow, 2008 1547 Festuca molokaiensis new species Catalán et al., previously Soreng, P. M. (Molokaì) 2009 misidentified as F. Peterson & Catalán rubra 1547 Festuca rubra L. new islands (Kauaì, Wagner et al., Molokaì); incorrectly 1997; reported from Kauaì Oppenheimer, and Molokaì 2008, 2011 1548 Garnotia acutigluma new island (Kauaì); Lorence & specimen re-identified (Steud.) Ohwi incorrectly reported Flynn, 1999; as Dichelachne from Kauaì Snow & micrantha Davidse, 2011 1550 Hemarthria altissima new state (East Starr et al., 2004 (Poir.) Stapf & C. E. Maui) Hubb. 1551 Holcus lanatus L. range extension (West Oppenheimer et Maui) al., 1999 1552 Hordeum new state (Hawaiì) Herbst & brachyantherum Clayton, 1998 Nevski 1552, Hordeum murinum taxonomic change for Herbst & Hordeum murinum 1553 Huds. subsp. Hordeum leporinum Clayton, 1998 Huds. subsp. murinum leporinum (Link) has apparently not been Arcang. documented from the Hawaiian Is. 1552 Hordeum vulgare L. new state ( Kauaì, Herbst & Oàhu, Maui, Wagner, 1999 Hawaiì)

Page 95 1554 Hyparrhenia new state (Lanaì) Herbst & dregeana (Nees) Wagner, 1996 Stent 1554 Hyparrhenia hirta new state (Lanaì, Wagner & (L.) Stapf Molokaì) Herbst, 1995 1556 Ischaemum byrone new island (Kauaì, Lorence et al., (Trin.) Hitchc. Oàhu) 1995; Imada et al., 2000 1556 Ischaemum ciliare nomenclatural change Sun & Phillips, widely know by Retzius for Ischaemum 2008 misapplied name I. indicum indicum, which is actually 1557 Ischaemum timorense new state (East Maui) Herbst & Kunth Wagner, 1996 1557 Koeleria macrantha taxonomic change for Herbst & (Ledeb.) Schult. Koeleria nitida Clayton, 1998 1558 Disakisperma dubia new state (Molokaì); Snow & change based on (Kunth) P. M. taxonomic change for Davidse, 2011; molecular data` Peterson & N. Snow Leptochloa dubia Peterson et al., in press 1558, Diplachne fusca (L.) geographical and Warren & not known from 1559 Kunth subsp. author corrections; Herbst, 1994; Kahoòlawe; records uninervia (J. Presl) P. taxonomic change for Herbst & based on misidentified M. Peterson & N. L. uninervia; new Clayton, 1998; Eragrostis curvula; Snow islands (Midway, Imada et al., change based on Lanaì); taxonomic 2000; Starr & molecular data change for Martz, 2000; Leptochloa fusca Oppenheimer, subsp. uninervia 2003; Peterson et al., in press 1560 Lepturus repens (G. new island (Ni,ihau) Wood & Forster) R. Br. LeGrande, 2006 1560 Leymus triticoides new state (Hawaiì) Herbst & (Buckley) Pilg. Clayton, 1998 1560 Lolium tementulum L. new state (Oàhu) Herbst & Wagner, 1999 1559, Lolium multiflorum new island (Molokaì) Herbst & 1561 Lam. Clayton, 1998 1561 Lolium perenne L. new islands (East Starr et al.,2003; Maui, Oàhu) Frohlich & Lau, 2008 1562 Muhlenbergia new state (East Maui) Herbst & mexicana (L.) Trin. Clayton, 1998 1563 Oplismenus new island (West Oppenheimer, compositus (L.) P. Maui); range 2003, 2008 Beauv. extension (East Maui) 1565 Oplismenus hirtellus taxonomic change to Snow & Lau, (L.) P. Beauv. subsp. include infraspecific 2010 hirtellus level

Page 96 1565 Oplismenus hirtellus taxonomic change to Snow & Lau, numerous collections of (L.) P. Beauv. subsp. include infraspecific 2010 O. hirtellus reidentified undulatifolius U. level as subsp. undulatifolius Scholz 1567 Panicum antidotale new island (Maui) Starr et al., 2003, Retz. 2004 1567 Panicum coloratum Correction Herbst & known only from L. Clayton, 1998 cultivation in experimental grass plots; not naturalized 1568 Panicum fauriei new island (L a naì) Herbst & Hitchc. var. carteri Clayton, 1998 (Hosaka) Davidse 1568 Panicum fauriei new island (Lanaì) Herbst & Hitchc. var. fauriei Clayton, 1998 1568 Panicum fauriei new island (Niìhau) Wood & Hitchc. var. latius LeGrande, 2006 1568 Panicum konaense new island (Kauaì) Lorence et al., Whitney & Hosaka 1995 1569 Panicum new species (Hawaiì) St. John, 1987e; rare longivaginatum H. St. Herbst & John Clayton, 1998, 1569 Urochloa maxima Taxonomic change Zuloaga et al., (Jacq.) R. D. Webster for Panicum 2003; Starr et al., maximum Jacq.; new 2002 island (Midway: Sand Is.) 1570 Panicum miliaceum new island (Kauaì) Lorence & L. Flynn, 1997 1570 Panicum niihauense new island (Kauaì) Lorence et al., H. St. John 1995 1571 Panicum pellitum new island (Niìhau) Herbst & Trin. Clayton, 1998 1571 Panicum repens L. new island (East Starr et al., 2002 Maui) 1573 Panicum tenuifolium new island (Kauaì) Herbst & Hook. & Arn. Clayton, 1998 1574 Panicum virgatum L. incorrectly included Snow & Lau, single collection likely as naturalized 2010 from Ag. Exp. Station 1575 Paspalum new state (East Maui) Snow & arundinaceum Poir. Davidse, 2011 1575 Paspalum distichum new state (Kauaì, Herbst & L. Oàhu) Wagner, 1999 1576 Paspalidium distans new state (Niìhau) Herbst & (Trin.) Hughes Clayton, 1998 1572, Paspalum fimbriatum new islands Starr et al., 2002; 1576 Kunth (Molokaì, East Maui, Oppenheimer, Lanaì) and range 2003, 2008 extension (West Maui)

Page 97 1576 Paspalum longifolium new state (Kauaì); Staples et al., Roxb. new island (East 2003; Maui) Oppenheimer, 2004 1576 Paspalum new state (Hawaiì) Herbst & macrophyllum Kunth Clayton, 1998 1576 Paspalum newly naturalized Oppenheimer, malacophyllum Trin. (West Maui) 2004 1576 Paspalum new state (Maui, Snow & mandiocanum Trin. Oàhu, Molokaì) Davidse, 2011 var. mandiocanum 1576 Paspalum notatum new state (Kauaì); Lorence & Flüggé new islands (Maui, Flynn, 1999; Molokaì) Oppenheimer, 2007, 2008 1575 Paspalum new state (Oàhu, Herbst & East Maui specimen paniculatum L. Hawaiì); new island Wagner, 1999; incorrectly identified, (West Maui); range Oppenheimer, likely P. laxum extension (East 2004, 2007; Maui); incorrectly Snow & Lau, reported from East 2010 Maui 1577 Paspalum setaceum new state (Midway); Starr & Martz, Michx. new island (East 2000; Maui) Oppenheimer, 2007 1577 Paspalum new state (Kauaì) Snow & unispicatum (Scribn. Davidse, 2011 & Merr.) Nash 1577 Paspalum vaginatum new islands (West Herbarium Sw. Maui, Molokaì) Pacificum Staff, 1999; Oppenheimer, 2003 1578 Paspalum virgatum L. new state (Oàhu) Snow & Lau, 2010 1578 Cenchrus new islands (Kauaì, Hughes, 1995; clandestinus (Hochst. Molokaì); taxonomic Wagner & ex Chiov.) change for Herbst, 1995; Pennisetum Chemisquy et al., clandestinum 2010 1579 Cenchrus new state (Oàhu, Herbst & complanatus (Nees) Lanaì, Hawaiì); Clayton, 1998; Morrone taxonomic change for Chemisquy et al., Pennisetum 2010 complanatum 1579 Panicum glaucum L. newly naturalized Oppenheimer, (West Maui); 2007; taxonomic change for Chemisquy et al., Pennisetum glaucum; 2010;

Page 98 1579 Cenchrus new islands (Kauaì, Starr et al., 2002, polystachios (L.) East Maui); 2003, 2004; Morrone taxonomic change for Chemisquy et al., Pennisetum 2010; Starr & polystachion; range Starr, 2011 extension (West Maui) 1579 Cenchrus purpureus new islands Oppenheimer, (Schumach.) Morrone (Molokaì, 2003; Kahoòlawe); Chemisquy et al., taxonomic change for 2010; Starr & Pennisetum Starr, 2011 purpureum 1581 Cenchrus setaceus new islands Starr et al., 2006; (Forssk.) Morrone (Kahoòlawe, Maui); Chemisquy et al., taxonomic change for 2010 Pennisetum setaceum 1581 Cenchrus longisetus new state (Hawaiì); Herbst & Cenchrus villosus (R. M. C. Johnst. taxonomic change for Clayton, 1998; Br. ex Fresen.) Kuntze, Pennisetum villosum Chemisquy et al., nom. illeg., replaced 2010 name is C. longisetus 1582 Phyllostachys aurea newly naturalized Staples et al., Rivière & C. Rivière (Oàhu) 2002 1582 Phyllostachys nigra new islands (Kauaì, Oppenheimer, (Lodd. ex Lindl.) Lanaì) 2011 Munro var. henionis (Mitford) Stapf ex Rendle 1584 Poa mannii Munro ex rediscovery (Kauaì) Lorence et al., Hillebr. 1995 1585 Polypogon new island (Kure) Wagner & interruptus Kunth Herbst, 1995 1585 Polypogon fugax new state (Oàhu), Herbst & not known if Nees correction: a Clayton, 1998 naturalized specimen misidentified by Hitchcock (1922) as P. lutosus, a synonym of P. interruptus 1587, Melinus repens taxonomic change for Herbst & Rynchelytrum included 1588 (Willd.) Zizka Rynchelytrum repens Clayton, 1998 within Melinus 1588 Rytidosperma new state (Maui, Snow, 2008 biannulare (Zotov) Molokaì) Connor & Edgar 1589 Sacciolepis indica new island ( Lanaì) Herbarium (L.) Chase Pacificum Staff, 1999 1589 Schedonorus new state record Snow, 2008 pratensis (Huds.) P. (Maui) Beauv.

Page 99 1590 Schizachyrium new island (Oàhu); Herbst et al., condensatum (Kunth) incorrectly reported 2004; Snow & Nees from Oàhu Lau, 2010 1590 Schizachyrium new state (Kauaì; Lorence et al., scoparium (Michx.) new islands (Oàhu, 1995; Herbst & Nash Maui) Clayton, 1998; Snow & Lau, 2010 1592 Setaria palmifolia (J. new islands (Kauaì, Staples et al., König) Stapf Molokaì) 2003; Oppenheimer, 2006 1592 Setaria parviflora taxonomic change for Herbst & collected on Kauaì in (Poir.) Kerguélen Setaria gracilis; Clayton, 1998; 1851-1855 (J. Rémy earlier date of Imada et al., 106, BISH) introduction 2000 1593 Setaria sphacelata newly naturalized Starr et al., 2002; Stapf & Hubb. ex H. (East Maui) and new Herbst et al., B. Moss islands (Kauaì, 2004 Oàhu, Hawaiì) 1594 Sorghum new state (Hawaiì) Snow & Lau, arundinaceum 2010 (Desv.) Stapf 1594 Sorghum bicolor (L.) new island (West Oppenheimer, Moench Maui); range 2003; Starr et al., extension (East Maui) 2006 1594 Sorghum newly naturalized Herbst & ×drummondii (Steud.) (Oàhu, Lanaì) Clayton, 1998 Millsp. & Chase 1596 Sporobolus africanus new island Herbst & (Poir.) Robyns & (Kahoòlawe) Clayton, 1998 Tournay 1596 Sporobolus diander new island (Kauaì) Lorence & (Retz.) P. Beauv. Flynn, 1997 1596 Sporobolus newly naturalized in Wagner & pyramidatus (Lam.) 1995 (Kure, Laysan, Herbst, 1995; Hitchc. French Frigate Wood, 2006; Shoals, Oàhu), new Starr et al., 2006, islands (Kauaì, 2010; Snow & Molokaì, Midway, Lau, 2010; Starr Hawaiì, Kahoòlawe) & Starr, 2011 1597 Sporobolus elongatus new state (Lan ì); Herbst & R. Br. new islands (Oàhu, Clayton, 1998; Hawaiì) Snow, 2008

Page 100 1597 Sporobolus indicus R. correction Herbst & all collections from Br. Clayton, 1998 Maui and Kahoòlawe are misidentified specimens of S. africanus; S. indicus has not been documented from either island 1597 Sporobolus piliferus new state (Hawaiì); Herbst & specimen re-identified (Trin.) Kunth new islands (Oàhu, Clayton, 1998; as S. pyramidatus Midway); incorrectly Snow, 2008; reported from Starr et al., 2010; Hawaiì Snow & Lau, 2010 1597 Sporobolus new state (Hawaiì); Herbst & specimen re-identified pyramidalis P. Beauv. incorrectly reported Clayton, 1998; as S. elongatus from Hawaiì Snow, 2008 1595, Stenotaphrum new island (East Oppenheimer & 1598 secundatum (Walter) Maui) and range Bartlett, 2000; Kuntze extension (West Oppenheimer & Maui) Bartlett, 2002 1599, Nassella cernua taxonomic change Barkworth, 1990 1600 (Stebbins & Á. Löve) from Stipa cernua Barkworth Stebbins & Á. Löve 1601 Tragus berteronianus New island (Oàhu) Snow & Schult. Davidse, 2011 1602 Trisetum flavescens new state (East Maui) Herbst & (L.) P. Beauv. Clayton, 1998 1602 Trisetum glomeratum correction Herbst & T. glomeratum is not on (Kunth) Trin. Clayton, 1998 Lanaì; all documentation based on misidentified specimens of T. inaequale 1602 Trisetum inaequale notable rediscovery Oppenheimer, last collected on Lanaì Whitney (Lanaì) 2008 in 1938 1600, Festuca bromoides L. taxonomic change for Catalán et al., molecular data show 1603 Vulpia bromoides 2007; Inda et al, Vulpia to be nexted 2008 within Festuca 1603 Festuca myuros L. taxonomic change for Catalán et al., molecular data show Vulpia myuros 2007; Inda et al, Vulpia to be nexted 2008 within Festuca 1604 Zoysia matrella (L.) newly naturalized Flynn & Merr. var. pacifica (Kauaì) Lorence, 1998 Goudsw. 1606 Monochoria vaginalis new islands (Hawaiì, Wagner & (Burm. f.) K. Presl Molokaì) Herbst, 1995; Oppenheimer, 2011

Page 101 1608 Potamogeton new state (East Maui) unpubl. based on herbarium tricarinatus A. Benn. specimen (Forbes 260.M) determined by R. R.Haynes, 1990. 1608 Stuckenia pectinata Taxonomic change Wagner & Coleogeton raised from (L.) Börner for Potamogeton Herbst, 1995; subgeneric to generic pectinatus and new Les & Haynes, level as Coleogeton island (Hawaiì) 1997; Haynes et pectinatus (L.) Les & al., 1998; Herbst, Haynes, but earlier 1998 generic name Stuckenia was already available with the same type 1611, Typha latifolia L. new island (Hawaiì) Staples et al., 1614 2003 1618 Alpinia zerumbet newly naturalized Flynn & (Pers.) B. L. Burtt & (Kauaì); new island Lorence, 2002; R. M. Sm. (West Maui, Oppenheimer, Molokaì) 2008, 2010 1623 Hedychium new island (Oàhu) Staples et al., gardnerianum Ker- 2006 Gawler 1619, Zingiber zerumbet new island (Hawaiì) Oppenheimer, 1623 (L.) Sm. 2003

Page 102

TABLE 2: Fern updates

Page Taxon Type of Record Citation Comment 46, 47 Thelypteris taxonomic change for Smith et al., globulifera (Brack.) Amauropelta globulifera 2006, Snow et C. F. Reed al., 2011 48 Angiopteris evecta (G. new islands (Kauaì, Wood, 2006; Forst.) Hoffm. Molokaì) Oppenheimer, 2010 60 Asplenium resurrected from Lorence, in diellaciniatum Viane synonymy of A. prep. dielerectum 60 Asplenium new island (Hawaiì) Kennedy, 2010 haleakalense W. H. Wagner 83, 84 Ceratopteris new island (Hawaiì) Imada, 2007 thalictroides (L.) Brongn. 85, 86 Cheilanthes viridis new island (Lanaì) Oppenheimer, (Forssk.) Sw. 2007 87, 89 Cyclosorus boydiae taxonomic change Smith et al., following generic (D. C. Eaton) W. H. 2006, Snow et taxonomy of Smith et Wagner al., 2011 al., 2006 88 Cyclosorus taxonomic change Smith et al., see note under cyatheoides (Kaulf.) 2006, Snow et Cyclosorus boydiae Farw. al., 2011 88 Cyclosorus dentatus taxonomic change for Smith et al., see note under (Forssk.) Ching Christella dentata; new 2006, Snow et Cyclosorus boydiae island (Niìhau) al., 2011; Imada, 2007 89 Cyclosorus taxonomic change for Smith et al., see note under parasiticus (L.) Farw. Christella parasitica 2006, Snow et Cyclosorus boydiae al., 2011 90 Cyclosorus wailele taxonomic change Smith et al., see note under (Flynn) W. H. Wagner 2006, Snow et Cyclosorus boydiae al., 2011 100, Ctenitis squamigera range rediscovery Wood, in press 101 (Hook. & Arn.) Copel (Kauaì) 108 Davallia fejeensis newly naturalized Frohlich & Hook. (Oàhu) Lau, 2008 109 Deparia cataracticola new species (Kauaì) Kato, 2001 M. Kato 113 Dicksonia fibrosa Col. newly naturalized Lorence & (Hawaiì) Flynn, 2006 117, Asplenium rediscovery (Kauaì); Wood, 2006; Diellia not recognized 118 dielerectum Viane taxonomic change for Schneider et al, as distinct from Diellia erecta 2005, Snow et Asplenium al., 2011

Page 103 118, Asplenium taxonomic change for Schneider et al, Diellia not recognized 119 dielfalcatum Viane Diellia falcata 2005, Snow et as distinct from al., 2011 Asplenium 119, Asplenium taxonomic change Schneider et al, Diellia not recognized 121 leucostegioides Baker 2005, Snow et as distinct from al., 2011 Asplenium 120, Asplenium dielmannii taxonomic change for Schneider et al, Diellia not recognized 121 Viane Diellia mannii; 2005, Snow et as distinct from rediscovery (Kauaì) al., 2011; Asplenium Wood, 2007 120, Asplenium taxonomic change for Schneider et al, Diellia not recognized 121 dielpallidum N. Snow Diellia pallida and new 2005, Snow et as distinct from combination al., 2011 Asplenium 121, Asplenium unisorum taxonomic change for Schneider et al, Diellia not recognized 122 (W.H. Wagner) Viane Diellia unisora 2005, Snow et as distinct from al., 2011 Asplenium 122 Asplenium xlaui taxonomic change Schneider et al, Diellia not recognized 2005, Snow et as distinct from al., 2011 Asplenium 125 Diplazium esculentum new island (Molokaì) Oppenheimer, (Retz.) Sw. 2007 125, Diplazium range rediscovery (W. Wood, 2007 126 molokaiense W. J. Maui) Rob. 140 Dryopteris fusco-atra range extension (West Oppenheimer, (Hillebr.) W. J. Rob Maui) 2011 var. lamoureuxii Fraser-Jenk. 158, Elaphoglossum new island (Lanaì) Oppenheimer, 159 paleaceum (Hook. & 2010 Grev.) 162 Crepidomanes taxonomic change for Ebihara et al., minutum (Blume) K. Gonocormus minutus 2006 Iwats. 162 Crepidomanes taxonomic change for Ebihara et al., proliferum (Blume) Gonocormus prolifer 2006 Bostock 165 Adenophorus tenellus taxonomic change for Ranker et al., (Kaulf.) Ranker Grammitis tenella 2003, 2004; Ranker, 2008 167 Hypolepis hawaiiensis range extension (East Oppenheimer, Brownsey var. Maui) 2008 mauiensis (Hillebr.) D. D. Palmer 169 Stenogrammitis taxonomic change for Labiak, 2011 based on molecular saffordii (Maxon) Lellingeria saffordii data a further Labiak refinement of delimitation of Lellingeria 173, Lindsaea ensiifolia new island (Molokaì) Oppenheimer, 174 Sw. 2008

Page 104 182 Hymenophyllum taxonomic change for Ebihara et al., recurvum Gaudich. Mecodium recurvum 2006 184, Microlepia speluncae new island (Molokaì) Oppenheimer, 185 (L.) T. Moore 2008 184 Microlepia strigosa new island (West Maui) Oppenheimer, rare, with only a few (L.) T. Moore 2004 plants known 193 Nephrolepis new island (West Maui) Oppenheimer, ×copelandii W. H. 2004 Wagner 193 Nephrolepis brownii nomenclature change for Hovenkamp & (Desv.) Hovenkamp Nephrolepis multiflora; Miyamoto, & Miyam. new island (Niìhau) 2005; Wood & LeGrande, 2006 194, Dryopteris rubiginosa taxonomic change for Geiger & 195 (Brack.) Kuntze Nothoperanema Ranker, 2005 rubiginosa and Smith et al., 2006 196, Ophioglossum taxonomic change for Smith et al., 197 pendulum L. Ophioderma pendulum 2006 199 Ophioglossum new island (Molokaì) Oppenheimer, petiolatum Hook. 2010 207 Phymatosorus newly naturalized (Maui) Oppenheimer, scolopendria (Burm. 2006 f.) Pic. Serm. 212, Cyclosorus taxonomic change for Smith et al., Pneumatopteris not 213 hudsonianus (Brack.) Pneumatopteris 2006, Snow et recognized as distinct Ching hudsoniana al., 2011 from Cyclosorus 214 Cyclosorus pendens new species; taxonomic Palmer, 2005; Pneumatopteris not (D. D. Palmer) N. change; range re- Snow et al., recognized as distinct Snow discovery (Kauaì) 2011; Wood, in from Cyclosorus press 214 Cyclosorus taxonomic change Smith et al., Pneumatopteris not sandwicensis (Brack.) 2006, Snow et recognized as distinct Copel. al., 2011 from Cyclosorus 216 Polypodium new island (West Maui) Oppenheimer, pellucidum Kaulf. var. 2004 pellucidum f. opacum (Hillebr.) D. D. Palmer 223, Pteridium aquilinum taxonomic change for P. Thomson, 2004 224 (L.) Kuhn subsp. aquilinum var. decompositum decompositum (Gaudich) Lamoureux ex J. A. Thomson 229 Pteris lidgatei (Baker) rediscovery (Molokaì) Oppenheimer, last collected on Christ 2008 Molokaì in 1912 229 Pteris tremula R. Br. newly naturalized (East Oppenheimer, Maui) 2007 230 Pteris vittata L. new islands (Lanaì, Oppenheimer, Molokaì) 2004, 2008

Page 105 242 Hymenophyllum taxonomic change for Ebihara et al., lanceolatum Hook. & Sphaerocionium 2006 Arn. lanceolatum 243 Hymenophyllum taxonomic change for Ebihara et al., obtusum Hook. & Sphaerocionium obtusum 2006 Arn. 243, Sphaeropteris cooperi new island (Lana`i) Oppenheimer, 244 (Hook. ex F. Muell.) 2008 R. M. Tryon 249, Tectaria incise Cav. new island (East Maui) Imada, 2007 250 253 Crepidomanes taxonomic change for Ebihara et al., draytonianum Vandenboschia 2006 (Brack.) Ebihara & K. draytoniana Iwats. 265 Huperzia filiformis new island (Kaua`i) Wood, in press (Sw.) Holub 272, Psilotum nudum (L.) new island (Midway Kennedy, 2010 273 P. Beauv. Atoll) 273 Botrychium taxonomic change for Smith et al., subbifoliatum Brack. Sceptridium 2006 subbifoliatum

Page 106 TABLE 3: Naturalized Gymnosperms

Taxon Type of Record Citation Comment Araucaria columnaris newly naturalized (West Oppenheimer, (Forst.) Hook. Maui), new islands 2002, 2007, (Moloka`i, Lana`i) 2008 Callitris columellaris newly naturalized (West Oppenheimer, F. Muell. Maui) 2002

Cupressus newly naturalized (East Starr et al., macrocarpa Gordon Maui) 2008 Juniperus newly naturalized (West Oppenheimer, bermudiana L. Maui); new island 2002, 2008 (Lana`i)

Pinus caribaea newly naturalized (West Oppenheimer, Morelot var. Maui) 2003 hondurensis (Seneclauze) W. H. Barrett & Golfari Pinus elliottii newly naturalized Wysong & Engelm. (Moloka`i) Hughes, 2007 Pinus patula Schiede newly naturalized (East Oppenheimer, & ex Schltdl. & Maui) 2002 Cham. Pinus radiata D. Don newly naturalized (East Oppenheimer, Maui) 2002

Pinus taeda L. newly naturalized Oppenheimer, (Lana`i) 2008 Nageia falcatus newly naturalized (East Oppenheimer, (Thunb.) Kuntze Maui) 2002

Cryptomeria japonica newly naturalized (West Oppenheimer, (L.f.) D. Don Maui) 2002

Page 107 TABLE 4: New Family Classification

OldFamily NewFamily Genus Agavaceae Xanthorrhoeaceae Phormium Agavaceae Asparagaceae Cordyline Agavaceae Asparagaceae Fucraea Agavaceae Asparagaceae Pleomele Agavaceae Asparagaceae Sansevieria Aloeaceae Xanthorrhoeaceae Aloe Apiaceae Araliaceae Hydrocotyle Asclepiadaceae Apocynaceae Asclepias Asclepiadaceae Apocynaceae Hoya Asclepiadaceae Apocynaceae Stapelia Athyriaceae Woodsiaceae Athyrium Athyriaceae Woodsiaceae Cystopteris Athyriaceae Woodsiaceae Deparia Athyriaceae Woodsiaceae Diplazium Azollaceae Salviniaceae Azolla Buddlejaceae Scrophulariaceae Buddleja Capparaceae Cleomaceae Cleome Caprifoliaceae Adoxaceae Sambucus Cecropiaceae Urticaceae Cecropia Celastraceae Dipentodontaceae Perrottetia Chenopodiaceae Amaranthaceae Atriplex Chenopodiaceae Amaranthaceae Bassia Chenopodiaceae Amaranthaceae Chenopodium Chenopodiaceae Amaranthaceae Dysphania Chenopodiaceae Amaranthaceae Enchylaena Chenopodiaceae Amaranthaceae Salicornia Chenopodiaceae Amaranthaceae Salsola Clusiaceae Hypericaceae Hypericum Cuscutaceae Convolvulaceae Cuscuta Dicksoniaceae Cibotiaceae Cibotium Dryopteridaceae Tectariaceae Tectaria Epacridaceae Ericaceae Leptecophylla Euphorbiaceae Phyllanthaceae Antidesma Euphorbiaceae Phyllanthaceae Bischofia Euphorbiaceae Phyllanthaceae Breynia Euphorbiaceae Phyllanthaceae Flueggea Euphorbiaceae Phyllanthaceae Phyllanthus Flacourtiaceae Salicaceae Dovyalis Flacourtiaceae Salicaceae Xylosma Grammitidaceae Polypodiaceae Adenophorus Grammitidaceae Polypodiaceae Grammitis Grammitidaceae Polypodiaceae Lellingeria

Page 108 Hydrophyllaceae Boraginaceae Nama Lemnaceae Araceae Landoltia Lemnaceae Araceae Lemna Lemnaceae Araceae Spirodela Lemnaceae Araceae Wolffia Liliaceae Asparagaceae Asparagus Liliaceae Asteliaceae Astelia Liliaceae Xanthorrhoeaceae Dianella Liliaceae Amaryllidaceae Hippeastrum Liliaceae Amaryllidaceae Zephyranthes Lomariopsidaceae Dryopteridaceae Elaphoglossum Myrsinaceae Primulaceae Myrsine Myrsinaceae Primulaceae Lysimachia Najadaceae Hydrocharitaceae Najas Nephrolepidaceae Lomariopsidaceae Nephrolepis Scrophulariaceae Plantaginaceae Antirrhinum Scrophulariaceae Plantaginaceae Bacopa Scrophulariaceae Orobanchaceae Buchnera Scrophulariaceae Orobanchaceae Castilleja Scrophulariaceae Plantaginaceae Cymbalaria Scrophulariaceae Plantaginaceae Dopatrium Scrophulariaceae Plantaginaceae Hebe Scrophulariaceae Plantaginaceae Linaria Scrophulariaceae Plantaginaceae Lindernia Scrophulariaceae Plantaginaceae Lophospermum Scrophulariaceae Plantaginaceae Maurandya Scrophulariaceae Phrymaceae Mazus Scrophulariaceae Orobanchaceae Orthocarpus Scrophulariaceae Orobanchaceae Parentucellia Scrophulariaceae Plantaginaceae Torenia Scrophulariaceae Plantaginaceae Veronica Schizaeaceae Lygodiaceae Lygodium Sterculiaceae Malvaceae Melochia Sterculiaceae Malvaceae Sterculia Sterculiaceae Malvaceae Waltheria Taccaceae Dioscoreaceae Tacca Theaceae Pentaphylaceae Eurya Tiliaceae Malvaceae Heliocarpus Tiliaceae Malvaceae Triumfetta Turneraceae Passifloraceae Turnera Ulmaceae Cannabaceae Trema Verbenaceae Lamiaceae Clerodendrum Verbenaceae Lamiaceae Vitex Viscaceae Santalaceae Korthalsella Vitariaceae Pteridaceae Haplopteris

Page 109

LITERATURE CITED (in Preface to the Revised Edition and Supplement)

Aedo, C., J. J. Aldasoro, and C. Navarro. 1998. Taxonomic revision of Geranium sections Batrachioidea and Divaricata (Geraniaceae). Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 85: 594-630.

Aedo, C. and F. Muñoz Garmendia. 1997. Twelve new names in Geranium L. (Geraniaceae). Kew Bull. 52: 725–727.

Ackerman, James D., W. Falcon, and W. Recart. 2011. New records of naturalized orchids for the Hawaiian Islands. Bishop Mus. Occas. Pap. 110: 1–4.

Alford, M. A. Submitted. New records of Gamochaeta (Asteraceae) in the Hawaiian Archipelago. Bishop Mus. Occas. Pap.

Al-Shehbaz, I. 1985. The genera of Brassiceae (Cruciferae; Brassicaceae) in the southeastern United States. J. Arnold Arbor. 66: 279–351.

Al-Shehbaz, I. and R. A. Price. 1998. Delimitation of the genus Nasturtium (Brassicaceae). Novon 8: 124– 126.

Apfelbaum, S. I., J. P. Ludwig, and C. E. Ludwig. 1983. Ecological problems associated with disruption of dune vegetation dynamics by Casuarina equisetifolia L. at Sand Island, Midway Atoll. Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC.

Baldwin, B. G. and G. D. Carr. 2005. Dubautia kalalauensis, a new species of the Hawaiian silversword alliance (Compositae, Madiinae) from northwestern Kaua`i, U.S.A. Novon 15: 259–263.

Baldwin, B. G. and Friar. 2010. Dubautia carrii and D. hanaulaensis, new species of the Hawaiian silversword allinace (Compositae, Madiinae) from Moloka`i and Maui. Novon 20: 1–8.

Barkworth, M. E. 1990. Nassella (Gramineae, Stipeae): revised interpretation and nomenclatural changes. Taxon 39: 597–614.

Barlow, B. A. 1997. Viscaceae. Fl. Malesiana 13: 403–442.

Berg, C. C. 2005. Moraceae in Staples G. W. & Herbst D. R. A tropical garden flora. Bishop Museum Press, Honolulu.

Brandbyge, J. 1993. Polygonaceae, pp. 531–544: in, K. Kubitzki, J. G. Rohwer, and V. Bittrich (eds.), The families and genera of vascular plants. II. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

Bremer, K. 1994. Asteraceae: cladistics & classification. Timber Press, Portland Oregon.

Bremer, K. and C. Humphries. 1993. Generic monograph of the Asteraceae-Anthemideae. Bull. Nat. Hist. Mus., Bot. Series 23: 71–177.

Bruegmann, M. M. 1998. Report on a botanical survey of Midway Atoll, April 1–7, 1995. U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Honolulu.

Page 110 Bruegmann, M. M. 1999. New records of flowering plants on Midway and Laysan. Bishop Mus. Occas. Pap. 59: 1–2.

Bruneau, A., M. Mercure, G. P. Lewis, and P. S. Herendeen. 2008. Phylogenetic patterns and diversification in caesalpinioid legumes. Botany 86: 697–718.

Burney, D. A., S. L. Olson, L. P. Burney, H. F. James, W. Kikuchi, W. L. Wagner, M. Burney, D. McCloskey, D. Kikuchi, F. V. Grady, R. Gage III, and R. Nishek. 2001. Fossil evidence for a diverse biota from Kaua`i and its transformation since human arrival. Ecol. Monogr. 71: 615–641.

Carr, G. D. 1995. A fully fertile intergeneric hybrid derivative from Argyroxiphium sandwicense ssp. macrocephalum x Dubautia menziesii (Asteraceae) and its relevance to plant evolution in the Hawaiian Islands. Amer. J. Bot. 82: 1574–1581.

Carr, G. D. 1998. Another new species of Dubautia (Asteraceae-Madiinae) from Kaua`i, Hawaiian Islands. Novon 8: 8–11.

Carr, G. D. and D. H. Lorence. 1998. A new species of Dubautia (Asteraceae-Madiinae) from Kaua`i, Hawaiian Islands. Novon 8: 4–7.

Carson, H. L. & D. A. Clague. 1995. Geology and biogeography of the Hawaiian Islands, pp. 14–29. In: Wagner, W.L. & V.A. Funk (eds.), Hawaiian biogeography: Evolution on a hot spot archipelago. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington.

Catalán, P., R. J. Soreng, and P. M. Peterson. 2009. Festuca aloha and F. molokaiensis (Poaceae: Loliinae), two new species from Hawai`i. J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 3: 51–58.

Catalán, P., P. Torrecilla, J. A. López-Rodríguez, J. Müller, and C. A. Stace. 2007. A systematic approach to subtribe Loliinae (Poaceae: Pooideae) based on phylogenetic evidence. Aliso 23: 380–405.

Chase M. W., J. L. Reveal, and M. F. Fay. 2009. A subfamilial classification for the expanded asparagalean families Amaryllidaceae, Asparagaceae and Xanthorrhoeaceae. Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 161: 132–136.

Chemisquy, M. A., L. M. Giussani, M. A. Scataglini, E. A. Kellogg, and O. Morrone. 2010. Phylogenetic studies favour the unification of Pennisetum, Cenchrus, and Odontelytrum (Poaceae): a combined nuclear, plastid and morphological analysis, and nomenclatural combinations in Cenchrus. Ann. Bot. 106:107–130.

Clark, J. R., R. H. Ree, M. E. Alfaro, M. G. King, W. L. Wagner, and E. H. Roalson. 2008. A comparative study in ancestral range reconstruction methods: Retracing the uncertain histories of insular lineages. Syst. Biol. 57: 693–707.

Clark, J. R., W. L. Wagner, and E. H. Roalson. 2009. Patterns of diversification and ancestral range reconstruction in the Southeast Asian-Pacific angiosperm lineage Cyrtandra (Gesneriaceae). Mol. Phylo. Evol. 53: 982–994.

Clemants, S. E. & S. L. Mosyakin. 2003. Dysphania. Fl. N. Amer. 4: 267–275.

Conant, P. 1996. New Hawaiian pest plant records for 1995. Bishop Mus. Occas. Pap. 46: 1–2.

Conant, P. 1998. Range extensions for melastomes in Hawai`i. Bishop Mus. Occas. Pap. 56: 1–2.

Page 111 Coppens d’Eeckenbrugge, G., V. E. Barney, P. M. Jorgensen, and J. M. MacDougal. 2001. Passiflora tarminiana, a new cultivated species of Passiflora subgenus Tacsonia (Passifloraceae). Novon 11: 8–15.

Cronk, Q. C. B., M. Kiehn, W. L. Wagner, and J. F. Smith. 2005. Evolution of Cyrtandra (Gesneriaceae) in the Pacific Ocean: The origin of a supertramp clade. Amer. J. Bot. 92: 1017–1024.

Cronquist, A. 1981. An integrated system of classification of flowering plants. Columbia University Press, New York.

Cuddihy, L. W. and C. P. Stone. 1990. Alteration of Hawaiian vegetation: Effects of humans, their activities and introductions. University of Hawaii Cooperative National Park Resources Studies Unit, Honolulu, HI.

DeFelice, R. C. 1999. A new distributional record for Halophila hawaiiana Doty & B. C. Stone (Hydrocharitaceae) in Hawai`i. Bishop Mus. Occas. Pap. 59: 2.

Ding Hou. 1958. Rhizophoraceae. Fl. Malesiana 5(4): 429–493.

Dragon, J. A. and D. S. Barrington. 2009. Systematics of the Carex aquatilis and C. lenticularis lineages: geographically and ecologically divergentsister clades of Carex section Phacocystis (Cyperaceae). Amer. J. Bot. 96: 1896–1906.

Du Puy, D. J., J.-N. Labat, and B. D. Schrire. 1993. The separation of two previously confused species in the Indigofera spicata complex (Leguminosae: Papilionoideae). Kew Bull. 48: 727–733.

Ebihara, A., J.-Y. Dubuisson, K. Iwatsuki, S. Hennequin, & I. Motomi. 2006. A taxonomic revision of Hymenophyllaceae. Blumea 51: 221–280.

Ezcurra, C. 1993. Systematics of Ruellia (Acanthaceae) in southern South America. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 80: 787–845.

Fantz, P. R. 1996. Taxonomic notes on the Centrosema pubescens Bentham complex in central America (Leguminosae: Phaseoleae: Clitoriinae). Sida. 17: 321–332.

Florence, J. 1997. Flore de la Polynésie française. Volume 1. Collection Faune et Flore tropicales 34. Institut Français de Recherche Scientifique Pour Le Développment en Coopération.

Flynn, T. and D. L. Lorence. 1998. New naturalized plant records for the Hawaiian Islands. Bishop Mus. Occas. Pap. 56: 5–6.

Flynn, T. and D. L. Lorence. 2002. Additions to the flora of the Hawaiian Islands. Bishop Mus. Occas. Pap. 69: 14–16.

Fosberg, F. R. 1948. Immigrant plants in the Hawaiian Islands. II. Univ. Hawaii Occas. Pap. 46: 1–17.

Frohlich, D. and A. Lau. 2007. New plant records from O`ahu for 2006. Bishop Mus. Occas. Pap. 96: 8–13.

Frohlich, D. and A. Lau. 2008. New plant records from O`ahu for 2007. Bishop Mus. Occas. Pap. 100: 3–12. Frohlich, D. and A. Lau. 2010. New plant records from O`ahu for 2008. Bishop Mus. Occas. Pap. 107: 3–18.

Fryxell, P. A. 2001. Talipariti (Malvaceae), a segregate from Hibiscus. Contrib. Univ. Mich. Herb. 23: 225– 270.

Page 112

Geiger, J. M. O. and T. A. Ranker. 2005. Molecular phylogenetics and historical biogeography of Hawaiian Dryopteris (Dryopteridaceae). Mol. Phylo. Evol. 34: 392–407. Gemmill, C. 1998. A new, narrow endemic species of Pritchardia (Arecaceae) from Kaua`i, Hawaiian Islands. Novon 8: 18–22.

Giussani, L. M., J. H. Cota-Sanchez, F. O. Zuloaga, and E. A. Kellogg. 2001. A molecular phylogeny of the grass subfamily Panicoideae (Poaceae) shows multiple origins of C4 photosynthesis. Amer. J. Bot. 88: 1993– 2012.

Govaerts, R., and D. G. Frodin. 2002. World Checklist and Bibliography of Araceae. Kew Royal Botanic Gardens.

Govaerts, R., D. G. Frodin and A. Radcliffe-Smith. 2000. World Checklist and Bibliography of Euphorbiaceae, 2: 717.

Govaerts, R. and A. Radcliffe-Smith. 1996. New names and combinations in Euphorbiaceae–– Phyllanthoïdeae. Kew Bull. 51: 175–178.

Graham, S. A. 1985. A revision of Ammannia (Lythraceae) in the Western Hemisphere. J. Arnold Arbor. 66: 395–420.

Grayer, R. J., M. R. Eckert, A. Lever, N. C. Veitch, G. C. Kite, and A. J. Paton. 2010. Distribution of exudate flavonoids in the genus Plectranthus, Biochemical Systematics and Ecology. 38(3): 335–341.

Green, P. S. 1994a . Asteraceae. Flora of Australia 49: 362–403.

Green, P. S. 1994b. Oleaceae. Flora of Australia 49: 327–334.

Grey-Wilson, C. 1982. Balsaminaceae. Fl Trop. East Africa. No. 45.

Groeninckx, I., S. Dessein, H. Ochoterena, C. Persson, T. J. Motley, J. Kårehed, B. Bremer, S. Huysmans, and Erik Smets. 2009. Phylogeny of the herbaceous tribe Spermacoceae (Rubiaceae) based on plastid DNA data. Ann. of the Missouri Bot. Gard. 96: 109–132.

Gu, H. and P. C. Hoch. 1997. Systematics of Kalimeris (Asteraceae: Astereae). Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 84: 762–814.

Harbaugh, D. , H. L. Oppenheimer, K. R. Wood, and W. L. Wagner. 2010. Taxonomic revision of the endangered Hawaiian red-flowered sandalwoods (Santalum) and discovery of an ancient hybrid species. Syst. Bot. 34(4): 827–838.

Harley, R. and A. Paton. 2001. Leonurus japonicus Houtt. (Labiatae): the correct name for a common tropical weed. Kew Bull. 56: 24–244.

Hartley, T. G. 2001. On the taxonomy and biogeography of Euodia and Melicope (Rutaceae). Allertonia 8: 288.

Hawley, B. M. and B. L. Pyle. 1995. New Hawaiian plant records. I. Bishop Mus. Occas. Pap. 42: 1.

Page 113 Haynes, R. R., D. H. Les, and M. Král. 1998. Two new combinations in Stuckenia, the correct name for Coleogeton (Potamogetonaceae). Novon 8: 241. Heads, M. J. 1996. Biogeography, taxonomy and evolution in the Pacific genus Coprosma (Rubiaceae). Candollea 51: 381–405. Herbarium Pacificum Staff. 1996. New Hawaiian plant records for 1995. Bishop Mus. Occas. Pap. 46: 3–8.

Herbarium Pacificum Staff. 1997. New Hawaiian plant records for 1996. Bishop Mus. Occas. Pap. 49: 18– 19.

Herbarium Pacificum Staff. 1998. New Hawaiian plant records for 1997. Bishop Mus. Occas. Pap. 56: 8– 15.

Herbarium Pacificum Staff. 1999. New Hawaiian plant records for 1998. Bishop Mus. Occas. Pap. 58: 3– 11.

Herbst, D. R. 1998. New records for Hawaiian plants. I. Bishop Mus. Occas. Pap. 56: 2–4.

Herbst, D. R. and W. D. Clayton. 1998. Notes on the grasses of Hawai`i; new records, corrections, and name changes. Bishop Mus. Occas. Pap. 55: 17–38.

Herbst, D. R., G. W. Staples, and C. T. Imada, and T. Clyde. 2004. New Hawaiian plant records for 2002– 2003. Bishop Mus. Occas. Pap. 78 (Part 1): 3–12.

Herbst, D. R. and W. L. Wagner. 1992. Alien plants on the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands, p. 189–224. In Stone, C. P., C. W. Smith, and J. T. Tunison, eds., Alien plant invasions in native ecosystems of Hawai`i. Management and research. University of Hawaii Cooperative National Park Resources Studies Unit, Honolulu.

Herbst, D. R. and W. L. Wagner. 1996. Contributions to the flora of Hawai`i. V. Bishop Mus. Occas. Pap. 46: 8–12.

Herbst, D. R. and W. L. Wagner. 1999. Contributions to the flora of Hawai`i. VII. Bishop Mus. Occas. Pap. 58: 12–36.

Hill, K. D. and L. A. S. Johnson. 1995. Systematic studies in the Eucalypts 7. A revision of the bloodwoods, genus Corymbia (Myrtaceae). Telopea 6: 185–504.

Hodel, Donald R. 2007. A review of the genus Pritchardia. Palms 51: S1– S53.

Hovenkamp, P. and F. Miyamoto. 2005. A conspectus of the native and naturalized species of Nephrolepis (Nephrolepidaceae) in the world. Blumea 50: 279–322.

Howarth, D. G., D. E. Gardner, and C. W. Morden. 1997 [1998]. Phylogeny of Rubus subgenus Idaeobatus (Rosaceae) and its implications toward colonization of the Hawaiian Islands. Syst. Bot. 22: 433–441.

Huber, H. 1987. Piperaceae, pp. 272–300, in Dassanayake, M. D. & F. R. Fosberg (eds.) A revised handbook to the flora of Ceylon. Vol. VI. Amerind Publishing Co., New Delhi.

Hughes, G. D’O. 1995. New Hawaiian plant records. II. Bishop Mus. Occas. Pap. 42: 1–10.

Imada, C. T. 2007. New Hawaiian plant records for 2005–2006. Bishop Mus. Occas. Pap. 96: 34–41.

Page 114

Imada, C. T., S. A. James, and B. H. Kennedy. 2008. New Hawaiian plant records from Herbarium Pacificum for 2007. Bishop Mus. Occas. Pap. 100: 12–16.

Imada, C. T., G. W. Staples, and D. R. Herbst. 2000. New Hawaiian plant records for 1999. Bishop Mus. Occas. Pap. 63: 9–16.

Inda, L. A., J. G. Segarra-Moragues, J. Müller, P. M. Peterson, and P. Catalán. 2008. Dated historical biogeography of the temperate Loliinae (Poaceae, Pooideae) grasses in the northern and southern hemispheres. Mol. Phylo. Evol. 46: 932-957.

Jeffrey, C. 1992. The tribe Senecioneae (Compositae) in the Mascarene Islands with an annotated world check-list of the genera of the tribe. Notes on Compositae VI. Kew Bull. 47: 49–109.

Judziewicz, E. J., R. J. Soreng, G. Davidse, P. M. Peterson, T. S. Filgueiras, and F. O. Zuloaga. 2000. Catalogue of New World Grasses (Poaceae): I. Subfamilies Anomochlooideae, Bambusoideae, Ehrhartoideae, and Pharoideae. Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 39: 1–128.

Kato, M. 2001. Deparia cataracticola (Woodsiaceae), a new species from Hawaii. Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 52: 1–9.

Kennedy, B. H., S. A. James, and C. T. Imada. 2010. New Hawaiian plant records from Herbarium Pacificum for 2008. Bishop Mus. Occas. Pap. 107: 19–26.

Kim, H., S. C. Keeley, and R. K. Jansen. 1996. Phylogenetic position of the Hawaiian endemic Hesperomannia (Mutisieae) based on ndhF sequence data. Amer. J. Bot. Suppl. 83(6): 167.

Kim, H., S. C. Keeley, P. S. Vroom. and R. K. Jansen. 1998. Molecular evidence for an African origin of the Hawaiian endemic Hesperomannia (Asteraceae). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 95: 15440–15445.

Kim, S., D. J. Crawford, M. Tadesse, M. Berbee, F. R. Ganders, M. Pirseyedi, and E. J. Esselman. 1999. ITS sequences and phylogenetic relationships in Bidens and Coreopsis (Asteraceae). Syst. Bot. 24: 480–493.

King, R. M. and H. Robinson. 1987. The genera of the Eupatorieae (Asteraceae). Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 22: i–ix, 1–581.

Kirch, P. V. and T. L. Hunt (eds.). 1997. Historical ecology in the Pacific islands: Prehistoric environmental and landscape change. Yale University Press, New Haven.

Koopman, W. J. M., M. J. Zevenbergen, and R. G. Van den Berg. 2001. Species relationships in Lactuca s.l. (Lactuceae, Asteraceae) inferred from AFLP fingerprints. Amer. J. Bot. 88: 1881–1887.

Koyama, T., Kennedy, B. H., and C. T. Imada. 2010. On the identity of Gahnia lanaiensis O. Deg. & J. Kern (Cyperaceae) of Hawai`i. Bishop Mus. Occas. Pap. 107: 29–32.

Labiak, P. H. 2011. Stenogrammitis, a new genus of grammitid ferns segregated from Lellingeria (Polypodiaceae). Brittonia 63: 139–149.

Lammers, T. G. 1991. Systematics of Clermontia (Campanulaceae-Lobelioideae). Syst. Bot. Monogr. 32: 1–97.

Page 115 Lammers, T. G. 1992. Two new combinations in the endemic Hawaiian genus Cyanea (Campanulaceae: Lobelioideae). Novon 2: 129–131.

Lammers, T. G. 1996. A new linear-leaved Cyanea (Campanulaceae: Lobelioideae) from Kaua`i, and the “rediscovery” of Cyanea linearifolia. Brittonia 48: 237–240.

Lammers, T. G. 1998. New names and combinations in Campanulaceae. Novon 8: 31–35.

Lammers, T. G. 1999. A new Lobelia from Mexico, with additional new combinations in world Campanulaceae. Novon 9: 381–389.

Lammers, T. G. 2004. Five new species of the endemic Hawaiian genus Cyanea (Campanulaceae: Lobelioideae). Novon 14: 84–101.

Lammers, T. G. 2005. Revision of Delissea (Campanulaceae-Lobelioideae). Sys. Bot. Monogr. 73: 1–75.

Lammers, T. G. 2007. Revision of Lobelia sect. Galeatella (Campanulaceae: Lobelioideae). J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 1: 789 – 810.

Lammers, T. G. 2009. Revision of the Endemic Hawaiian Genus Trematolobelia (Campanulaceae: Lobelioideae). Brittonia 61: 126–143.

Lammers, T. G., T. J. Givnish, and K. J. Sytsma. 1993. Merger of the endemic Hawaiian genera Cyanea and Rollandia (Campanulaceae: Lobelioideae). Novon 3: 437–441.

Lammers, T. G. and D. H. Lorence. 1993. A new species of Cyanea (Campanulaceae: Lobelioideae) from Kaua`i, and the resurrection of C. remyi. Novon 3: 431–436.

Lau, J. Q. C. 1995. New Hawaiian plant records. III. Bishop Mus. Occas. Pap. 42: 10.

Les, D. H. and R. R. Haynes. 1997. Coleogeton (Potamogetonaceae), a new genus of pondweeds. Novon 6: 389–391.

Lewis, G. P., B. Schrire, B. Mackinder, and M. Lock (eds.) 2005. Legumes of the world. Richmond, UK: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Loope, L. and A. C. Medeiros. 1992. A new and invasive pampas grass on Maui. Hawaiian Bot. Soc. Newsl. 31: 7–8.

Lorence, D. H. 1996. A new species of Nototrichium (Amaranthaceae) from Kaua`i, Hawaiian Islands. Novon 6: 64–67.

Lorence, D. H. and T. W. Flynn. 1997. New naturalized plant records for Kaua`i. Bishop Mus. Occas. Pap. 49: 9–13.

Lorence, D. H. and T. W. Flynn. 1999. New naturalized plant records for the Hawaiian Islands. Bishop Mus. Occas. Pap. 59: 3–6.

Lorence, D. H. and T. W. Flynn. 2006. New naturalized plant records for Kaua`i and Hawai`i. Bishop Mus. Occas. Papers 88: 1–5.

Page 116 Lorence, D. H., T. W. Flynn, and W. L. Wagner. 1995. Contributions to the flora of Hawai`i. III. New additions, range extensions, and rediscoveries of flowering plants. Bishop Mus. Occas. Pap. 41: 19–58.

Lorence, D. H. and C. E. C. Gemmill. 2004. Pritchardia flynnii (Arecaceae) a new endemic species from Kaua`i, Hawaiian Islands. Novon 14: 185–189.

Lorence, D. H. and S. Perlman. 2007. A new species of Cyrtandra (Gesneriaceae) from Hawai`i, Hawaiian Islands. Novon 17: 357–361.

Lorence, D. H. and W. L. Wagner. 1995. Another new, nearly extinct species of Hibiscadelphus (Malvaceae) from the Hawaiian Islands. Novon 5: 183–187.

Lorence, D. H. and W. L. Wagner. 1996. A new species of Chamaesyce sect. Sclerophyllae (Euphorbiaceae) from Kaua`i. Novon 6: 68–71.

Lorence, D. H., W. L. Wagner, and W. G. Laidlaw. 2010. Kadua haupuensis (Rubiaceae: Spermacoceae), a new endemic species from Kaua`i, Hawaiian Islands. Brittonia 62: 137–144.

Lorence, D. H. and K. R. Wood. 1994. Kanaloa, a new genus of Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) from Hawaii. Novon 4: 137–145.

Lowry, P. P, II and G. M. Plunkett. 2010. Recircumscription of Polyscias (Araliaceae) to include six related genera, with a new infrageneric classification and a synopsis of species. Plant Div. Evol. 128: 55– 84.

Lowry, P. P. and K. R. Wood. 2000. A new, threatened species of Tetraplasandra (Araliceae) from Kaua`i, Hawaiian Islands, and notes on its conservation status. Novon 10: 40–44.

Lye, K. A. 2003. Schoenoplectiella Lye, gen. nov. (Cyperaceae). Lidia 6: 20–29.

Mabberley, D. J. 1997. The plant book, 2nd edition. Cambridge University Press, United Kingdom.

Mabberley, D. J. 2008. The plant book, 3rd edition. Cambridge University Press, United Kingdom.Mabberley, D. J., C. M. Pannell, and A. M. Sing. 1995. Meliaceae. Fl. Malesiana. Ser. I. 12: 1– 407.

Mansion, G. 2004. A new classification of the polyphyletic genus Centaurium Hill (Chironiinae - Gentianaceae): description of the New-World endemic Zeltnera, and reinstatement of Gyrandra Griseb., and Schenkia Griseb. Taxon 53: 719–740.

Mansion, G., and L. Struwe. 2004. Molecular phylogeny of the subtribe Chironiinae. Evidences for a polyphyletic genus Centaurium Hill (Gentianaceae). Mol. Phylo. Evol. 32: 951–957.

Marr, K. L. and B. A. Bohm. 1997. A taxonomic revision of the endemic Hawaiian Lysimachia (Primulaceae), including three new species. Pacific Sci. 51: 254–287.

McDermid, K. J., M. C. Gregoritza, and D. W. Freshwater. 2002. A new record of a second seagrass species from the Hawaiian Archipelago: Halophila decipiens Ostenfeld. Aquatic Botany 74: 257–262.

Page 117 Medieros, A. C., L. L. Loope, and S. McElvaney. 1997. Status, ecology, and management of the invasive plant Miconia calvescens DC. (Melastomataceae) in the Hawaiian Islands. Bishop Mus. Occas. Pap. 48: 23– 36.

Meidell, J. S., H. L. Oppenheimer, and R. T. Bartlett. 1997. New plant records from Pu`u Kukui watershed and adjacent areas, Maui. Bishop Mus. Occas. Pap. 49: 17–18.

Meidell, J. S., H. L. Oppenheimer, and R. T. Bartlett. 1998. New plant records from West Maui. Bishop Mus. Occas. Pap. 56: 6–8.

Middleton, D. J. 2002. Revision of Alyxia (Apocynaceae). Part 2: Pacific Islands and Australia. Blumea 47: 1–93.

Miller, S. E., and G. W. Staples. 2003. Begonia fusca (Begoniaceae), a new naturalized species for Hawai`i. Bishop Mus. Occas. Pap. 74: 22–23.

Molvray, M. 1997. A synopsis of Korthalsella (Viscaceae). Novon 7: 268–273.

Mort, M. E., D. E. Soltis, P. S. Soltis, J. Francisco-Ortega, and A. Santos Guerra. 2001. Phylogenetic relationships and evolution of Crassulaceae inferred from matK sequence data. Amer. J. Bot. 88: 76–91. 2001.

Mosyakin, S. L. and W. L. Wagner. 1998. Notes on two alien taxa of Rumex L. (Polygonaceae) naturalized in the Hawaiian Islands. Bishop Mus. Occas. Pap. 55: 39–44.

Motley, T. 1995. Rediscovery of Labordia triflora (Loganiaceae). Pacific Sci. 49: 221–226.

Motley, T. 2005. Tetraplasandra lydgatei (Araliaceae): Taxonomic Recognition of a Rare, Endemic Species from O`ahu, Hawaiian Islands. Pacific Sci. 59: 105–110.

Mueller-Dombois, D. and F. R. Fosberg. 1998. Vegetation of the tropical Pacific islands. Ecological Studies 132. Springer-Verlag, New York.

Munir, A. A. 1992. A taxonomic revision of the genus Stachytarpheta (Verbenaceae) in Australia. J. Adelaide Bot. Gard. 14: 133–168.

Nagata, K. M. 1995. New Hawaiian plant records. IV. Bishop Mus. Occas. Pap. 42: 10–13.

Namoff S, Q. Luke, F. Jimenez, A. Veloz, C.E. Lewis, V. Sosa, M. Maunder, and J. Francisco-Ortega. 2010. Phylogenetic analyses of nucleotide sequences confirm a unique plant intercontinental disjunction between tropical Africa, the Caribbean, and the Hawaiian Islands. Journal of Plant Research 123: 57–65.

Neal, M. C. 1965. In gardens of Hawaii. 2nd ed. Special Publ. Bernice P. Bishop Mus. 50: 1–924.

Nesom, G. L. 1994. Review of the taxonomy of Aster sensu lato (Asteraceae: Astereae), emphasizing the New World species. Phytologia. 77: 141–297.

Nesom, G. L. 2000. Generic Conspectus of the Tribe Astereae (Asteraceae) in North American, Central America, the Antilles, and Hawaii. Sida, Botanical Miscellany, No. 20, Botanical Research Institute of Texas, Fort Worth, Texas.

Page 118 Nesom, G.L. 2001. Taxonomic notes on Keysseria and Pytinicarpa (Asteraceae: Astereae, Lageniferinae). Sida 19: 513–518.

Nesom, G. L. 2005. Taxonomy of the Symphyotrichum (Aster) subulatum group and Symphyotrichum (Aster) tenuifolium (Asteraceae: Stereae). Sida 21: 2125–2140.

Nicolson, D. H. 1996. Proposal to conserve the name Lagenophora (Compositae) with a conserved spelling. Taxon 45: 341–342.

Oppenheimer, H. L. 2002. The Spread of Gymnosperms on Maui: A Neglected Element of the Modern Hawaiian Flora. Bishop Mus. Occas. Pap. 68: 19–23.

Oppenheimer, H. L. 2003. New plant records from Maui and Hawai`i counties. Bishop Mus. Occas. Pap. 73: 3–30.

Oppenheimer, H. L. 2004. New Hawaiian plant records for 2003. Bishop Mus. Occas. Pap. 79: 8–20.

Oppenheimer, H. L. 2006. New Hawaiian plant records for 2004. Bishop Mus. Occas. Pap. 88: 10–15.

Oppenheimer, H. L. 2007. New plant records from Moloka`i, Lanai`, Maui, and Hawai`i for 2006. Bishop Mus. Occas. Pap. 96: 17–34.

Oppenheimer, H. L. 2008. New Hawaiian plant records for 2007. Bishop Mus. Occas. Pap. 100: 22–38.

Oppenheimer, H. L. 2010. New Hawaiian plant records for Maui County for 2008. Bishop Mus. Occas. Pap. 107: 33–40.

Oppenheimer, H. L. 2011. New Hawaiian plant records for 2009. Bishop Mus. Occas. Pap. 110: 5–10.

Oppenheimer, H. L. and R. T. Bartlett. 2000. New plant records from Maui, O`ahu, and Hawai`i Islands. Bishop Mus. Occas. Pap. 64: 1–10.

Oppenheimer, H. L. and R. T. Bartlett. 2002. Records of the Hawaii Biological Survey for 2000 – Part 2: Notes. Bishop Mus. Occas. Pap. 69: 1–14.

Oppenheimer, H. L., J. S. Meidell, and R. T. Bartlett. 1999. New plant records for Maui and Moloka`i. Bishop Mus. Occas. Pap. 59: 7–11.

Oudejans, R. C. H. M. 1989. New names and new combinations in the genus Euphorbia L. (Euphorbiaceae). Phytologia 67: 43-49.

Palmer, D.D. 2003. Hawai`i's Ferns and Fern Allies. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu.

Palmer, D.D. 2005. Pneumatopteris pendens (Thelypteridaceae), a New Hawaii Endemic Species of Pneumatopteris from Hawaii. Amer. Fern J. 95: 80–83.

Parker, J. L. and B. Parsons. 2010. New plant records from the Big Island for 2008. Bishop Mus. Occas. Pap. 107: 41-43.

Page 119 Paton A. J., D. Springate, S. Suddee, D. Otieno, R. J. Grayer, M. M. Harley, F. Willis, M. S. J. Simmonds, M. P. Powell, and V. Savolainen. 2004. Phylogeny and Evolution of Basils and Allies (Ocimeae, Labiatae) based on three Plastid DNA Regions. Mol. Phylo. Evol 31: 277-299.

Peterson, P. M., R. J. Soreng, G. Davidse, T. S. Filgueiras, F. O. Zuloaga, and E. J. Judziewicz. 2001. Catalogue of New World Grasses (Poaceae): II. Subfamily Chloridoideae. Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 41: 1–255.

Peterson, P. M., K. Romaschenko, N. Snow, and G. Johnson. In press. A molecular phylogeny and classification of Leptochloa (Poaceae: Chloridoideae: Chlorideae) sensu lato and related genera. Ann. Bot. London.

Pfeil, B. E., C. L. Brubaker, L. A. Craven, and M. D. Crisp. 2002. Phylogeny of Hibiscus and the tribe Hibisceae (Malvaceae) using chloroplast DNA sequences of ndhF and the rpl16 intron. Syst. Bot. 27: 333– 350.

Plunkett, G. M. and P. P. Lowry II. 2010. Paraphyly and polyphyly in Polyscias sensu lato: molecular evidence and the case for recircumscribing the “pinnate genera” of Araliaceae. Plant. Div. Evol. 128: 23–54.

Prince, L. M. and C. R. Parks. 2001. Phylogenetic relationships of Theaceae inferred from chloroplast DNA sequence data. Amer. J. of Bot. 88: 2309–2320.

Ranker, T.A. 2008. A new combination in Adenophorus (Polypodiaceae). Amer. Fern J. 98: 170–171.

Ranker, T. A., J. M. O. Geiger, S. C. Kennedy, A. R. Smith, C. H. Haufler, and B. S. Parris. 2003. Molecular phylogenetics and evolution of the endemic Hawaiian genus Adenophorus (Grammitidaceae). Mol. Phylo. Evol. 26: 337–447.

Ranker, T. A., A. R. Smith, B. S. Parris, J. M. O. Geiger, C. H. Haufler, S. C. K. Straub, and H. Schneider. 2004. Phylogeny and evolution of grammitid ferns (Grammitidaceae): a case of rampant morphological homoplasy. Taxon 53: 415–428.

Razafimandimbison S. G. and B. Bremer. 2011. Nomenclatural changes and taxonomic notes in the tribe Morindeae (Rubiaceae). Adansonia, 33: 283–309.

Razafimandimbison, S. G., T. D. McDowell, D. A. Halford, and B. Bremer. 2009. Molecular phylogenetics and generic assessment in the tribe Morindeae (Rubiaceae-Rubioideae): how to circumscribe Morinda L. to be monophyletic? Mol. Phylo. Evol. 52: 879–886.

Resslar, P. 2010. Caladium bicolor naturalized on the island of Hawai`i. Bishop Mus. Occas. Pap. 107: 44– 45.

Robson, N. K. B. 1990. Studies in the genus Hypericum L. (Guttiferae) 8. Sections 29. Brathys (part 2) and 30. Trigynobrathys. Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Bot. 20: 1–151.

Ronse Decraene, L.-P. and J. R. Akeroyd. 1988. Generic limits in Polygonum and related genera (Polygonaceae) on the basis of floral characters. Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 98: 321–371.

St. John, H. 1966. Monograph of Cyrtandra (Gesneriaceae) on Oahu, Hawaiian Islands. Bernice P. Bishop Mus. Bull. 229: 1–465.

Page 120 St. John, H. 1981. Lepidium orbiculare (Cruciferae) of Kauai. Hawaiian plant studies 105. Phytologia 47: 371–373.

St. John, H. 1987a. Diagnoses of Delissea species (Lobeliaceae) from Kauai: Hawaiian plant studies 145. Phytologia 63: 339–349.

St. John, H. 1987b. Diagnoses of Cyrtandra species (Gesneriaceae) section Schizocalyces: Hawaiian plant studies 157. Phytologia 63: 494–503.

St. John, H. 1987c. Diagnoses of Phyllostegia species (Labiatae): Hawaiian plant studies 140. Phytologia 63: 172–182

St. John, H. 1987d. Diagnoses of Lysimachia species (Primulaceae): Hawaiian plant studies 159. Phytologia 64: 43–50.

St. John, H. 1987e. Diagnoses of Panicum species (Gramineae): Hawaiian plant studies 149. Phytologia 63: 368–395.

St. John, H. 1988. Diagnoses of some Phanerogamae: Hawaiian plant studies 165. Phytologia 64: 177–178.

Sato, P. 1998. A new naturalized plant species in windward O`ahu, Hawai`i. Bishop Mus. Occas. Pap. 56: 14.

Saunders, J. 2011. Resurrection of the Maui endemic Waltheria pyrolifolia (Sterculiaceae, Hermannieae). Darwiniana 49: 76–85.

Schneider, H., T. A. Ranker, S. J. Russell, R. Cranfill, J. M. O. Geiger, R. Aguraiuja, K. R. Wood, M. Grundmann, K. Kloberdanz, and J. C. Vogel. 2005. Origin of the endemic fern genus Diellia coincides with the renewal of Hawaiian terrestrial life in the Miocene. Proc. Biol. Sci. B. 272: 455–460.

Schönenberger, J., A. A. Anderberg, and K. J. Sytsma. 2005. Molecular phylogenetics and patterns of floral evolution in the Ericales. Int. J. Pl. Sci.166: 265–288.

Shannon, R. K. and W. L. Wagner. 1996. New records of Hawaiian flowering plants primarily from the United States National Herbarium. Bishop Mus. Occas. Pap. 46: 13–15.

Shannon, R. K., W. L. Wagner, and D. H. Nicolson. 1997. (1322) Proposal to conserve the name Scaevola taccada (Goodeniaceae) with a conserved type. Taxon 46: 801–802.

Shaw, R. B. and P. P. Douglas. 1995. Carex inversa R. Br. (Cyperaceae), new to Hawaii and the United States. Phytologia 78: 249–255.

Smedmark, J. E. E. and A. A. Anderberg. 2007. Boreotropical migration explains hybridization between geographically distant lineages in the pantropical clade Sideroxyleae (Sapotaceae). Amer. J. Bot. 94: 1491– 1505.

Smith, A. C. 1988. Flora Vitiensis Nova: a new flora of Fiji (spermatophytes only). Vol 5. Pacific Tropical Botanical Garden, Lawai.

Smith, A. R., K. M. Pryer, E. Schuettpelz, P. Korall, H. Schneider, and P. G. Wolf. 2006. A classification for extant ferns. Taxon 55: 705–731.

Page 121

Smith, S. G. 1995. New combinations in North American Schoenoplectus, Bolboschoenus, Isolepis, and Trichophorum (Cyperaceae). Novon 5: 97–102.

Snow, N. 2008. Notes on grasses (Poaceae) in Hawai`i. Bishop Mus. Occas. Pap. 100: 38–43.

Snow, N and G. Davidse. 2011. Notes on grasses (Poaceae) in Hawai`i: 3. Bishop Mus. Occas. Pap. 110: 17– 22.

Snow, N and A. Lau. 2010. Notes on grasses (Poaceae) in Hawai`i: 2. Bishop Mus. Occas. Pap. 107: 46–60.

Snow, N., T. A. Ranker, and D. H. Lorence. 2011. Taxonomic changes in Hawaiian ferns and lycophytes. Bishop Mus. Occ. Pap. 110: 11–16.

Soreng, R. J., P. M. Peterson, G. Davidse, E. J. Judziewicz, F. O. Zuloaga, T. S. Filgueiras, and O. Morrone. 2003. Catalogue of New World Grasses (Poaceae): IV. Subfamily Pooideae. Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 48: 1– 730.

Specht, C. D. and D. W. Stevenson. 2006. A new phylogeny-based generic classification of Costaceae (Zingiberales). Taxon 55: 153–163.

Staples, G. W., D. R. Herbst, and C. T. Imada. 2006. New Hawaiian plant records for 2004. Bishop Mus. Occas. Pap. 88: 6–12.

Staples, G. W., C. T. Imada, and D. R. Herbst. 2002. New Hawaiian plant records for 2000. Bishop Mus. Occas. Pap. 68: 3–18.

Staples, G. W., C. T. Imada, and D. R. Herbst. 2003. New Hawaiian plant records for 2001. Bishop Mus. Occas. Pap. 74: 7–21.

Staples, G.W. and K. R. Woolliams. 1997. An overlooked naturalized aroid for the Hawaiian Flora. Bishop Mus. Occas. Pap. 49: 13–16.

Starr, F. and K. Martz. 2000. New plant records for Midway Atoll for 1999. Bishop Mus. Occas. Pap. 64: 10–12.

Starr, F., K. Martz, and L. L. Loope. 1999. New plant records from East Maui for 1998. Bishop Mus. Occas. Pap. 59: 11–15.

Starr, F., K. Martz, and L. L. Loope. 2002. New plant records from the Hawaiian Archipelago. Bishop Mus. Occas. Pap. 69: 16–27.

Starr, F. and K. Starr. 2011. New plant records from Midway Atoll, Maui, and Kaho`olawe. Bishop Mus. Occas. Pap. 110: 23–35.

Starr, F., K. Starr, and L. L. Loope. 2003. New plant records from the Hawaiian Archipelago. Bishop Mus. Occas. Pap. 74: 23–34.

Starr, F., K. Starr, and L. L. Loope. 2004. New plant records from the Hawaiian Archipelago. Bishop Mus. Occas. Pap. 79: 20–30.

Page 122 Starr, F., K. Starr, and L. L. Loope. 2006. New plant records from the Hawaiian Archipelago. Bishop Mus. Occas. Pap. 87: 31–43.

Starr, F., K. Starr, and L. L. Loope. 2008. New plant records from the Hawaiian Archipelago. Bishop Mus. Occas. Pap. 100: 44–49.

Starr, F., K. Starr, and L. L. Loope. 2010. New plant records from the Hawaiian Archipelago. Bishop Mus. Occas. Pap. 107: 61–68. Steinmann, V. W. and Porter, J. M. 2002. Phylogenetic relationships in Euphorbieae (Euphorbiaceae) based on ITS and ndhF sequence data. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 89: 453–490.

Stevens, P. F. 2001, onwards. Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Version 3, May 2002 [but more or less continuously updated since]. http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/Research/APweb/welcome.html

Stone, C. P., C. W. Smith, and J. T. Tunison (eds.). 1992. Alien plant invasions in native ecosystems of Hawaii: Management and research. University of Hawaii Cooperative National Park Resources Studies Unit, Honolulu, HI.

Strong, M. T. 2004. (1644) Proposal to reject the name Scirpus miliaceus (Cyperaceae). Taxon 53(4): 1069– 1070.

Strong, M. T. 2006. Taxonomy and distribution of Rhynchospora (Cyperaceae) in the Guianas, South America. Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 53: 1–225.

Strong, M. T. and W. L. Wagner. 1997. New and noteworthy Cyperaceae from the Hawaiian Islands. Bishop Mus. Occas. Pap. 48: 37–50.

Sun, B. and S. M. Phillips. 2006. Ischaemum. Fl. China 22: 609–613.

Sundberg, S. D. 2004. New combinations in North American Symphyotrichum subgenus Astropolium(Asteraceae: Astereae). Sida 21: 903–910.

Swenson, U. and A. A. Anderberg. 2005. Phylogeny, character evolution, and classification of Sapotaceae (Ericales). Cladistics 21: 101–130.

Swenson, U., J. Munzinger, and I. V. Bartish. 2007. Molecular phylogeny of Planchonella (Sapotaceae) and eight new species from New Caledonia. Taxon 56:329–354.

Terrell, E. E. and W. H. Lewis. 1990. Oldenlandiopsis (Rubiaceae), a new genus from the Caribbean Basin, based on Oldenlandia callitrichoides Grisebach. Brittonia 42: 185–190.

Terrell, E. E., H. E. Robinson, W. L. Wagner, and D. H. Lorence. 2005. Resurrection of genus Kadua for Hawaiian Hedyotidinae (Rubiaceae), with emphasis on seed and fruit characters and notes on south Pacific species. Syst. Bot. 30: 818–833.

Thomson, J. A. 2004. Towards a taxonomic revision of Pteridium (Dennstaedtiaceae). Telopea 10: 793–803.

Tripp, E. A., T. F. Daniel, J. C. Lendemer, and L. A. McDade. 2009. New molecular and morphological insights prompt transfer of Blechum to Ruellia (Acanthaceae). Taxon 58: 893–906.

Page 123 Tucker, G. C. 1994. Revision of the Mexican species of Cyperus (Cyperaceae). Syst. Bot. Monogr. 43: 1– 213.

Vitousek, P. M., L. L. Loope, and H. Andersen (eds.). 1995. Islands: Biological diversity and ecosystem function. Ecological Studies 115. Springer-Verlag, New York. Wagner, W. L. 1996. Scaevola hobdyi (Goodeniaceae), an enigmatic new species from West Maui, Hawaiian Islands. Novon 6: 225–227.

Wagner, W. L. 1999a. Nomenclator and Review of Hawaiian Phyllostegia (Lamiaceae). Novon 9: 265–279.

Wagner, W. L. 1999b. A new species of Hawaiian Phyllostegia (Lamiaceae) from Kauaì, and recognition of a Waiànae Mountain, Oàhu endangered variety of Phyllostegia parviflora. Novon 9: 280–283.

Wagner, W. L. and V. A. Funk (eds.). 1995. Hawaiian biogeography: Evolution on a hot spot archipelago. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC.

Wagner, W. L. and E. M. Harris. 2000. A unique Hawaiian Schiedea (Caryophyllaceae: Alsinoideae) with only five fertile stamens. Amer. J. Bot. 87: 153–160.

Wagner, W. L. and D. R. Herbst. 1995. Contributions to the flora of Hawai`i. IV. New records and name changes. Bishop Mus. Occas. Pap. 42: 13–27.

Wagner, W. L., D. R. Herbst, and S. H. Sohmer. 1990. Manual of the flowering plants of Hawai`i. University of Hawaii Press. (Bishop Museum Special Publication 83).

Wagner, W. L. and D. H. Lorence. 1998. A new, dioecious species of Hedyotis (Rubiaceae) from Kaua`i, Hawaiian Islands, and the taxonomy of Kaua`i Hedyotis schlechtendahliana resolved. Novon 8: 311–317.

Wagner, W. L. and D. H. Lorence. 2000. A reassessment of Cyrtandra kealiae and C. limahuliensis (Gesneriaceae). Bishop Mus. Occas. Pap. 63: 17–20.

Wagner, W. L. and H. Robinson. 2001. Lipochaeta and Melanthera (Asteraceae: Heliantheae subtribe Ecliptinae): Establishing their natural limits and a synopsis. Brittonia 53: 539–561.

Wagner, W. L. and R. K. Shannon. 1998. Notes on Hawaiian Melicope (Rutaceae). Bishop Mus. Occas. Pap. 56: 15–17.

Wagner, W. L. and R. K. Shannon. 1999. Nomenclator of Hawaiian Sicyos (Cucurbitaceae). Novon 9: 441– 447.

Wagner, W. L., R. K. Shannon, and D. R. Herbst. 1997. Contributions to the flora of Hawai`i. VI. Bishop Mus. Occas. Pap. 48: 51–65.

Wagner, W. L. and S. G. Weller. 1991. Resurrection of a Kaua`i Stenogyne: S. kealiae. Pacific Sci. 45: 50– 54.

Wagner, W. L. and S. G. Weller. 1999. Rediscovery and assessment of Stenogyne sherffii Degener (Lamiaceae). Novon 9: 448–449.

Wagner, W. L., S. G. Weller, and A. K. Sakai. 1994. Description of a rare new cliff-dwelling species from Kaua`i, Schiedea attenuata (Caryophyllaceae). Novon 4: 187–190.

Page 124

Wagner, W. L., S. G. Weller, and A. K. Sakai. 2005. Monograph of Schiedea (Caryophyllaceae subfam. Alsinoideae). Syst. Bot. Monogr. 72: 1–169.

Wagner, W. L., S. G. Weller, A. K. Sakai, A. C. Medeiros. 1999. An autogamous rain forest species of Schiedea (Caryophyllaceae) from East Maui, Hawaiian Islands. Novon 9: 284–287.

Wagner. W. L., K. R. Wood, and D. H. Lorence. 2001. A new species of Cyrtandra from Kaua`i, Hawaiian Islands. Novon 11: 146–152. Warren, S. D. and D. R. Herbst. 1994. More records for Kaho`olawe. Newslet. Hawaiian Bot. Soc. 33: 1–3.

Weiller, C. M. 1999. Leptecophylla, a new genus for species formerly included in Cyathodes (Epacridaceae). Muelleria 12: 195–214.

Wiersema, J. H., J. H. Kirkbride, and C. R. Gunn. 1990. Legume (Fabaceae) nomenclature in the USDA Gerplasm System. U. S. Dept. Agric., Tech. Bull. 1757: 1–572.

Wilbur, R. L. 1994. The Myricaceae of the United States and Canada: Genera, subgenera, ans series. Sida 16: 93–107.

Wilmot-Dear, C. M. 1990. A revision of Mucuna (Leguminosae-Phaseoleae) in the Pacific. Kew Bull. 45: 1–35.

Wilson, F. D. 1993. Hibiscus section Furcaria (Malvaceae) in islands of the Pacific Basin. Brittonia 45: 275–285.

Wilson, K. A. 2003. New records of alien pteridophytes for Hawai`i. Bishop Mus. Occas. Pap. 74: 5–6.

Wilson, K. L. 1990. Some widespread species of Persicaria (Polygonaceae) and their allies. Kew Bull. 45: 621–636.

Wood, K. R. 2006. New plant records and rediscoveries within the Hawaiian Islands. Bishop Mus. Occas. Pap. 88: 15–19.

Wood, K. R. 2007. New plant records, rediscoveries, range extensions, and possible extinctions within the Hawaiian Islands. Bishop Mus. Occas. Pap. 96: 13–17.

Wood, K. R. In press. Possible extinctions, rediscoveries and new plant records within the Hawaiian Islands. Bishop Mus. Occas. Pap.

Wood, K. R. and M. LeGrande. 2006. An annotated checklist of new island records of flowering plants from Lehau Islet, Ni`ihau, Hawaii. Bishop Mus. Occas. Pap. 87: 19–29.

Wood, K. R. and M. Kiehn. 2011. Pittosporum halophilum Rock (Pittosporaceae: Apiales): rediscovery, taxonomic assessment, and conservation status of a critically endangered endemic species from Moloka`i, Hawaiian Islands. Pacific Sci. 65: 465–476.

Page 125

Wood, K. R. and H. Oppenheimer. 2008. Stenogyne kauaulaensis (Lamiaceae), a new species from Maui, Hawaiian Islands. Novon 18: 544–549.

Wood, K. R., W. L. Wagner, and T. J. Motley. 2007. Labordia lorenciana (Loganiaceae), a new critically endangered species from Kaua`i, Hawaiian Islands with comments on its conservation. Syst. Bot. 32: 195–199.

Woodward, P. W. 1972. The natural history of Kure Atoll, Northwestern Hawaiian Islands. Atoll Res. Bull. 164: 1–318.

Wysong M. and G. Hughes. 2007. New Hawaiian plant records for the island of Moloka`i. Bishop Mus. Occas. Pap. 96: 1–8.

Yang, Y. and P. E. Berry. 2011. Phylogenetics of the Chamaesyce clade (Euphorbia, Euphorbiaceae): reticulate evolution and long-distance dispersal in a prominent C4 lineage. Amer. J. Bot. 98: 1486–1503.

Yesilyurt, J. C. 2005. The fern genus Doryopteris (Cheilanthoideae-Pteridaceae) in the Hawaiian Islands. Kew Bulletin 60: 547–558.

Zhang, L.-B. and M. P. Simmons. 2006. Phylogeny and delimitation of the Celastrales inferred from nuclear and plastid genes. Syst. Bot. 31: 122–137.

Zuloaga, F. O., O. Morrone, G. Davidse, T. S. Filgueiras, P. M. Peterson, R. J. Soreng, and E. Judziewicz. 2003. Catalogue of New World Grasses (Poaceae): III. Subfamilies Panicoideae, Aristidoideae, Arundinoideae, and Danthonioideae. Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 46: 1–662.

This file obtained from Smithsonian Botany at http://botany.si.edu/pacificislandbiodiversity/hawaiianflora

Page 126