DOCSLIB.ORG

Asparagus Weeds Management Manual

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Asparagus Weeds Management Manual Weeds of National Significance Asparagus weeds Management Manual Current management and control options for asparagus weeds Asparagus spp. in Australia National Asparagus Weeds Management Committee Asparagus weeds Management Manual Current management and control options for asparagus weeds Asparagus spp. in Australia Weeds of National Significance 203 i 203 State of NSW and ffice of Environment and Heritage This publication is intended to provide information only on the subect under review. It is not intended to provide, nor does it constitute, epert advice. eaders are warned against relying solely on the information herein. Further professional advice should be sought before acting on the information supplied in this manual. While all care has been taken in the preparation of this publication, neither the ffice of Environment and Heritage NSW, nor its staff accept any responsibility for any loss or damage that may result from any inaccuracy or omission, or from the use of the information herein. Published by: This publication should be cited as: ffice of Environment and Heritage ffice of Environment and Heritage 203. 6 oulburn Street, Sydney NSW 2000 Asparagus weeds management manual: current P Bo A20, Sydney South NSW 232 management and control options for asparagus weeds Asparagus spp. in Australia. ffice of Ph: 02 000 switchboard Environment and Heritage NSW, Sydney. Ph: 3 environment information and publications requests This proect was supported by the ffice of or 300 36 6 national parks, general Environment and Heritage NSW, through funding environmental enquiries and publications requests from the Australian overnments Caring for our Fa: 02 Country. TT users: 336, then ask for 3 With the eception of photographs and drawings, Speak and listen users: phone 300 2, then the State of NSW and ffice of Environment and ask for 3 Heritage are pleased to allow this material to be Email: infoenvironment.nsw.gov.au reproduced in whole or in part for educational Website: www.environment.nsw.gov.au and non-commercial use, provided the meaning is unchanged and its source, publisher and authorship are acknowledged. Specific permission is required for the reproduction of photographs and drawings. For further information contact: ISBN 8 43 3 2 Pest and Ecological Management nit EH 203/0486 Parks and Wildlife roup uly 203 ffice of Environment and Heritage NSW Phone: 300 36 6 Designed and typeset by Fiona ichardson, .. and F.. ichardson, Melbourne, ictoria This manual was produced as part of the Weeds of National Significance initiative, and is available for Cover images: free download from the ffice and Environment A scandens Hillary Cherry front and Heritage website www.environment.nsw.gov.au A declinatus Tim Parkinson back Printed on environmentally sustainable paper ii Acknowledgments Principal authors and compilers Asparagus weeds management erinne arvey, New South Wales, ffice of workshops Environment and Heritage Workshops and discussions were held with weed illary Cherry, New South Wales, ffice of Environment managers and community volunteers in New South and Heritage Wales, ueensland, South Australia, Tasmania, ictoria, and Western Australia in 202 and 203. Contributions arah ollandClift, Sydney, New South Wales, from over 400 dedicated asparagus weed managers Environmental consultant provided valuable information on current management ohn argreaves, Warrnambool, ictoria, Environmental and control practices, much of which forms the basis of consultant this manual. Many thanks to all those who contributed. Case study authors Valuable comments, information and ue Bower, Lord Howe Island Board, New South Wales review provided by ieran Brewer, South Australian Indigenous Flora, South igel Ainsworth, Biosecurity ictoria, Department of Australia Environment and Primary Industries, ictoria Alan Carter, Strategic Weed Control and egetation ank Bower, Lord Howe Island Board, New South Wales Management, ueensland ue Bower, Lord Howe Island Board, New South Wales ill Campbell, Sunshine Beach Bushland Care, avid Cooke, Biosecurity South Australia, Primary ueensland Industries and egions, South Australia Wendy uller, Narrawallee Bushcare roup, New South Tony Cook, NSW Department of Primary Industries, New Wales South Wales obert anna, Conserv-Action Environmental Services, Adrian ansen, Ecological Natural Area Management, ld ictoria ohn odgon, Department of National Parks, ecreation, Tracey ardwicke, Department of Environment, Water Sport and acing, ueensland and Natural esources, Adelaide and Mount Lofty ym ohnson, Biosecurity ueensland, Department of anges, South Australia Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, ueensland teve odgson, National Parks and Wildlife Service, avid ane, Department of Primary Industries, Parks, New South Wales Water and Environment, Tasmania Invasive pecies and ative Animal anagement nit, usan awrie, Flinders niversity, South Australia Brisbane City Council, ueensland eigh artin, ffice of Environment and Heritage, NSW ay effery, Iluka Landcare roup, New South Wales tuart conald, Byron Shire Council, NSW tuart conald, Byron Shire Council, New South ouise orin, CSI Ecosystem Sciences, ACT Wales eter ichael, Port Macquarie-Hastings Council, NSW eter ichael, Port Macquarie-Hastings Council, New heldon avie, Technigro, ueensland South Wales atthew pringall, ffice of Environment and Heritage, Alasdair tratton, Shoalhaven City Council, New South NSW Wales reg tewart, Natural esource Management North, Tas artyn wain, Clarence alley Council, New South eter Tucker, Department of Environment, Water and Wales Natural esources, South Australia eff Thomas, National Parks and Wildlife Service, New eter Turner, ffice of Environment and Heritage, NSW South Wales ory Wiadrowski, Department of Environment, Water erry Thompson, Shoalhaven City Council, New South and Natural esources, South Australia Wales Andrew Wills, Brisbane City Council, ueensland iii Foreword Weeds are often referred to as an ‘intractable’ problem that is, one that is difficult to deal with or solve. This, together with the sie of the weed problem in Australia yes, it’s big, can result in weed management being relegated to the ‘too hard’ basket. eaders of this manual will be aware that, while weeds are a significant and difficult problem, it is critical that we do manage them to protect the things that we value, in particular, Australia’s unique environment. Large and difficult problems require clever and effective solutions. The thousands of people working to tackle the weed problem in Australia are developing those solutions all the time. ver the last 20 or so years, we have built a well-stocked toolbo that contains strategic, effective tools and techniques to control weeds. This manual is yet another tool for the weed managers’ toolbo. It contains the collective understanding and eperience of hundreds of asparagus weed managers from across the country, who have kindly provided their knowledge and epertise. This manual provides a wealth of information on the biology, ecology and effective control of the seven asparagus Weeds of National Significance that have invaded southern and eastern Australia. Importantly, it also highlights other new and emerging asparagus weeds that can be eradicated now, to prevent them becoming part of the weed problem. The manual includes advice on planning, holistic management, restoration and monitoring, as well as case studies that provide real eamples of the successes and challenges of asparagus weed control. Because they are passionate about protecting our biodiversity, thousands of dedicated community volunteers and weed professionals are chipping away every day at the weed problem. This manual can now be added to that well-stocked toolbo that supports their ecellent work. While it will require long-term effort and continued dedication, the weed problem is not intractable but rather more tractable and feasible every day. Although it may not always seem like it, we are on the winning side of the weed battle keep the pressure on With sincere thanks to weed managers everywhere, illary Cherry Weeds of ational ignificance Coordinator une 3 iv Contents National management vi sing this manual vi Asparagus weed network in Australia vii Section 1 Biology and threat 1 nderstanding asparagus weeds 2 Identifying asparagus weeds 6 Where to find asparagus weeds 0 Biology, ecology and impacts of asparagus weeds in Australia Section 2 Planning and pre-control considerations 29 Plan before you control 30 The planning process 3 Checklist of steps to develop a weed management plan 32 Section 3 Control methods 41 Choosing a control method 42 Native species that can be confused with asparagus weeds 43 Detailed overview of control methods 44 Section 4 Holistic management of invasive vines and scramblers 69 A holistic approach to management 0 Management considerations in natural habitats invaded by asparagus weeds 3 ey management considerations 4 Section 5 Follow-up, restoration and monitoring 77 Follow-up 8 estoration Monitoring 84 Section 6 Case studies 89 Section 7 Further information 109 Declared status of WoNS asparagus weeds in Australia 0 Safety, native vegetation and cultural heritage information 2 Further information and contacts lossary 8 eferences Further reading 20 v National management Using this manual The continued spread of asparagus weeds Who should use this manual? threatens Australia’s biodiversity, including endangered coastal and forest ecosystems. The This manual has been written to assist anyone who Asparagus
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Study of the E-Class SEPALLATA3-Like MADS-Box Genes in Wild-Type and Mutant flowers of Cultivated Saffron Crocus (Crocus Sativus L.) and Its Putative Progenitors
    G Model JPLPH-51259; No. of Pages 10 ARTICLE IN PRESS Journal of Plant Physiology xxx (2011) xxx–xxx Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Plant Physiology journal homepage: www.elsevier.de/jplph The study of the E-class SEPALLATA3-like MADS-box genes in wild-type and mutant flowers of cultivated saffron crocus (Crocus sativus L.) and its putative progenitors Athanasios Tsaftaris a,b,∗, Konstantinos Pasentsis a, Antonios Makris a, Nikos Darzentas a, Alexios Polidoros a,1, Apostolos Kalivas a,2, Anagnostis Argiriou a a Institute of Agrobiotechnology, Center for Research and Technology Hellas, 6th Km Charilaou Thermi Road, Thermi GR-570 01, Greece b Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki GR-541 24, Greece article info abstract Article history: To further understand flowering and flower organ formation in the monocot crop saffron crocus (Crocus Received 11 August 2010 sativus L.), we cloned four MIKCc type II MADS-box cDNA sequences of the E-class SEPALLATA3 (SEP3) Received in revised form 22 March 2011 subfamily designated CsatSEP3a/b/c/c as as well as the three respective genomic sequences. Sequence Accepted 26 March 2011 analysis showed that cDNA sequences of CsatSEP3 c and c as are the products of alternative splicing of the CsatSEP3c gene. Bioinformatics analysis with putative orthologous sequences from various plant Keywords: species suggested that all four cDNA sequences encode for SEP3-like proteins with characteristic motifs Crocus sativus L. and amino acids, and highlighted intriguing sequence features. Phylogenetically, the isolated sequences MADS-box genes Monocots were closest to the SEP3-like genes from monocots such as Asparagus virgatus, Oryza sativa, Zea mays, RCA-RACE and the dicot Arabidopsis SEP3 gene.
    [Show full text]
  • The Evolution of a Sex Chromosome in Asparagus by Alex E. Harkess (Under the Direction of James H. Leebens-Mack) Abstract the Ov
    The Evolution of a Sex Chromosome in Asparagus by Alex E. Harkess (Under the Direction of James H. Leebens-Mack) Abstract The overwhelming majority of flowering plants reproduce through the production of hermaphroditic flowers. A small percentage of angiosperm species instead are dioecious, producing either male or female flowers on individual plants. Dioecy can be mediated at the molecular level by a sex chromosome that genetically differentiates males and females. Sex chromosomes evolve from autosomes, and this conversion is hypothesized to involve muta- tions in one or more linked genes that determine sex. Given the complexities of anther and ovule development, the full suite of sex determination genes has not been described for any dioecious plant. Here we explore the conversion from autosome to an XY sex chromosome using garden asparagus (Asparagus officinalis), an ideal model system for studying the ear- liest events in sex chromosome evolution given that it recently evolved a sex chromosome pair. Focusing first on broad trends, genomic characterization of several hermaphroditic and dioecious species across the Asparagus genus revealed an increase in retrotransposon con- tent coincident with the evolution of dioecy. To identify putative sex determination genes on this Y chromosome, we then explore the timing of male and female sterility events in garden asparagus, hypothesizing that anther sterility in females likely occurs before pollen microsporogenesis. Finally, we assemble and annotate a high quality reference genome for garden asparagus, and perform a suite of mutant analyses to identify two genes in a non- recombining region of the Y that are ultimately responsible for sex determination.
    [Show full text]
  • Medicinal Properties of Selected Asparagus Species: a Review Polo-Ma-Abiele Hildah Mfengwana and Samson Sitheni Mashele
    Chapter Medicinal Properties of Selected Asparagus Species: A Review Polo-Ma-Abiele Hildah Mfengwana and Samson Sitheni Mashele Abstract Asparagus species are naturally distributed along Asia, Africa, and Europe and are known to have numerous biological properties. This review article was aimed to provide an organized summary of current studies on the traditional uses, phy- tochemistry, and pharmacological and toxicological studies of Asparagus laricinus Burch., Asparagus africanus Lam., Asparagus officinalis L., Asparagus racemosus Willd., and Asparagus densiflorus (Kunth) Jessop to attain and establish new insights for further researches. Information used in this review was obtained from electronic database including PubMed central, Google scholars, Science direct, Scopus, and Sabinet. Based on the present findings, the existing literature still presents some breaches about the mechanism of action of various constituents of these plants, and their relation to other plant compounds in poly-herbal formulations, as well as their long-term use and safety. More in-depth studies are still needed for active compounds and biological activities of Asparagus laricinus, Asparagus africanus, and Asparagus densiflorus. Therefore, innumerable opportunities and possibilities for investigation are still available in novel areas of these plants for future research stud¬ies. It can be concluded that all selected Asparagus species have tremendous potential to improve human health and the pharmacological activities of these plants can be attributed to bioactive phytochemicals they possess. Keywords: Asparagaceae, Asparagus africanus lam., Asparagus densiflorus (kunth) Jessop, Asparagus laricinus Burch., Asparagus officinalis L., Asparagus racemosus Willd., pharmacological actions, phytochemistry 1. Introduction Historically, plants were used for numerous purposes for mankind in general, inter alia, feeding and catering, culinary spices, medicine, various forms of cosmetics, symbols in worship and for a variety of ornamental goods.
    [Show full text]
  • GENOME EVOLUTION in MONOCOTS a Dissertation
    GENOME EVOLUTION IN MONOCOTS A Dissertation Presented to The Faculty of the Graduate School At the University of Missouri In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy By Kate L. Hertweck Dr. J. Chris Pires, Dissertation Advisor JULY 2011 The undersigned, appointed by the dean of the Graduate School, have examined the dissertation entitled GENOME EVOLUTION IN MONOCOTS Presented by Kate L. Hertweck A candidate for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy And hereby certify that, in their opinion, it is worthy of acceptance. Dr. J. Chris Pires Dr. Lori Eggert Dr. Candace Galen Dr. Rose‐Marie Muzika ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am indebted to many people for their assistance during the course of my graduate education. I would not have derived such a keen understanding of the learning process without the tutelage of Dr. Sandi Abell. Members of the Pires lab provided prolific support in improving lab techniques, computational analysis, greenhouse maintenance, and writing support. Team Monocot, including Dr. Mike Kinney, Dr. Roxi Steele, and Erica Wheeler were particularly helpful, but other lab members working on Brassicaceae (Dr. Zhiyong Xiong, Dr. Maqsood Rehman, Pat Edger, Tatiana Arias, Dustin Mayfield) all provided vital support as well. I am also grateful for the support of a high school student, Cady Anderson, and an undergraduate, Tori Docktor, for their assistance in laboratory procedures. Many people, scientist and otherwise, helped with field collections: Dr. Travis Columbus, Hester Bell, Doug and Judy McGoon, Julie Ketner, Katy Klymus, and William Alexander. Many thanks to Barb Sonderman for taking care of my greenhouse collection of many odd plants brought back from the field.
    [Show full text]
  • Listado De Todas Las Plantas Que Tengo Fotografiadas Ordenado Por Familias Según El Sistema APG III (Última Actualización: 2 De Septiembre De 2021)
    Listado de todas las plantas que tengo fotografiadas ordenado por familias según el sistema APG III (última actualización: 2 de Septiembre de 2021) GÉNERO Y ESPECIE FAMILIA SUBFAMILIA GÉNERO Y ESPECIE FAMILIA SUBFAMILIA Acanthus hungaricus Acanthaceae Acanthoideae Metarungia longistrobus Acanthaceae Acanthoideae Acanthus mollis Acanthaceae Acanthoideae Odontonema callistachyum Acanthaceae Acanthoideae Acanthus spinosus Acanthaceae Acanthoideae Odontonema cuspidatum Acanthaceae Acanthoideae Aphelandra flava Acanthaceae Acanthoideae Odontonema tubaeforme Acanthaceae Acanthoideae Aphelandra sinclairiana Acanthaceae Acanthoideae Pachystachys lutea Acanthaceae Acanthoideae Aphelandra squarrosa Acanthaceae Acanthoideae Pachystachys spicata Acanthaceae Acanthoideae Asystasia gangetica Acanthaceae Acanthoideae Peristrophe speciosa Acanthaceae Acanthoideae Barleria cristata Acanthaceae Acanthoideae Phaulopsis pulchella Acanthaceae Acanthoideae Barleria obtusa Acanthaceae Acanthoideae Pseuderanthemum carruthersii ‘Rubrum’ Acanthaceae Acanthoideae Barleria repens Acanthaceae Acanthoideae Pseuderanthemum carruthersii var. atropurpureum Acanthaceae Acanthoideae Brillantaisia lamium Acanthaceae Acanthoideae Pseuderanthemum carruthersii var. reticulatum Acanthaceae Acanthoideae Brillantaisia owariensis Acanthaceae Acanthoideae Pseuderanthemum laxiflorum Acanthaceae Acanthoideae Brillantaisia ulugurica Acanthaceae Acanthoideae Pseuderanthemum laxiflorum ‘Purple Dazzler’ Acanthaceae Acanthoideae Crossandra infundibuliformis Acanthaceae Acanthoideae Ruellia
    [Show full text]
  • The Asparagus Genome Sheds Light on the Origin and Evolution of a Young Y Chromosome
    ARTICLE DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01064-8 OPEN The asparagus genome sheds light on the origin and evolution of a young Y chromosome Alex Harkess et al.# Sex chromosomes evolved from autosomes many times across the eukaryote phylogeny. Several models have been proposed to explain this transition, some involving male and female sterility mutations linked in a region of suppressed recombination between X and 1234567890 Y (or Z/W, U/V) chromosomes. Comparative and experimental analysis of a reference genome assembly for a double haploid YY male garden asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) individual implicates separate but linked genes as responsible for sex determination. Dioecy has evolved recently within Asparagus and sex chromosomes are cytogenetically identical with the Y, harboring a megabase segment that is missing from the X. We show that deletion of this entire region results in a male-to-female conversion, whereas loss of a single sup- pressor of female development drives male-to-hermaphrodite conversion. A single copy anther-specific gene with a male sterile Arabidopsis knockout phenotype is also in the Y-specific region, supporting a two-gene model for sex chromosome evolution. Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to Y.Y. (email: [email protected]) or to J.H.L.-M. (email: [email protected]) or to G.C. (email: [email protected]). #A full list of authors and their affliations appears at the end of the paper NATURE COMMUNICATIONS | 8: 1279 | DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01064-8 | www.nature.com/naturecommunications 1 ARTICLE NATURE COMMUNICATIONS | DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01064-8 ver the last century, cytological and genetic evidence has development and promote male function.
    [Show full text]
  • Asparagus Racemosus (Willd): Biological Activities & Its Active Principles
    Indo-Global Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2011, Vol 1., Issue 2: Page No. 113-120 INDO GLOBAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES Asparagus racemosus (Willd): Biological Activities & its Active Principles Amit Chawla*, Payal Chawla, Mangalesh, R C Roy Global College of Pharmacy,Khanpur Khui, Anandpur Sahib-140117,Punjab, India Received: 26th Dec. 2010; Accepted: 09th Jan 2011 Address for Correspondance: [email protected] Abstract— Asparagus racemosus Willd. (Liliaceae) known as ‘Shatavari’. The major active constituents of Asparagus racemosus are steroidal saponins (Shatavarins I-IV). Isoflavones, Asparagamine, Racemosol, Polysaccharides, mucilage, vitamins A, B1 , B2 , C, E, Mg, P, Ca, Fe, and folic acid present in roots. Other primary chemical constituents of Asparagus are essential oils, asparagine, arginine, tyrosine, flavonoids (kaempferol, quercetin, and rutin), resin, and tannin. It is a well known Ayurvedic rasayana which prevent ageing, increase longevity, impart immunity, improve mental function, vigor and add vitality to the body. It is also used in nervous disorders, dyspepsia, tumors, inflammation, neuropathy and hepatopathy.© 2011 IGJPS. All rights reserved Keywords : Shatavari, Shatavarins I-IV, Racemosol, Antiageing. 113 Indo-Global Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2011, Vol 1., Issue 2: Page No. 113-120 INTRODUCTION Asparagus racemosus Willd. (Liliaceae), commonly known as ‘Shatavari’, is a much-branched, spinous under shrub found growing wild in tropical and sub-tropical parts of India. Shatavari is a woody climber growing to 1-2 m length. The leaves are like pine-needles, small and uniform. The inflorescence has tiny white flowers, in small spikes and the roots are finger-like and clustered [1]. Vernacular Names are Oriya: Shatabari, Hindi: Satavar, Bengali: Shatamooli, Marathi: Shatavari, Gujarati: Shatawari, Telugu: Challan gadda, Tamil: Sadawari, Kannada: Majjigegade.
    [Show full text]
  • Vegetation Survey of Mount Gorongosa
    VEGETATION SURVEY OF MOUNT GORONGOSA Tom Müller, Anthony Mapaura, Bart Wursten, Christopher Chapano, Petra Ballings & Robin Wild 2008 (published 2012) Occasional Publications in Biodiversity No. 23 VEGETATION SURVEY OF MOUNT GORONGOSA Tom Müller, Anthony Mapaura, Bart Wursten, Christopher Chapano, Petra Ballings & Robin Wild 2008 (published 2012) Occasional Publications in Biodiversity No. 23 Biodiversity Foundation for Africa P.O. Box FM730, Famona, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe Vegetation Survey of Mt Gorongosa, page 2 SUMMARY Mount Gorongosa is a large inselberg almost 700 sq. km in extent in central Mozambique. With a vertical relief of between 900 and 1400 m above the surrounding plain, the highest point is at 1863 m. The mountain consists of a Lower Zone (mainly below 1100 m altitude) containing settlements and over which the natural vegetation cover has been strongly modified by people, and an Upper Zone in which much of the natural vegetation is still well preserved. Both zones are very important to the hydrology of surrounding areas. Immediately adjacent to the mountain lies Gorongosa National Park, one of Mozambique's main conservation areas. A key issue in recent years has been whether and how to incorporate the upper parts of Mount Gorongosa above 700 m altitude into the existing National Park, which is primarily lowland. [These areas were eventually incorporated into the National Park in 2010.] In recent years the unique biodiversity and scenic beauty of Mount Gorongosa have come under severe threat from the destruction of natural vegetation. This is particularly acute as regards moist evergreen forest, the loss of which has accelerated to alarming proportions.
    [Show full text]
  • Eupalitin from Asparagus Falcatus (Linn.) Has Anti- Cancer Activity and Induces Activation of Caspases 3/7 in Human Colorectal Tumor Cells
    Vol. 7(20), pp. 1401-1405, 25 May, 2013 DOI: 10.5897/JMPR11.801 Journal of Medicinal Plants Research ISSN 1996-0875 © 2013 Academic Journals http://www.academicjournals.org/JMPR Full Length Research Paper Eupalitin from Asparagus falcatus (Linn.) has anti- cancer activity and induces activation of caspases 3/7 in human colorectal tumor cells Raza Murad Ghalib 1*, Sayed Hasan Mehdi 2, Rokiah Hashim 2, Othman Sulaiman 2, Fiona How Ni Foong 1, B. M. Khadeer Ahamed 3, Amin Malik Shah Abdul Majid 3 and Faiyaz Ahmed 4 1Department of Chemistry, Kulliyaah of Science, IIUM, Kuantan, Malaysia. 2School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden–11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia. 3Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden–11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia. 4Indian Institute of Crop Processing Technology, Ministry of Food Processing Industries, Govt of India, Pudukkottai Road, Thanjavur 613 005, Tamil Nadu, India. Accepted 13 May, 2013 3,5,4 ′-Trihydroxy-6,7-dimethoxy-flavone (Eupalitin) has been isolated from the leaves of Asparagus falcatus (Linn.). Anti-proliferation and apoptosis studies were conducted on eupalitin. Results showed that eupalitin exhibited significant cytotoxicity against human colorectal tumor cells. It is found that eupalitin induces the activation of caspases 3/7, a hallmark of apoptosis. The study suggests that the anti-proliferative property of eupalitin towards the human colorectal tumor cells may be probably due to its capability to induce apoptosis in cells. Key words: 3,5,4 ′-Trihydroxy-6,7-dimethoxy-flavone, eupalitin, Asparagus falcatus (Linn.), cytotoxicity, colorectal cancer, caspases. INTRODUCTION It has been investigated that flavonoids may be effective rhamnoside showed some hepatoprotective natural in combating certain types of cancer (Sarin et al., 1976; products and their analogues as activity (Martini et al., Kupchan and Bauerschmidt, 1971; Zhao et al., 2010; 2004).
    [Show full text]
  • Asparagus Racemosus
    Shatavari - Asparagus racemosus Common Names Shatavari (Sanskrit), Constituents Satavari (Hindi), wild • steroidal saponins, known as shatavarins asparagus, asparagus bush I- IV. Shatavarin I is the major glycosid4 Part Used Root • isoflavones including 8-methoxy-5,6,4'- trihydroxyisoflavone 7-O-beta-D- Description glucopyranoside5 Shatavari is a woody climber growing to 1-2 m • asparagamine, a polycyclic alkaloid6 in length. The leaves are like pine-needles, • racemosol, a cyclic hydrocarbon (9,10- small and uniform. The inflorescence has tiny dihydrophenanthrene)7 white flowers, in small spikes. The roots are finger-like and clustered.1 The plant, of the • polysaccharides, mucilage Liliaceae family, is common at low altitudes in shade and in tropical climates throughout Scientific studies India,2 Asia, Australia and Africa. Shatavari is recommended in Ayurvedic texts Adaptogenic Activity for prevention and treatment of gastric ulcers, Six rasayana plants from Ayurveda, has been dyspepsia and as a galactogogue studied for their adaptogenic potential. The Shatavari means ‘who possesses a hundred whole, aqueous, standardized extracts of husbands’. It is considered both a general tonic selected plants (Tinospora cordifolia, and a female reproductive tonic. Shatavari is Asparagus racemosus, Emblica officinalis, the main Ayurvedic rejuvenative tonic for the Withania somnifera, Piper longum and female, as is Withania for the male. Shatavari is Terminalia chebula) were administered orally however, used for sexual debility and infertility to experimental animals, in a dose extrapolated in both sexes. It is also used for menopausal from the human dose, after which they were 3 exposed to a variety of biological, physical and symptoms and to increase lactation.2, chemical stressors.
    [Show full text]
  • Specialty Annuals and Herbs Plug Program
    SPECIALTY ANNUALS AND HERBS PLUG PROGRAM Specialty Annuals and Herbs Tray Size Abutilon Bella Apricot Sh Tray 200 Abutilon Bella Mix Select Tray 200 Abutilon Bella Pink Tray 200 Abutilon Bella Red Tray 200 Asparagus setaceus (plumosus) Tray 200 Asparagus sprengerii Tray 200 Asparagus virgatus Tray 200 Basil Cinnamon Tray 200 Basil Dark Opal Tray 200 Basil Genovese Tray 200 Basil Lemon Mrs Burns Tray 200 Basil Lettuce Leafed Tray 200 Basil Licorice Tray 200 Basil Lime Tray 200 Basil Magical Michael Tray 200 Basil Purple Ruffle Tray 200 Basil Red Rubin Tray 200 Basil Siam Queen Tray 200 Basil Sweet Tray 200 Basil Sweet Dani Lemon Tray 200 Basil Sweet Thai Tray 200 Begonia Ambassador Mix Tray 200 Begonia Prelude Pink Tray 200 Begonia Prelude Rose Tray 200 Begonia Prelude White Tray 200 Calendula Bon Bon Apricot Tray 200 Calendula Bon Bon Mix Tray 200 Calendula Bon Bon Orange Tray 200 Calendula Bon Bon Yellow Tray 200 Calendula Bon Bon Yellow Lt Tray 200 Catnip Tray 200 Celosia Amigo Mix Tray 200 Celosia Castle Mix Tray 200 Celosia Castle Orange Tray 200 Celosia Castle Scarlet Tray 200 Celosia Century Mix Tray 200 Celosia Century Red Tray 200 Celosia Century Rose Tray 200 Celosia Fresh Look Mix Tray 200 Celosia Fresh Look Orange Tray 200 Headstart Nursery, Inc. 1 Last Updated 6.21.11 SPECIALTY ANNUALS AND HERBS PLUG PROGRAM Specialty Annuals and Herbs Tray Size Celosia Fresh Look Red Tray 200 Celosia Fresh Look Yellow Tray 200 Celosia Ice Cream Cherry Tray 200 Celosia Ice Cream Mango Tray 200 Celosia Kimono Mix Tray 200 Celosia Kimono Orange
    [Show full text]
  • BFS341 Site Species List
    Species lists based on plot records from DEP (1996), Gibson et al. (1994), Griffin (1993), Keighery (1996) and Weston et al. (1992). Taxonomy and species attributes according to Keighery et al. (2006) as of 16th May 2005. Species Name Common Name Family Major Plant Group Significant Species Endemic Growth Form Code Growth Form Life Form Life Form - aquatics Common SSCP Wetland Species BFS No WOODP01 (FCT30a2) WOODP02 (FCT30a2) Wd? Acacia rostellifera Summer-scented Wattle Mimosaceae Dicot WA 3 SH/T P 341 y y Acanthocarpus preissii Prickle Lily Dasypogonaceae Monocot WA 4 H-SH P 341 y * Anagallis arvensis Pimpernel Primulaceae Dicot 4 H A 341 y * Asparagus asparagoides Bridal Creeper Asparagaceae Monocot 4 H (CL) PAB 341 y y Austrostipa elegantissima Feather Speargrass Poaceae Monocot AUST 5 G P 341 y Caladenia latifolia Pink Fairy Orchid Orchidaceae Monocot WA 4 H PAB 341 y Calandrinia calyptrata Pink Purslane Portulacaceae Dicot AUST 4 H A 341 y Callitris preissii Rottnest Island Cypress Cupressaceae Conifer s,E WA 1 T P 341 y * Cerastium glomeratum Sticky Mouse-ear Chickweed Caryophyllaceae Dicot 4 H A 341 y Clematis linearifolia Old Man's Beard Ranunculaceae Dicot WA 4 H-SH (CL) P 341 y Clematis pubescens Old Man's Beard Ranunculaceae Dicot WA 4 H-SH (CL) P 341 y Comesperma integerrimum Vine Comesperma Polygalaceae Dicot WA 3 SH (CL) P 341 y Conostylis candicans subsp. candicans Grey Conostylis Haemodoraceae Monocot WA 4 H P 341 y Dianella revoluta var. divaricata Common Dianella Phormiaceae Monocot WA 4 H P 341 y Diplolaena dampieri Southern Diplolaena Rutaceae Dicot r,s AUST 3 SH P 341 y * Ehrharta longiflora Annual Veldtgrass Poaceae Monocot 5 G A 341 y y Eucalyptus gomphocephala var.
    [Show full text]